CN110133649A - Inverse synthetic aperture radar image coding modulation method based on phase modulation surface - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an inverse synthetic aperture radar image modulation method based on a coded phase modulation surface, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: establishing and using a phase modulation surface model; step two: modulation waveform coding principle; step three: ISAR image modulation method; step four: and generating a modulation target image. The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, an ISAR image modulation method based on a coding PSS is innovatively provided, and the application of the PSS is expanded. Secondly, compared with the active intermittent sampling and under-sampling ISAR image modulation method, the method can form a highly-vivid target image and simultaneously reduce the requirement on reconnaissance precision and huge calculation burden. Thirdly, the target amplitude envelope generated by the invention is more flexible, and the modulation performance of the target amplitude envelope is improved due to the uncertainty of coding.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention provides the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar image code modulating methods based on phase-modulation surface, belong to
ISAR image modulation field.A kind of time-modulation phase-modulation surface action is specifically utilized in radar incoming signal, passes through
Control reflection signal phase makes target image required for generating on Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar image, can be used for radar school
It tests, the fields such as radar chaff.
[background technique]
Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, ISAR) has round-the-clock, whole day
Wait the high-resolution imaging ability to mobile target.In order to avoid target is detected and identified by ISAR system, largely about ISAR
The research of interference is carried out, and wherein the target signature modulation on ISAR image has become one and very crucial asks
Topic.
Active mode is mainly utilized in traditional ISAR image modulation technology, by modulator forward signal to enemy
Radar, to realize the effect of target signature transformation on ISAR image.Based on digital frequency memory technique (Digital Radio
Frequency Memory, DRFM) intermittent sampling and undersampled image modulation technique due to transmitting signal high coherence
And high two-dimensional process gain can be obtained, which greatly reduce the requirements to generation signal power, therefore receive extensive
Concern.In order to simulate the Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics of real goal, Digital image synthesis (Digital Image Synthesis, DIS)
True target features modulates information to signal is obscured to radar system with scattered wave modulation technique and waste radar is limited
Resource.However DIS technology need to extract amplitude and the doppler information of each scattering point of target template with to forward signal not
With processing unit carry out accurately amplitude and phase modulate, scattered wave modulation technique need to accurately acquire target, radar and
The positional relationship of modulator, this just proposes very harsh requirement to scouting precision and calculation amount.Meanwhile being based on periodic modulation
The target amplitude envelope of generation is relatively fixed, and false bait is still greater than in target image intensity, these phenomenons are all unfavorable for adjusting
The effect of system.
Passive images modulation does not emit signal actively, but is generated by the passive equipment such as corner reflector, chaff false
Echo, strong clutter echo weaken reflection echo to destroy scouting and strike of the radar to target, and it greatly reduces certainly
The risk of body exposure.Meanwhile passive modulation has by the scattering properties of protection target and can be to ISAR system real-time response.But
It is once completed the process, it is difficult to realize variation in real time, it can not carry out complexity regulation to echo.
Phase-modulation surface (Phase Switched Screen, PSS) is used as a kind of New Type Radar absorbing material, simultaneously
Inreal electromagnetic wave absorption energy, but by way of applying phase-modulation to incident electromagnetic wave, so that it is reflected the frequency of signal
Spectrum is fallen within except entire receiver bandwidth so that it cannot be detected.In recent years, when the frequency spectrum of reflection signal falls within entire reception
Matching through period PSS modulation linearity FM signal (Linear Frequency Modulation, LFM) when within machine bandwidth
Filtering characteristic has been studied, and it is equally effective when modulating LFM radar which demonstrate PSS.
The present invention proposes a kind of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar image modulation based on encoding phase modulation surface based on this
Method.This method uses the target bait made by PSS or PSS is affixed on by protection target to apply to radar appearance
Add phase-modulation, the target image of high fidelity is generated after ISAR system is received and handled, while generating the amplitude packet of target
Network has obtained flexible control.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention proposes a kind of based on encoding phase modulation table for deficiency existing for existing ISAR image modulation method
The Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar image modulation method in face.Its core concept is that passive electromagnetic material is utilized to compile radar return
Code modulation, so that generating the target image of high fidelity on ISAR image.
For the process for realizing above-mentioned ISAR image modulation, the present invention is based on the inverse synthetic aperture thunders on encoding phase modulation surface
Up to image modulation method, include the following steps:
Step 1: the model foundation and use on phase-modulation surface
Phase-modulation surface is made of active impedance layer, dielectric layer and conductor backboard, the structural parameters one of various pieces
As set according to expected interference radar parameter.In practical applications, phase-modulation surface can be affixed on objective of defense surface or
It is fabricated to target bait.
