CN110034416A - A kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension and regulation method based on lap gating system - Google Patents
A kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension and regulation method based on lap gating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110034416A CN110034416A CN201910317046.9A CN201910317046A CN110034416A CN 110034416 A CN110034416 A CN 110034416A CN 201910317046 A CN201910317046 A CN 201910317046A CN 110034416 A CN110034416 A CN 110034416A
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- metal plate
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- holographic antenna
- beam position
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of regulatable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension and its regulation method, belongs to holographic antenna technical field.Holographic antenna of the present invention is constructing new holographic structure, i.e., regular gap array is arranged on the second metal plate, and RF switch is arranged at each array element center, radiates for leaky wave.Can the positive and negative anodes of each RF switch be applied with different DC offset voltages with FPGA control circuit and the DC bias networks for being set to second medium upper surface of base plate, to control being turned on or off for the RF switch.The present invention has advantage of simple structure and low cost, can easily realize the wave beam of any direction, and realizes scanning of the wave beam on pitch angle and azimuth, can reach ± 65 ° of scanning ranges.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to holographic antenna technical fields, and in particular to a kind of regulatable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension and
It regulates and controls method.
Background technique
Principle of holography is referred to and is recorded using certain photosensitive materials by reference wave and target wave interference from optical field
The interference field of formation obtains interference surface in turn, then irradiates the interference surface inverting with reference wave and obtain the technology of target wave.It passes
The film of the shooting technology of system can only record intensity signal, and holographic technique can record the intensity and phase letter of object light simultaneously
Breath, therefore the three-dimensional reconstruction of subject image may be implemented.
Research for principle of holography to be applied to microwave band just occurred after over half a century until 2010
The impedance surface of printed circuit board composition is corresponded to the way of holographic interference pattern.The basic principle is that utilizing various sizes of gold
Belong to the corresponding surface impedance of paster structure to correspond to interference strength, will be finally inversed by when reference wave irradiates the impedance surface in advance
Designed target wave.Therefore holographic antenna is easily achieved the synthesis of directional diagram, obtains desired beam position, but usually simultaneously
Do not have beam scanning capabilities.
Phased array antenna has good beam scanning capabilities, however its feeding network is complicated, array element spacing generally up to half
A wavelength leads to manufacturing cost height so that array area is big, and needs a large amount of phase shifter.The hair on the super surface of artificial electromagnetic
Exhibition, so that the planar array antenna with sub-wavelength array element spacing becomes a reality, this kind of antenna is not only compact-sized, but also feeds
Structure is simple.O.Yurduseven et al. proposes restructural complete based on the one-dimensional lap gating system leaky wave structure of microstrip line in the literature
Super skin antenna is ceased, one-dimensional beam scanning (O.Yurduseven, D.L.Marks, T.Fromenteze, and are realized
D.R.Smith.Dynamically reconfigurable holographic metasurface aperture for a
Mills-Cross monochromati c microwave camera.Optics Express,2018,26(5):5281-
5291).But the application scenarios of one-dimensional beam scanning are very limited, cannot achieve azimuth and pitch angle while deflecting.For two dimension
Beam scanning antennas, R.Guzm á n-Quir ó s et al. propose a kind of FP resonant cavity type antenna based on EBG structure in the literature
(R.Guzmán-Quirós,A.R.Weily,e tc,A Fabry–Pérot Antenna With Two-Dimensional
Electronic Beam Scanning,IEEE transacti ons on antennas and propagation,2016,
64 (4): 1536-1541), but its disadvantage is that beam scanning can only be realized on the azimuth of several fixations, and can only be realized ±
15 ° of small range scanning.
