CN110082018B - Shock wave energy passive measuring sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption - Google Patents
Shock wave energy passive measuring sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption Download PDFInfo
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- CN110082018B CN110082018B CN201910382320.0A CN201910382320A CN110082018B CN 110082018 B CN110082018 B CN 110082018B CN 201910382320 A CN201910382320 A CN 201910382320A CN 110082018 B CN110082018 B CN 110082018B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0052—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to impact
Abstract
The invention discloses a sensor for passively measuring shock wave energy based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption, and aims to overcome the defects of complex post-processing procedure, complex measuring system and the like of the conventional passive measuring method. The invention is composed of a packaging shell, a driving rod piece, a thin-wall tube energy absorption component, a wall fixing stop plate, a movable bolt and a sealing baffle ring, wherein the driving rod piece, the thin-wall tube energy absorption component and the packaging shell are coaxially arranged. The driving rod piece does not generate plastic deformation under the action of the explosive shock wave, and when the driving rod piece inserts the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component under the action of the shock wave, the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component generates deformation. And measuring the insertion displacement of the driving rod piece, and realizing passive quantitative measurement of the shock wave energy by utilizing the relation between the deformation displacement and the absorbed energy. The invention has simple structure, no need of power supply, convenient layout, low cost and repeated use, has high response sensitivity to shock waves with different strengths, and solves the technical problem that the energy of the shock waves is difficult to quantitatively test in severe environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measurement and detection, and particularly relates to a sensor for measuring parameters of shock waves generated by explosion, which is a passive sensor for measuring the energy of the explosion shock waves by utilizing the elastic-plastic expansion deformation energy absorption characteristics of materials.
Background
The methods for measuring parameters such as pressure and impulse of shock waves generated by explosive explosion can be generally divided into active measurement and passive measurement. The active measurement mainly depends on various electrical sensors, the measurement technology of the electrical sensors is relatively mature and is the most popular test method at present, various high-precision shock wave electrical measurement sensors are available on the market, but under the condition of severe natural environment, such as desert, plateau or island, and the like, under the condition that the explosion test environment is relatively complex, the problems that a precise electrical measurement device cannot be arranged, the cost is very high, the arrangement difficulty is very large and the like exist, and the active measurement by adopting the electrical sensors has great limitation; in addition, electromagnetic interference generated in the explosive explosion process may cause that the electric measuring sensor cannot acquire signals, or the acquired signals are disordered and have low signal-to-noise ratio, so that the subsequent analysis and processing difficulty is high. Therefore, designing a passive measuring sensor for the parameters of the blast shock wave improves the reliability and accuracy of the measurement result of the blast shock wave, reduces the difficulty of the test, and becomes a problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
In the existing passive measurement methods, the method for measuring the pressure parameter of the shock wave mainly adopts a Hopkinson bar, a natural effector, an equivalent target plate and the like. However, the Hopkinson bar has the defect that the system is too complicated when the Hopkinson bar is used for measuring the pressure of the wave front of the explosion shock wave; the natural effector can only qualitatively measure the intensity range of the shock wave by judging the breakage of the pine board, the glass breakage, the death of small animals and the like after the explosion shock wave, belongs to qualitative evaluation, and is not suitable for the evaluation of a large number of explosive damage power fields; the equivalent target plate method is used for calculating corresponding overpressure and specific impulse values by measuring the deformation or damage degree of a target plate after an explosion test in a back-stepping mode, although the equivalent target plate method has the advantages of being rapid in arrangement, low in cost and free of interference of parasitic effects, the equivalent target plate method has the defects that in an actual test, the difference exists between an experimental result and deformation under an ideal condition due to the fact that constraint is insufficient and the influence of other factors (springback, collision and the like) exists, the target plate needs to be maintained regularly, and the processing procedure after measurement is complex.
In summary, the existing measurement method at least has the following technical problems:
1. the existing electric measurement active sensor has the problems of electromagnetic interference, high cost, difficult wiring and the like, and can not accurately measure the shock wave energy in a relatively severe natural environment.
2. Most of the existing passive measurement methods have insufficient precision, and high-precision passive measurement has many defects, such as complicated measurement post-processing procedures, complex measurement systems, need of auxiliary measurement of a power supply, and the like.