Step 2: modulation waveform cryptoprinciple
Believed by the way that+1 and -1 modulation in such a way that switch is automatically controlled, can be generated to active impedance layer on phase-modulation surface
Number.The present invention first carries out coded modulation to a bit of signal, then carries out periodic modulation to the encoded signal again, generates tune with this
Waveform processed.
Step 3: ISAR image modulation method
ISAR image modulation is to apply phase-modulation to it in radar emission signal using phase-modulation surface action, should
Process is equivalent to be multiplied with modulated signal p (t) with ISAR transmitting signal s (t), i.e. modulated signal r (t)=s (t) p (t).
Step 4: modulation target image generates
Modulated signal is through ISAR signal processing system, its fast time carries out solution linear frequency modulation processing first, then compensates it
Residual video phase item, to compression processing is carried out, and then carries out correction of walking about to its envelope, finally to orientation to its distance
Carrying out Fourier transformation can be obtained the target image of generation.
Wherein, detailed process is as follows for the step 2: modulation waveform is first by the sequence of symhols b of the wide τ of code, yardage Kk∈
{+1, -1 } it modulates, then the sequence is by periodic modulation；Modulated signal can be expressed as
Wherein, k is the serial number of symbol, and n represents the order of harmonic assembly,Convolution is represented, δ () is impulse function, when |
T/ τ | rect (t/ τ)=1 when < 0.5, otherwise rect (t/ τ)=0；
By Fourier transformation, spectrum modulation signal is expressed as
Range coefficient anIt is represented by
As n=0, frequency spectrum output is a0=| 2 α1- 1 |, wherein duty cycle alpha1=K1/ K, K1For+1 coding in coded sequence
Quantity.Meanwhile Δ f=1/K τ is divided into frequency spectrum between each harmonic assembly；According to the analysis for frequency spectrum, signal p (t) can
Again it is expressed as
The present invention is based on the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar image modulation method on encoding phase modulation surface, beneficial effect is:
First, the ISAR image modulation method based on coding PSS is innovatively proposed, the application of PSS has been expanded.
Second, relative to active intermittent sampling and lack sampling ISAR image modulation method, the present invention is being capable of forming height
Reduce the requirement and huge computation burden to precision is scouted while target image true to nature.
Third, the target amplitude envelope that the present invention generates is more flexible, and modulating performance will due to the uncertainty of coding
It gets a promotion.
[Detailed description of the invention]
Fig. 1 a-1b is PSS structure chart, and wherein Fig. 1 a is PSS model schematic, and Fig. 1 b is PSS modulation principle.
Fig. 2 PSS modulation signals waveform.
Fig. 3 a-3d is PSS modulation signals frequency spectrum, and wherein Fig. 3 a is τ=1.25ns, α1=0.5, bk
={+1+1+1+1-1-1-1-1 }, Fig. 3 b are τ=1.25ns, α1=0.5, bk
={+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1 }, Fig. 3 c are τ=1.25ns, α1=0.625, bk
={+1+1+1+1-1+1-1-1 }, Fig. 3 d are τ=2.5ns, α1=0.5, bk
={+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1 }.
Fig. 4 a-4b is Yak-42 aircraft ISAR image, and wherein Fig. 4 a is high-resolution distance to Fig. 4 b is two dimensional image.
Fig. 5 a-5h is ISAR imaging results of the one-dimensional distance to modulation, Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b point under different PSS modulation parameters
It Wei not the μ of τ=0.1 s, α1=0.5, bkHigh-resolution distance under={+1+1+1+1-1-1-1-1 } parameter to and two dimensional image, Fig. 5 c
It is respectively the μ of τ=0.1 s, α with Fig. 5 d1=0.5, bkHigh-resolution distance under={+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1 } parameter to and two dimension
Image, Fig. 5 e and Fig. 5 f are respectively the μ of τ=0.2 s, α1=0.5, bkHigh-resolution distance under={+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1 } parameter
To and two dimensional image, Fig. 5 g and Fig. 5 h be respectively the μ of τ=0.1 s, α1=0.625, bkUnder={+1+1+1+1-1+1-1-1 } parameter
High-resolution distance to and two dimensional image.
Fig. 6 a-6b is the ISAR imaging results of the two-dimensional modulation under different PSS modulation parameters, and wherein Fig. 6 a is the μ of τ=0.1
s,α1=0.5, τm=0.1ms, α2=0.5, L=4, bk={+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1 }, cl={+1-1-1+1 }, Fig. 6 b are τ
=0.1 μ s, α1=0.5, τm=0.1ms, α2=0.67, L=3, bk={+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1 }, cl={+1-1+1 }.
