CN110125158B - Method for treating heavy metal pollution in soil by low-level leaching and high-level extraction technology - Google Patents
Method for treating heavy metal pollution in soil by low-level leaching and high-level extraction technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating heavy metal pollution in soil by using a low-order leaching high-order extraction technology, which comprises the following steps: constructing a bagged sand well, paving a clay working cushion layer on the ground surface, arranging an eluent tube in the sand well, arranging a vacuum filter tube in the vertical direction of the working cushion layer, excavating a groove, paving a plastic film on the upper part of the working cushion layer, forming holes at the positions of the eluent tube and the vacuum filter tube on the plastic film, preparing a carbon dioxide eluent and introducing the eluent tube, controlling the flow of the carbon dioxide and simultaneously starting the vacuum system, controlling the vacuum degree and the eluent introduction time, and controlling the vacuum extraction time. The leaching process and the extraction process are carried out simultaneously, the carbon dioxide diffuses upwards, the soil range for forming the bicarbonate can be accelerated and expanded, the leaching treatment is more sufficient, the heavy metal salts in the mellow soil layer cannot migrate downwards under the migration effect of vacuum pressure, and the heavy metal salts can be effectively prevented from polluting underground water and soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil treatment, and particularly relates to a method for treating heavy metal pollution in soil by using a low-position leaching and high-position extraction technology.
Background
With the development and utilization of mineral resources in large quantities, the rapid development of industrial production and the wide use of various chemical products, pesticides and chemical fertilizers, pollutants containing heavy metals enter the environment through various ways, and the heavy metal pollution of soil, especially farmland soil, is increasingly serious. At present, the soil of various countries in the world has different degrees of pollution, and Hg is about 1.5 multiplied by 104t, Cu is about 340 ten thousand t, Pb is about 500 ten thousand t, Mn is about 1500 ten thousand t and Ni is about 100 t which are discharged in the world on average each year. In europe, there are millions of hectares in heavy metal contaminated farmlands; the farmland area polluted by Cd, Cu, As and the like in Japan is 7224 hm2. At present, the cultivated land area polluted by Cd, Hg, As, Cr and Pb in China is about 2000 x 104 hm2The grain lost due to heavy metal pollution is about 1000 multiplied by 104t every year, the polluted grain is as much as 1200 multiplied by 104t, and the economic loss is at least 200 multiplied by 108 yuan.
At present, the technology for remedying the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil by various countries in the world mainly comprises physical, chemical, biological, agricultural and ecological technologies, combined remediation technologies and the like.
Physical repair technique
The physical repair technology mainly comprises engineering measures (soil replacement, soil replacement and deep ploughing and turning) and thermal desorption. The engineering measures have the advantages of thoroughness and stability, but the engineering quantity is large, the investment is high, the soil body structure is easy to damage, the soil fertility is reduced, and the polluted soil needs to be treated in a centralized manner in order to avoid secondary pollution. Therefore, the method is only suitable for repairing the severely polluted soil with small area; thermal desorption is a method for heating polluted soil and desorbing some volatile heavy metals such As Hg, As, Se and the like from the soil, and the method has the advantages of simple process, high energy consumption and high operation cost, is only suitable for volatile pollutants, and the desorbed gas needs to be collected and treated.
Chemical repair technique
Chemical repair techniques include electrokinetic repair, leaching techniques, and stabilization/solidification repair techniques.
The electric restoration is to apply direct current voltage to two sides of the polluted soil to form electric field gradient, heavy metal pollutants in the soil are brought to two ends of an electrode in an electric field effect in a mode of electromigration, electroosmotic flow or electrophoresis, and then concentrated collection treatment is carried out, so that the soil is cleaned. The method is particularly suitable for clay and silt with low permeability, and can control the flowing direction of pollutants. At present, some exploratory work has been carried out on the aspects of cell body design, electric process and mechanism thereof, model establishment and the like. The electric restoration is an in-situ restoration technology, can remove heavy metals and organic pollutants simultaneously, does not stir the soil layer, is simple to operate, has high treatment efficiency, is an economical and feasible restoration technology, and easily causes the change of the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The electric restoration efficiency is probably caused by the adsorption of soil surface particles to pollutants and H at two ends of the electrode+(Positive electrode) and OH-The (negative) aggregation effect is reduced. Since acid and alkali may cause changes in the physicochemical properties of soil, additives such as chelating agents, complexing agents, surfactants, and oxidation/reduction agents (H) are added2O2、NaMnO4、KMnO4、Fe0) So that the heavy metal and the compound form stable and soluble compounds in a wider pH range, and the aim of efficiently removing the heavy metal in the soil is fulfilled by enhancing the migration of the heavy metal. Researches show that the electric method has the advantages of good removal effect, high economic benefit and the like, and simultaneously has a plurality of defects, such as reverse seepage phenomenon caused by system acidification, easy precipitation phenomenon in an alkaline zone, and certain soilDifficult to resolve contaminants, etc.