In fact, passive measurement of shock wave energy can be obtained by deformation measurement of some materials with better deformation properties, such as some soft metal (e.g. aluminum, copper, etc.) materials, which are ideal energy absorbing materials. At present, most of the buffer materials with irreversible deformation absorb energy by using plastic deformation of the materials, and the common methods are as follows: and deformation methods such as material collapse, material cutting and material diameter expansion. The thin-wall pipe expansion energy absorption is one of material expanding deformation methods, and the method for absorbing impact energy is plastic deformation energy consumption and friction heating energy consumption in the expanding deformation process of the thin-wall pipe. The existing research shows that through reasonable design, the deformation mode and the compression load of the thin-wall pipe expanding deformation structure are stable and controllable, and the thin-wall pipe expanding deformation structure is a buffering energy-absorbing element with excellent performance. In addition, on the technical index, the resistance generated by the expansion of the inner wall of the thin-walled tube in a certain range is constant in the expanding deformation process of the thin-walled tube, the absorbed energy and the length of the expanded part of the thin-walled tube are basically in a linear relation (or a determined functional relation), and the energy-expanding displacement corresponding characteristic enables the energy-expanding displacement corresponding characteristic to be used for quantitative measurement of energy. The thin-wall pipe is generally cylindrical, and the thin-wall pipe structures with different wall thicknesses and different materials can form energy absorption structures with different specifications and accurately corresponding to different energy-deformation displacement, so that the impact waves with different strengths can be accurately measured. Meanwhile, the energy absorption structure of the thin-walled tube is made of a material with stable performance and corrosion resistance, so that the energy measurement sensor device which is stable in structure, reliable in performance and capable of being stored and used for a long time can be manufactured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption, and solves the problems of difficult wiring, electromagnetic interference and the like of an electrical measurement active sensor adopted by the existing active measurement method; the defects that in the existing passive measurement method, the post-measurement processing procedure is complicated, the measurement system is complex, or the auxiliary measurement of a power supply device is needed are overcome. The sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, quick arrangement, convenient post-result processing, high measurement precision and the like, can be used for measuring explosive explosion shock wave energy in standard target ranges, field target ranges and other severer environments, and provides a new reference selection for shock wave parameter measurement.
The thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member is utilized to quantitatively convert the shock wave energy into the embedding displacement of the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member, so that the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the shock wave energy in an explosion field is realized.
The invention is composed of a packaging shell, a driving rod piece, a thin-wall tube energy absorption component, a fixed wall stop plate, a movable bolt and a sealing baffle ring. The end of the packaging shell close to the explosion point is defined as the left end of the invention, and the end far away from the explosion point is defined as the right end of the invention. The driving rod piece and the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member are positioned in the packaging shell, and the driving rod piece, the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member and the packaging shell are coaxially arranged. The driving rod piece is tightly attached to the left end face of the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube. The wall fixing stop plate is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell through a movable bolt and used for packaging the right end face of the packaging shell. The sealing baffle ring is fixed at the left end of the packaging shell through a movable bolt so as to prevent the driving rod piece and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member from sliding out of the left end of the packaging shell.
The packaging shell is used for loading and fixing other components and is cylindrical. Outer diameter D of package body1Satisfies 0.01m<D1<0.3m, wall thickness t1Satisfies 0.001m<t1<0.1m, inner diameter d1＝D1-2t1Length L of1Satisfies 0.01m<L1<1 m; the left end of the packaging shell is partially thickened to fix the driving rod piece, and the inner diameter of the thickened part is D2Satisfies 0.7D1<D2<D1Wall thickness t2＝(D1-D2) A thickened portion having an axial length of l1Satisfies 0.3L1<l1<0.5L1. The side wall of the packaging shell can be processed with array air release holes to help the air in the packaging shell to be smoothly discharged and reduce the air as much as possibleInfluence of the body on the movement of the drive rod. The packaging shell carries the driving rod piece and the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component, and ensures that the driving rod piece can freely slide in the packaging shell without friction (the friction coefficient is mu)<0.05). The packaging shell is made of metal materials or organic glass and the like, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma1>100MPa, density rho1>1g/cm3The basic principle is that the package housing does not plastically deform when subjected to shock waves. When the packaging shell is made of a non-transparent material such as a metal material, a through groove can be formed in the side wall in the axial direction (for convenience of implementation, the left end of the through groove can be flush with the marking line), the through groove is long-strip-shaped, and the length L meets the requirement of L2<l<L1The depth is the thickness of the packaging shell, and the width w satisfies 0.01D1<w<0.1D1And whether the driving rod piece, the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing component and the wall-fixing stop plate are in close contact or not can be observed through the strip-shaped through groove. The length scale is engraved or arranged on the outer side wall of the packaging shell along the axial direction (the left side of the length scale is required to be positioned on the left side of the marking line or aligned with the marking line, if the length scale is aligned with the marking line, the length scale can be conveniently read), the division value of the length scale is smaller than 1mm, and the length of the length scale satisfies L2<Length of the length scale (10)<1.2L2. The device is used for directly reading the displacement of the driving rod piece, and the local shock wave energy value can be converted through the displacement of the rod piece. If the packaging shell is made of transparent materials, a through groove is not needed, and the length scale is directly engraved or arranged on the outer side wall of the packaging shell along the axial direction.
