CN109991103A - A kind of shearing strength test device and its shearing strength and static sounding test method - Google Patents
A kind of shearing strength test device and its shearing strength and static sounding test method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241001149930 Protura <class> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shearing strength test device and its shearing strengths and static sounding test method, including pedestal, injection system, rotation system and measuring system, injection system is installed on the base, and rotation system is connect with injection system, and measuring system is connect with rotation system；Measuring system includes feeler lever and conehead, and one end of feeler lever is connect with rotation system, and the other end of feeler lever is connect with conehead；Conehead includes the first conehead and the second conehead, the first conehead and the second conehead is replaceable is connected on feeler lever；The middle part of first conehead is provided circumferentially about ring manometer；The fan-shaped conical plate uniform vertical of second conehead is arranged on the circumference of conehead ontology；The present invention can the cohesive strength of the quick and convenient acquirement soil body in scene and the data of soil body internal friction angle；The measurement that traditional vane shear test is only used for weak soil soil layer is efficiently solved, cohesive strength, the narrow problem of use scope can only be measured；Apparatus structure is simple, small volume, use easy to carry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field, in particular to a kind of shearing strength test device and its shearing strength and
Static sounding test method.
Background technique
Currently, the investment of highway slope diseases harnessing project is huge, the effect of the slope treatment measure for the engineering that completed is commented
Valence only carries out final acceptance of construction according to existing industry standard.Safeguard procedures are administered after entering operation whether " under to the ill
Medicine ", if produce a desired effect, regulation effect is that bad etc. research is seldom.Ecological slope protection is a Men Xinxing
Technology, still unmature design, construction and protection effect quantitative assessment specification both at home and abroad, as the application of ecological engineering slope protection is advised
The expansion of mould, the problem of encountering, will become increasingly complex, and rely only on some construction experiences and often be difficult to solve these problems；Such as:
The problem of reinforcement material dosage, very few it will cause the unstable of slope surface；It is excessive, it will form waste, it is not economical enough.
It is existing in geotechnical engineering, the bearing capacity of the general shearing strength evaluation soil body using the soil body or resist landslide energy
Power, the cohesive strength and internal friction angle of the shearing strength such as soil body；And (penetration test is for example round for penetration test in situ suitable at present
Bore dynamic penetration test) or load test, the normal stress intensity data of soil may only be obtained, the shearing resistance that can not acquire the soil body is strong
Degree；Rectangle vane shear test is the simple and reliable home position testing method of one kind of quick measurement soil layer shearing strength, but
It is only applicable to coastal saturated soft soil area clay layer, and the cohesive strength c of the soil body can only be measured, soil body internal friction angle can not be measuredValue, restricted application.
Currently, it is domestic without suitable geotechnical investigation equipment, it can the quick and convenient cohesive strength c for obtaining the soil body in scene
With soil body internal friction angleEtc. shearing strengths data；Therefore, the shearing strength for finding a kind of easy reliable in-site detecting soil body is set
Standby is that need solve the problems, such as at present.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of shearing strength test devices
And its shearing strength and static sounding test method, it can friction in the quick and convenient cohesive strength c and the soil body for obtaining the soil body in scene
AngleData.
To reach realization above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of shearing strength test device, including pedestal, injection system, rotation system and measuring system, injection system peace
On the base, rotation system is connect dress with injection system, and measuring system is connect with rotation system；Measuring system includes feeler lever and cone
One end of head, feeler lever is connect with rotation system, and the other end of feeler lever is connect with conehead；Conehead includes the first conehead and the second cone
Head, the first conehead and the second conehead is replaceable is connected on feeler lever；First conehead is conical structure, the middle part circle of the first conehead
Ring manometer is provided on week；Second conehead includes conehead ontology and fan-shaped conical plate four identical pieces of, conehead ontology and
The shape size of one conehead is identical, and fan-shaped conical plate uniform vertical four identical pieces of is arranged on the circumference of conehead ontology.
Further, feeler lever includes outer cylinder, strain tube, force-guided stem, foil gauge, plug screw and sphere；Outer cylinder is both ends open
Cylindrical structure, one end of outer cylinder is fixedly connected with rotation system；Strain tube is co-axially located in outer cylinder, and strain tube is one end
Cylindrical structure open at one end is closed, the closed end of strain tube is arranged close to rotation system；In the open end and outer cylinder of strain tube
Wall is fixedly connected；Force-guided stem is co-axially located in strain tube, and one end of force-guided stem is connected by the closed end of sphere and strain tube,
The other end of force-guided stem stretches out outer cylinder；Plug screw is set on force-guided stem, and plug screw is fixedly connected with the inner wall of outer cylinder；It is set on force-guided stem
It is equipped with annular convex platform, the end face of annular convex platform and plug screw offsets connection, and annular convex platform is arranged close to strain tube；Foil gauge setting exists
On the surface of strain tube, the extension end of force-guided stem is fixedly connected with conehead.
It further, further include strain compensation piece, strain compensation piece is arranged on the barrel of strain tube；Foil gauge includes pair
Claim two foil gauges of setting, strain compensation piece includes symmetrically arranged two strain compensation pieces, foil gauge and strain compensation piece
It is connect using four bridgings.
