CN110134369B - Random number generator, random number generation method and chip - Google Patents
Random number generator, random number generation method and chip Download PDFInfo
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- CN110134369B CN110134369B CN201910297595.4A CN201910297595A CN110134369B CN 110134369 B CN110134369 B CN 110134369B CN 201910297595 A CN201910297595 A CN 201910297595A CN 110134369 B CN110134369 B CN 110134369B
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- G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
- G06F7/588—Random number generators, i.e. based on natural stochastic processes
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to a random number generator, a random number generation method and a chip. Inputting the low-entropy random number into at least one physical unclonable function, so that the low-entropy random number is enhanced by the at least one physical unclonable function to generate a high-entropy random number, and processing the high-entropy random number in a preset mode by a post-processing module to output a final random number; or, after the low-entropy random number is processed by a post-processing module in a preset mode, the low-entropy random number is input into at least one physical unclonable function for enhancement, and the low-entropy random number is output as a final random number. By implementing the embodiment of the invention, the quality of the random number is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of computer technologies, and in particular, to a random number generator, a random number generating method, and a chip.
Background
Random numbers are widely used in many fields, such as in the field of information security for generating keys, for public key cryptography, digital signatures, and the like. A random number generator is often composed of two parts, one is a random number entropy source and the other is a post-processing module. The random number is random because the entropy source generates a random number with entropy, which determines the quality of the random number. The random number generator in the prior art has no other method for increasing the entropy of random numbers besides an entropy source. Because the related technology of the post-processing module improves the output efficiency of the random number on the premise of not increasing the entropy, the post-processing module cannot increase the entropy of the random number. How to effectively increase the entropy of random numbers, thereby improving the quality of random numbers of a random number generator is a problem to be solved in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a random number generator and a random number generation method, which can effectively improve the quality of random numbers.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a random number generator, including: at least one random number entropy source, a post-processing module and at least one physical unclonable function; wherein, at least one random number entropy source is used for generating low-entropy random numbers; the low-entropy random number is the basis for generating the high-entropy random number; the post-processing module is used for processing the low-entropy random number or the high-entropy random number input into the post-processing module in a preset mode; at least one physical unclonable function for enhancing the low-entropy random number into a high-entropy random number before the post-processing module processes the high-entropy random number in a preset manner to output a final random number; or, the low-entropy random number processing module is used for enhancing the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module after the low-entropy random number is processed in a preset mode by the post-processing module, and outputting the low-entropy random number as a final random number.
Optionally, the entropy sources are a plurality, and the low-entropy random number is generated by any one or more of the plurality of entropy sources.
Optionally, the plurality of physically unclonable functions is a plurality of physically unclonable functions in a parallel architecture, a serial architecture, or a hybrid architecture of parallel and serial.
Optionally, the preset mode includes: exclusive-or operation, parity, von-neumann correction, hash function, fourier transform, shift register approach.
Optionally, the random number generator further includes: the transfer module is used for temporarily storing the random number entropy source, the physical unclonable function and the post-processing module and transmitting the low-entropy random number, the high-entropy random number or the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module; and the storage module is used for receiving and storing the final random number.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides a random number generation method, which comprises the following steps: generating a low-entropy random number by at least one random number entropy source; the low-entropy random number is the basis for generating the high-entropy random number; the processing of the low-entropy random number is any one of the following two ways, the low-entropy random number is input into at least one physical unclonable function, so that the low-entropy random number is enhanced by the at least one physical unclonable function to generate a high-entropy random number, and the high-entropy random number is processed in a preset way by a post-processing module to output a final random number; or, after the low-entropy random number is processed by a post-processing module in a preset mode, the low-entropy random number is input into at least one physical unclonable function for enhancement, and the low-entropy random number is output as a final random number.
Optionally, the entropy sources are a plurality, and the low-entropy random number is generated by any one or more of the plurality of entropy sources.
Optionally, the plurality of physical unclonable functions are multiple, and the plurality of physical unclonable functions are in a parallel architecture, a serial architecture or a hybrid architecture of parallel and serial.