Fig. 7 is the method for the present invention flow diagram.
[specific embodiment]
Method for a better understanding of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to technical solution of the present invention do into
One step explanation.
As shown in fig. 7, the present invention is based on the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar image code modulating methods on phase-modulation surface, specifically
Steps are as follows:
Step 1: the model foundation and use on phase-modulation surface
Phase-modulation surface is made of active impedance layer, dielectric layer and conductor backboard.As shown in Figure 1a, active impedance layer is
Be made of two-dimension periodic cellular construction, each cellular construction is connected by PIN diode, PIN diode resistance value by with two partially
Set the connected driving source control of line.In the case where excitation is not added, a higher Microwave Impedance, unit is presented in PIN diode
Structure is an open electric circuit, is equivalent to a high impedance Equivalent Surface at this time, is totally reflected to electromagnetic wave.On the contrary, swashing applying
In the case where encouraging, active impedance layer is equivalent to a low-resistance resistance to surface, and electromagnetic wave will be all through its body structure surface.
Assuming that the electromagnetic wave normal incidence of frequency w wavelength X, the dielectric constant of PSS dielectric layer is 1, with a thickness of λ/4 d=.Such as
Shown in Fig. 1 b, when active impedance layer is in full resistance state, incident electromagnetic wave, which encounters active impedance layer, to be completely reflected, can table
It is shown as cos (wt).After changing active impedance layer state, incidence wave can then pass through active impedance layer, send out after encountering conductor backboard
Raw full transmitting, back wave can be expressed as cos (wt+2 β d)=- cos (wt) at this time, and wherein β=2 π/λ, 2 β d represent adjacent two
Relative phase difference between beam reflection echo.Therefore, if active impedance layer state under the control of a certain modulation function is (complete
Resistance and all-pass two states) it is continual switch, then reflection signal show as the form by phase-modulation.
Step 2: modulation waveform cryptoprinciple
Modulation waveform is first by the sequence of symhols b of the wide τ of code, yardage Kk∈ {+1, -1 } modulation, then the sequence is by period tune
System, as shown in Figure 2.Modulated signal can be expressed as
Wherein, k is the serial number of symbol, and n represents the order of harmonic assembly,Convolution is represented, δ () is impulse function, when |
T/ τ | rect (t/ τ)=1 when < 0.5, otherwise rect (t/ τ)=0.
By Fourier transformation, spectrum modulation signal is expressed as
Range coefficient anIt is represented by
As n=0, frequency spectrum output is a0=| 2 α1- 1 |, wherein duty cycle alpha1=K1/ K, K1For+1 coding in coded sequence
Quantity.Meanwhile Δ f=1/K τ is divided into frequency spectrum between each harmonic assembly.According to the analysis for frequency spectrum, signal p (t) can
Again it is expressed as
Assuming that PSS encoded signal parameter is as follows: τ=1.25ns, α1=0.5, K=8and bk={+1+1+1+1-1-1-1-
1 }, this process is equivalent to PSS periodic modulation, and spectrum harmonics amplitude envelops obey sinc distribution, and even-order harmonic component amplitude is
0, as shown in Figure 3a.The sequence of symhols for updating PSS coding is bk={+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1 }, frequency spectrum is as shown in Figure 3b,
Apparent variation has occurred in the amplitude distribution of harmonic assembly.When PSS modulation parameter is α1=0.625, bk={+1+1+1+1-1+1-
1-1 } when, the zeroth order component of harmonic wave occurs, as shown in Figure 3c.It is τ=2.5ns, α that Fig. 3 d, which gives PSS modulation parameter,1=0.5,
bkThe frequency spectrum of={+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1 } signal, the as can be seen from the figure spacing of the two harmonic assemblies increase wide with code
And it reduces.
Step 3: ISAR image modulation method
Assuming that ISAR transmitting carrier frequency f0, bandwidth B, pulsewidth TP, pulse recurrence interval T, frequency modulation rate Kr=B/TPLFM letter
Number, it is represented by
The wherein fast timeRepresent the time delay for receiving signal, the distance of corresponding ISAR image is to slow time tmShow pulse hair
The moment is penetrated, the orientation of ISAR image is corresponded to,It is full-time corresponding, k1Nonnegative integer.
Modulating scatterer is the complex target being made of PSS, it is assumed that PSS coded modulation is carried out in the fast time.Total
Image modulation can be equivalent to the sum of all scattering point modulation in target.Assuming that a target has I scattering point, modulated signal can
To be represented as
Wherein RiT is scattered in for i-thmThe distance at moment, σiThe scattering coefficient scattered for i-th, c represent electromagnetic wave
Spread speed.In order to implement two-dimensional modulation to ISAR image, then PSS carries out coding tune in fast time and slow time to signal simultaneously
System, slow time coding signal can be expressed as
Wherein, m is the order of harmonic assembly,τmWide for code, L is yardage.