Further, injection system include first motor, first gear, second gear, drive screw, nut, outer tube and
Inner tube, first motor are arranged on the base, and the output shaft of first motor is connect with first gear, and second gear is nibbled with first gear
It closes；One end of drive screw is fixedly connected with second gear, and the other end of drive screw is free end；Nut is set in transmission spiral shell
On bar, one end of inner tube is fixedly connected with nut, and the other end of inner tube is connect with rotation system；Outer tube is set in the outer of inner tube
One end of side, outer tube is fixedly connected with pedestal, and the other end of outer tube is free end；It is provided with positive stop lug boss on the inner wall of outer tube,
Positive stop lug boss is parallel with the axis of outer tube, and limiting groove is provided in the outer circumference of nut, and limiting groove is matched with positive stop lug boss
Close connection.
Further, rotation system includes the second motor, third gear, the 4th gear, shaft and drill chuck, the second motor
It is fixedly connected with injection system, the output shaft of the second motor is connect with third gear, and the 4th gear is engaged with third gear, shaft
One end connect with the 4th gear, the other end of shaft is fixedly connected with drill chuck.
Further, outer housing and annular endplate, outer housing are the cylinder cylindrical structure of both ends open, and outer housing is set in
The outside of injection system, rotation system and measuring system；One end of outer housing is fixedly connected with pedestal, and the other end of outer housing is
Free end；Annular endplate is concordant with outer housing free end and is fixedly connected, and annular endplate is vertically arranged with outer housing.
Further, it is provided with internal screw thread in the cone of conehead, the company of being screwed is used between conehead and rotation system
It connects.
Further, foil gauge uses BF350 type foil gauge.
The present invention also provides a kind of field shear test strength test methods, comprising the following steps:
First conehead is mounted on feeler lever by step 1, and starting injection system closes rotation system, will by injection system
First conehead is pressed into predetermined depth soil layer, and the normal stress σ of the depth soil body is measured using ring manometern；
Step 2 closes injection system, starting rotation system, and measuring system utilizes in the state of being not loaded with vertical load
Rotation system is that measuring system applies torque, measures peak torque T0, T0The intrinsic friction generated between measuring system and soil layer
Power；
Step 3 unloads the first conehead, and the second conehead is mounted on feeler lever, in the same position or deviation 5- of step 1
At the position of 10cm, the second conehead is pressed into default soil layer, the compression distance of the compression distance of the second conehead and the first conehead
It is identical；It is then shut off injection system, starting rotation system, is that measuring system applies torque, the second cone of rotation using rotation system
Soil body failure by shear is formed coniform failure mechanics by head, and the soil body resists the peak torque T of torqueN；
Step 4, the cutting torsion T=T that the second conehead shearing soil body is obtained according to step 2,3N-T0；
Step 5 is repeated as many times in same soil layer or side slope and tests, and obtains multiple groups σnAnd TNValue, utilizes formulaDetermine the numerical value of array τ；In formula, H is the height that soil layer shears cone circular cone；θ is to bore face axle center of inclining
Corresponding angle；τ is shear stress；
Step 6 utilizes Coulomb's equationOr empirical formula method seeks the cohesive strength c and internal friction angle of the soil body
The present invention also provides a kind of static sounding test methods, comprising the following steps:
First conehead is mounted on feeler lever by step 1, and starting injection system closes rotation system, will by injection system
First conehead is pressed into predetermined depth soil layer, using the strain data of the foil gauge on strain tube, obtains what the first conehead was subject to
Soil body resistance and side-friction force；
The soil body resistance and side-friction force that step 2, the first conehead are subject to, analysis obtain the physico-mechanical properties of the soil body.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
A kind of test device of shearing strength of the present invention, apparatus structure is simple, small volume, use easy to carry.
Further, by the way that strain tube is arranged in feeler lever, it is provided with foil gauge on strain tube, by obtaining to foil gauge
Pressure data realize to the Physical Characteristic Analysis of detection zone soil property, realize the function of static sounding, realize a kind of dress
Set play multiple functions effect, filled up side slope surface Soil Parameters can not in-situ test blank.
Further, it by the way that annular endplate is arranged in the end of outer housing, in use, annular endplate is close to slope surface, protects
It has demonstrate,proved in the vertical injection soil body of conehead.
The present invention also provides a kind of test methods of field shear test intensity, can the quick and convenient acquirement cohesive strength c in scene
With soil body internal friction angleData；The measurement that traditional vane shear test is only used for weak soil soil layer is efficiently solved, only
Mono- monodrome of cohesive strength c, the narrow problem of use scope can be measured.
The present invention also provides a kind of static sounding test methods, will with constant injection rate using the quasi- static(al) of the present apparatus
In circular cone probe indentation soil, the soil body resistance and side friction size being subject to according to the conehead measured carry out the indirect judgement soil body
Physico-mechanical properties realize the purpose of static sounding；The present invention is suitable for flat site and side slope surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of test device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the injection system structure diagram in test device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the outer tube structure schematic diagram in test device of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the nut structure diagram in test device of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the measuring system structural schematic diagram in test device of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the first conehead structural schematic diagram in test device of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the second conehead in test device of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the screw plug structure schematic diagram in test device of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the annular endplate structural schematic diagram in test device of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the conehead side structure schematic diagram in test device of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the relational graph that soil layer cuts stress and normal stress.
