CN110086512A - Array antenna multi beamforming method and device in TDMA communication system - Google Patents
Array antenna multi beamforming method and device in TDMA communication system Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
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- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of device and method of array antenna multi beamforming for time division multiple acess (TDMA) communication system；Existing beam forming technique is solved to need to use the problems such as training sequence, complexity are high, time-varying characteristics are poor.The device includes: array antenna, N number of radio frequency and the base band signal process channel of N array element, M adaptive beamforming computing unit.The device realizes that the beam forming of M mobile subscriber of direction, transmitting terminal utilize same group of weight coefficient to carry out launching beam forming based on signal is received.Its adaptive beamforming method is characterized in that: for N number of weight coefficient when carrying out adaptive updates, wherein some is consistently equal to 1, and remaining N-1 modulus value remain 1.It is not only not required to training sequence, and the signal processing in addition to synchronization need not be also carried out to frame head；Therefore its complexity is low, the real-time of fast convergence rate, wave beam tracking mobile subscriber are good, and each wave beam can obtain complete ARRAY PROCESSING gain.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fields of communication technology, furtherly, are related to a kind of based on time division multiple acess (TDMA) communication system
Middle array antenna multi beamforming method and device thereof.
Background technique
Key technology one of of the beam forming as array signal processing, has extensively in fields such as communication, radar and sonars
General application.Beam forming be exactly to interested parties to signal form the main lobe of wave beam and the interference in the other directions of decaying.
In fields such as Cellular Networks formula mobile communication, earth-space communication, multi-user Cooperation communications, the importance ten of intelligent array antenna technique
Divide significantly, wherein array antenna beam forming technique is most important basic fundamental.Antenna increasing can be improved in adaptive beamforming
Benefit improves link property, can expand communication coverage by quickly tracking alignment target direction, extending user capacity, therefore
Its meaning is very great.
National inventing patent " a kind of multibeam phased array antenna system " (application publication number: 105896079 A of CN) discloses
A kind of multi-beam phased array antenna system, the system select N switch block by M array-element antenna array, M, and N channel filtering unit, N are logical
Road power amplifier, low noise component, N channel frequency conversion component and N channel baseband processing component composition.The system utilizes plane directional aerial
Circle battle array is formed, carries out wave beam forming in conjunction with day line options, M wave beam is produced and realizes that level 3600 covers.The invention has more
Wave beam all standing, the function of instantaneous spot beam intercommunication is small in size, light-weight.But it, which is used, utilizes switch block beam scanning
Method realizes multi-beam all standing, tracking and real-time, flexibility deficiency to semi-mobile user.In addition, current existing battle array
Its hardware complexity may be very high when realizing multiple wave beams simultaneously to semi-mobile user for array antenna；And multiple mesh are tracked simultaneously
Target adaptive beamforming method, has usually required training sequence, needs to pay biggish band efficiency cost.
In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes that one kind does not depend on training sequence, can in time track the multiple mobile use of alignment
Family, low complex degree are easy to hard-wired multi beamforming method and device.
Summary of the invention
For the above the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes array antenna in a kind of time division multiple acess (TDMA) communication system
Multi beamforming method and device, solve existing adaptive beamforming technology need to rely on training sequence, the device is complicated degree it is high,
There is the problems such as time-varying characteristics are poor all very low, wave beam without training sequence expense, equipment and computation complexity to track mobile subscriber
The advantages that real-time is good, each wave beam can get complete ARRAY PROCESSING gain.
A. overall structure principle and method description
The present invention is a kind of method and device for array antenna multi beamforming in TDMA communication system, for given
Communication band B, when every frame a length of Tfrm, every frame is divided into M time slot (M=4~32), and M user is respectively in specified time slot
The middle transmitting-receiving using N array element (N=2~16) is shared antenna and is sent and received signal.
