CN109990267B - Low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxCombustion system - Google Patents

Low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxCombustion system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109990267B
CN109990267B CN201910282203.7A CN201910282203A CN109990267B CN 109990267 B CN109990267 B CN 109990267B CN 201910282203 A CN201910282203 A CN 201910282203A CN 109990267 B CN109990267 B CN 109990267B
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flue gas
biomass
fuel
combustion
low
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CN109990267A (en
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吴松
苏晓辉
吕少华
李文军
王治国
崔璐
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Dongying Xinhui Petroleum Equipment Co.,Ltd.
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Xian Shiyou University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F23C1/12—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air gaseous and pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a low NO suitable for low volatile fuel blended combustion of biomassxA combustion system, comprising: the biomass fuel drying system comprises a biomass fuel main bin, a dryer, a pyrolysis furnace, a biomass coke bin, a boiler, a flue gas mixer, a pulverized coal burner and a gas burner. The invention has the advantages that: (1) the biomass pyrolysis gas is adopted to ignite and stably burn the low-volatile coal powder, so that the good ignition and combustion of the low-volatile fuel are realized; (2) the biomass coke is used as the reburning fuel, so that the pollutant NO in the burning process is reducedxGenerating; (3) high-temperature flue gas in a boiler hearth is extracted to serve as a heating heat source of the pyrolysis furnace, and the flue gas leaving the pyrolysis furnace is used for drying biomass fuel, so that the reasonable utilization of the heat of the flue gas is realized; (4) method for conveying biomass coke into hearth for reburning and reducing NO by using flue gas leaving dryerxAnd because the oxygen concentration in the flue gas is lower, the flue gas has certain inertia compared with air, and the reburning denitration effect is further improved.

Description

Low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxCombustion system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combustion system, in particular to low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel (such as lean coal, anthracite, semi-coke and the like) mixed combustion of biomassxCombustion system belongs to heat energy engineering technical field.
Background
The biomass fuel has the characteristics of high water content, complex components, low energy density and scattered distribution. The vigorous development of biomass energy has great significance in the aspects of improving the world primary energy structure, relieving the contradiction between energy supply and demand, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, protecting the ecological environment and the like. The biomass is mixed and burned in the coal-fired boiler in a certain proportion, and the influence caused by regional fluctuation, seasonal fluctuation and biomass component difference of the biomass fuel can be adjusted by changing the proportion of the coal to the biomass. Therefore, the adoption of the coal-fired boiler for blending and burning the biomass is an effective way for efficiently utilizing the biomass resources.
Because of low volatile content, low volatile content fuels such as lean coal, anthracite, semi-coke, etc. are difficult to ignite and burn after being fed into the furnace, how to ignite and stabilize the combustion has become the main factor for limiting the combustion of the low volatile content fuels.
At present, the biomass fuel blended combustion of the coal-fired boiler generally has two technical routes: the boiler is directly mixed burning, gasified and then fed into the furnace for burning.
1. Direct mixed combustion in boiler
For direct co-firing of boilers, there are various technical embodiments, for example:
(1) the biomass fuel is premixed with coal at the upstream of a coal feeder, is ground together with the coal in a coal mill and then is sent into a pulverized coal burner through an original powder feeding pipeline to enter a furnace for combustion;
(2) after being crushed separately, the biomass fuel is input into a powder feeding pipeline at the outlet of a raw coal mill, mixed with coal powder and then enters a raw boiler burner;
(3) the biomass fuel is independently crushed and blown into a special combustor for combustion.
When the boiler is used for burning low-volatile fuels such as lean coal, anthracite, semi-coke and the like, the three mixed burning embodiments have higher design requirements on the burner because the combustion is difficult. However, relying solely on design improvements of the combustor does not meet the production needs.
Furthermore, considering the coal-fired boiler pollutants NOxThe emission requirement of the fuel is generally that an air staged combustion technology is adopted, when the air staged combustion is adopted, the excess air coefficient of a main combustion area is controlled to be less than 1, namely the fuel is ignited and combusted under the condition of poor air, and therefore the ignition and combustion difficulty of the low-volatile fuel is increased.
For embodiment (3), there is also a method of feeding the biomass fuel as the reburning fuel into the furnace for blending combustion while reducing the pollutant NOxAnd (4) discharging. The blending combustion method can not solve the problem of difficult ignition combustion when using low-volatile fuel, and the reburning fuel generally adopts air as a transport medium,reduce the reburning emission of NOxThe effect of (1).
