CN110145446A - A kind of micro- ox propulsion device of pulse electrical excitation - Google Patents
A kind of micro- ox propulsion device of pulse electrical excitation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110145446A CN110145446A CN201910510644.8A CN201910510644A CN110145446A CN 110145446 A CN110145446 A CN 110145446A CN 201910510644 A CN201910510644 A CN 201910510644A CN 110145446 A CN110145446 A CN 110145446A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0081—Electromagnetic plasma thrusters
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Abstract
A kind of micro- ox propulsion device of pulse electrical excitation, belongs to plasma micromass culture technical field.The present invention solves that existing thruster ionization regulating measure is single, is not able to satisfy the efficient stable work adjusted on a large scale, and be unable to satisfy the problem of satellite is without in towing control for rapid response to customer's need.Arc chamber main body is cylindrical body structure, through-hole is coaxially offered on the pedestal, first annular channel and the second circular passage, the inner sleeve is plugged in first annular channel and affixed with pedestal, the outer sleeve is plugged in the second circular passage and affixed with pedestal, it is located on the outer wall outside arc chamber on each sleeve and is arranged with coil, microwave input unit is plugged in through-hole and affixed with pedestal, and the one end being located in arc chamber on microwave input unit is coaxially installed with ring shape microwave antenna, quantity several air vents identical with several air supply units are also provided on the pedestal, and several air supply units are corresponding with arc chamber is connected to by several air vents.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of micro- ox propulsion devices of pulse electrical excitation, belong to plasma micromass culture technical field.
Background technique
Electric propulsion system compared with chemical system, have many advantages, such as than leaping high, thrust it is small, the completion of same task needs more
Few fuel reduces cost, and speed increment is bigger, can work the longer time, more remote space mission is made to become a reality.
Electric thruster is the core subelement of electric propulsion system, and by the difference of propellant accelerated mode, it can be divided into electrothermal, electrostatic
Formula and electromagnetic type three categories, electrostatic ion thruster are to accelerate charged particle using electrostatic field, the ion beam of high speed ejection
Raw reaction force of miscarrying is the thrust of thruster, and electron cyclotron resonace thruster (ECRIT) belongs to ion thruster, magnetic
Strategy of putting realize Magnetic Mirror Effect, when the charged particle at magnetic mirror center is moved to two sides, be reflected back by magnetic mirror power
The heart realizes the constraint of magnetic field plasma, and constraint electronic capability improves, and working medium ionization rate increases accordingly；ECRIT is with no yin
Pole discharge scheme, avoids cathode burning corrosion, thus have the characteristics that the service life it is long, than leaping high, structure it is simple, be suitable for use as deep space spy
Survey device main propelling machinery.
With being constantly progressive for space technology, to meet future science research, technical identification, satellite communication, deep space exploration
And the requirement of military mission, application of the plasma propulsion unit in the following space flight will be more and more extensive, for spacecraft
Gesture stability, height control, and the requirement of orbit injection accuracy etc. will be higher, and micromass culture, change propulsive have been following development sides
One of to.
Original electron cyclotron resonace thruster structure has the following problems: wants to realize micromass culture, to reach thrust lower limit,
It is required that arc chamber is compact in size, and then surface to volume ratio increases, and brings thruster internal plasma electronics wall surface loss etc. and asks
The problem of topic, existing thruster ionization regulating measure is single, is not able to satisfy the efficient stable work adjusted on a large scale.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be it is single in order to solve existing thruster ionization regulating measure, be not able to satisfy adjust on a large scale it is efficient
Steady operation, and it is unable to satisfy the problem of satellite is without in towing control for rapid response to customer's need, and then provide a kind of arteries and veins
Rush the micro- ox propulsion device of electrical excitation.
Used technical solution is the present invention to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of micro- ox propulsion device of pulse electrical excitation, it include arc chamber, inner sleeve, outer sleeve, microwave input unit and
Several air supply units, the arc chamber include that arc chamber main body, the pedestal for being fixed in arc chamber main body one end and being fixed in is put
The grid accelerator module of the electric room main body other end, the arc chamber main body are cylindrical body structure, are coaxially offered on the pedestal
Through-hole, first annular channel and the second circular passage, the inner sleeve are plugged in first annular channel and affixed with pedestal, institute
State outer sleeve be plugged in it is in the second circular passage and affixed with pedestal, on each sleeve be located at arc chamber outside outer wall on around
Equipped with coil, it is interior and affixed with pedestal that microwave input unit is plugged in through-hole, and is located in arc chamber on microwave input unit
One end is coaxially installed with ring shape microwave antenna, and quantity several gas supply identical with several air supply units are also provided on the pedestal
Hole, and several air supply units are corresponding with arc chamber is connected to by several air vents.