Wherein, 1 pedestal, 2 outer housings, 3 injection systems, 4 rotation systems, 5 measuring systems, 6 annular endplates, 31 first electricity
Machine, 32 first gears, 33 second gears, 34 drive screws, 35 nuts, 36 outer tubes, 37 inner tubes, 38 first handles, 351 limits are recessed
Slot, 361 positive stop lug boss；41 second motors, 42 third gears, 43 the 4th gears, 44 shafts, 45 drill chucks, 46 second handles；51
Feeler lever, 52 coneheads, 511 outer cylinders, 512 strain tubes, 513 force-guided stems, 514 foil gauges, 515 strain compensation pieces, 516 plug screws, 517 balls
Body, 5131 annular convex platform；521 first coneheads, 522 second coneheads, 5211 ring manometers, 5221 conehead ontologies, 5222 fan-shapeds
Conical plate.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is explained and illustrated below with reference to the attached drawing of the embodiment of the present invention, but under
It states embodiment to be merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not all.Based on the implementation example in the implementation mode, those skilled in the art
Obtained other embodiments without making creative work, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, there is term "inner", "outside", "upper", the indicating positions such as "lower" or positional relationship
For orientation based on the figure or positional relationship, description embodiment merely for convenience and simplified operation, rather than indicate
Either implying signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated with specific range, thus cannot
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
With reference to shown in attached drawing 1, the test device of a kind of static sounding of the present invention and shearing strength, including pedestal 1, outer housing
2, the upper end of outer housing 2 is arranged in injection system 3, rotation system 4 and measuring system 5, pedestal 1, and outer housing 2 is cylinder cartridge type knot
Structure；Injection system 3, rotation system 4 and measuring system 5 are arranged in outer housing 2, and injection system 3 is mounted on pedestal 1, are turned
Dynamic system 4 is connect with injection system 3, and measuring system 5 is connect with rotation system；Injection system 3 is for pushing rotation system 4 and surveying
Amount system 5 slowly moves forward, and for driving measuring system 5 to rotate, measuring system 5 is used for quiet to soil in-situ rotation system 4
Power feeler inspection and shearing strength test.
With reference to shown in attached drawing 1-4, injection system 3 includes first motor 31, first gear 32, second gear 33, transmission spiral shell
Bar 34, nut 35, outer tube 36, inner tube 37 and the first handle 38, first motor 31 are fixedly mounted on pedestal 1, first gear 32
It is fixedly connected on the output shaft of first motor 31, second gear 33 is engaged with first gear 32；First gear 32 is actively
Gear, second gear 33 are reduction gearing；The fixed upper end for being set in drive screw 34 of second gear 33, under drive screw 34
End is free end；Nut 35 is set on drive screw 34, when first motor 31 rotates, drives drive screw 34 to rotate, nut
35 reversely relatively move along drive screw 34, realize that nut 35 pumps along drive screw 34；Outer tube 36 is cylinder
The upper end of tube structure, outer tube 36 is fixedly connected with pedestal 1, and outer tube 36 is set in the outside of inner tube 37, on the inside of outer tube 36
It is provided with positive stop lug boss 361, limiting groove 351, positive stop lug boss 361 and limiting groove are provided on the outside cylinder of nut 35
351 are cooperatively connected, and prevent from relatively rotating during nut 35 is mobile with outer tube 36；Inner tube 37 is arranged in outer tube 36,
Gap is provided between inner tube 37 and outer tube 36；The upper end of inner tube 37 is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of nut 35, under inner tube 37
End is fixedly connected with rotation system 4；The side of pedestal 1 is arranged in first handle 38, is provided with first motor on the first handle 38
31 start switch, for controlling the opening and closing of first motor 31.
With reference to shown in attached drawing 1, rotation system 4 includes the second motor 41, third gear 42, the 4th gear 43, shaft 44, bores
Collet 45 and the second handle 46；Second motor 41 is fixedly connected with inner tube 37, is arranged with third on the output shaft of the second motor 41
Gear 42, the 4th gear 43 are engaged with third gear 42；Third gear 42 and the 4th gear 43 are all made of helical gear, third gear
42 be driving gear, and the 4th gear 43 is driven gear；The upper end of shaft 44 is fixedly connected with the 4th gear 43, under shaft 45
End is connect with drill chuck 45, and drill chuck 45 with measuring system 5 for connecting；Second handle 46 is arranged in the outside of outer housing 2
Between position, the open-close on-off of the second motor 41 is provided on the second handle 46, for controlling the opening and closing of the second motor 41.