The system receiving terminal includes: N number of radio frequency-intermediate frequency-baseband signal processing unit (101), N number of quadrature frequency conversion and
Sample quantization unit (102), N number of time-division tapping unit (103), K adaptive beamforming computing unit (104)；Its more wave
Steps are as follows for the signal processing that beam adaptively shapes:
The road N signal received by 101:N bay of step passes through at corresponding Unit 101 and Unit 102 respectively
After reason, N number of base band complex digital signal is exported, is sent to corresponding Unit 103.
102:N signal of step carries out time-division tap in N number of Unit 103 respectively, and respectively exporting K length is all LslotIt is a
Sub-frame signals { the x of sampling pointI, n(t)；I=1:K, t=1:Lslot| n=1:N, wherein LslotThe sample for including for each time slot of every frame
This KN sub-frame signals, is regarded as the vector sequence of K N-dimensional, i.e., by point number
{Xi(t), t=1:Lslot}|I=1:K={ [xI, 1(t) xI, 2(t) ... xI, N(t)], t=1:Lslot}|I=1:K
Each sub-frame signals are all successively arranged as the vector sequence of infinite length
Step 103: by i-th of vector sequenceIt is sent in i-th of Unit 104, using base
It is updated in the adaptive iteration that the maximized adaptive beamforming method of output power carries out weight, each sampling instant t is defeated
The weight vector of a N-dimensional outFor synthesizing the output signal of i-th of wave beam, i.e.,
Wherein weight vector sequenceIt is also by each
The L of corresponding time slotslotLong weight vector sequence { WI, q(τ), q=0: ∞；τ=1:LslotArranged in succession forms, i.e.,
Then during continuous adaptive iteration, gained receives signal { Yi(t)}|I=1:KConverge on the correct of K wave beam
Output, beam direction are respectively directed to the arrival bearing of K transmission user.
The system transmitting terminal includes: baseband complex signal generates unit (201), D/A conversion unit (202), quadrature carrier
Modulation unit (203), radiofrequency signal amplifying unit (204)；Steps are as follows for its signal processing for sending multi beamforming:
Step 201: for the information of K user to be sent to, being sent to corresponding Unit 201 respectively, respectively export a base
Band complex signalAnd they are all divided into every section of LslotThe signal segment of a sampling point, i.e.,
Step 202: the signal { U for be sent to i-th of user (i=1:K)I, q(τ) }, it multiplies it by receiving end and exists
Weight vector { W obtained by adaptive iteration right value update in Unit 104I, q(τ), q=0: ∞；τ=1:Lslot, obtain a LslotIt is long
N-dimensional signal phasor sequenceThat is q frame, arrow corresponding to i-th of time slot
Measuring sequence is
Step 203: willN-th (n=1:N) is sent to by corresponding Unit 202, Unit 203,204
The transmission signal processing channel that unit is constituted becomes being sent to n-th of bay in q frame through duplexing coupler after radiofrequency signal
The i-th time slot in emitted.
The above-mentioned adaptive manufacturing process biggest advantage of multi-beam is, needed for radio frequency-intermediate frequency-base band signal process it is logical
Road number is less；It is consistently equal to bay number N, and no matter timeslot number M is much, or further uses MF-TDMA system will
Total number of users expands how many times, is not always the case.Therefore its hard-wired complexity is very low.
B. unique adaptive beamforming method description
Of the present invention to be based on the maximized self-adaptive multiple-beam manufacturing process of output power, its step are as follows:
The pretreatment of step 301- array antenna received signals
The each array element of the array antenna of N array element receives radiofrequency signal respectively, obtains N after the processing of each signal processing channel
A baseband complex signal, is represented by a N-dimensional vector sequence, and arrival bearing is embodied in the phase that carrier wave is implied in this N number of complex signal
Potential difference is different.For there is the TDMA system of M time slot, wherein each sub-frame signals section of i-th of time slot (i.e. i-th of user) is sequentially
It is arranged as the vector sequence of a N-dimensionalSubscript i is omitted below, the reception of any one user is believed
Number vector sequence is expressed as { X (t)=[x1(t), x2(t) ..., xN(t)], t=1: ∞ }, and then describe how to form a finger
To the antenna beam of subscriber signal arrival bearing, adaptive iteration process is as follows.
