CN110096969B - Plain irrigation area pump gate position and type identification method thereof based on high-grade-two and Lidar data - Google Patents
Plain irrigation area pump gate position and type identification method thereof based on high-grade-two and Lidar data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying the position and the type of a pump gate point of a plain irrigation area based on high-grade-II data and Lidar data, which comprises the following steps of: taking a plain irrigation area as a research area, and acquiring a high-resolution second remote sensing image of the research area; extracting a trench distribution vector diagram of a research area; extracting the central line of the ditch and prolonging the central line of the ditch; grading the ditches according to the characteristics of the ditches in the research area; intersecting the ditches of different grades to obtain the position of a pump gate point of a research area; hydrologic module analysis is carried out in ArcGIS by utilizing Lidar data of a research area to obtain channel network vector data with flow direction; and judging the type of the pump gate of the research area according to the channel network vector data with the flow direction, the position of the pump gate of the research area and the channel grade vector data. The method is helpful for understanding the influence of artificial regulation on the hydrological connectivity of the plain irrigation area, and further provides a referable scientific basis for improving the health condition of the rural ditch ecosystem and improving the overall water resource allocation capacity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydrology, and particularly relates to a plain irrigation area pump gate position and type identification method based on high-grade-two and Lidar data.
Background
The water flow movement of the ditch network of the plain irrigation area is complex, and under the influence of irrigation water conservancy projects and artificial management, water systems are connected but not communicated and are not communicated smoothly, so that the area is disordered in function, and the surrounding natural ecological systems are influenced to different degrees. The geographical positions of pump gate facilities in plain irrigation areas are scattered, no method for rapidly counting pump gate information in batches exists at present, high-resolution image data made in China has high acquireability, a good data base is provided for rapidly identifying the positions and types of the pump gate points in plain irrigation areas in batches, the positions and types of the pump gate points in plain irrigation areas are identified and judged, and the influence of artificial regulation on the hydrological connectivity of plain irrigation areas can be known, so that theoretical support is provided for optimizing the water system structure of plain irrigation areas and seeking scientific and reasonable water system engineering scheduling operation rules, the structure and the function of a ditch system are protected, repaired and reconstructed, the health of the water ecological system is maintained, and the water ecological system is developed towards a human-water harmonious direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for identifying the pump gate position and the type of the pump gate position in the plain irrigation area based on the high-score second number and Lidar data, which is beneficial to disclosing the influence of artificial regulation and control rules of the plain irrigation area on hydrological connectivity, and further provides a referable scientific basis for improving the health condition of a rural ditch ecosystem and improving the overall water resource planning and configuration capacity.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a plain irrigation area pump gate position and type identification method based on high-grade-two and Lidar data comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a plain irrigation area as a research area, and acquiring a high-resolution second remote sensing image of the research area;
(2) processing the high-resolution second remote sensing image of the research area by utilizing ENVI and ArcGIS software to obtain the area vector data of the ditch of the research area, namely a ditch distribution vector diagram of the research area;
(3) the ditch vector data extracted in the step (2) is a planar file, and a single intersection point cannot be obtained when the planar ditch is subjected to intersection processing, namely the position of a pump gate cannot be obtained, so that ditch linear vector data are obtained by extracting a central line of the ditch planar vector data; extracting a trench central line from the trench planar vector data obtained in the step (2) in ArcGIS to obtain trench linear vector data, and performing intersection processing on the linear trenches to obtain a single intersection point; extending the extracted center line of the trench; the ditches in the plain irrigation area are actually communicated with each other, and when the ditch vector data are extracted, roads superposed in a three-dimensional space block the connection of the ditches, so that the central lines of the ditches need to be prolonged for connecting the ditches;
(4) according to the irrigation path of the ditch in the research area, carrying out level division on the ditch, sequentially carrying out levels 1,2, …, n from high to low, and obtaining the level vector data of the ditch;
(5) respectively generating single vector data for the ditches of different levels, and performing intersection analysis on the vector data of the ditches of different levels in ArcGIS to obtain intersection points of the ditches of different levels, namely obtaining the position of a pump gate point of a research area;
(6) acquiring Lidar data of a research area, and performing hydrological module analysis on the Lidar data in ArcGIS to obtain channel network vector data with flow direction;
(7) judging the type of the pump gate of the research area by combining the obtained channel network vector data with the flow direction, the position of the pump gate of the research area and the channel grade vector data; if the water flow direction is that the low-grade ditch flows to the high-grade ditch, the ditch junction point is a pump station; on the contrary, if the water flow direction is from the high-grade ditch to the low-grade ditch, the ditch junction is a gate.