2. Gasifying and then feeding into the furnace for combustion
For the gasification before the combustion in the furnace, the method needs to be provided with a gasification furnace for biomass fuel, which increases the complexity and investment cost of the system, and in addition, when the gasified gas is fed into the furnace as reburning fuel for combustion, the reburning gas reduces NO emissionxIs less effective than biomass particles.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the low-NO fuel mixture suitable for combusting biomass with low-volatile fuelxThe combustion system can ensure that the low-volatile fuel is smoothly ignited and combusted when the biomass fuel is mixed and combusted, and can effectively reduce pollutant NOxAnd (4) generating.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxA combustion system, comprising: biomass fuel main bin, desicator, pyrolysis oven, living beings coke bin, boiler, flue gas mixer, pulverized coal burner and gas burner, wherein:
the discharge port of the biomass fuel main bin is communicated with the feed port of the dryer, the discharge port of the dryer is communicated with the feed port of the pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace is provided with two discharge ports, one is a pyrolysis gas discharge port which is communicated with the gas burner, the other is a biomass coke discharge port which is communicated with the biomass coke bin;
the boiler is provided with an over-fire air nozzle and a reburning fuel nozzle, wherein the over-fire air nozzle is arranged above and the reburning fuel nozzle is arranged below, and the over-fire air nozzle and the reburning fuel nozzle divide a hearth of the boiler into a main burning area, a reburning area and an over-fire area from bottom to top;
the pulverized coal burner and the gas burner are both arranged on the wall of the boiler and are both positioned in the main combustion area, and the gas burner is positioned below the pulverized coal burner or between two layers of the pulverized coal burners;
the flue gas blender has two entries, an export, two entries through two flue gas pipelines respectively with the furnace upper portion of boiler, the afterbody flue intercommunication, these two flue gas pipelines all have the valve, the export of flue gas blender is through the heater intercommunication of third flue gas pipeline with the pyrolysis oven, the heater of pyrolysis oven is through fourth flue gas pipeline and desicator intercommunication, the gas outlet of desicator is through the fuel spout intercommunication of reburning on fifth flue gas pipeline and the boiler, the discharge gate and the fifth flue gas pipeline intercommunication in living beings burnt storehouse.
The low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxA combustion system, characterized by further comprising: and the discharge port of the biomass fuel auxiliary bin is communicated with the fifth flue gas pipeline.
The low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxThe combustion system is characterized in that the pressure head of the flue gas pipeline is provided by a fan.
The low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxThe combustion system is characterized in that the fan is positioned on the fifth flue gas pipeline and is positioned at the outlet of the dryer.
The low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxThe combustion system is characterized in that the boiler is a pi-shaped furnace, a W-shaped furnace or a tower-shaped furnace, and the combustion organization of the pulverized coal particles in the furnace is wall-type combustion or tangential-circle combustion.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the biomass pyrolysis gas is adopted to ignite and stably burn the low-volatile coal powder, so that the low-volatile fuel such as lean coal, anthracite, semi-coke and the like can be well ignited and burnt, and the problems that the low-volatile fuel is ignited and is difficult to burn in a boiler are solved;
(2) the biomass coke is used as the reburning fuel, so that the pollutant NO in the burning process is reducedxThe excess air coefficient of the main combustion area is more than 1, and compared with the air classification low-nitrogen combustion technology, the coal powder is easier to ignite and combust;
(3) high-temperature flue gas in a boiler hearth is extracted to serve as a heating heat source of the pyrolysis furnace, and the flue gas leaving the pyrolysis furnace is used for drying biomass fuel, so that the reasonable utilization of the heat of the flue gas is realized, the high-efficiency mixed combustion of the biomass is realized, and the investment is reduced;
(4) method for conveying biomass coke into hearth for reburning and reducing NO by using flue gas leaving dryerxAnd because the oxygen concentration in the flue gas is lower, the flue gas has certain inertia compared with air, and the reburning denitration effect is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a low NO profile of the present invention for low volatile fuel blended biomass combustionxThe composition of the combustion system is shown schematically (all intersecting lines are not connected).
The meaning of the reference symbols in the figures:
1-a biomass fuel main bin; 2-a dryer; 3-a pyrolysis furnace; 4-biomass coke bin; 5-a boiler; 6-low temperature flue gas extraction point; 7-high temperature flue gas extraction point; 8-flue gas mixer; 9-a valve; 10-a fan; 11-a biomass fuel auxiliary bin; 12-pulverized coal burner; 13-a gas burner; 14-reburning fuel jets; 15-over-fire air nozzle.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides low NO suitable for low volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxA combustion system, comprising: the biomass fuel drying system comprises a biomass fuel main bin 1, a dryer 2, a pyrolysis furnace 3, a biomass coke bin 4, a boiler 5, a flue gas mixer 8, a biomass fuel auxiliary bin 11, a pulverized coal burner 12 and a gas burner 13.
The biomass fuel main bin 1 is used for storing biomass fuel particles, such as straws, barks, branches, sawdust and the like.
The dryer 2 is used to dry biomass fuel pellets.
Pyrolysis oven 3 is used for the biomass fuel granule after the pyrolysis drying, biomass fuel granule is through 3 pyrolysis backs of pyrolysis oven, produce gaseous living beings pyrolysis gas and solid-state living beings coke, pyrolysis oven 3 has two discharge gates, one is the pyrolysis gas discharge gate, this discharge gate and gas burner 13 intercommunication, the living beings pyrolysis gas that produces in pyrolysis oven 3 passes through gas burner 13 and sends into burning in boiler 5, another is the living beings coke discharge gate, this discharge gate and living beings coke storehouse 4 intercommunication, the living beings coke that produces in the pyrolysis oven 3 sends into living beings coke storehouse 4 and stores.