With reference to shown in attached drawing 5-8, measuring system 5 includes feeler lever 51 and conehead 52, and the upper end of feeler lever 51 and drill chuck 46 connect
It connects, lower end conehead 52 connects；Feeler lever 51 includes outer cylinder 511, strain tube 512, force-guided stem 513, foil gauge 514, strain compensation piece
515, plug screw 516 and sphere 517；Outer cylinder 511 is the cylinder cylindrical structure of both ends open, and the upper and lower ends of outer cylinder 511 are respectively provided with
There is internal screw thread, uses and be threadedly coupled between the upper end and drill chuck 46 of outer cylinder 511；Strain tube 512 is co-axially located in outer cylinder 511
In chamber, strain tube 512 is the cylinder of upper end closed lower ending opening, and the closed end of strain tube 512 is arranged close to rotation system；It answers
Becoming and screw thread is set on the outside of the open end of cylinder 512, the open end of strain tube 512 and the lower end inner wall of outer cylinder 511 are connected through a screw thread,
The closed end of strain tube 512 is arranged close to the lower end of outer cylinder 511；Being co-axially located in strain tube 512 for force-guided stem 513, leads power
The upper end of bar 513 is connect with by sphere 517 with the closed end of strain tube 512.
The lower end of outer cylinder 511 is stretched out in the lower end of force-guided stem 513, and plug screw 515 is set in the outside of force-guided stem 513, plug screw 515
Gap is provided between force-guided stem 513；Screw thread is provided in the outer circumference of plug screw 515, plug screw 515 passes through screw thread and outer cylinder
511 lower end inner walls are fixedly connected, and annular convex platform 5131, the end face of annular convex platform 5131 and plug screw are additionally provided on force-guided stem 513
515 upper surface abuts, and the annular convex platform of force-guided stem 513 is fastened on the top of plug screw 515, and plug screw 515 can be to avoid leading
Power bar 513 falls off from strain tube 512.
The lower circumferential of force-guided stem 513 is provided with external screw thread, and interior stepped hole, the lower half of interior stepped hole are provided in conehead 52
Section setting internal screw thread, force-guided stem 513 are threadably secured with conehead 52 and connect；It is recessed that the upper semisection of interior stepped hole is provided with positioning
Slot, the lower end surface of plug screw 515 are provided with positioning convex platform, and the positioning groove of the positioning convex platform and conehead 52 of plug screw 515 is coupled.
Conehead 52 includes the first conehead 521 and the second conehead 522, the first conehead 521 and the replaceable connection of the second conehead 522
On feeler lever 51；First conehead 521 is conical structure, and the middle part of the first conehead 521 is provided circumferentially about ring manometer
5211；Second conehead 522 includes conehead ontology 5221 and fan-shaped conical plate 5222 four identical pieces of, conehead ontology 5211 and first
The shape size of conehead 521 is identical, and the circle of conehead ontology 5211 is arranged in 5222 uniform vertical of fan-shaped conical plate four identical pieces of
Zhou Shang.
Further, the lower end of outer housing 2 is additionally provided with annular endplate 6, annular endplate 6 it is concordant with 2 lower end of outer housing and
It is fixedly connected, annular slab 6 is vertically arranged with outer housing 2, in use, annular slab to be close to setting with side slope surface, guarantees probe
In vertical injection soil.
The present invention also provides a kind of shearing strength test methods, specifically includes the following steps:
First conehead is mounted on feeler lever by step 1, and starting injection system closes rotation system, will by injection system
First conehead is pressed into predetermined depth soil layer, and the normal stress σ of the depth soil body is measured using ring manometern；
Step 2 closes injection system, starting rotation system, and measuring system utilizes in the state of being not loaded with vertical load
Rotation system is that measuring system applies torque, measures peak torque T0, T0The intrinsic friction generated between measuring system and soil layer
Power；
Step 3 unloads the first conehead, and the second conehead is mounted on feeler lever, in the same position or deviation 5- of step 1
At the position of 10cm, the second conehead is pressed into default soil layer, the compression distance of the compression distance of the second conehead and the first conehead
It is identical；It is then shut off injection system, starting rotation system, is that measuring system applies torque, the second cone of rotation using rotation system
Soil body failure by shear is formed coniform failure mechanics by head, and the soil body resists the peak torque T of torqueN；
Step 4, the cutting torsion T=T that the second conehead shearing soil body is obtained according to step 2,3N-T0；
Step 5 is repeated as many times in same soil layer or side slope and tests, and obtains multiple groups σn、TNValue, utilizes formulaDetermine the numerical value of array τ；In formula, H is the height that soil layer shears cone circular cone；θ is to bore face axle center of inclining
Corresponding angle；τ is shear stress；
Step 6 utilizes Coulomb's equationOr empirical formula method seeks the cohesive strength c and internal friction angle of the soil body
Computing Principle:
With reference to shown in attached drawing 10,11, if the height of soil layer shearing cone circular cone is H in the present invention, consider from conehead
Conical tip starts the fan-shaped small area to a height of h, and the conical tip angle of conehead is θ, i.e. the cone inclined surface axle center of conehead
Corresponding angle is θ；The distance of fan-shaped small area at the conical tip of conehead to a height of h is l；
The distance of fan-shaped small area at the conical tip of conehead to a height of h is the mathematic(al) representation of l are as follows:
Therefore, the small area of the cone shear plane of cone are as follows:
If the cutting stress acted in small area is denoted as τ, the torque acted in small area is t,
Therefore act on the mathematical relationship of the τ in small area and t are as follows:
Integral calculation is carried out to the torque t in small area, seeks the cutting torsion T of the second conehead shearing soil body:
Change soil layer position, according to operating method step replication, it can be deduced that the different σ of arraynAnd TN, according to TN
Value and above-mentioned calculation formula can calculate array and cut stress τ；
With reference to shown in attached drawing 11, according to the array normal stress σ found outnWith cut stress τ, with σnIt is vertical with τ for horizontal axis
Axis mapping, can in the hope of oblique line on intercept and slope, intercept be the cohesive strength c of the soil body, slope is
Mole-coulomb strength formula can also be passed through:Acquire cohesive strength c and internal friction angle
The present invention is further described below.