Optionally, the preset mode includes: exclusive-or operation, parity, von-neumann correction, hash function, fourier transform, shift register approach.
Optionally, the method further comprises: temporarily storing the random number entropy source, the physical unclonable function and the post-processing module, and transmitting the low-entropy random number, the high-entropy random number or the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module; and receiving and storing the final random number.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a chip, including an integrated circuit implementing its own function and the random number generator described above.
In the embodiment of the invention, the low-entropy random number is input into at least one physical unclonable function, so that the low-entropy random number is enhanced by the at least one physical unclonable function to generate a high-entropy random number, and the high-entropy random number is processed by a post-processing module in a preset mode to output a final random number; or, after the low-entropy random number is processed by a post-processing module in a preset mode, the low-entropy random number is input into at least one physical unclonable function for enhancement, and the low-entropy random number is output as a final random number. By implementing the embodiment of the invention, the quality of the random number is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a random number generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a random number generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a physical unclonable function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a diagram of another architecture of a physical unclonable function in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for generating random numbers according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method for generating random numbers according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1a, a schematic diagram of a random number generator according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; referring to fig. 1b, another schematic diagram of a random number generator according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
The random number generator 10 comprises at least one random number entropy source 101, at least one physically unclonable function 102, and a post-processing module 103.
The random number entropy source 101 is used to generate low entropy random numbers. The low-entropy random number is the basis for generating the high-entropy random number. The random number entropy source 101 may be circuit noise, frequency instability of an oscillator, cosmic noise, radioactive decay, time of arrival of an IP packet in a computer network, random noise, current second-level clock of a computer, keyboard reaction time, mouse reaction time, process information of an operating system, entanglement of entangled photons, polarization of photons, metastable state circuit, and the like.
Alternatively, the random number entropy source 101 is a set of entropy sources, which may be referred to as an entropy pool, rather than just one entropy source, and may still ensure randomness by integrating or compressing signals provided by multiple entropy sources of the same kind or different kinds, and enhance the entropy of the random number to some extent, and even then, in the embodiment of the present invention, may be referred to as a low entropy random number. The low entropy and the high entropy in the embodiments of the present invention are relative concepts, and although the entropy provided via the entropy pool is already superior to the entropy provided from a single entropy source, there is still room for improvement.
At least one physical unclonable function 102 for enhancing the low-entropy random number into a high-entropy random number before the post-processing module 103 processes the high-entropy random number in a preset manner to output a final random number (as in fig. 1 a); or, after the post-processing module 103 processes the low-entropy random number in a preset manner, the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module 103 is enhanced and outputted as a final random number (as shown in fig. 1 b).
The physical unclonable function 102 in the embodiment of the present invention may be a ring oscillator physical unclonable function, an arbiter physical unclonable function, a burr physical unclonable function, a trigger physical unclonable function, a static random access memory physical unclonable function, or the like, or may be a physical unclonable function based on a coating, a physical unclonable function based on a threshold voltage, a physical unclonable function based on a resistance, or the like.
The post-processing module 103 is configured to process the low-entropy random number (as in the manner of fig. 1 b) or the high-entropy random number (as in the manner of fig. 1 a) input therein in a preset manner. In the manner of fig. 1a, the final random number is generated by the post-processing module 103. In the manner of fig. 1b, the final random number is generated by the physically unclonable function 102.
The post-processing module 103 performs the processing in a predetermined manner including exclusive-or operation, parity check, von neumann correction, hash function, fourier transform, shift register, etc., and may be one or a combination of more of them.
It should be noted that, whether the mode shown in fig. 1b or the mode shown in fig. 1a is adopted, although the signal generated by the single random number entropy source 101 or the signal generated by the entropy pool formed by multiple random number entropy sources 101 of the same kind or different kinds is digitized to generate the low-entropy random number, although not shown in the figure, the random number generator 10 further includes a function of converting an analog signal into a digital signal, and a corresponding functional module to generate the low-entropy random number.