The driving rod is used for converting local shock wave energy in air into self kinetic energy, and is preferably cylindrical and has a diameter equal to D2Length of L2Satisfy l1<L2<1.5l1The length can be adjusted according to actual measurement needs; left end face l of distance driving rod piece2Where a marked line (e.g. a circle corresponding to 71 in figure 2) is drawn or marked on its outer surface for positioning and reading,/2Satisfies 0.05L2<l2<0.2L2(ii) a The two end faces of the driving rod piece are parallel and vertical to the central axis of the packaging shell, and the right end side face of the driving rod piece can be subjected to oblique chamfering(if the left end of the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member is processed with the oblique chamfer, the side surface of the right end of the driving rod piece is not processed with the oblique chamfer) so as to ensure that the driving rod piece can be uniformly inserted into the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member; friction-free sliding assembly (coefficient of friction mu) between driving rod and packaging shell<0.05). The driving rod piece is made of alloy materials, the materials meet the principle that the driving rod piece does not generate plastic deformation under the action of the explosive shock waves, and the materials meet the following specific requirements: yield strength sigma2>200MPa, density rho2>2.0g/cm3。
The energy-absorbing member of thin-wall tube is used for converting the kinetic energy of the driving rod piece and is cylindrical, and the outer diameter D of the energy-absorbing member3Satisfies D2<D3<d1(ii) a The left end of the energy-absorbing component of the thin-walled tube can be processed with a certain oblique chamfer, and the inner diameter of the thin-walled tube at the left end face of the oblique chamfer is D2Wall thickness t3＝(D3-D2) And/2, the wall thickness of the thin-walled tube at the right end face of the oblique chamfer and the rest part is t4Satisfies 0.0001m<t4<0.05m and an internal diameter d3＝D3-2t4The section design ensures that the whole cross section of the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member is uniformly inserted by the driving rod; the length of the thin-wall pipe is L3＝L1-L2Axial length l of the chamfer3Satisfy 5t4<l3<20t4. The thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member is made of a material with relatively good deformability, and when the driving rod piece is required to be inserted into the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member under the action of shock waves, the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member can generate relatively obvious expansion deformation, and the driving rod piece can have relatively obvious insertion displacement in the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member; the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member material is required to meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma3<1000MPa, density rho3<10.0g/cm3。
The wall fixing and stopping plate is used for fixing and sealing the driving rod piece and the thin-walled tube energy absorption member, the shape of the wall fixing and stopping plate is matched with that of the packaging shell, and when the packaging shell is cylindrical, the packaging shell is a circular thin plate with the diameter D4Satisfies D1<D4<1.1D1Thickness t5Satisfies 0.1t1<t5<1.5t1. Fixing deviceThe wall stop plate is made of hard alloy, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma4>200MPa, density rho4>2.0g/cm3The basic principle is that the wall-fixing stop plate does not generate plastic deformation when the energy-absorbing component of the thin-wall pipe deforms. The wall fixing and stopping plate is fixed on the right end face of the packaging shell through a movable bolt and used for limiting the displacement of the thin-walled tube energy absorption member on the right side. The wall fixing and position stopping plate is required to be provided with array air leakage holes, the number of the air leakage holes is 10-100, the total area of the air leakage holes reaches 20% -60% of the area of the wall fixing and position stopping plate, and therefore air in the thin-wall pipe and air between the thin-wall pipe and the packaging shell can be smoothly discharged, and the insertion depth of the driving rod piece to the thin-wall pipe energy absorption component is not influenced. The wall fixing stop plate is fixed and detached through the movable bolt, so that a new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member can be reloaded, and the sensor can be reused.
The array air release holes are used for smoothly and timely discharging gas in the packaging shell and the thin-wall tube when the driving rod piece is inserted into the thin-wall tube energy absorption member, and are usually circular through holes with the diameter phi1Satisfies 0.02D4<φ1<0.2D4. The array air release holes on the wall fixing and position stopping plate are uniformly distributed, the number of the array air release holes is 10-100, the total area of the holes reaches 20% -60% of the area of the wall fixing and position stopping plate, and enough air release holes are ensured in the inner part and the outer part corresponding to the thin-walled tube; if the packaging shell is also provided with air release holes, the air release holes in the array can be uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the packaging shell, the circumferential distribution quantity is 3-20, the axial distribution quantity is 5-50, and the total area of the holes reaches 10% -30% of the area of the whole shell.