Step 302- adaptive iteration procedure initialization:
Enable t=1, W (t) |T=1=[w1(t), w2(t) ..., wN(t)]|T=1=[1,1 ..., 1]；
Step 303- is based on weight synthesized output signal: utilizing weight amount W (t), the N array element of input is received signal { X
(t) } output signal Y (t)=X (t) (W (t)) is synthesizedT；
Step 304- calculates weight vector modification amount: calculating weight vector modified values according to steepest gradient hill climbing, i.e.,
Δ W (t)==μ X (t) (Y (t))*；
Step 305- weight vector tentatively updates:
Step 306- weight vector updates readjustment: byReadjustment obtains modified weight vector
W (t+1)=[w1(t+1), w2(t+1) ..., wN(t+1)]
Wherein w1(t+1)=1；T → t+1, W (t)=W (t+ are enabled again
1) it, then turns to step 303 and continues iteration.
Above-mentioned adaptive iteration beamforming algorithm is the steepest gradient climbing that criterion is maximized based on output signal power
Method, flow diagram are as shown in Figure 2.The mould of each weight remains that This prevents signal powers equal to 1 in an iterative process
It is intended to infinity.This convergence speed of the algorithm quickly, can converge to as long as the iteration of sampling point a more than 100 close to target
Value, computation complexity is also very low, compared with conventional method estimates the algorithm of multiple arrival bearings using training sequence, calculates
Complexity can reduce manyfold, such as tens to hundred times.
The present invention has following good effect:
1. being not necessarily to training sequence expense
The present invention obtains beam forming using phase information possessed by array received signal, using adaptive iteration method
Weight without relying on training sequence, therefore avoids the redundant overheads generated because increasing training sequence.
2. solving the contradiction between antenna gain and angular coverage
The present invention combines TDMA technology with array antenna technique, to different time-gap signal using different beams forming power
Value, each time slot beam forming weight is iterated update respectively, is independent of each other, therefore can accurately distinguish arrival bearing multi-user,
Different time-gap beam position different user angle, angular coverage is wide, and each wave beam can get complete array beams
Shaping gain.
3. can solve the problems, such as that the every frame slot number of TDMA system cannot be too many, facilitate the capacity that extends one's service
The timeslot number of the every frame of general TDMA system can only be taken as 10 or so, because timeslot number is more, each user emits letter
The peak-to-average ratio of number power is smaller, and radio-frequency power transfer efficiency is not only made to become budgetary shortfall that is very low, but also can making transmission link.
The present invention is made the gain of dual-mode antenna while being improved using adaptive beamforming method, can significantly increase the remaining of link budget
Amount, thus allow timeslot number to increase, such as increase to 32, this helps to the capacity that extends one's service.The method of the invention simultaneously
Also it is suitable for MF-TDMA system, it can further expansion user capacity.
4. the real-time of tracking mobile subscriber, flexibility are good
The present invention independently carries out beam forming weight iteration update to different user signal, only needs to read in user's transformation
Different weights are updated, therefore it is preferable to track the real-time of mobile subscriber, flexibility.
5. computation complexity is low, it is easy to hardware realization
The adaptive beamforming method that the present invention uses is not related to signal autocorrelation Matrix Solving, matrix inversion, matrix
The complicated matrix operation such as decomposition, pertains only to simple vector calculus, therefore greatly reduce computation complexity, is easy to hardware reality
It is existing.And in hardware realization, M adaptive beamforming unit can time-division slot be multiplexed a set of hardware resource, further decrease
Hardware cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 multi beamforming schematic device of the present invention
Fig. 2 multi beamforming algorithm flow chart of the present invention
Specific embodiment:
With reference to the accompanying drawing, it is with 4 user's TDMA communication system, 8 array element even linear array multi beamforming devices and methods therefor
Example, invention is further explained.