By the embodiment of the invention, two alternative modes are adopted: firstly, entropy enhancing the low-entropy random number by a physical unclonable function, and then generating an output final random number by post-processing; secondly, the low-entropy random number is subjected to post-processing, and then subjected to entropy enhancement by a physical unclonable function, and the final random number is output. By implementing any mode of the embodiment of the invention, the quality of the random number is effectively improved.
Fig. 2a and fig. 2b are schematic diagrams of two different architectures of the physical unclonable function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
To enhance the ability of the physical unclonable function 102 to amplify the random number entropy source 101. The physical unclonable function 102 may be designed to be essentially a collection of multiple physical unclonable functions. Embodiments of the present invention may employ means of federated architecture.
The physical unclonable function 102 is essentially a collection of multiple physical unclonable functions.
In fig. 2a, a parallel architecture is employed. Inputs are simultaneously input into the first to nth physically unclonable functions, n being an integer greater than 1, the physically unclonable functions being in a parallel architecture. Each physically unclonable function increases the entropy of the input and then outputs the result output by each physically unclonable function together. The output results are output, which may be exclusive-or operation or entropy compression set, so as to output a random number with high entropy value. By adopting the architecture, entropy increase can be realized through a plurality of physical unclonable functions.
In fig. 2b, a tandem architecture is employed. The method comprises the steps of inputting input into a first physical unclonable function, generating a first intermediate random number after entropy is increased, inputting the input into a second physical unclonable function, generating a second intermediate random number after entropy is increased, … …, and outputting a result as a random number with a high entropy value after entropy is increased by an nth physical unclonable function, wherein n is an integer larger than 1. By adopting the architecture, after a certain intermediate random number is generated, whether the random number reaches the design target of the random number can be detected, if the random number reaches the target, the intermediate random number is directly output as the high-entropy random number meeting the requirements, so that other physical unclonable functions can be omitted from continuing to participate in the work, and the time and resources are saved.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first to nth physically unclonable functions 102 may also adopt a parallel-serial hybrid architecture according to the need, which is not described here again.
It can be understood that whichever architecture is adopted, the input is the low-entropy random number in the foregoing embodiment, or the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module 103.
Although shown in the figure, the random number generator 10 may optionally further include a relay module for temporarily storing the random number entropy source 101, the physical unclonable function 102, and the post-processing module 103, and transmitting the low-entropy random number, the high-entropy random number, or the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module; the relay module may also take on the task of temporarily storing and relaying intermediate random numbers when the physical unclonable function 102 adopts a tandem architecture.
The random number generator 10 may further comprise a storage module for receiving and storing said final random number. Of course, in some alternative embodiments, the task of storing the final random number may also be performed by the relay module.
By the embodiment of the invention, a more efficient architecture can be adopted to generate high-quality random numbers, and the architecture design is flexible.
Referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4, two embodiments of a method for generating random numbers according to an embodiment of the invention are shown.
In the embodiment corresponding to fig. 3, the method includes: s301, generating a low-entropy random number through at least one random number entropy source; s302, inputting the low-entropy random number into at least one physical unclonable function, so that the low-entropy random number is enhanced by the at least one physical unclonable function to generate a high-entropy random number; s303, processing the high-entropy random number through a post-processing module in a preset mode to output a final random number. In the embodiment corresponding to fig. 4, the method includes: s401, generating low-entropy random numbers through at least one random number entropy source; s402, processing the low-entropy random number in a preset mode through a post-processing module; s403, inputting the low-entropy random number processed in the preset mode into at least one physical unclonable function for enhancement, and outputting the low-entropy random number as a final random number. The two embodiments belong to an overall conception, and only the order of the physical unclonable function and the post-processing module in the flow is adjusted.