Summary of the invention
For the problems of background technique, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of waves based on plane gap array
The two-dimentional adjustable holographic antenna of Shu Zhixiang, the antenna are based on principle of holography, can be realized comprehensive two dimensional beam scanning, and tie
Structure is simple, low in cost.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system, including rf feed part, first medium base
Plate, second medium substrate, the first metal plate, the second metal plate, RF switch, DC bias networks and FPGA control circuit, institute
The lower surface that the first metal plate is located at first medium substrate is stated, second metal plate is located at the upper surface of first medium substrate,
The second medium substrate is located at the upper surface of the second metal plate, and the DC bias networks are set to table on second medium substrate
Face, the first metal plate earthing, the rf feed part are connect with the first metal plate, which is characterized in that second gold medal
Belong to and gap array is set on plate, radiated for leaky wave, the gap array includes rectangular slot unit and is located at each rectangular
The RF switch at shape slot element center, the RF switch are arranged perpendicular to rectangular slot unit short side direction.
Further, the length of the rectangular slot unit is not more than half guide wavelength, and width is not more than six
/ mono- guide wavelength；Two neighboring slot element along long side spacing be no more than 0.6 times of guide wavelength, along short side spacing not
More than 0.4 times guide wavelength.
Further, the RF switch both ends are connect with metal band respectively, and the metal band is set in gap
Contact metal band with the second metal plate；The metal band is separately connected two metallic vias, and not with the second metal
Plate contact, the metallic vias pass through second medium substrate and are connected with control circuit positive and negative anodes.
Further, the FPGA control circuit and DC bias networks are used to penetrate by applying DC offset voltage control
Frequency switches on-off.
Further, the rf feed part is coaxial SMA (Sub-Miniature-A) connector, and the coaxial SMA connects
The inner core probe of head is connected to the central point of the second metal plate, and the outer wall of coaxial sub-miniature A connector connects the first metal plate, the second metal
Annular gap is provided with for impedance matching by the center of circle of central point on plate.
Further, the internal diameter of the annular gap is equal to the diameter of inner core probe, the difference of internal-and external diameter be 0.1mm~
0.4mm, preferably 0.3mm.
Further, the RF switch is PIN diode or mems switch etc..
Further, the thickness of the first medium substrate and second medium substrate is respectively less than a quarter guide wavelength,
Width is all larger than ten times of guide wavelengths.
A kind of regulation method of the adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the plane wave function representation of target wave in free space is write out according to the beam positional angle of required target wave
Formula ψobj；
Step 2: according to known reference wave expression formula and principle of holography, calculating each gap on second metal plate
Interference field field strength at unitAs a result be stored in two-dimensional matrix in, and to each of matrix be worth into
Row normalized, gained matrix element value are between 0 to 1；
Step 3: binary conversion treatment being carried out to all elements of above-mentioned matrix: binaryzation of the setting one less than 1 and greater than 0
The element is reset to 1 if the element value is greater than or equal to threshold value s for each element in two-dimensional matrix by threshold value s,
Otherwise, 0 is reset to, the matrix that element value is only 0 or 1 is finally obtained；
Step 4: circuit control: determining the state of each corresponding position RF switch according to step 3 matrix element value, leads to
FPGA control circuit and DC bias networks are crossed, it is logical to control it to apply corresponding DC offset voltage for all RF switches
Disconnected, the DC offset voltage that element value applies when being 1 is less than its conduction threshold, disconnects corresponding RF switch, and element value is applied when being 0
The DC offset voltage added is greater than its conduction threshold, and corresponding RF switch is connected；
Step 5: if target wave beam direction (pitch angle or azimuth) changes, repeating the above steps 1 to step 4.
Further, binarization threshold s described in step 3 is 0.5~0.9.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
It is provided by the invention based on plane gap battle array and to load the holographic antenna of RF switch, it is phased compared to existing plane
For array antenna, the present invention has advantage of simple structure and low cost；Radiation theory of the invention is based on principle of holography, can
It easily realizes the wave beam of any direction, and realizes scanning of the wave beam on pitch angle and azimuth；The present invention is two-dimensional aperture
Array holographic antenna, has that gain is higher, the two-dimentional scannable advantage of wave beam compared to one-dimensional slot array antenna；It is humorous compared to existing FP
The advantage that the lumen type antenna that shakes has scanning range bigger, can reach ± 65 ° of scanning range.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the side view of the holographic antenna.