A kind of shearing strength test device of the present invention includes pedestal 1, outer housing 2, injection system 3, rotation system 4, measurement
System 5 and annular endplate 6；
Injection system 3 is electric pushrod, and injection system 3 includes first motor 31, and first motor 31 and first gear 32 connect
It connects, first gear 32 connects second gear 33, is connected with drive screw 34 in second gear 33, is connected with spiral shell on drive screw 34
Mother 35, first motor 31 is mounted on pedestal 1, and pedestal 1 is fixedly connected with the upper end of outer housing 2, and nut 35 is fixedly connected with
Inner tube 37, when first motor 31 drive drive screw 34 rotate when, nut 35 is relatively moved with drive screw 34, specifically and
Speech is moved back and forth between about 34 two positions of drive screw；It is in an initial position and pole for nut 35
It is moved back and forth between extreme position；It generally speaking for injection system 3, is to realize inner tube 37 to relatively move with outer tube 36,
And then rotation system 4 and measuring system 5 is pushed slowly to move forward.
The positive stop lug boss 361 and the limiting groove 351 of nut 35 that the axis direction along outer tube 36 in outer tube 36 is arranged are matched
Connection is closed, prevents from rotating during moving up and down on drive screw 34 in nut 35.
Rotation system 4 mainly includes the second motor 41, third gear 42, the 4th gear 43, shaft 44 and drill chuck 45；The
The output shaft of two motors is connect with third gear 42, and third gear 42 is drive bevel gear, third gear 42 and the 4th gear 43
Engagement connection, the 4th gear 43 are follow bevel gear, and the 4th gear 43 is fixed in shaft 44, the lower end connection of shaft 44
Drill chuck 45.
The lower end of outer housing 2 is arranged in annular endplate 6, in use, annular endplate 6 can be close to slope surface, guarantees conehead 52
It can be in vertical injection soil.
There is first motor to start switch on first handle 38, first motor starts switch control injection system 3, so that injection
Inner tube 37 in system stretch up and down, and then drives about 52 conehead flexible；First handle 46 is equipped with the second motor and opens
Dynamic switch, the second motor start switch controls rotation system 4, so that rotation system 4 is rotated, and then conehead 52 is driven to revolve
Turn.
Measuring system 5 includes feeler lever 51 and conehead 52；Feeler lever 51 includes outer cylinder 511, strain tube 512 and force-guided stem 513；Outside
Cylinder 511 is the cylinder of both ends open, and the upper and lower ends of the inner tube wall of outer cylinder 511 are equipped with internal screw thread, and strain tube 513 is set to outer
Among the inner cavity of cylinder 511；Strain tube 512 is the cylinder of end opening closed at one end and another, the open at one end of strain tube 512
The external screw thread to match with the internal screw thread of the inner tube wall of outer cylinder 511 is provided on outer peripheral surface；It is provided on the barrel of strain tube 512
Foil gauge 514；Force-guided stem 513 is cylindrical body, and the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of force-guided stem 513 is provided with external screw thread, the force-guided stem 513
The thread segment of lower end stretch out in except outer cylinder 511 and strain tube 127；Conehead 52 offers interior stepped hole, under interior stepped hole
Half portion is internal thread hole；Conehead 52 is set to the lower section of the outer cylinder 511, and conehead 511 is under its internal thread hole and force-guided stem 513
The mode that the thread segment at end matches is fixed on the lower end of force-guided stem 513；The lower end of outer cylinder 511 is equipped with plug screw 516, force-guided stem
The lower surface of 513 annular convex platform 5131 and the upper surface of plug screw 126 abut against.
Strain compensation piece 515 is additionally provided on the barrel of strain tube 512；Foil gauge there are two being set on the barrel of strain tube 512
With two strain compensation pieces.Foil gauge 514 is attached on the surface of strain tube 513, and foil gauge 514 is for measuring strain tube 512
Minor change is calculated the resistance and side friction of conehead 52, realizes the function of static sounding.
Strain tube 512 is set within outer cylinder 511 and is cooperatively connected by screw thread and outer cylinder 511, outside 512 lower end of strain tube
Screw thread is matched with the internal screw thread of 511 lower part of outer cylinder, and 512 open end of strain tube is downward；513 top half of force-guided stem deeply strains
In the inner cavity of cylinder 512, a part of lower half portion is located at the inner cavity of outer cylinder, and a part is stretched out except outer cylinder；Force-guided stem 513 stretches out
Part except outer cylinder is the thread segment of force-guided stem 513, and the thread segment of the force-guided stem 513 is matched with the internal screw thread of conehead 52,
Enable and is mutually fixed between conehead 52 and force-guided stem 513.