The following can be used in common with the embodiments of fig. 3 and 4. Optionally, the entropy sources are a plurality, and the low-entropy random number is generated by any one or more of the plurality of entropy sources. Optionally, the plurality of physical unclonable functions are multiple, and the plurality of physical unclonable functions are in a parallel architecture, a serial architecture or a hybrid architecture of parallel and serial. Optionally, the preset mode in the preset mode processing includes: exclusive-or operation, parity, von-neumann correction, hash function, fourier transform, shift register approach. Optionally, the method further comprises: temporarily storing the random number entropy source, the physical unclonable function and the post-processing module, and transmitting the low-entropy random number, the high-entropy random number or the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module; and receiving and storing the final random number. It will be appreciated that the method embodiments correspond to and are executed by the random number generator embodiments described above, and are not described in detail herein.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the random number with higher quality can be generated, and the architecture design is more flexible and efficient.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a chip which comprises an integrated circuit for realizing the function of the chip and the random number generator. The type of chip may be any chip that integrates a random number generator, such as a secure smart card chip, a cryptographic chip, or a general purpose processor chip, etc.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium in an apparatus, terminal or device, and the storage medium may include: flash disk, read-Only Memory (ROM), random-access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic or optical disk, and the like.
The sequence of the steps of the method according to the embodiment of the present invention may be adjusted, combined or deleted according to actual needs, and the sequence is not limited. The sequence adjustment, the combination or the deletion of the steps are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
It can be understood that the description of the modules in the random number generator according to the embodiment of the present invention is an example, but specific implementations may be integrated, further divided or pruned according to actual needs, and any integration, division or pruned should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The random number generator, the random number sounding method and the chip disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principles and the implementation of the present invention, and the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention, but not limit the scope of the present invention. Also, it is within the scope of the present invention to provide those skilled in the art with modifications in the detailed description and the application range of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A random number generator, comprising: at least one random number entropy source, a post-processing module and at least one physical unclonable function; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
at least one random number entropy source for generating low entropy random numbers; the low-entropy random number is the basis for generating the high-entropy random number;
the post-processing module is used for processing the low-entropy random number or the high-entropy random number input into the post-processing module in a preset mode;
at least one physical unclonable function for enhancing the low-entropy random number into a high-entropy random number before the post-processing module processes the high-entropy random number in a preset manner to output a final random number; or, after the post-processing module processes the low-entropy random number in a preset manner, enhancing the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module, and outputting the low-entropy random number as a final random number;
the physical unclonable functions are multiple, and the physical unclonable functions are in a parallel structure, a serial structure or a mixed structure of parallel connection and serial connection.
2. The random number generator of claim 1, wherein said entropy sources are a plurality and said low entropy random numbers are generated by any one or more of a plurality of said entropy sources.
3. The random number generator of claim 1, wherein the predetermined pattern comprises:
exclusive-or operation, parity, von-neumann correction, hash function, fourier transform, shift register approach.
4. The random number generator of claim 1, further comprising:
the transfer module is used for temporarily storing the random number entropy source, the physical unclonable function and the post-processing module and transmitting the low-entropy random number, the high-entropy random number or the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module;
and the storage module is used for receiving and storing the final random number.
5. A chip comprising an integrated circuit that performs the function of the chip and a random number generator, the random number generator comprising:
generating a low-entropy random number by at least one random number entropy source; the low-entropy random number is the basis for generating the high-entropy random number;
the processing of the low entropy random numbers is either of two ways,
inputting the low-entropy random number into at least one physical unclonable function, so that the low-entropy random number is enhanced by the at least one physical unclonable function to generate a high-entropy random number, and processing the high-entropy random number by a post-processing module in a preset mode to output a final random number; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
the low-entropy random number is processed in a preset mode through a post-processing module and then is input into at least one physical unclonable function for enhancement, and the low-entropy random number is output as a final random number;
the physical unclonable functions are multiple, and the physical unclonable functions are in a parallel structure, a serial structure or a mixed structure of parallel connection and serial connection.
6. The chip of claim 5, wherein said entropy sources are a plurality and said low entropy random numbers are generated by any one or more of a plurality of said entropy sources.
7. The chip of claim 5, wherein the preset manner comprises: exclusive-or operation, parity, von-neumann correction, hash function, fourier transform, shift register approach.
8. The chip of claim 5, further comprising: temporarily storing the random number entropy source, the physical unclonable function and the post-processing module, and transmitting the low-entropy random number, the high-entropy random number or the low-entropy random number processed by the post-processing module; and receiving and storing the final random number.
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