Fig. 2 is the second metal plate top view of the holographic antenna.
Fig. 3 is the slot element structural upright schematic diagram of the holographic antenna.
Fig. 4 is the RF switch operation schematic diagram of the holographic antenna.
Fig. 5 is the integrally-built stereoscopic schematic diagram of the holographic antenna.
Fig. 6 is the Direction Pattern Simulation result figure of the holographic antenna；
Wherein, (a) isPlane pattern (b) isPlane pattern.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the adjustable holographic antenna of wave beam two dimension that the present embodiment provides a kind of based on lap gating system, including first is situated between
Matter substrate 1, positioned at the first metal plate 2 of first medium base lower surface and positioned at the second metal of first medium upper surface of base plate
Plate 3, second medium substrate 4 and feed structure 5 positioned at 3 upper surface of the second metal plate.Wherein, feed structure 5 is SMA
(Sub-Miniature-A) connector, the metal shell 501 of sub-miniature A connector connect first metal plate 2, and the inner core of sub-miniature A connector is visited
Needle 502 connects the second metal plate 3, two-dimensional aperture battle array as shown in Figure 2 is etched on the second metal plate 3, and etch formation one
It is a using the tie point of the second metal plate 3 and probe 502 as the annular gap 301 in the center of circle, the internal diameter of annular gap is equal to inner core spy
The diameter of needle, the difference of internal-and external diameter are 0.1mm~0.4mm, preferably 0.3mm.It is loaded on each slot element 302 in gap array
RF switch 6, the present embodiment RF switch use PIN diode.In order to load RF switch, keeping same with RF switch
Two gaps are opened up on the outside of the rectangular slot unit of vertical direction and two thin metal band 303 is set, and gap width makes gold
Belong to band not contact with the second metal plate 3.Two metal bands 303 are separately connected two metallic vias 304, metallic vias 304
Then be connected with control circuit positive and negative anodes by second medium substrate 4, details as shown in figure 3, in order to facilitate expression internal structure,
Via hole vertical length is highlighted, metallic vias is located inside second medium substrate.With FPGA control circuit and it is set to second
The DC bias networks of 4 upper surface of medium substrate can apply different DC offset voltages to the positive and negative anodes of each RF switch,
To control being turned on or off for the RF switch.
Medium substrate described in the present embodiment uses Rogers4003 plate, relative dielectric constant 3.38, and area is
170.4mm × 170.4mm, first medium substrate 1 is with a thickness of 2.74mm, and second medium substrate 4 is with a thickness of 1mm.The frequency of electromagnetic wave
Rate is 14.5GHz, and each slot element length in gap array is that (guide wavelength is in free space to 0.47 guide wavelength
Wavelength divided by medium substrate under radical sign relative dielectric constant), about 4.94mm, width be 0.17 guide wavelength, about
1.81mm；The each unit of gap array is 5.6mm along the spacing of horizontal direction, and spacing along vertical direction is
3.8mm, gap quantity are 30 × 43.The each slot element center of gap array is integrated with a PIN diode, gives two poles
When pipe applies forward bias voltage, diode be in " conducting " status, which therefrom " be truncated, " is equivalent to two in gap at this
A λ/4 long gap, therefore the resonance frequency in gap is 2f0, do not generate Net long wave radiation；When application reverse bias voltage or not
When applying bias voltage, diode is in " disconnected " state, and gap is still the long gap λ/2, resonance frequency f at this0, produce
Raw radiation, operation schematic diagram such as Fig. 4.The overall structure stereoscopic schematic diagram of antenna is as shown in Figure 5.