Further, the grid accelerator module includes screen and accelerating grid, wherein the screen inputs list close to microwave
Member setting, and screen-grid potential is positive potential, accelerating grid current potential is negative potential.
Further, the diameter of several second fairleads opened up on accelerating grid is less than several first opened up on screen and draws
The diameter to portal.
Further, the electric current of wound around coil is less than the electric current of wound around coil on outer sleeve, and two groups of coils on inner sleeve
Current direction it is opposite.
Further, several air vents are respectively positioned on the outside setting of outer sleeve.
Further, the quantity of several air vents is 20, and is evenly arranged on pedestal.
Further, arc chamber main body is stainless steel cylinder, and its length is less than or equal to 20mm, and pedestal is steel bottom
Seat, inner sleeve and outer sleeve are all made of DT4C type soft iron material.
The present invention has the effect that compared with prior art
1, during realizing thrust microminiaturization, under the action of magnetic circuit unit, be filled be kept in motion lack
Electronics is measured by Lorentz force centripetal force, forms electron cyclotron movement, due to Magnetic Mirror Effect, electronics is bound in arc chamber.
The direct contact discharge area of microwave input unit, by microwave, Afferent Discharge room, wave frequency once reach convolution without reservation
Angular frequency, electronics can utmostly absorb microwave energy and collide with neutral gas, and neutral gas ionizes, and produce
Raw plasma.In this process, the stable discharging under low pressure small flow rate, discharge mechanism base may be implemented in the application
Coupled in microwave with electron cyclotron, meet satellite without towing control in for respond it is fast the needs of.Discharging chamber is small, and air pressure is low,
It can achieve the lower thrust lower limit of more existing thruster, microsatellite field made to realize that small power electric promotes product.
2, for arc chamber using miniaturization circular cylindrical cavity, entering the indoor linear polarization electromagnetic wave of electric discharge can be in the application
Two opposite circularly polarized waves in direction of rotation are decomposed into, wherein electron cyclotron wave is in dextropolarization wave frequency range.Electronics
Ceaselessly pass through collisionless heating mechanism in the direction of vertical magnetic field and obtains energy from electric field.Electronics after microwave accelerates, if its
Energy is higher than the first ionization energy of neutral ion, then electron collision neutral gas makes its ionization form plasma.But due to chamber
Body radius is smaller, and maximum cutoff wavelength (i.e. fundamental mode cutoff wavelength) pushes away less than microwave in calculated each transmission mode accordingly
The operation wavelength of power device, the wavy state of pure oscillation of a kind of " original place vibration " is presented in electromagnetic field at this time, and electromagnetic wave does not pass further along
It is defeated, it is in off state, using the characteristic, adjusts discharge volume, can miscarry to ion beam raw beneficial effect.
3, the application microwave input is to be directly exposed in electron cyclotron resonace chamber to complete by a ring shape microwave antenna, ring
The electric field strength equipotential lines and the magnetic line of force in electron cyclotron resonace area that shape microwave antenna generates are preferably parallel, magnetic field and microwave
Cooperate result closer to calculated result, corresponding electronics capacitation index is maximum.Ring shape microwave antenna surface area is smaller simultaneously, can have
Effect reduces plasma in the collision loss of antenna wall surface.In addition, the exposed of antenna solves the problems, such as microwave transmission difficulty, energy
Amount reaches high microwave plasma absorptivity directly by Electron absorption.
4, the magnetic circuit unit of the application is realized by pulsed electrical excitation, protrudes into the magnetic field that the iron sleeve part in cavity generates
Unevenly, it forms Magnetic Mirror Effect and center is reflected back by magnetic mirror force constraint when the charged particle at magnetic mirror center is moved to two sides,
The moving region of charged particle has been limited between magnetic mirror, can effectively be extended electronics in the residence time of arc chamber, be subtracted
The loss of small electronics and collision with wall improves working medium ionization rate.
5, pulsed electrical excitation changes magnetic field strength, relieves permanent magnet bring in the prior art by adjusting electric current
The constraint of single magnetic field strength realizes the shaping modes of change propulsive.In the case where gas supply flow wide variation, change electricity
Size is flowed, magnetic field strength changes therewith with bit-type, and the size in the electron cyclotron resonace face generated with microwave cooperation and position occur
Variation.The electric discharge scale of the device is measured using the size and position of resonance surface.Resonance surface becomes larger, and electric discharge scale obviously increases,
Gas ion moving region is adjustable, can effectively improve working medium utilization rate.The change of electron cyclotron resonace face position will affect from
The extraction of beamlet stream, the distance between resonance surface and grid are closer, and gas ion extraction is easier, and thrust increases with it, simultaneously
Also it can cause more serious erosion problem；Conversely, distance is shorter, gas ion, which is drawn, becomes difficult, and thrust can reduce therewith, and erosion is asked
Topic is also improved.