Modulated signal is updated at this time
Step 4: modulation target image generates
After modulated signal reaches ISAR system, imaging can be passed through.In ISAR system, solution linear frequency modulation is a kind of normal
Mode is being realized high-resolution while greatly reducing radar by carrying out pulse pressure processing to different delays LFM signal
Bandwidth requirement.Solve linear frequency modulation the time is constant, the consistent LFM signal of carrier frequency, frequency modulation rate is as reference signal and receives signal
Carry out Frequency mixing processing.Assuming that reference distance is Rref, then reference signal can be expressed as
After by solution linear frequency modulation and compensating its residual video phase item, the modulated signal of one-dimensional range profile modulation can be indicated
For
In formula (10), second exp () function item changes with the change of fast time, it is the base of Range compress
Plinth.Third exp () function item reflects the Doppler frequency shift of different pulse times, is used to obtain ISAR image orientation
To high-resolution.First item exp () function sum term represent PSS to LFM signal the fast time frequency modulation(PFM).
Fourier transformation is carried out to formula (10) in the fast time and compensates its range walk, in the high-resolution distance of distance domain
To can be expressed as
WhereinN=± 1, ± 2 ..., ± N is order of the distance to target.The slow time to formula (11) into
Row Fourier transformation simultaneously converts it to distance domain, and two-dimentional image table is shown as
Wherein v is target velocity, KaFor orientation frequency modulation rate, TLFor accumulated time, f is imagedidFor the more of i-th scattering point
General Le frequency.
In view of a scattering point in target is capable of forming a series of point target in different distance unit, each
Point target corresponds to a peak sinc.When scattering points all in target are modulated simultaneously, the point target of generation is in ISAR image
Upper superposition is upwardly formed the target image of high fidelity in distance.
According to formula (12), i-th of scattering point of n-th order price-list is in distance to positioned at Rr=-(cn/2KrKτ+Rref/
2-Ri/ 2), therefore the spacing of two adjacent targets is
Particularly, zeroth order target does not occur because working as duty cycle alpha1A when=0.50=0.In order to immiscible to generating in distance
Folded target image, modulating frequency need to meet Δ Rr>Lr, wherein LrIt is distance to the length of real goal.Therefore, yardage K and
The wide τ of code needs to meet
According to formula (12), the range coefficient of i-th of scattering point of n rank target is An=σiTpTLan, therefore work as σiTpTLFor
Target amplitude coefficient is proportional to PSS range coefficient when constant.Due to the non-intellectual of coded sequence, the amplitude in formula (3) is modulated
Coefficient is by the modulating performance of improvement method.
When PSS applies two-dimensional modulation, modulated signal its two-dimentional image table after identical treatment process is shown as
Wherein,M=± 1, ± 2 ..., ± M is orientation target order, BmFor doppler bandwidth.It generates
Two dimensional image be equivalent to the distance of generation and redistributed to target along orientation.It is similar, between two adjacent target of orientation
Every being expressed as
Meanwhile in orientation in order to preferably differentiate two adjacent targets, modulation parameter needs to meet Δ Ra>La, that is to say, that
Wherein LaFor the length of orientation real goal.According to formula (15), the range coefficient direct ratio of (n, m) rank target
In anam.Particularly, the range coefficient of (0,0) rank is proportional to
A (0,0)=| (2 α1-1)(2α2-1)| (18)
Wherein α2The modulation duty cycle between arteries and veins.As n/K τ > B or m/L τm>Bm, distance to or orientation be not present mesh
Mark.So the maximum target number on image is
In order to further prove effectiveness of the invention, the Yak-42 model aircraft of 330 scattering points is used for imitating
Very.Radar using 10GHz carrier frequency, 500MHz bandwidth, 100 μ s pulsewidths, the pulse recurrence interval 1ms LFM signal, total imaging
Integration time is 0.256s.Solution linear frequency modulation algorithm be applied to high-resolution distance to reconstruct, conventional fast Fourier calculates
Method is used to reconstruct orientation high-resolution profile.The high-resolution distance of original object to two dimensional image such as Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b institute
Show, a model aircraft is located at scene center, and in distance to about 35m, orientation is about 30m.