The interference field field strength of reference wave and target wave interference formation is calculated by principle of holography to determine at each gap
Whether PIN diode is connected.Specifically, reference wave is the cylindrical wave of coaxial feed excitation, field strength in the present invention
Expression formula are as follows:
Wherein ψrFor with reference to wave amplitude, kgFor guided wave wave number, r is radial distance；Assuming that target wave off-normal on pitch angle
Angle is θ0, in azimuth angle beIts field strength expression formula are as follows:
Wherein ψmFor target wave amplitude, k0For the wave number in free space, x, y, z is the coordinate in rectangular coordinate system；Due to interference plane
In XOY plane (two-dimensional surface), so z is constantly equal to 0；X, y are converted into polar coordinates, i.e.,
WhereinHolographic interference formula (interference field expression formula) are as follows:
Therefore the expression formula of final interference field field strength are as follows:
In above-mentioned formulaFor the direction for the target wave that we need.After the direction of target wave needed for known, on
State interference field field strength be aboutFunction.By the polar coordinates of each slit centersAbove-mentioned formula is substituted into fall into a trap
A two-dimensional matrix can be obtained after calculation, extract the maximum value maxValue and minimum value minValue in the two-dimensional matrix, and
Normalized is done to each element ν, normalizes mode are as follows:
The value ν ' of each element of the two-dimensional matrix is between 0 to 1 after normalization.Two further are carried out to two-dimensional matrix
Value processing: taking binarization threshold s is 0.9, to each element, when element value is more than or equal to the threshold value, by the element value
It is set as 1, being otherwise provided as 0, (wherein, the selection of binarization threshold can be according to antenna gain and beam-pointing accuracy needed for testing
It is selected, such as finds that some directive gain of antenna is too low, can reduce threshold value increases radiating slot to improve gain).It will
The matrix feedback applies corresponding direct current to all pin diode switches according to the matrix information to control circuit, control circuit
Bias voltage: if the corresponding matrix element value of some slot element is 1, biasing is not applied to the PIN diode in gap at this
Voltage makes diode current flow at this, otherwise applies forward bias voltage to the PIN diode in gap at this, makes its disconnection.If thinking
Realize the beam position of other angles, it is only necessary to by angle valueIt repeats the above steps after change.
The far field radiation pattern of all directions of this Antenna Operation at 14.5GHz is as shown in Figure 6: (a), (b) respectively
When for azimuth being 0 °, 45 °, scanning result of the wave beam on pitching face embodies the controllable ability of two dimension of wave beam；Wave beam exists
Maximum deflection angle on pitching face can reach 65 °.Simulation software used is CST Microwave Studio 2016.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, any feature disclosed in this specification, except non-specifically
Narration, can be replaced by other alternative features that are equivalent or have similar purpose；Disclosed all features or all sides
Method or in the process the step of, other than mutually exclusive feature and/or step, can be combined in any way.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system, including rf feed part, first medium substrate,
Second medium substrate, the first metal plate, the second metal plate, RF switch, DC bias networks and FPGA control circuit, described
One metal plate is located at the lower surface of first medium substrate, and second metal plate is located at the upper surface of first medium substrate, described
Second medium substrate is located at the upper surface of the second metal plate, and the DC bias networks are set to the upper table of second medium substrate
Face, the first metal plate earthing, the rf feed part are connect with the first metal plate, which is characterized in that second gold medal
Belong to and gap array is set on plate, radiated for leaky wave, the gap array includes rectangular slot unit and is located at each rectangular
The RF switch at shape slot element center, the RF switch are arranged perpendicular to rectangular slot unit short side direction.
2. a kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State failing to grow up in half guide wavelength for rectangular slot unit, width is not more than 1/6th guide wavelengths, and adjacent two
A slot element is no more than 0.6 times of guide wavelength along the spacing of long side, and the spacing along short side is no more than 0.4 times of guide wavelength.
3. a kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states RF switch both ends to connect with metal band respectively, the metal band is not contacted with the second metal plate；The metal band
Two metallic vias are separately connected, and are not contacted with the second metal plate, the metallic vias passes through second medium substrate and control
Circuit positive and negative anodes are connected.