Plug screw 516 screws in the lower end of outer cylinder 511, and plug screw 516 matches with 511 the lowermost internal screw thread of outer cylinder.Force-guided stem
513 also pass through from plug screw 516, and the annular convex platform 5131 of force-guided stem 513 is stuck in just on the upper surface of plug screw 516, plug screw 516
It can fall off from strain tube 512 to avoid force-guided stem 513.The lower half portion of plug screw 516 is embedded in the interior stepped hole of conehead 52
In the hole that top half is relatively large in diameter.
When test, firstly, the first conehead 521 to be mounted on to the lower end of force-guided stem 513, starting first motor is started switch,
By injection system 3 slowly by the 521 indentation soil body of the first probe, stop indentation after reaching designated depth.
When the first conehead 521 enters the thrust in the soil body by foundation soil, thrust is conducted to by the first conehead 521 and leads power
Bar 513, force-guided stem 513 passes to strain tube 512 by sphere 517, thus the thrust for the foundation soil that the first conehead 521 is received
Become the tensile stress of strain tube 512, for strain tube 512 under action of pulling stress, the barrel of strain tube 512 instead gives birth to small strain, should
Small strain is in 512 elastic strain range of strain tube, therefore straining is linear strain, and foil gauge 514 can turn the small strain
It is changed to resistance conversion, is sent data in computer；Computer is converted into soil pressure and frictional resistance after being analyzed and processed to the signal
Force data, staff can be analyzed by physical characteristic of the pressure data to the region soil property.
Meanwhile ring manometer 5211 being installed in the middle part of the first conehead, the soil body can be obtained, the first conehead 521 is made
Average soil pressure, i.e. soil body normal stress；The table depth identified below on slope records the depth by ring manometer 5211
The normal stress σ of the soil bodyn。
Then, it closes first motor to start switch, opens the second motor start switch, measuring system 5 is being not loaded with vertically
In the state of load, slowly apply torque to feeler lever 51 using rotation system 4, feeler lever 51 drives the rotation of the first conehead 521, leads to
The revolving speed for crossing the second motor 41, determines peak torque T0, T0The intrinsic frictional force generated between the first conehead 521 and soil layer；
Secondly, unloading the first conehead 521, the second conehead 522 is mounted on to the lower end of force-guided stem 513, in previous step
Same position or the position for deviateing 5~10cm, the second conehead 522 is pressed into soil layer, and the indentation soil layer of the second conehead 522 is deep
Degree is mutually simultaneously stopped indentation with the indentation force deflection of the first conehead, by rotation system 4 to the second conehead 522 application torque, rotates the
Soil body failure by shear is formed coniform failure mechanics by two coneheads, by the revolving speed of the second motor 41, is determined the soil body and is resisted torque
Peak torque TN；
Then, the cutting torsion T=T of the fan-shaped two shearing soil body of conical plate probe is calculatedN-T0；
Secondly, repeating the above steps, it is repeated as many times and tests in same soil layer or side slope, obtain multiple groups σn、TNValue, with public affairs
FormulaDetermine the numerical value of array τ；In formula, H is the height that soil layer shears cone circular cone；θ is to bore face axle center of inclining
Corresponding angle；τ is shear stress；
Then, Coulomb's equation is usedOr empirical formula method seeks the cohesive strength c and internal friction angle of the soil body
Conehead 52 and feeler lever 51 are all made of low-carbon alloy Steel material in the present invention；Foil gauge 514 selects the strain of BF350 type
Piece, pedestal 1 are made of modified phenolic；Temperature self-compensation and compacted can be achieved at the same time using full-closed structure in feeler lever in the present invention
Become self compensation.
Foil gauge 514 and strain compensation piece 515 are the design of four bridges, and foil gauge 514 is used to measure the small change of strain tube 512
Change, the soil body resistance and side friction that conehead 52 is subject to is calculated, realizes the function of static sounding.Strain compensation piece 515 is used
It is compensated in parameter, foil gauge 514 is strain transducer, and strain compensation 515 is parameter compensating plate.
The conehead of miniaturization of the invention has abandoned the clumsy of traditional probe, therefore working efficiency can be greatly improved.By this
The sounding device overall weight that conehead in invention is constituted can be controlled in 10kg or so, more than existing 2T-3T lightweight static(al)
Sounding machine and artificial minor thread bore light-weight, portable, quick, quantification of targets.
The present invention provides a kind of shearing strength test method, this method can fast and convenient measurement soil layer shearing resistance in situ it is strong
Degree, efficiently solves the measurement that traditional vane shear test is only used for weak soil soil layer, can only measure mono- list of cohesive strength c
Value, the narrow problem of use scope.
Meanwhile during the test, the parameters such as the side friction of the soil body can be measured, realize the function of static sounding.This
Invention additionally provides a kind of static sounding test method, specifically includes the following steps:
First conehead is mounted on feeler lever by step 1, and starting injection system closes rotation system, will by injection system
First conehead is pressed into predetermined depth soil layer, using the strain data of the foil gauge on strain tube, obtains what the first conehead was subject to
Soil body resistance and side-friction force；
The soil body resistance and side-friction force that step 2, the first conehead are subject to, analysis obtain the physico-mechanical properties of the soil body.