The sealing baffle ring is used for ensuring that the driving rod piece and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component are blocked in the packaging shell, the driving rod piece is ensured not to slide out of the packaging shell from the left end during transportation and installation, the shape of the sealing baffle ring is matched with that of the packaging shell, when the packaging shell is cylindrical, the packaging shell is circular, and the outer diameter D of the packaging shell is larger than that of the driving rod piece5Satisfies D1<D5<1.2D1(ii) a Inner diameter d2The dimension of which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the driving rod, i.e. the inner diameter d20 is satisfied.9D2<d2<D2(ii) a Thickness t6Satisfies 0.1t1<t6<1.2t1. The sealing baffle ring is made of hard alloy, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma5>100MPa, density rho5>1.0g/cm3The basic principle is that the seal ring does not plastically deform when subjected to shock waves.
The process of measuring the energy of the shock wave in the explosion field by adopting the invention comprises the following steps:
before the measurement of the shock wave energy is started, the driving rod piece is ensured to be in close contact with the sealing baffle ring, and the driving rod piece, the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing component and the wall-fixing stop plate are in close contact without gaps; and ensuring that the driving rod piece and the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member are coaxial; the array air leakage hole is smooth and free from blockage. The invention is integrally and firmly fixed on a bracket, the explosion point and the normal line of the end surface of the invention are ensured to be positioned on the same straight line as much as possible, the fixed bracket is a slender rod, the material adopts alloy steel with higher strength, the diameter and the length of the bracket are determined according to specific experimental conditions, and the lower end of the bracket is fixed on the ground or a heavier support.
The driving rod is arranged at the left end of the whole device and is used for bearing the impact load of external shock waves. Whether the driving rod piece and the sealing baffle ring are in close contact or not can be directly observed and judged; the interface between the driving rod piece and the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component and the interface between the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component and the fixed wall stop plate are observed whether the driving rod piece, the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component and the fixed wall stop plate are in close contact or not through a through groove (if the driving rod piece, the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component and the fixed wall stop plate are made of machine glass); and the marked line on the driving rod is recorded by a length scale which is carved or arranged on the packaging shell along the axial direction (for example, x in figure 2)1At the corresponding shallow circular ring).
When the experiment is started, explosion occurs at the explosion point, the generated shock wave is spread in the space, and when the shock wave reaches the surface of the left side of the driving rod piece, the driving rod piece is loaded. The energy of the shock wave is transferred to the driving rod piece and converted into the kinetic energy of the driving rod piece, so that the driving rod piece starts to be inserted into the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component and compresses the gas in the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component, the gas is discharged through the array gas leakage holes in the bottom fixed wall stop plate, and the motion of the driving rod piece is not influenced.
Before the explosion impact, the position of the marking line on the driving rod piece on the graduated scale is x1(as shown in FIG. 2), after the blast impact, the marker line moves to x2(as shown in FIG. 4), x is determined by the scale1And x2The displacement quantity delta x generated by inserting the driving rod into the energy-absorbing member of the thin-wall pipe is x2-x1(x1、x2And Δ x are both m). And during judgment, the interface between the driving rod piece and the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member and the interface between the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member and the fixed wall stop plate are in close contact. The energy sensitivity coefficient of the present invention has been calibrated to be k (in kg · m/s) by the gas-driven impingement technique2) And calculating the plastic deformation energy E of the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member as k.DELTA x according to the displacement amount DELTA x and the coefficient k, namely obtaining the kinetic energy of the driving rod. Because the driving rod piece can not generate plastic deformation, the kinetic energy of the driving rod piece is the energy transferred to the sensor by the air shock wave caused by the explosion of the explosive at the explosion point, and therefore the rapid passive quantitative measurement of the shock wave energy is realized.
After the experiment is finished, the movable bolt of the fixed wall stop plate is detached and replaced by a new thin-wall tube energy absorption member, so that the sensor is reused.
The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. the invention can read the displacement delta x of the driving rod inserted into the energy absorbing component of the thin-wall pipe through the length scale carved or arranged on the packaging shell in advance, and can conveniently obtain the energy of the blast field shock wave at the sensor according to the energy sensitivity coefficient so as to complete the quantitative measurement of the energy of the blast air shock wave.