The soil leaching technique comprises adding water or chelating agent (citric acid, EDTA, DTPA, EDDS) containing washing auxiliary agent, and acid/alkali solution (H)2SO4、HNO3) And (3) eluting and cleaning the pollutants in the soil by injecting an eluting agent such as complexing agent (acetic acid, ammonium acetate, cyclodextrin) and surfactant) (APG, SDS, SDBS, DDT and rhamnolipid) into the polluted soil or sediment. The key of the technology is to find an eluent which can extract heavy metals in various forms and does not damage the soil structure. The study showed that 0.1 mol. L-1The removal rates of HCl as an eluting agent to Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are respectively 92%, 77%, 79% and 75%; the common artificial chelating agent, such as Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), can achieve ideal leaching effects on Pb and Cd. A large number of engineering practices show that the soil leaching technology is a quick and efficient method. The soil remediation effect is poor for the soil with heavy geological viscosity and poor permeability. The high-efficiency eluting agent is expensive, and the eluting waste liquid can cause secondary pollution to soil and underground water. At present, the soil leaching technology capable of being applied in a large scale and the complete equipment development are relatively lagged, and further improvement and perfection are urgently needed.
The soil stabilization/solidification remediation technology refers to a remediation technology that fixes harmful pollutants in soil by a physical or chemical method, or converts the pollutants into a chemically inactive form to prevent the pollutants from moving, diffusing and the like in the environment, thereby reducing the toxic degree of the pollutants. Common curing agents fall into 4 categories: inorganic binding substances (such as cement, lime, etc.), organic binders (such as thermoplastic materials like asphalt), thermosetting organic polymers (such as urea, phenolics, epoxies, etc.), vitreous substances. Chemical fixation is mainly achieved by adding chemical agents or materials and utilizing the fact that insoluble or poorly mobile and less toxic substances are formed between the chemical agents or materials and heavy metals, so that the bioavailability and the mobility of the chemical agents or materials in soil are reduced. A large number of modifying materials, such as various metal oxides, clay minerals, organic materials, polymeric materials, and biomaterials, have been used. The key point of the technology is to find the modifier which is low in price and environment-friendly. The stable/solidified soil restoration technology is in-situ restoration, is simple and feasible, but is not a permanent restoration measure, and because the existing form of heavy metal is only changed, heavy metal elements still remain in the soil and are easy to reactivate to generate secondary pollution.
Bioremediation technique
Bioremediation refers to a biological measure for realizing environmental purification and ecological effect restoration by utilizing specific organisms to absorb, convert, clear or degrade environmental pollutants, and mainly comprises phytoremediation, microbial remediation and animal remediation. The method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, no secondary pollution, good treatment effect, large-area popularization and application and the like, and has great attention on mechanism research and application prospects.
Plant volatilization is to utilize plant roots to absorb metals and convert the metals into gaseous substances to volatilize into the atmosphere so as to reduce soil pollution, but is easy to cause secondary pollution. The microorganism remediation is to reduce the heavy metal pollution degree by utilizing the adsorption or conversion of active microorganisms to heavy metals into low-toxicity products. However, microorganisms are small and difficult to separate from soil, and they compete with indigenous strains on the restoration site. The agricultural ecological restoration mainly comprises two aspects: the first is an agronomic remediation measure. Secondly, ecological restoration. The technology is mature, the cost is low, the disturbance to the soil environment is small, the repair cycle is long, and the effect is not obvious.
Combined repair technique
Currently, the most studied combination techniques include bio-combination techniques, physicochemical combination techniques, and physicochemical-bio combination techniques. The technology mostly stays in a laboratory research stage, and the technical means is immature.