Fig. 5 a-5h present different PSS parameters modulation under high-resolution distance to and two dimensional image.In Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b
In, the multiple target figure through PSS periodic modulation is presented as the μ of τ=0.1 s, α1=0.5, K=8, bk={+1+1+1+1-1-1-1-
1 }, the target high-resolution distance of generation is to similar with two-dimentional multi-Target Image and real goal height, and real goal is difficult at this time
By enemy ISAR system detection and identification.But the amplitude envelops of target obey sinc distribution and low order target amplitude is always big
In high-order target amplitude, this is unfavorable for the effect of modulation.
Fig. 5 c and Fig. 5 d give the coding modulated multi-Target Image of PSS, it can be seen that the target pair generated in figure
Be distributed in locations of real targets and adjacent high-resolution distance to the mutual spacing of center be referred to as 40m.When coded sequence is
bkThe amplitude envelops of={+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1 }, target are changed, and the amplitude of second order target is greater than single order target
Amplitude.According to formula (14), code is wide and yardage needs to meet τ < 0.857 × 10 K-6Just it is avoided that the target for generating aliasing,
In Fig. 5 e and Fig. 5 f, τ=1.6 × 10 K-6, therefore aliasing has occurred in the multiple target generated, the profile of target is difficult to.Fig. 5 g
Duty cycle alpha is given with Fig. 5 h1=0.625, sequence of symhols bkImage after the modulation of={+1+1+1+1-1+1-1-1 }, because of width
Spend coefficient a0=| 2 α1- 1 | ≠ 0, so zeroth order target occurs.
Fig. 6 a-6b gives the imaging results after two-dimensional modulation.In Fig. 6 a, two-dimentional multiple target is symmetrically dispersed in really
Target position is the μ of τ=0.1 s, α when two-dimensional encoded PSS modulation parameter1=0.5, τm=0.1ms, α2=0.5, L=4, bk=+
1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1},cl={+1-1-1+1 }.When modulation parameter becomes α2=0.67, L=3, cl={+1-1+1 } is adjacent
The spacing of target is changed and orientation zeroth order target occurs, as shown in Figure 6 b.Compared to one-dimensional modulation, two-dimensional modulation
Multi-Target Image has less interfering energy and more destination numbers, this is consistent with theory analysis.
To sum up analyze, this patent propose based on encoding phase modulation surface modulator approach position can be generated, amplitude can
The multiple target ISAR image of control, it was demonstrated that the validity of mentioned method of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar image modulation method based on encoding phase modulation surface, it is characterised in that: this method
Include the following steps:
Step 1: the model foundation and use on phase-modulation surface
Phase-modulation surface is made of active impedance layer, dielectric layer and conductor backboard, and the structural parameters of various pieces are according to pre-
Phase interferes radar parameter setting；Phase-modulation surface is affixed on objective of defense surface or is fabricated to target bait；
Step 2: modulation waveform cryptoprinciple
Phase-modulation surface is by such a way that switch is automatically controlled, generating+1 and -1 modulated signal to active impedance layer；It is first right
A bit of signal carries out coded modulation, then carries out periodic modulation to the encoded signal again, generates modulation waveform with this；
Step 3: ISAR image modulation method
ISAR image modulation is to apply phase-modulation to it, the process in radar emission signal using phase-modulation surface action
It is equivalent to be multiplied with modulated signal p (t) with ISAR transmitting signal s (t), i.e. modulated signal r (t)=s (t) p (t)；
Step 4: modulation target image generates
Modulated signal is through ISAR signal processing system, its fast time carries out solution linear frequency modulation processing first, then compensates its remnants
Video phase item, to compression processing is carried out, and then carries out correction of walking about to its envelope to its distance, finally carries out to orientation
The target image of generation can be obtained in Fourier transformation.
2. the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar image modulation method according to claim 1 based on encoding phase modulation surface,
Be characterized in that: detailed process is as follows for the step 2: modulation waveform is first by the sequence of symhols b of the wide τ of code, yardage Kk∈{+
1, -1 } it modulates, then the sequence is by periodic modulation；Modulated signal can be expressed as
Wherein, k is the serial number of symbol, and n represents the order of harmonic assembly,Convolution is represented, δ () is impulse function, when | t/ τ | <
Rect (t/ τ)=1 when 0.5, otherwise rect (t/ τ)=0；
By Fourier transformation, spectrum modulation signal is expressed as
Range coefficient anIt is represented by
As n=0, frequency spectrum output is a0=| 2 α1- 1 |, wherein duty cycle alpha1=K1/ K, K1For the number of+1 coding in coded sequence
Amount；Meanwhile Δ f=1/K τ is divided into frequency spectrum between each harmonic assembly；According to the analysis for frequency spectrum, signal p (t) can be again
It is expressed as
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