In conjunction with attached drawing 1, array antenna multi beamforming device concrete composition list in TDMA communication system of the present invention
Member is as follows with connection type:
(1) its receiving end is by 8 radio frequencies-intermediate frequency-baseband signal processing unit (101), 8 quadrature frequency conversions and sampling quantity
Change unit (102), 8 time-division tapping units (103) and 4 adaptive beamforming computing units (104) to constitute.Its signal
Transmission and treatment process are as follows:
8 road signals received by 8 bays, obtain 8 bases after 8 Unit 101 and 102 cell processings respectively
Band complex digital signal is sent to corresponding Unit 103 and carries out time-division tap；Then 4 groups are divided to be sent to 4 adaptive beam respectively again
Computing unit is shaped, the adaptive iteration for carrying out weight respectively updates to obtain 4 groups of weights；And then 4 wave beams are formed simultaneously with them
4 output signals are generated, i.e., 8 reception signals are respectively synthesized a signal, 4 outputs are obtained by the weight of 4 groups continuous renewals
Signal.
(2) its transmitting terminal includes: baseband complex signal generates unit (201), D/A conversion unit (202), quadrature carrier
Modulation unit (203), radiofrequency signal amplifying unit (204)；The transmission of its signal and treatment process are as follows:
For to be sent to the information of 4 users, it is sent to corresponding Unit 201 respectively, respectively generates a baseband complex signal,
4 complex signals are obtained；In Unit 202, they are pressed into slot segmentation, and pass through adaptive iteration more with each time slot in receiving end
New gained weight vector is multiplied, and obtains 4 N-dimensional signal phasor sequences；It is then delivered to Unit 203,204 cell translations are radio-frequency carrier
Modulated signal is sent according to 4 specified slot segmentations by 8 array-element antennas, then sends signal in space and carry out power conjunction
At formation is directed toward identical launching beam with 4 reception wave beam main lobes.
According to above-mentioned basic scheme, proposes following two specific embodiments, usage scenario of the present invention and advantage are made into one
Step explanation:
Embodiment 1: the present invention is used for the NodeB of currently widely applied TDD-SCDMA, its cell can be made
Coverage area expands 8 times or more, provides broadband service for the rural area of sparse population.Antenna for base station is using 3 secondary 8 array element arrays
Realize space division multiple access in the region of antenna, each 120 degree of covering；Every width array antenna supports the frequency band, every of 4 1.6MHz bandwidth simultaneously
The adaptive forming of 8 time slots of a frequency band totally 32 wave beams；3 secondary array antennas are total can to form 96 wave beams.Due to adaptive
The gain of 120 degree of single beam antennas of the ratio of gains of beam formed antenna improves 8 times or so, therefore its covering radius will increase 2.8
Times or so, the area of overlay area increases 8 times or so.Every secondary 8 array-element antenna only needs 8 radio frequency-intermediate frequency-base band signal process logical
Road, while it is desirable to 32 adaptive weight iteration beam shaping elements, but since each time slot carries out an adaptive weight
Adjustment, therefore 32 adaptive iteration units can use a set of hardware computing resource by multiplex mode, hardware complexity is
Acceptable.