Further, the step (2) of processing the remote sensing image of the research area with the second highest priority by utilizing ENVI and ArcGIS software to obtain the planar vector data of the ditch of the research area comprises the following steps:
(2.1) carrying out orthorectification, image fusion and atmospheric correction pretreatment on the high-resolution second remote sensing image in the research area by utilizing ENVI, and then extracting channel vector data in the research area;
and (2.2) because the accuracy of the vector data extracted in the ENVI can not meet the requirement, updating the ditch vector data extracted in the step (2.1) by visual interpretation in ArcGIS by combining a high-score second remote sensing image to obtain the ditch face-shaped vector data of the research area with the accuracy meeting the requirement.
Further, the step (3) of extracting the trench center line of the research area in ArcGIS and extending the extracted trench center line comprises the following steps:
(3.1) rasterizing the ditch planar vector data through a surface-to-grid tool to generate new ditch grid data;
(3.2) performing reclassification operation on newly generated channel raster data to obtain a channel binary raster element class;
(3.3) generating vector trench center lines along the centers of the grid elements by using a vectorization tool of ArcGIS software;
and (3.4) extending the center line of the trench generated in the step (3.3) in ArcGIS, wherein the extending length is determined according to actual requirements.
Further, the hydrological module analysis in step (6) comprises the following steps:
(6.1) carrying out depression processing on the Lidar data, and carrying out flow direction analysis on the data without depressions to obtain a flow direction grid;
(6.2) carrying out running water cumulant calculation on the flow direction grid to obtain a running water cumulant grid;
(6.3) extracting to obtain a ditch network grid by using the grid calculator function of ArcGIS;
and (6.4) obtaining channel network vector data with flow direction by utilizing the grid river network vectorization function of ArcGIS.
Has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a method for identifying and judging the position and the type of a pump gate point of a plain irrigation area by combining high-score two and Lidar data, can rapidly count pump gate information of the plain irrigation area in batches, and is beneficial to further understanding the influence of artificial regulation on hydrological connectivity of the plain irrigation area, thereby providing theoretical support for optimizing a water system structure of a plain water network area and seeking a scientific and reasonable water system engineering scheduling operation rule, further being beneficial to protecting, repairing and rebuilding the structure and the function of a ditch system and maintaining the healthy development of a water ecological system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a pump gate point position and its type identification method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a large-scale classification of a Fudong irrigation area ditch 4;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of pump gate positions of Fudong irrigation areas obtained by intersecting trenches of different levels;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of vector data of a ditch network with flow direction obtained from a Fudong irrigation area;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pump station for determining a pump gate point at a certain position by using the flow direction of water extracted from Lidar data;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pump gate point determined to be somewhere by the flow direction extracted from Lidar data.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Taking the funingcounty of funing county of Jiangsu province as an example, the method for identifying the position and the type of the pump gate point of the plain irrigation district based on the high-score second number and Lidar data comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring a high-resolution second remote sensing image of the Fudong irrigated area;
(2) orthorectification, image fusion and atmospheric correction preprocessing are carried out on the Fudong irrigation area high-resolution second remote sensing image in ENVI software, and then vector data of the Fudong irrigation area ditch are extracted; updating the extracted ditch vector data by visual interpretation in ArcGIS software in combination with the high-score second remote sensing image to obtain the planar vector data of the ditch of the Fudong irrigated area, namely a Fudong irrigated area ditch distribution vector diagram;
(3) extracting a trench central line from the trench planar vector data obtained in the step (2) in ArcGIS to obtain trench linear vector data; extending the central line of the extracted channel to ensure that the channels blocked by the roads superposed in the three-dimensional space are connected with each other when the channel vector data are extracted; the method comprises the following steps:
(3.1) rasterizing the ditch planar vector data through a surface-to-grid tool to generate new ditch grid data; the operation is as follows: opening a newly derived channel vector diagram in ArcGIS, selecting a To register and double-clicking a polygon To scanner in a Conversion toolbox drop-down form, and setting the size of an image element in an opened panel To be 1;