In addition, the application is demonstrated by extremely great advantage, grade permanent magnetism dress in the case where further reducing arc chamber size condition
It is larger to set the difficulty of processing reduced again, and the magnetic conduction sleeve difficulty of processing in electrical excitation device is smaller, barrel can accomplish it is thinner,
Reach lower thrust lower limit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the main cross-sectional schematic diagram of the application；
Fig. 2 is the right side view of microwave input unit；
The resonance surface position simulation schematic diagram that Fig. 3, which is interior lines loop current, to be generated when being 10A；
The resonance surface position simulation schematic diagram that Fig. 4, which is interior lines loop current, to be generated when being 4A.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: illustrate present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1~4, a kind of micro- ox propulsion device of pulse electrical excitation, it
Including arc chamber 1, inner sleeve 2, outer sleeve 3, microwave input unit 4 and several air supply units 5, the arc chamber 1 includes electric discharge
Room main body 11, the pedestal 12 for being fixed in 11 one end of arc chamber main body and the grid for being fixed in 11 other end of arc chamber main body accelerate
Unit 13, the arc chamber main body 11 are cylindrical body structure, coaxially offer on the pedestal 12 through-hole, first annular channel with
Second circular passage, the inner sleeve 2 are plugged in first annular channel and affixed with pedestal 12, and the outer sleeve 3 is plugged in
It is in second circular passage and affixed with pedestal 12, it is located on the outer wall outside arc chamber 1 on each sleeve and is arranged with coil 6,
Microwave input unit 4 is plugged in one end in through-hole and affixed with pedestal 12, and being located in arc chamber 1 on microwave input unit 4
It coaxially is installed with ring shape microwave antenna 41, quantity several confessions identical with several air supply units 5 are also provided on the pedestal 12
Stomata 12-1, and several air supply units 5 it is corresponding with arc chamber 1 by several air vent 12-1 be connected to.
Inner and outer sleeves and the coil 6 wound thereon composition electrical excitation adjust unit, are located at 1 front end of arc chamber, by line
6 power supply of circle, generates time-varying magnetic field；
Grid accelerator module 13 is located at region of discharge rear end, and ion acceleration, which sprays, generates thrust, and the averager with thruster
The electronics of sending neutralizes；Stable working medium air-flow is provided to thruster by air supply unit 5；
Microwave feed unit obtains certain frequency pulse microwave from microwave power supply, provides microwave input to thruster.
Main region in arc chamber 1 is the electron cyclotron that electrical excitation adjusts unit and the cooperation of microwave input unit 4 generates
Resonance region 7.
For the time-varying magnetic field for the response electrical excitation that the power supply of coil 6 being wrapped in inner and outer sleeves generates, the magnetic circuit list of composition
Member is located at region of discharge front end guidance electron cyclotron and moves, and it is total that the microwave generated with microwave input unit 4 cooperatively forms electron cyclotron
It shakes, the ring shape microwave antenna 41 on microwave input unit 4 is directly exposed in electron cyclotron resonace area 7, solves microwave transmission
Difficult problem, energy directly by Electron absorption, reach high microwave plasma absorptivity, the electron cyclotron resonace area 7
In arc chamber 1.
Electrical excitation adjusting unit switch outside arc chamber 1 is in parallel with microwave power supply, obtains from microwave power supply certain
Frequency pulse microwave enters arc chamber 1 through microwave input unit 4, and the ring shape microwave antenna 41 for being placed in 1 center of arc chamber is sent out
Corresponding microwave frequency out, forms a stronger field region in cylindrical arc chamber 1, and setting time-varying magnetic field changes frequency
Rate and microwave change frequency be it is consistent, it is deaf between inner and outer sleeves by air supply unit 5 after magnetic field strength adjusting to a certain value
Enter rare gas, microwave frequency and electron gyro-frequency are equal, protrude into the region ring shape microwave antenna 41 generate microwave with
A large amount of plasmas are generated under the magnetic field collective effect, 13 collective effect of grid accelerator module draws plasma, prevents electricity
Son is accelerated away by beam path.