2. The thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member can be formed by adopting various forms of different materials, different diameters, different wall thicknesses and the like, so that the thin-wall tube can form richer specifications, can realize higher response sensitivity to high-strength, medium-strength and low-strength shock waves, and can be suitable for measuring the shock wave energy of an explosion near field, a medium field and a far field.
3. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, no need of power supply, convenient arrangement and use, simple and visual result, low use cost, reusability and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the energy absorbing member before the explosion impact (the left end of the energy absorbing member 3 of the thin-walled tube is provided with an oblique chamfer 31).
FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view of the present invention before it is impacted by explosion (a chamfered corner 31 is formed on the right end side of the driving rod 2)
Fig. 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of the invention after impact of an explosion.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the package body 1.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the wall-securing stop plate 4.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the device comprises a packaging shell, 2 driving rods, 3 thin-walled tube energy absorption members, 4 wall fixing and position stopping plates, 5 array air release holes, 6 movable bolts, 7 sealing baffle rings, 8 explosion points, 9 long strip-shaped grooves and 10 length scales.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting an understanding and enabling those of ordinary skill in the art to practice the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the present invention. As shown in figure 1, the invention is composed of a packaging shell 1, a driving rod 2, a thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member 3, a fixed wall stop plate 4, a movable bolt 6 and a sealing baffle ring 7. The end of the invention near the explosion point 8 is defined as the left end, and the end of the invention far from the explosion point 8 is defined as the right end. The driving rod piece 2 and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 are positioned in the packaging shell 1, the wall fixing stop plate 4 is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell 1 through a movable bolt 6 and packages the right end face of the packaging shell 1, and the sealing baffle ring 7 is fixed at the left end of the packaging shell 1 through the movable bolt 6. The driving rod 2, the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member 3 and the packaging shell 1 are coaxially arranged. The left end face of the driving rod piece 2 is tightly attached to the right end face of the sealing baffle ring 7, and the right end face of the driving rod piece 2 is tightly attached to the left end face of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component 3.
Fig. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention prior to impact with an explosion. As shown in FIG. 2, the package case 1 is cylindrical and has an outer diameter D1Satisfies 0.01m<D1<0.3m, wall thickness t1Satisfies 0.001m<t1<0.1m, inner diameter d1Satisfy d1＝D1-2t1Length L of1Satisfies 0.01m<L1<1 m; the left end part of the packaging shell 1 is thickened at the side wall, and the inner diameter of the thickened part is D2Satisfy 0.7D1<D2<D1The thickness of the thickened part is t2，t2＝(D1-D2) A thickened portion having an axial length of l1Satisfy 0.3L1<l1<0.5L1. The packaging shell 1 coaxially wraps and loads the driving rod 2 and the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member 3, and ensures that the friction force between the driving rod 2 and the packaging shell 1 is negligible (the friction coefficient is mu)<0.05). The packaging shell 1 is made of metal materials or organic glass and the like, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma1>100MPa, density rho1>1g/cm3The basic principle is that the package housing 1 does not undergo plastic deformation when subjected to shock waves. As shown in fig. 5, when the package housing 1 is made of non-transparent materials such as metal, a through groove 9 is axially formed in the sidewall of the package housing 1, the through groove 9 is elongated, and the length L of the through groove 9 satisfies L2<l<L1The depth of the through groove 9 is the wall thickness of the packaging shell, and the width w meets 0.01D1<w<0.1D1And whether the driving rod 2, the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member 3 and the wall-fixing stop plate 4 are in close contact or not can be observed through the through groove 9. A length graduated scale 10 is engraved or arranged on the outer side wall of the packaging shell 1 along the axial direction close to the through groove 9, the left side of the length graduated scale 10 is positioned on the left side of the marking line or aligned with the marking line, and the length of the length graduated scale (10) meets the requirement of L2<Length of the length scale (10)<1.2L2And the division value of the length scale 10 is less than 1 mm. An array air leakage hole 5 is dug on the side wall of the packaging shell 1.