The present invention realizes that a kind of device plays multiple functions, and the present apparatus is small in size, light-weight, easy to carry, is conducive on side
It is tested in the slope surface of slope.Small volume of the present invention, it is easy to operate, shear strength parameter and the realization of the soil body can be obtained simultaneously
The function of static sounding, filled up side slope surface Soil Parameters can not in-situ test blank.
Cone penetration test is a very important in-situ test of geotechnical engineering investigation, using its quasi- static(al) with
Circular cone probe is pressed into soil by constant injection rate by a series of feeler lever, according to the resistance for the soil body that the conehead measured is subject to
Power and side friction size carry out the physico-mechanical properties of indirect judgement soil.Static sounding can divide soil layer, evaluate foundation soil
Pile-base supporting layer is sought and determined to engineering characteristic, estimates the inspection artificial earth fill of driven pile pile sinking possibility and bearing capacity of single pile
Compactness and foundation stabilization effect etc..
But current static sounding instrument body is long-pending and weight is larger, can only be tested in relatively flat region, for
Side slope surface with regard to current equipment situation, and can not carry out cone penetration test.
The failure of most of soil body is failure by shear, and the failure by shear submits to Mohr-Coulomb, abbreviation M-C substantially
Criterion, if slope instability slides, itself sliding force for showing as slope sliding body is greater than the maximum that slope sliding face can play
Failure by shear caused by skid resistance then can be according to actual sliding feelings for the maximum sliding resistance that sliding surface can play
Condition is sought by M-C criterion.
In M-C criterion, include cohesive strength and internal friction angle the two shear strength parameters, the size generation of the two parameters
The shear resistance of surface soil body, and reflect the reliability of soil structures shear fails, therefore, the acquisition of shear strength parameter is analysis
The primary condition that soil body shearing resistance destroys, and for accurate prevention soil body failure by shear and predict soil body failure by shear range provide according to
According to.
In order to obtain the M-C shear strength parameter of the soil body, usually from the original soil sample of Practical Project point collection in worksite, then exist
The original soil sample of acquisition is remolded in interior, and prepares the multiple groups standard soil that can carry out direct shearing or triaxial shear test
Sample, transformed soil sample compression situation, test obtain shearing strength when failure by shear occurs for the soil body under different normal stress states,
And then these test results are fitted using M-C intensity curve in normal stress and shear strength cartesian coordinate system,
Thus M-C intensive parameter is obtained.
However, disturbance is produced to the reset condition of soil sample, so that primitive soil during standard soil sample is remolded in preparation
The self structure of the stress state of sample and remodeling standard soil sample, water content and the soil body has a certain difference, therefore laboratory test
The M-C shear strength parameter of the remodeling standard soil sample of acquisition is difficult to really reflect the shearing strength characteristic of original soil sample.Meanwhile by
It needs to prepare standard soil sample in existing Experimental Method in Laboratory, therefore, test operation process is relatively complicated, and prepares personnel's
There is also certain influences for soil sample performance of the skilled operation degree to preparation.In addition, for the soil stabilization of sheared destruction control
Property, such as the stability against sliding of side slope, the principal element of impact analysis result is often the accuracy that shear strength parameter is chosen, if
When shear strength parameter is not consistent with engineering practice, calculating acquired results may be exaggerated or conservative estimation, to give
Engineering brings unfavorable hidden danger or causes the uneconomical of Optimum design of engineering structure.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of shearing strength test device, which is characterized in that including pedestal (1), injection system (3), rotation system (4) and survey
Amount system (5), injection system (3) are mounted on pedestal (1), and rotation system (4) is connect with injection system (3), measuring system (5)
It is connect with rotation system (4)；Measuring system (5) includes feeler lever (51) and conehead (52), one end of feeler lever (51) and rotation system
(4) it connects, the other end of feeler lever (51) is connect with conehead (52)；Conehead (52) includes the first conehead (521) and the second conehead
(522), the first conehead (521) and the second conehead (522) is replaceable is connected on feeler lever (51)；First conehead (521) is circular cone
Body structure, the middle part of the first conehead (521) is provided circumferentially about ring manometer (5211)；Second conehead (522) includes conehead
Ontology (5221) and fan-shaped conical plate four identical pieces of (5222), conehead ontology (5211) and the shape of the first conehead (521) are big
Small identical, fan-shaped conical plate (5222) uniform vertical four identical pieces of is arranged on the circumference of conehead ontology (5211).
2. a kind of shearing strength test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that feeler lever (51) includes outer cylinder
(511), strain tube (512), force-guided stem (513), foil gauge (514), plug screw (516) and sphere (517)；Outer cylinder (511) is two
One end of the cylindrical structure of end opening, outer cylinder (511) is fixedly connected with rotation system (4)；Strain tube (512) is co-axially located at
In outer cylinder (511), strain tube (512) is cylindrical structure open at one end closed at one end, and the closed end of strain tube (512) is close to be turned
Dynamic system (4) setting；The open end of strain tube (512) is fixedly connected with outer cylinder (511) inner wall；Force-guided stem (513) coaxial arrangement
In strain tube (512), one end of force-guided stem (513) is connect by sphere (517) with the closed end of strain tube (512), leads power
The other end of bar (513) stretches out outer cylinder (511)；Plug screw (516) is set on force-guided stem (513), plug screw (516) and outer cylinder
(511) inner wall is fixedly connected；It is provided on force-guided stem (513) annular convex platform (5131), annular convex platform (5131) and plug screw
(516) end face offsets connection, and annular convex platform (5131) is arranged close to strain tube (512)；Foil gauge (514) is arranged in strain tube
(512) on surface, the extension end of force-guided stem (513) is fixedly connected with conehead (52).