The side being located in arc chamber 1 in inner and outer sleeves generates the magnetic line of force 8, and microwave input unit 4 protrudes into arc chamber 1
Centre input microwave, microwave frequency generate covibration, form electron cyclotron resonace area 7, add when identical as electron cyclotron angular frequency
Thermoelectron absorbs energy, collides the Working medium gas being sent by air supply unit 5, generates plasma and is drawn by grid accelerator module 13
Out, the grid accelerator module 13 includes the screen 13-1 and accelerating grid 13-2 of coaxial arrangement, is opened up on screen 13-1 several
The radius of first fairlead 13-11 is greater than the radius of several second fairlead 13-21 opened up on accelerating grid 13-2, screen 13-1
Current potential is the positive potential of nearly kilovolt, and accelerating grid 13-2 is negative potential, can be insulated using ceramic gasket between two pieces of grids
Processing.
The coil 6 wound on inner sleeve 2 is interior loop, and the coil 6 wound on outer sleeve 3 is exterior loop, changes inner, external wire
Loop current, the size and location for forming resonance surface 9 change, particularly evident in miniaturization cavity.For example, interior loop is set
200 circles are set, when 90 circle is arranged in exterior loop, when interior lines loop current is 10A, 9 position of resonance surface of formation is as shown in figure 3, interior loop
When electric current is 4A, the position for forming resonance surface 9 is as shown in Figure 4.
Working principle:
Under the action of magnetic circuit unit, a small amount of electronics being kept in motion being filled with is by Lorentz force centripetal force, shape
It is moved at electron cyclotron, due to Magnetic Mirror Effect, electronics is bound in arc chamber 1.Microwave input unit 4 is micro- by an annular
Wave antenna 41 is directly exposed in electron cyclotron resonace chamber, and by microwave Afferent Discharge room 1 without reservation, one kind is presented in electromagnetic field
The wavy state of pure oscillation of " original place vibration ", electromagnetic wave no longer onwards transmission are in off state, and wave frequency once reaches
To cyclotron angular frequency, electronics ceaselessly passes through collisionless heating mechanism in the direction of vertical magnetic field and obtains energy from electric field, to twining
The coil 6 being wound in inner and outer sleeves is powered, and by adjusting electric current, changes magnetic field strength and bit-type, different 9 sizes of resonance surface
Influence working medium utilization rate, and different 9 position of resonance surface influences the extraction of particle beam, under the two collective effect, gas ionization
Occur greatly to improve.Electronics is after microwave accelerates, if its energy is higher than the first ionization energy of neutral ion, electron collision is neutral
Gas makes its ionization form plasma, and screen 13-1- accelerating grid 13-2 unit collective effect draws plasma, prevents electricity
Son is accelerated away by beam path.Different magnetic field strengths and bit-type is guided out the different ion beam current of quantity, realizes
The shaping modes of change propulsive.But since 1 radius of arc chamber is smaller, maximum cut-off wave in calculated each transmission mode accordingly
Long (i.e. fundamental mode cutoff wavelength) is less than the operation wavelength of microwave thruster, and the sine of a kind of " original place vibration " is presented in electromagnetic field at this time
Oscillation wave state, electromagnetic wave no longer onwards transmission, is in off state, using the characteristic, adjusts discharge volume, can to from
Component line generates beneficial effect.
Wave frequency once reaches cyclotron angular frequency, electronics can utmostly absorb microwave energy and with neutral gas
Body collides, and neutral gas ionizes, and generates plasma.In this process, electron cyclotron resonace thruster can be with
It realizes that the stable discharging under low pressure small flow rate, discharge mechanism are based on microwave and couple with electron cyclotron, meets satellite without dragging
It drags in control for responding fast demand.Become possibility.
Discharging chamber of the present invention is small, and air pressure is low, realizes the lower thrust lower limit of more existing thruster, leads microsatellite
Realize that small power electric promotes product in domain.It is no longer single to ionize regulating measure, realizes the stable discharging under low pressure small flow rate,
The problem of efficient stable work adjusted on a large scale.Solve asking for microwave transmission difficulty by the microwave unit design of the application
Topic.
The grid microwave unit that the application uses includes one piece and carries super kilovolt screen 13-1 and extract ion beam current
Accelerating grid 13-2 (height of the carried voltage value of screen 13-1 is adjustable), accelerating grid 13-2 load negative potential and draw ion beam current,
Deboost is generated, is provided with dozens of aperture on each grid.Screen 13-1- accelerating grid 13-2 unit collective effect is by plasma
It draws, electronics is prevented to be accelerated away by beam path.