The driving rod 2 is cylindrical and has a diameter D2Satisfies 0.7D1<D2<D1Length L of2Satisfy l1<L2<0.5L1(ii) a Two end faces of the driving rod 2 are parallel and vertical to the central axis of the packaging shell 1, so that the driving rod 2 can be uniformly inserted into the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member 3. A marking line 71 is drawn or engraved at the left end of the driving rod member 2, the marking line 71 is a circular mark and has a length l from the left end surface of the driving rod member 22Satisfies 0.05L2<l2<0.2L2. Before the explosion impact, the position of the marking line 71, namely the distance between the marking line 71 and the right end face of the sealing baffle ring 7 is x1,. The driving rod piece 2 is made of alloy materials, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma2>200MPa (based on the principle that the explosive shock wave does not generate plastic deformation), and density rho2>2.0g/cm3。
The thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component 3 is cylindrical and has an outer diameter D3Satisfies D2<D3<d1(ii) a The left end of the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing component 3 is processed with an oblique chamfer, and the inner diameter of the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing component 3 is D at the left end face of the oblique chamfer2The wall thickness of the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing component 3 is t3t3＝(D3-D2) 2; the wall thickness at the right end of the oblique chamfer 31 and the rest of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is t4Satisfies 0.0001m<t4<0.05m and an internal diameter d3Satisfy d3＝D3-2t4The design of the section can ensure that the whole cross section of the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing member 3 is uniformly acted by the driving rod piece 2; length L of thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member 33＝L1-L2And L is3>L2Axial length l of the chamfer 313Satisfy 5t4<l3<20t4. The thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is made of a material with better deformability, and when the driving rod piece 2 is required to insert the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 under the action of shock waves, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 can generate obvious expansion deformation, and the insertion displacement of the driving rod piece 2 in the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is obvious; the material requirements of the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member 3 meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma3<1000MPa, density rho3<10.0g/cm3。
As shown in fig. 2, when the left end of the thin-walled tube energy absorbing member 3 is processed with the bevel chamfer 31, the right end of the driving rod member 2 is not processed with the bevel chamfer. As shown in fig. 3, when the left end of the thin-walled tube energy absorbing member 3 is not processed with an oblique chamfer, the right end of the driving rod 2 is processed with an oblique chamfer 31, and the size of this oblique chamfer 31 is the same as the shape and size of the oblique chamfer processed by the thin-walled tube energy absorbing member 3 (i.e. the axial length l3 of the oblique chamfer 31 in fig. 2 is the same as the axial length l3 of the oblique chamfer 31 in fig. 3, the vertical length of the oblique chamfer 31 in fig. 2 is (D2-D3)/2, and the vertical length of the oblique chamfer 31 in fig. 3 is also (D2-D3)/2, because only simple machining is involved, and no further description is given here).
The wall-fixing stop plate 4 is a circular thin plate with a diameter D4Satisfies D1<D4<1.1D1Thickness t5Satisfies 0.1t1<t2<1.5t1. The wall fixing stop plate 4 is made of hard alloy, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma4>200MPa, density rho4>2.0g/cm3The basic principle is that the wall fixing stop plate 4 does not generate plastic deformation when the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component 3 deforms. The wall fixing stop plate 4 is fixed on the right end face of the packaging shell 1 through a movable bolt 6 and used for limiting displacement of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 on the right side. As shown in fig. 6, the array air release holes 5 are dug in the wall fixing stop plate 4, and the array air release holes 5 are uniformly distributed, so that air in the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 and air between the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 and the packaging shell 1 can be smoothly discharged, and the insertion depth of the driving rod 2 into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 is not affected. The wall fixing stop plate 4 is fixed and detached through the movable bolt 6, so that a new thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member 3 can be reloaded, and the sensor can be reused.
The array air release holes 5 are round through holes and are processed on the side walls of the fixed wall stop plate 4 and the packaging shell 1, and the diameter phi is1Satisfies 0.02D4<φ1<0.2D4. The array air release holes 5 processed on the wall fixing and position stopping plate 4 are uniformly distributed, the number of the array air release holes is 10-100, and the total area of the holes reaches 20% -60% of the area of the wall fixing and position stopping plate 4; the array air leakage holes 5 processed on the side wall of the packaging shell 1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the packaging shell 1, the circumferential distribution quantity is 3-20, and the axial distribution quantity isThe number of the holes is 5-50, and the total area of the holes reaches 10% -30% of the area of the whole shell.
The sealing baffle ring 7 is fixed on the left end face of the packaging shell 1 through a movable bolt 6 and is used for ensuring that the driving rod piece 2 and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component 3 are blocked in the packaging shell 1 and ensuring that the driving rod piece 2 cannot slide out of the left end of the packaging shell 1 during transportation and installation. The sealing baffle ring 7 is annular and has an outer diameter D5Satisfies D1<D5<1.2D1(ii) a Inner diameter d2Slightly smaller than the diameter D of the driving rod piece 22Inner diameter d2Satisfies 0.9D2<d2<D2(ii) a Thickness t6Satisfies 0.1t1<t6<1.2t1. The sealing baffle ring 7 is made of hard alloy, and the required materials meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma5>100MPa, density rho5>1.0g/cm3The basic principle is that the seal ring does not plastically deform when subjected to shock waves.