2: one unmanned aerial vehicle groups being made of 32 frame unmanned planes of embodiment, building one have 64MHz signal bandwidth, frame length
The non-stop layer TDD-TDMA communication system of 32 25ms, every frame time slots, the information rate of each user are 2Mbps, it can be achieved that 32
The two-way communication of time division duplex is carried out between a user；Wherein any one user can be used as a power user, while with
Remaining 31 user carries out two-way communication；This power user is also possible to that an antenna gain is higher, transmission power is biggish
Remote ground command centre station.The antenna of each unmanned plane user uses 4 array-element antennas, and each array element is located at equilateral 4 face
On the vertex of body, wherein 3 array elements carry out adaptive beamforming for selection every time, can cover around 360 degree of range.Each
User can have 1~31 adaptive beamforming unit, thus at most can 31 time slots (remove oneself it is occupied when
Gap) in respectively form a wave beam, be directed at the direction of incoming wave user.Since 3 array-element antennas can get the gain of 7dB or so, (2dB is mono-
Array element gain, the gain of 4.77dB ARRAY PROCESSING), thus while each user only had for 1/32 time can emit signal, but because receive
Hair antenna beam has the gain of 4.77dB or so to be promoted, therefore compared with single array-element antenna, the surplus of link budget can increase
The rated power of big 9.5dB, power tube needed for then reaching same transmission range can reduce by 9 times or so, alleviate significantly
The too high problem of the flat power ratio in peak.
The present invention is not limited to above-described embodiments, can adjust accordingly as needed, as in implementation method of the invention
Weight initialization step can be configured according to the actual situation；Variable step mode may be selected in iteration step length, to accelerate iteration speed
Degree；Updating weight step also can be used other adaptive iteration methods, to realize that output power maximizes target.Therefore, not
In the case where being detached from scope of the invention as claimed, those skilled in the art can carry out various modifications.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of array antenna multi beamforming method in time division multiple acess (TDMA) communication system, for given communication band B,
A length of T when every framefrm, every frame is divided into M time slot (M=4~32), and M user uses N array element in specified time slot respectively
Transmitting-receiving share antenna and send and receive signal, wherein the array antenna of any one user forms K wave beam (K=1~M)
Method, it is characterised in that:
(1) its receiving end includes: N number of radio frequency-intermediate frequency-baseband signal processing unit (101), N number of quadrature frequency conversion and sampling
Quantifying unit (102), N number of time-division tapping unit (103), K adaptive beamforming computing unit (104)；Its multi-beam is certainly
Adapting to the signal processing shaped, steps are as follows:
The road N signal received by 101:N bay of step, passes through corresponding Unit 101 and 102 cell processings respectively
Afterwards, N number of base band complex digital signal is exported, corresponding Unit 103 is sent to；
102:N signal of step carries out time-division tap in N number of Unit 103 respectively, and respectively exporting K length is all LslotA sampling point
Sub-frame signals { xI, n(t)；I=1:K, t=1:Lslot| n=1:N, wherein LslotThe sampling point for including for each time slot of every frame
Number；This KN sub-frame signals is regarded to the vector sequence of K N-dimensional as, i.e.,
{Xi(t), t=1:Lslot}|T=1:K={ [xI, 1(t)xI, 2(t)…xI, N(t)], t=1:Lslot}|I=1:K
Each sub-frame signals are all successively arranged as the vector sequence of infinite length
Step 103: by i-th of vector sequenceIt is sent in i-th of Unit 104, using adaptive wave
Beam forming method carries out adaptive iteration right value update, and each sampling instant t exports the weight vector of a N-dimensionalFor closing
At the output signal of i-th of wave beam, i.e.,
Wherein weight vector sequenceBe also by it is each corresponding when
The L of gapslotLong weight vector sequence { WI, q(τ), q=0: ∞；τ=1:LslotArranged in succession forms, i.e.,
Then during continuous adaptive iteration, gained receives signal { Yi(t)}|I=1:KConverge on the correct defeated of K wave beam
Out；
(2) its transmitting terminal includes: baseband complex signal generates unit (201), D/A conversion unit (202), quadrature carrier modulation
Unit (203), radiofrequency signal amplifying unit (204)；Steps are as follows for its signal processing for sending multi beamforming:
Step 201: for the information of K user to be sent to, being sent to corresponding Unit 201 respectively, each one base band of output is multiple
SignalAnd they are all divided into every section of LslotThe signal segment of a sampling point, i.e.,
Step 202: the signal { U for be sent to i-th of user (i=1:K)I, q(τ) }, it is single 104 to multiply it by receiving end
Weight vector { W obtained by adaptive iteration right value update in memberI, q(τ), q=0: ∞；τ=1:Lslot, obtain a LslotLong N-dimensional
Signal phasor sequenceThat is q frame, vector sequence corresponding to i-th of time slot
For
Step 203: willN-th (n=1:N) is sent to by corresponding Unit 202, Unit 203, Unit 204
The transmission signal processing channel of composition becomes being sent to n-th of bay the of q frame through duplexing coupler after radiofrequency signal
Emitted in i time slot.