(3.2) performing reclassification operation on the ditch grid data newly generated in the step (3.1) to obtain a ditch binary grid element class; the operation is as follows: selecting Reclass and double-clicking Reclassy in a Spatial analysis toolbox pull-down table box in ArcGIS, setting valued data as 1 and setting Nodata as 0; newly building a line layer: establishing Shapefile in the ArcCatalog, wherein the type of the Shapefile is polyline, and the coordinate system is consistent with the grid; opening the line graph layer in ArcGIS and in an editing state for storing the center line of the ditch;
(3.3) generating vector trench center lines along the centers of the grid elements by using a vectorization tool of ArcGIS software; the operation is as follows: opening an ArcScan tool bar, setting the maximum width of grid linear elements in a grid capture option to be 100m, selecting a central value according to an intersection point solution, setting the interval closing tolerance to be 60m, setting the fan-shaped angle to be 60 degrees, and clicking a Generator Features function to automatically Generate a channel central line after setting is completed;
(3.4) selecting extended Line from an edition toolbox pull-down table frame in ArcGIS, and extending the center Line of the trench generated in the step (3.3), wherein the extending length is 100 m; most ditches broken by roads in the Fudong irrigation area are communicated in different modes, so that the extension length is set to be 100m which is the widest distance of the roads;
(4) the Fudong irrigation area is irrigated by means of a Subei irrigation main canal and a Zhaoyang river water source on two sides of the irrigation area, ditches in the Fudong irrigation area are divided into 4 categories according to irrigation paths of ditches in the Fudong irrigation area, the categories are level 1, level 2, level 3 and level 4 from high to low, the middle-level ditches are classified to irrigate to the lower-level ditches, and each level of ditch is respectively led out to be a single layer, as shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2-b is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 2-a; wherein fzfl1-fzfl4 sequentially represent trenches of 1-4 scale;
(5) respectively generating single vector data for the ditches of different levels, and performing intersection analysis on the vector data of the ditches of different levels in ArcGIS to obtain intersection points of the ditches of different levels, namely obtaining the position of a pump gate point of a research area; the operation is as follows: selecting Overlay toolset in an Analysis toolbox pull-down form frame in ArcGIS and double-clicking intercept, wherein the Overlay toolset is respectively matched with 1 and 2; 1. 3; 2. intersecting the ditches of the 3 grades to obtain the position of a pump gate point of the Fudong irrigation area; as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3-b is a partial enlarged view of fig. 3-a, fzfl1-fzfl4 sequentially represents a trench of 1-4 level, 12 represents an intersection of trenches of 1,2 level, 13 represents an intersection of trenches of 1, 3 level, 23 represents an intersection of trenches of 2, 3 level, no pump gate is provided between the trenches of the same level, and the trench of the lowest level, i.e., the trench of the 4 th level, is directly communicated with the trench of the high level without a pump gate;
(6) acquiring Lidar data of the Fudong irrigation area, and performing hydrological module analysis on the Lidar data in ArcGIS to obtain channel network vector data with flow direction; the implementation steps are as follows:
(6.1) carrying out depression processing on the Lidar data, and carrying out flow direction analysis on the data without depressions to obtain a flow direction grid; the operation is as follows: selecting a Hydrology toolset from a Spatial analysis toolbox pull-down table frame in ArcGIS, and double-clicking Fill to perform hole filling on data; selecting a Hydrology toolset from a Spatial analysis toolbox drop-down form in ArcGIS, double-clicking Flow Direction, and analyzing the Flow Direction of data without hollow areas;
(6.2) carrying out running water cumulant calculation on the flow direction grid to obtain a running water cumulant grid; the operation is as follows: selecting a Hydrology toolset in a Spatial analysis toolbox pull-down form in ArcGIS, double-clicking Flow Accumulation, and calculating the accumulated amount of the flowing water of the Flow grid obtained in the step (6.1);
(6.3) extracting to obtain a ditch network grid by using the grid calculator function of ArcGIS; the operation is as follows: selecting Map Algebra in a Spatial analysis toolbox pull-down table frame in ArcGIS, double-clicking a Raster Calculator, and processing the running water cumulant grid obtained in the step (6.2) to obtain a channel network grid;
(6.4) obtaining channel network vector data with flow direction by utilizing the grid river network vectorization function of ArcGIS; the operation is as follows: selecting a Hydrology toolset from a Spatial analysis tool drop table frame in ArcGIS, and double-clicking Stream to Feature to process the trench network grid obtained in the step (6.3) to obtain trench network vector data with a flow direction, as shown in FIGS. 4-a and 4-b, wherein FIG. 4-b is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 4-a;
(7) judging the type of the pump gate of the research area by combining the obtained channel network vector data with the flow direction, the position of the pump gate of the research area and the channel grade vector data; if the water flow direction is that the low-grade ditch flows to the high-grade ditch, the ditch junction point is a pump station; on the contrary, if the water flow direction is from the high-grade ditch to the low-grade ditch, the ditch junction is a gate.