Fig. 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of the invention after impact of an explosion. As shown in fig. 4, after the explosion impact, the position of the marking line 71 moves to the right, that is, the distance between the marking line 71 and the right end face of the seal retaining ring 7 increases, and the scale value x corresponding to the marking line 71 is obtained through the interpretation of the scale2The driving rod 2 is inserted into the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member 3 to generate a displacement Δ x ═ x2-x1。
The movable bolt 6 of the fixed wall stop plate 4 is detached, so that a new thin-wall tube energy absorption member 3 can be replaced, and the sensor can be reused.
The above embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure and the size of the device can be adjusted correspondingly according to actual needs. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several variations and modifications (for example, prepressing the driving rod 2 into the thin-walled tube energy absorbing member 3 to a certain depth, etc.) may be made, which are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A shock wave energy passive measuring sensor based on thin-wall tube expansion energy absorption is characterized in that the shock wave energy passive measuring sensor based on thin-wall tube expansion energy absorption is composed of a packaging shell (1), a driving rod piece (2), a thin-wall tube energy absorption member (3), a wall fixing stop plate (4), a movable bolt (6) and a sealing stop ring (7);
the driving rod piece (2) and the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3) are positioned in the packaging shell (1), and the driving rod piece (2), the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing member (3) and the packaging shell (1) are coaxially arranged; the driving rod piece (2) is tightly attached to the left end face of the energy-absorbing component (3) of the thin-walled tube, and the wall fixing stop plate (4) is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell (1) through a movable bolt (6) and seals the right end face of the packaging shell (1); the sealing baffle ring (7) is fixed at the left end of the packaging shell (1) through a movable bolt (6); the left end refers to one end, close to an explosion point (8), of the shock wave energy passive measuring sensor based on thin-wall pipe expansion energy absorption, and the right end refers to one end, far away from the explosion point (8), of the shock wave energy passive measuring sensor based on thin-wall pipe expansion energy absorption;
the packaging shell (1) is cylindrical and has an outer diameter D1Wall thickness t1Inner diameter of d1Length of L1The left end of the packaging shell is partially thickened in wall thickness, and the inner diameter of the thickened part is D2Wall thickness t2The axial length of the thickened part is l1(ii) a The packaging shell (1) is made of metal materials or organic glass, a length scale (10) is engraved or arranged on the outer side wall of the packaging shell (1) along the axial direction, if the packaging shell (1) is made of metal materials, a through groove (9) is formed in the side wall along the axial direction, and the through groove (9) is long-strip-shaped;
the driving rod (2) is cylindrical and has a diameter equal to D2Length of L2The driving rod piece (2) is made of alloy materials; left end face l of distance driving rod piece2Drawing or marking a marking line (71) on the outer surface of the plate; the driving rod piece (2) is assembled with the packaging shell (1) in a friction-free sliding mode, two end faces of the driving rod piece are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the central axis of the packaging shell (1); the material requirement of the driving rod piece (2) meets the requirement that the driving rod piece (2) does not generate plastic deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave;
the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component (3) is cylindrical and has an outer diameter D3Length of L3A thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing component (3) leftThe end is provided with an oblique chamfer (31), the left end face of the oblique chamfer (31) has the inner diameter of the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing member (3) equal to D2The wall thickness of the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing component (3) is t3(ii) a The wall thickness of the thin-wall tube energy absorption component (3) at the right end face and the rest part of the inclined chamfer (31) is t4Inner diameter of d3(ii) a The thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) is made of a material which requires that when the driving rod piece (2) inserts the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) under the action of shock waves, the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) generates expansion deformation, and the driving rod piece (2) is inserted into the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component for displacement;
the wall fixing and stopping plate (4) is a circular thin plate made of hard alloy, and the wall fixing and stopping plate (4) does not generate plastic deformation when the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) deforms; the wall fixing stop plate (4) is provided with an array air leakage hole (5); the wall fixing and position stopping plate (4) is fixed on the right end face of the packaging shell (1) through a movable bolt and is used for limiting the displacement of the thin-walled tube energy-absorbing component (3) on the right side;
the sealing baffle ring (7) is annular and has an outer diameter D5Inner diameter d matching the package body2Smaller than the diameter D of the driving rod2The material is hard alloy, and the sealing baffle ring (7) is required not to generate plastic deformation under the action of shock waves.