4. a kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states FPGA control circuit and DC bias networks is used to control the on-off of RF switch by applying DC offset voltage.
5. a kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating rf feed part is coaxial sub-miniature A connector, and the inner core probe of the coaxial sub-miniature A connector is connected to the center of the second metal plate
Point, the outer wall of coaxial sub-miniature A connector connect the first metal plate, the center of circle are provided with annular gap using central point on the second metal plate and uses
In impedance matching.
6. a kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating RF switch is PIN diode or mems switch.
7. a kind of adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The thickness for stating first medium substrate and second medium substrate is respectively less than a quarter guide wavelength, and width is all larger than ten times of guided wave waves
It is long.
8. a kind of regulation method of the adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the plane wave function of target wave in free space is write out according to the beam positional angle of required target wave and pitch angle
Expression formula ψobj；
Step 2: according to known reference wave expression formula and principle of holography, calculating each slot element on second metal plate
The interference field field strength at placeAs a result it is stored in two-dimensional matrix, and each value in matrix is returned
One change processing, gained matrix element value are between 0 to 1；
Step 3: binary conversion treatment being carried out to all elements of above-mentioned matrix: binarization threshold of the setting one less than 1 and greater than 0
The element is reset to 1 if the element value is greater than or equal to threshold value s for each element in two-dimensional matrix by s, otherwise,
0 is reset to, the matrix that element value is only 0 or 1 is finally obtained；
Step 4: circuit control: determining the state of each corresponding position RF switch according to step 3 matrix element value, pass through
FPGA control circuit and DC bias networks are the corresponding DC offset voltage of all RF switches application to control its on-off,
The DC offset voltage that element value applies when being 1 is less than its conduction threshold, disconnects corresponding RF switch, and element value applies when being 0
DC offset voltage be greater than its conduction threshold, corresponding RF switch is connected；
Step 5: if target wave beam direction changes, repeating the above steps 1 to step 4.
9. a kind of regulation method of the adjustable holographic antenna of beam position two dimension based on lap gating system as claimed in claim 8,
It is characterized in that, binarization threshold s described in step 3 is 0.5~0.9.
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Cited By (20)
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| CN111585028A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-25 | 华南理工大学 | Digital coding holographic antenna and regulating and controlling method thereof |
| CN111682317A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-09-18 | 电子科技大学 | Two-dimensional beam scanning holographic leaky-wave antenna based on liquid crystal |
| CN112002996A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-27 | 北京邮电大学 | Design method of four-polarization reconfigurable super-surface antenna |
| CN112688046A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-20 | 华南理工大学 | Near-field focusing holographic array antenna and regulation and control method |
| CN113471716A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-10-01 | 华南理工大学 | Holographic antenna, control method, computer device, and storage medium |
| US20220232396A1 (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-07-21 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Installation of repeaters for a millimeter wave communications network |
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| US11670849B2 (en) | 2020-04-13 | 2023-06-06 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Aimable beam antenna system |
| US11706722B2 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2023-07-18 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Communication of wireless signals through physical barriers |
| US11757180B2 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2023-09-12 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Switchable patch antenna |
| WO2023184376A1 (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Holographic antenna, beam control method, electronic device and computer-readable medium |
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| US11848478B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 | 2023-12-19 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Thermal compensation for a holographic beam forming antenna |
| WO2024000226A1 (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Holographic antenna and manufacturing method therefor, and electronic device |
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| US11929822B2 (en) | 2021-07-07 | 2024-03-12 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Multipath repeater systems |
| US11937199B2 (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2024-03-19 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Time-division-duplex repeaters with global navigation satellite system timing recovery |
| US11968593B2 (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2024-04-23 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Wireless communication network management for user devices based on real time mapping |
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| US11757180B2 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2023-09-12 | Pivotal Commware, Inc. | Switchable patch antenna |
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