3. a kind of shearing strength test device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include strain compensation piece
(515), strain compensation piece (515) is arranged on the barrel of strain tube (512)；Foil gauge (514) includes symmetrically arranged two
Foil gauge, strain compensation piece (515) include symmetrically arranged two strain compensation pieces, foil gauge (514) and strain compensation piece
(515) it is connect using four bridgings.
4. a kind of shearing strength test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that injection system (3) includes first
Motor (31), first gear (32), second gear (33), drive screw (34), nut (35), outer tube (36) and inner tube (37),
First motor (31) is arranged on pedestal (1), and the output shaft of first motor (31) is connect with first gear (32), second gear
(33) it is engaged with first gear；One end of drive screw (34) is fixedly connected with second gear (33), drive screw (34) it is another
One end is free end；Nut (35) is set on drive screw (34), and one end of inner tube (37) is fixedly connected with nut (35), interior
The other end of pipe (37) is connect with rotation system (4)；Outer tube (36) is set in the outside of inner tube (37), one end of outer tube (36) with
Pedestal 1 is fixedly connected, and the other end of outer tube (36) is free end；It is provided with positive stop lug boss (361), limits on the inner wall of outer tube (36)
Position boss (361) is parallel with the axis of outer tube (36), is provided in the outer circumference of nut (35) limiting groove (351), limits
Groove (351) and positive stop lug boss (361) are cooperatively connected.
5. a kind of shearing strength test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that rotation system (4) includes second
Motor (41), third gear (42), the 4th gear (43), shaft (44) and drill chuck (45), the second motor (41) and injection system
System (3) is fixedly connected, and the output shaft of the second motor (41) is connect with third gear (42), the 4th gear (43) and third gear
(42) it engages, one end of shaft (44) is connect with the 4th gear (43), the other end of shaft (44) and drill chuck (45) fixed company
It connects.
6. a kind of shearing strength test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that outer housing (2) and annular endplate
(6), outer housing (2) is the cylinder cylindrical structure of both ends open, and outer housing (2) is set in injection system (3), rotation system (4)
With the outside of measuring system (5)；One end of outer housing (2) is fixedly connected with pedestal (1), and the other end of outer housing (2) is freely
End；Annular endplate (6) is concordant with outer housing (2) free end and is fixedly connected, and annular endplate (6) is vertically arranged with outer housing (2).
7. a kind of shearing strength test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that set in the cone of conehead (52)
It is equipped with internal screw thread, is connect between conehead (52) and rotation system (4) using being screwed.
8. a kind of shearing strength test device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that foil gauge (514) uses BF350
Type foil gauge.
9. a kind of shearing strength test method, which is characterized in that utilize shearing resistance described in any one described in claim 1-8
Strength testing device, specifically includes the following steps:
First conehead is mounted on feeler lever by step 1, and starting injection system closes rotation system, by injection system by first
Conehead is pressed into predetermined depth soil layer, and the normal stress σ of the depth soil body is measured using ring manometern；
Step 2 closes injection system, starting rotation system, and measuring system utilizes rotation in the state of being not loaded with vertical load
System is that measuring system applies torque, measures peak torque T0, T0The intrinsic frictional force generated between measuring system and soil layer；
Step 3 unloads the first conehead, the second conehead is mounted on feeler lever, step 1 same position or deviate 5-10cm
At position, the second conehead is pressed into default soil layer, the compression distance of the second conehead is identical as the compression distance of the first conehead；So
Injection system, starting rotation system are closed afterwards, are that measuring system applies torque using rotation system, are rotated the second conehead for the soil body
Failure by shear, forms coniform failure mechanics, and the soil body resists the peak torque T of torqueN；
Step 4, the cutting torsion T=T that the second conehead shearing soil body is obtained according to step 2,3N-T0；
Step 5 is repeated as many times in same soil layer or side slope and tests, and obtains multiple groups σnAnd TNValue, utilizes formulaDetermine the numerical value of array τ；In formula, H is the height that soil layer shears cone circular cone；θ is to bore face axle center of inclining
Corresponding angle；τ is shear stress；
Step 6 utilizes Coulomb's equationOr empirical formula method seeks the cohesive strength c and internal friction angle of the soil body
10. a kind of static sounding test method, which is characterized in that using described in any one described in claim 2,3 or 8
Field shear test strength testing device, specifically includes the following steps:
First conehead is mounted on feeler lever by step 1, and starting injection system closes rotation system, by injection system by first
Conehead is pressed into predetermined depth soil layer, using the strain data of the foil gauge on strain tube, obtains the soil body that the first conehead is subject to
Resistance and side-friction force；
The soil body resistance and side-friction force that step 2, the first conehead are subject to, analysis obtain the physico-mechanical properties of the soil body.
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