2. The passive measurement sensor of shock wave energy based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter D of the packaging shell (1)1Satisfies 0.01m<D1<0.3m, wall thickness t1Satisfies 0.001m<t1<0.1m, length L1Satisfies 0.01m<L1<1m, inner diameter D of wall thickness thickening2Satisfies 0.7D1<D2<D1Wall thickness t2＝(D1-D2) /2 axial length of thickened portion l1Satisfies 0.3L1<l1<0.5L1(ii) a Material yield strength sigma of the package housing (1)1>100MPa, density rho1>1g/cm3。
3. Shock wave energy passive based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption according to claim 1The measuring sensor is characterized in that when the packaging shell (1) is made of metal materials, the length L of the through groove (9) meets L2<l<L1The depth is equal to the wall thickness of the packaging shell (1), and the width w satisfies 0.01D1<w<0.1D1。
4. The passive measurement sensor for shock wave energy based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the left end of the length scale (10) is at the left side of the marked line (71) or is flush with the marked line (71), the division value is less than 1mm, and the length of the length scale (10) satisfies L2<Length of the length scale (10)<1.2L2。
5. The passive measurement sensor of shock wave energy based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the driving rod (2) diameter D2Satisfies 0.7D1<D2<D1Length L of2Satisfy l1<L2<1.5l1(ii) a The distance l between the marking line (71) and the left end surface2Satisfies 0.05L2<l2<0.2L2(ii) a Coefficient of friction mu between the driving rod (2) and the packaging shell (1)<0.05; the material yield strength sigma of the driving rod (2)2>200MPa, density rho2>2.0g/cm3。
6. The passive measurement sensor of shock wave energy based on expansion energy absorption of thin-walled tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter D of the thin-walled tube energy absorbing member (3)3Satisfies D2<D3<d1Axial length L of energy-absorbing member (3) of thin-wall pipe3＝L1-L2The material of the thin-wall pipe energy-absorbing component (3) meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma3<1000MPa, density rho3<10.0g/cm3。
7. The passive measurement sensor of shock wave energy based on expansion and energy absorption of thin-walled tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness t at the left end face of the bevel chamfer (31)3＝(D3-D2) The wall thickness t of the thin-wall tube energy-absorbing component (3) at the right end face and the rest part of the oblique chamfer (31)4Satisfies 0.0001m<t4<0.05m, inner diameter d3＝D3-2t4Length l of the bevel (31)3Satisfy 5t4<l3<20t4。
8. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the wall-fixing stop plate (4) diameter D4Satisfies D1<D4<1.1D1Thickness t5Satisfies 0.1t1<t5<1.5t1(ii) a The yield strength sigma of the material of the wall-fixing stop plate (4)4>200MPa, density rho4>2.0g/cm3。
9. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption as claimed in claim 1, wherein the array air release holes (5) are circular through holes with diameter phi1Satisfies 0.02D4<φ1<0.2D4，D4Is the diameter of the wall fixing stop plate (4).
10. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion energy absorption of the thin-wall pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the array air release holes (5) on the wall-fixing stop plate (4) are uniformly distributed, the number of the air release holes is 10-100, and the total area of the holes reaches 20% -60% of the area of the wall-fixing stop plate (4).
11. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on thin-walled tube expansion energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that the package housing (1) is provided with array air-release holes (5), the array air-release holes (5) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and the axial direction, the number of the circumferentially distributed air-release holes is 3-20, the number of the axially distributed air-release holes is 5-50, and the total area of the holes reaches 10% -30% of the area of the whole package housing (1).
12. The passive measuring sensor of shock wave energy based on expansion energy absorption of thin-walled tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the sealing baffle ring (7) has an outer diameter D5Satisfies D1<D5<1.2D1Inner diameter d2Satisfies 0.9D2<d2<D2Thickness t6Satisfies 0.1t1<t6<1.2t1(ii) a Yield strength sigma of material of sealing baffle ring (7)5>100MPa, density rho5>1.0g/cm3。
13. The shock wave energy passive measurement sensor based on the expansion energy absorption of the thin-walled tube as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the right end side of the driving rod (2) is processed with an oblique chamfer (31), and the left end of the energy absorption member (3) of the thin-walled tube is not processed with an oblique chamfer.
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| CN110763389B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-08-14 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Lever cutting type shock wave energy passive measuring sensor |
| CN113280964B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-06-03 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Passive measuring device for working capacity of small equivalent explosive explosion air shock wave |
| CN114441082B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2024-04-19 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Omnidirectional explosion air impact wave energy passive measurement device and measurement method |
| CN117367808B (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2024-04-30 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Welding-free self-similar protective structure for engine static test |
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| CN103133585B (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-04-08 | 湖南大学 | Method of manufacturing energy absorption device |
| CN106949998A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-14 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of explosive charge equivalent test device and method of testing |
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