The above prior art has the following disadvantages;
1. high energy consumption and high operation cost
2. Soil leaching technology capable of being applied in large scale and relative lag of complete equipment development
3. Easy reactivation to produce secondary pollution
4. Long repairing period and no obvious effect
5. The leacheate can not be controlled by organized flow and can easily flow into the groundwater environment to pollute the groundwater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for treating heavy metal pollution in soil by using a low-position leaching and high-position extraction technology, and the method for treating heavy metal pollution in soil can efficiently remove the heavy metal pollution in soil and effectively control the flowing direction of an eluent.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for treating heavy metal pollution in soil by using a low-order leaching high-order extraction technology comprises the following steps:
step 5, excavating a groove with the depth of 30-50 cm around the soil to be treated, paving a plastic film on the upper part of a working cushion layer, embedding the periphery of the plastic film into the groove, and forming holes at the positions of the eluent tube and the vacuum filter tube on the plastic film to enable the upper end of the eluent tube and the upper end of the vacuum filter tube to extend out of the plastic film, so that the construction of a vacuum prepressing system is completed;
step 6, starting the vacuum system, and checking the tightness of the vacuum preloading system;
step 8, stopping introducing the eluting agent after introducing the eluting agent for 30-60 min;
in the technical scheme, the depth of the sand well is 20-50 cm, and the diameter of the sand well is 5-20 cm.
In the technical scheme, the diameter of the vacuum filter tube is 2-20 cm.
In the technical scheme, the eluent pipe is a PVC pipeline.
In the above technical solution, the length of the part of the eluting agent tube wrapped by the hose should be not less than 3 cm.
In the above technical solution, the length of the part of the vacuum filter tube wrapped by the hose should be not less than 5 cm.
In the above technical solution, the vacuum system includes a vacuum pump and a gas-liquid separation device.
In the technical scheme, in the process of preparing the carbon dioxide eluting agent, a nano bubble machine is adopted to dissolve carbon dioxide in water, the power of the nano bubble machine is 270-430W, the foaming time is 2-4 h, and the diameter of bubbles is 10-50 mu m.
In the above technical scheme, the eluent is delivered to the eluent tube by a pump.
In the above technical solution, the treated discharge water is collected in the gas-liquid separation device.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of vertically arranging a vacuum filter pipe and an eluent pipe in the soil to be treated, paving a plastic film on the surface of the soil, checking the system tightness, inputting eluent at a low position, extracting eluent at a high position and the like, and has the characteristics of effectiveness, feasibility, high efficiency, ecological environmental protection and the like.
And the method of low-level leaching and high-level extraction is adopted to avoid the bicarbonate generated by heavy metal in the soil from polluting the immature soil layer. In particular, the following are adopted: the bottom of the vacuum filter tube is positioned at the junction of the working cushion layer and the soil, the bottom of the eluent tube is positioned at the junction of the immature soil layer and the mellow soil layer, the leaching process and the extraction process are carried out simultaneously, the leaching is carried out quickly, carbon dioxide is upwards diffused under the influence of vacuum pressure, little heavy metal salt is generated at the junction of the mellow soil layer and the immature soil layer, the heavy metal salt in the mellow soil layer is simultaneously subjected to the migration effect of the vacuum pressure and cannot migrate downwards, the pollution of the underground water and the soil by the heavy metal salt can be effectively prevented, the soil range of forming bicarbonate can be accelerated and expanded by the high-level extraction technology, the leaching treatment is more sufficient, and the mass transfer effect of the larger contact area with the eluent in the soil is enhanced.
In addition, the invention also adopts a nano bubble machine to prepare the eluting agent, and can further improve the solubility of the carbon dioxide in the eluting agent.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages that the heavy metal elements in the soil can be efficiently treated, and the secondary pollution to the surrounding environment and underground water can be avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the eluent tube and the vacuum filter tube in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein:
1: a green soil layer, 2: mature soil layer, 3: working cushion layer, 4: plastic film, 5: eluent tube, 6: vacuum filter tube, 7: nano bubble machine, 8: pump, 9: hose, 10: gas-liquid separation device, 11: a vacuum pump.