As shown in fig. 5, fzfl1 represents a level 1 trench, fzfl2 represents a level 2 trench, 12 represents an intersection of the level 1 and level 2 trenches, demgq is the network vector data of the trench with flow direction obtained in step (6.4), the convergence direction of demgq represents the flow direction of the trench without human interference, the flow direction of water flow is from the level 2 trench to the level 1 trench according to demgq on the left side of the intersection, and the level 2 trench can be communicated with the level 1 trench by means of a pumping station, so that it can be determined that the intersection is the pumping station; as shown in fig. 6, the flow direction of the effluent is from the 1-grade ditch to the 2-grade ditch according to the right side demgq of the junction, and the water amount of the 1-grade ditch flowing to the 2-grade ditch needs to be controlled by a gate, so that the junction of the two is determined to be a gate.
Claims (3)
1. A plain irrigation area pump gate position and type identification method based on high-grade-two and Lidar data is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a plain irrigation area as a research area, and acquiring a high-resolution second remote sensing image of the research area;
(2) processing the high-resolution second remote sensing image of the research area by utilizing ENVI and ArcGIS software to obtain the area vector data of the ditch of the research area, namely a ditch distribution vector diagram of the research area;
(3) extracting a trench central line from the trench planar vector data obtained in the step (2) in ArcGIS to obtain trench linear vector data, and performing intersection processing on the linear trenches to obtain a single intersection point; extending the central line of the extracted channel to ensure that the channels blocked by the roads superposed in the three-dimensional space are connected with each other when the channel vector data are extracted;
(4) the ditches are graded according to the ditch irrigation paths of the research area, and the grades are 1,2, …,nobtaining ditch level vector data;
(5) generating single vector data for the ditches with different levels respectively, and performing intersection analysis on the vector data of the ditches with different levels in the ArcGIS to obtain intersection points of the ditches with different levels, namely obtaining the position of a pump gate point in a research area;
(6) acquiring Lidar data of a research area, and performing hydrological module analysis on the Lidar data in ArcGIS to obtain channel network vector data with flow direction;
(6.1) carrying out depression processing on the Lidar data, and carrying out flow direction analysis on the data without depressions to obtain a flow direction grid;
(6.2) carrying out running water cumulant calculation on the flow direction grid to obtain a running water cumulant grid;
(6.3) extracting to obtain a channel network grid by using the grid calculator function of ArcGIS;
(6.4) obtaining channel network vector data with flow direction by utilizing the grid river network vectorization function of ArcGIS;
(7) judging the type of the pump gate of the research area by combining the obtained channel network vector data with the flow direction, the position of the pump gate of the research area and the channel grade vector data; if the water flow direction is that the low-grade ditch flows to the high-grade ditch, the ditch junction point is a pump station; on the contrary, if the water flow direction is from the high-grade ditch to the low-grade ditch, the ditch junction is a gate.
2. The plain irrigation area pump gate position and type identification method based on high-score second number and Lidar data according to claim 1, characterized in that: processing the high-resolution second remote sensing image of the research area by utilizing ENVI and ArcGIS software to obtain the planar vector data of the ditch of the research area, and comprising the following steps of:
(2.1) carrying out orthorectification, image fusion and atmospheric correction pretreatment on the high-resolution second remote sensing image in the research area by utilizing ENVI, and then extracting channel vector data in the research area;
and (2.2) updating the ditch vector data extracted in the step (2.1) by visual interpretation in ArcGIS by combining the high-score second remote sensing image to obtain the ditch planar vector data of the research area with the accuracy meeting the requirement.
3. The plain irrigation area pump gate position and type identification method based on the high-score second number and Lidar data as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: extracting a trench center line of a research area in ArcGIS and prolonging the extracted trench center line, wherein the step (3) is as follows:
(3.1) rasterizing the ditch planar vector data through a surface-to-grid tool to generate new ditch grid data;
(3.2) performing reclassification operation on newly generated channel raster data to obtain a channel binary raster element class;
(3.3) generating vector trench center lines along the centers of the grid elements by using a vectorization tool of ArcGIS software;
and (3.4) extending the center line of the trench generated in the step (3.3) in ArcGIS, wherein the extending length is determined according to actual requirements.
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