2. array antenna multi beamforming method in TDMA communication system according to claim 1 is made based on the method
Array antenna multi beamforming device, it is characterised in that:
(1) its receiving end is by N number of radio frequency-intermediate frequency-baseband signal processing unit (101), N number of quadrature frequency conversion and sample quantization list
First (102), N number of time-division tapping unit (103) and K (K=1~M) adaptive beamforming computing units (104) are constituted；
The process that its multi-beam adaptively shapes is as follows:
It is multiple to obtain N number of base band after N number of Unit 101 and 102 cell processings respectively for the road N signal received by N number of bay
Digital signal is sent to corresponding Unit 103 and carries out time-division tap；Then K group is divided to be sent to K adaptive beamforming respectively again
Computing unit, the adaptive iteration for carrying out weight respectively update to obtain K group weight；And then K wave beam is formed with them and generates K
N number of reception signal is respectively synthesized a signal using the weight that K group is constantly updated by a output signal, K output letter is obtained
Number；
(2) its transmitting terminal includes: baseband complex signal generates unit (201), D/A conversion unit (202), quadrature carrier modulation
Unit (203), radiofrequency signal amplifying unit (204)；Steps are as follows for the signal processing of its K transmission beam forming:
For the information of K user to be sent to, it is sent to corresponding Unit 201 respectively, respectively generates a baseband complex signal, there are
K complex signal；In Unit 202, they are pressed into slot segmentation, and with each time slot in receiving end as obtained by adaptive iteration update
Weight vector is multiplied, and obtains K N-dimensional signal phasor sequence；It is then delivered to Unit 203,204 cell translations are radio-frequency carrier modulation letter
Number, it is sent according to K specified slot segmentations by N array-element antenna, that is, it is a identical with wave beam main lobe direction is received to form K
Launching beam.
3. array antenna multi beamforming method in TDMA communication system according to claim 1, described adaptively changes
The signal processing method of unit (104) is modified for weight and steps are as follows:
Step 201-N right-safeguarding vector initialization: W (t)=[w1(t), w2(t) ..., wN(t)]|T=1=[1,1 ..., 1]；
Step 202- is based on weight synthesized output signal: utilizing weight amount W (t), the N array element of input is received signal X (t)=[x1
(t), x2(t) ..., xN(t)] output signal Y (t)=X (t) (W (t)) is synthesizedT；
Step 203- calculates weight vector modification amount: calculating weight vector modified values according to steepest gradient hill climbing, i.e.,
Δ W (t)==μ X (t) (Y (t))*；
Step 204- weight vector tentatively updates:
Step 205- weight vector updates readjustment: byReadjustment obtains modified weight vector
W (t+1)=[w1(t+1), w2(t+1) ..., wN(t+1)]
Wherein w1(t+1)=1；
T → t+1, W (t)=W (t+1) is enabled to turn again to step 202 and continue iteration.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111726157A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-29 | 中山大学 | Adaptive beam forming method for aviation communication |
| CN111929675A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-13 | 中国人民解放军63921部队 | Four-phased array ultra-low elevation cross-airspace tracking multi-target method and system |
| CN113567936A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Single-channel multilink beam forming echo detection method based on m sequence |
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