For a person skilled in the art, other relevant figures can be obtained from the above figures without inventive effort.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Example one
The heavy metal content of the sampled soil sample is Pb: 78mg/kg, Cd: 0.2 mg/kg, Cr: 96 mg/kg, Cu: 60 mg/kg, Zn 1270 mg/kg,
step 5, excavating a groove with the depth of 40cm around the soil to be treated, paving a plastic film on the upper part of a working cushion layer, embedding the periphery of the plastic film into the groove, and forming holes at the positions of the eluent tube and the vacuum filter tube on the plastic film to enable the upper end of the eluent tube and the upper end of the vacuum filter tube to extend out of the plastic film, so that the construction of a vacuum prepressing system is completed;
step 6, starting the vacuum system, and checking the tightness of the vacuum preloading system;
and 7, dissolving carbon dioxide in the leaching solution by using a nano bubble machine, and forming 100kg of leaching solution by using the nano bubble machine of Beijing metallurgy research institute of nuclear industry and a water pump of 400V, wherein the foaming time is 2h, and the diameter of bubbles is 10 microns. Pumping the eluting agent into the eluting agent pipe, controlling the flow rate to enable the flow rate of carbon dioxide to be 5g/min, simultaneously starting the vacuum system, controlling the absolute vacuum degree to be 70kPa, and controlling the suction filtration speed to be 4 cm/s;
step 8, stopping introducing the eluting agent after introducing the eluting agent for 40 min;
the drained water is collected. And sampling and detecting the heavy metal content in the land. According to detection, in soil, the removal rate of lead reaches 96%, the removal rate of chromium reaches 96%, the removal rate of copper reaches 94%, the removal rate of zinc reaches 97%, and the removal rate of cadmium reaches 93%.
Sampling the water quality in the raw soil layer, and detecting no heavy metal bicarbonate.
Example two
The heavy metal content of the sampled soil sample is Pb: 86mg/kg, Cd: 0.1 mg/kg, Cr: 86mg/kg, Cu: 60 mg/kg, Zn 1600 mg/kg,
step 5, excavating a groove with the depth of 40cm around the soil to be treated, paving a plastic film on the upper part of a working cushion layer, embedding the periphery of the plastic film into the groove, and forming holes at the positions of the eluent tube and the vacuum filter tube on the plastic film to enable the upper end of the eluent tube and the upper end of the vacuum filter tube to extend out of the plastic film, so that the construction of a vacuum prepressing system is completed;
step 6, starting the vacuum system, and checking the tightness of the vacuum preloading system;
and 7, dissolving carbon dioxide in the leaching solution by using a nano bubble machine, and forming 500kg of leaching solution by using the nano bubble machine of Beijing metallurgy research institute of nuclear industry and a water pump of 400V, wherein the foaming time is 4h, and the diameter of bubbles is 10 microns. Pumping the eluting agent into the eluting agent pipe, controlling the flow rate to enable the flow rate of carbon dioxide to be 25g/min, simultaneously starting the vacuum system, controlling the absolute vacuum degree to be 85kPa, and controlling the suction filtration speed to be 5 cm/s;
step 8, stopping introducing the eluting agent after the eluting agent is introduced for 60 min;
the drained water is collected. And sampling and detecting the heavy metal content in the land. According to detection, in soil, the lead removal rate reaches 92%, the chromium removal rate reaches 89%, the copper removal rate reaches 90%, the zinc removal rate reaches 95%, and the cadmium removal rate reaches 88%.
Sampling the water quality in the raw soil layer, and detecting no heavy metal bicarbonate.
EXAMPLE III
The heavy metal content of the sampled soil sample is Pb: 85mg/kg, Cd: 0.15 mg/kg, Cr: 87 mg/kg, Cu: 57 mg/kg, Zn 1588 mg/kg,
step 5, excavating a groove with the depth of 40cm around the soil to be treated, paving a plastic film on the upper part of a working cushion layer, embedding the periphery of the plastic film into the groove, and forming holes at the positions of the eluent tube and the vacuum filter tube on the plastic film to enable the upper end of the eluent tube and the upper end of the vacuum filter tube to extend out of the plastic film, so that the construction of a vacuum prepressing system is completed;
step 6, starting the vacuum system, and checking the tightness of the vacuum preloading system;
and 7, dissolving carbon dioxide in the leaching solution by using a nano bubble machine, and forming 500kg of leaching solution by using the nano bubble machine of Beijing metallurgy research institute of nuclear industry and a water pump of 400V, wherein the foaming time is 4h, and the diameter of bubbles is 10 microns. Pumping the eluting agent into the eluting agent pipe, controlling the flow rate to enable the flow rate of carbon dioxide to be 20g/min, simultaneously starting the vacuum system, controlling the absolute vacuum degree to be 80kPa, and controlling the suction filtration speed to be 3 cm/s;
step 8, stopping introducing the eluting agent after the eluting agent is introduced for 60 min;
the drained water is collected. And sampling and detecting the heavy metal content in the land. According to detection, in soil, the lead removal rate reaches 93%, the chromium removal rate reaches 90%, the copper removal rate reaches 88%, the zinc removal rate reaches 94%, and the cadmium removal rate reaches 85%.