The grid accelerator module 13 includes screen 13-1 and accelerating grid 13-2, wherein the screen 13-1 is defeated close to microwave
Enter the setting of unit 4, and screen 13-1 current potential is positive potential, accelerating grid 13-2 current potential is negative potential.Accelerating grid 13-2 loads negative electricity
Ion beam current is drawn in position, generates deboost, is provided with dozens of aperture on each grid.Screen 13-1- accelerating grid 13-2 unit is total
Same-action draws plasma, and electronics is prevented to be accelerated away by beam path.
The diameter of several second fairlead 13-21 opened up on accelerating grid 13-2 is less than several the opened up on screen 13-1
The diameter of one fairlead 13-11.
The electric current of wound around coil 6 is less than the electric current of wound around coil 6 on outer sleeve 3, and the electricity of two groups of coils 6 on inner sleeve 2
It flows contrary.
Several air vent 12-1 are respectively positioned on the outside setting of outer sleeve 3.
The quantity of several air vents is 20, and is evenly arranged on pedestal.Guarantee gas even into arc chamber.
Arc chamber main body 11 is stainless steel cylinder, and its length is less than or equal to 20mm, and pedestal 12 is steel pedestal 12, interior
Sleeve 2 and outer sleeve 3 are all made of DT4C.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of micro- ox propulsion device of pulse electrical excitation, it is characterised in that: it includes arc chamber (1), inner sleeve (2), outer sleeve
(3), microwave input unit (4) and several air supply units (5), the arc chamber (1) include arc chamber main body (11), are fixed in and put
The pedestal (12) of electric room main body (11) one end and the grid accelerator module (13) for being fixed in arc chamber main body (11) other end, institute
Stating arc chamber main body (11) is cylindrical body structure, coaxially offers through-hole, first annular channel and second on the pedestal (12)
Circular passage, the inner sleeve (2) are plugged in first annular channel and affixed with pedestal (12), and the outer sleeve (3) plugs
It is in the second circular passage and affixed with pedestal (12), it is located on arc chamber (1) external outer wall on each sleeve and is arranged with
Coil (6), it is interior and affixed with pedestal (12) that microwave input unit (4) is plugged in through-hole, and is located on microwave input unit (4) and puts
One end in electric room (1) is coaxially installed with ring shape microwave antenna (41), is also provided with quantity and several confessions on the pedestal (12)
The identical several air vents (12-1) of gas unit (5), and several air supply units (5) are corresponding with arc chamber (1) by several
Air vent (12-1) connection.
2. the micro- ox propulsion device of a kind of pulse electrical excitation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the grid accelerates single
First (13) include screen (13-1) and accelerating grid (13-2), wherein the screen (13-1) is arranged close to microwave input unit (4),
And screen (13-1) current potential is positive potential, accelerating grid (13-2) current potential is negative potential.
3. the micro- ox propulsion device of a kind of pulse electrical excitation according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: on accelerating grid (13-2)
The diameter of several second fairleads (13-21) opened up is less than several first fairleads (13-11) opened up on screen (13-1)
Diameter.
4. the micro- ox propulsion device of a kind of pulse electrical excitation according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that: inner sleeve (2)
The electric current of upper wound around coil (6) is less than the electric current of wound around coil (6) on outer sleeve (3), and the current direction phase of two groups of coils (6)
Instead.
5. the micro- ox propulsion device of a kind of pulse electrical excitation according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: several air vent (12-
1) it is respectively positioned on the outside setting of outer sleeve (3).
6. the micro- ox propulsion device of a kind of pulse electrical excitation according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: several air vents
The quantity of (12-1) is 20, and is evenly arranged on pedestal (12).
7. a kind of according to claim 1, micro- ox propulsion device of pulse electrical excitation described in 2,3,5 or 6, it is characterised in that: electric discharge
Room main body (11) be stainless steel cylinder, and its length be less than or equal to 20mm, pedestal (12) be steel pedestal, inner sleeve (2) with
Outer sleeve (3) is all made of DT4C type soft iron material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910510644.8A CN110145446B (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-06-13 | Pulse electrically-excited micro-cow propulsion device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910510644.8A CN110145446B (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-06-13 | Pulse electrically-excited micro-cow propulsion device |
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| CN110145446B CN110145446B (en) | 2020-05-12 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110985323A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 大连理工大学 | Circular plate antenna crossed magnetic field microwave electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster |
| CN111287922A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dual-frequency dual-antenna small wave ionized ion propulsion device |
| CN111706482A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ion wind thrust device cooperated with microwave |
| CN113279930A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Grid component assembly structure and assembly method of micro ion thruster |
| CN116390320A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-07-04 | 安徽农业大学 | Electron cyclotron resonance discharge device and application |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110145446B (en) | 2020-05-12 |
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