Sampling the water quality in the raw soil layer, and detecting no heavy metal bicarbonate.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating heavy metal pollution in soil by a low-position leaching high-position extraction technology is characterized by comprising the following steps,
step 1, vertically constructing bagged sand wells on the surface of soil to be treated, wherein the depth of the bagged sand wells reaches the junction of a mellow soil layer of a raw soil layer, the well spacing between the sand wells is 1-3 m, and the sand wells are symmetrically arranged in a circular or square mode;
step 2, paving a deep silty clay working cushion layer on the ground surface, wherein the thickness of the working cushion layer is 5-10 cm;
step 3, arranging an eluent pipe in the sand well, wherein the lower end of the eluent pipe is positioned at the bottom of the sand well, and the upper end of the eluent pipe is exposed out of the working cushion layer and is connected with an eluent input device through a hose;
step 4, arranging vacuum filter tubes in the vertical direction of the working cushion layer, wherein the lower ends of the vacuum filter tubes are positioned at the junction of the working cushion layer and the soil to be treated, the upper ends of the vacuum filter tubes are exposed out of the working cushion layer and are connected with a vacuum system through hoses, and the arrangement form among the vacuum filter tubes is circular or square and symmetrical;
step 5, excavating a groove with the depth of 30-50 cm around the soil to be treated, paving a plastic film on the upper part of a working cushion layer, embedding the periphery of the plastic film into the groove, and forming holes at the positions of the eluent tube and the vacuum filter tube on the plastic film to enable the upper end of the eluent tube and the upper end of the vacuum filter tube to extend out of the plastic film, so that the construction of a vacuum prepressing system is completed;
step 6, starting the vacuum system, and checking the tightness of the vacuum preloading system;
step 7, preparing a carbon dioxide eluting agent, introducing the eluting agent into the eluting agent pipe, controlling the flow rate to enable the flow rate of carbon dioxide to be 5-15 g/min, simultaneously starting the vacuum system, controlling the absolute vacuum degree to be 50-100 kPa, and controlling the suction filtration speed to be 2-5 cm/s;
step 8, stopping introducing the eluting agent after introducing the eluting agent for 30-60 min;
and 9, stopping introducing the eluting agent for 10-30 min, and closing the vacuum system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sand well has a depth of 20 to 50cm and a diameter of 5 to 20 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum filter tube has a diameter of 2-20 cm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the eluent tube is a PVC conduit.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the length of the tube that is wrapped by the hose is no less than 3 cm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum filter tube is wrapped by the hose for a length of no less than 5 cm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum system comprises a vacuum pump and a gas-liquid separation device.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the process of preparing the carbon dioxide eluting agent, a nano bubble machine is adopted to dissolve carbon dioxide in water, the power of the nano bubble machine is 400W, the bubble time is 2-4 h, and the bubble diameter is 10-50 μm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the eluent is delivered to the eluent tube using a pump.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the treated water effluent is collected in a gas-liquid separation device.
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| US10835938B1 (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-11-17 | James Cheng-Shyong Lu | System and method for rapid reclamation of saline-sodic and heavy metal contaminated soils |
| CN111715684A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-09-29 | 西藏神州瑞霖环保科技股份有限公司 | Contaminated soil remediation system and contaminated soil remediation method |
| CN112642847B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-10-25 | 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | Remediation method based on structural evolution of chlorinated hydrocarbon polluted soil |
| CN113020243A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-25 | 常州市建筑科学研究院集团股份有限公司 | High-pressure splitting extrusion powder-doping infiltration-assisting in-situ remediation method for low-permeability polluted soil |
| CN114871262A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-09 | 淄博高新技术产业开发区精细化工和高分子材料研究院 | CO 2 +O 2 Green eluting agent and in-situ eluting process |
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| JPH1190410A (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-04-06 | Ohbayashi Corp | In-situ remediation system of contaminant |
| JP2002001006A (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-08 | Ebara Corp | Method for extracting organic compound from solid containing organic compound |
| US7100994B2 (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2006-09-05 | Shell Oil Company | Producing hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon containing materials when treating a hydrocarbon containing formation |
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| CN103785681B (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2017-02-08 | 江苏江达市政园林建设有限公司 | Method for efficiently remedying heavy metal ion contamination in soil |
| CN105239554A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2016-01-13 | 上海十三冶建设有限公司 | Vacuum and preloading drainage structure with low-permeability sand layers and construction method |
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