The discharge port of the biomass fuel main bin 1 is communicated with the feed port of the dryer 2, and the discharge port of the dryer 2 is communicated with the feed port of the pyrolysis furnace 3.
The boiler 5 is provided with an over-fire air nozzle 15 and a reburning fuel nozzle 14, wherein the over-fire air nozzle 15 is arranged above the reburning fuel nozzle 14, and the over-fire air nozzle 15 and the reburning fuel nozzle 14 divide a hearth of the boiler 5 into a main burning area, a reburning area and an over-fire area from bottom to top.
The pulverized coal burner 12 and the gas burner 13 are both installed on the wall of the boiler 5 and are both located in the main combustion area, the gas burner 13 is located below the pulverized coal burner 12 or between two layers of the pulverized coal burners 12, biomass pyrolysis gas is sent into the hearth of the boiler 5 through the gas burner 13 to be combusted, and because the biomass pyrolysis gas is easy to ignite and combust, the flame sprayed by the gas burner 13 is used for heating, igniting and stably combusting low-volatile coal powder sent into the hearth from the pulverized coal burner 12, such as lean coal, anthracite, semi-coke and the like, so that the purpose of stably combusting the low-volatile fuel for the boiler 5 can be achieved, and meanwhile, the pulverized coal burner 12 does not need to be greatly changed in design.
The flue gas mixer 8 is provided with two inlets and an outlet, the two inlets are respectively communicated with the upper part of the hearth of the boiler 5 and a tail flue through two flue gas pipelines, the two flue gas pipelines are provided with valves 9, and the outlet of the flue gas mixer 8 is communicated with the heater of the pyrolysis furnace 3 through a third flue gas pipeline. The heating source of the pyrolysis furnace 3 is high-temperature flue gas extracted from the upper part of a hearth of the boiler 5, and low-temperature flue gas extracted from a tail flue of the boiler 5 is used as a temperature regulating agent. The low-temperature flue gas extracted from the low-temperature flue gas extraction point 6 of the tail flue of the boiler 5 and the high-temperature flue gas extracted from the high-temperature flue gas extraction point 7 of the upper part of the hearth of the boiler 5 are mixed in a flue gas mixer 8, and the mixed flue gas is sent into a heater of the pyrolysis furnace 3 to provide the temperature and heat required by pyrolysis for the biomass fuel in the pyrolysis furnace 3. Through controlling the valves 9 on the two flue gas pipelines, the flow of the extracted high-temperature flue gas and the flow of the extracted low-temperature flue gas can be controlled, the flow and the temperature of the heat source flue gas entering the heater of the pyrolysis furnace 3 are adjusted, and then the pyrolysis process temperature in the pyrolysis furnace 3 can be controlled, so that the gas and coke yield during the pyrolysis of the biomass fuel is controlled. The higher the pyrolysis process temperature, the more biomass pyrolysis gas is produced while producing less biomass char, and vice versa. When the ignition and stable combustion requirements of the low-volatile fuel are increased, the amount of biomass pyrolysis gas is increased by increasing the pyrolysis process temperature of the pyrolysis furnace 3, and then the heat release of combustion of the gas fuel in the furnace is increased, and the adaptability and adjustability of the system to the fuel are improved through the design.
The heater of the pyrolysis furnace 3 is communicated with the dryer 2 through a fourth flue gas pipeline, and the gas outlet of the dryer 2 is communicated with the reburning fuel nozzle 14 on the boiler 5 through a fifth flue gas pipeline. The flue gas (after releasing certain heat and cooling) leaving the pyrolysis furnace 3 is sent into the dryer 2 to be used as a heat source to dry biomass fuel particles, the dried water is carried out to separate the dryer 2, and the dried fuel is sent into the pyrolysis furnace 3. The biomass fuel particles are dried and dewatered before pyrolysis, the heat value of the generated biomass pyrolysis gas can be improved, and meanwhile, the heat of the flue gas is reasonably utilized.
The biomass coke bin 4 is used for storing biomass coke generated in the pyrolysis furnace 3, and a discharge hole of the biomass coke bin 4 is communicated with the fifth flue gas pipeline. When the flue gas from the air outlet of the dryer 2 flows through the biomass coke bin 4, the flue gas carries the biomass coke in the biomass coke bin 4 to the reburning fuel nozzle 14 of the boiler 5, and the biomass coke is sent to the hearth of the boiler 5 through the reburning fuel nozzle 14 to reburn and reduce NOx。
As a preferable scheme, a biomass fuel sub-bin 11 is further arranged on a section of the flue gas pipeline from the gas outlet of the dryer 2 to the reburning fuel nozzle 14, that is, a biomass fuel sub-bin 11 is arranged on the fifth flue gas pipeline, and a discharge port of the biomass fuel sub-bin 11 is communicated with the fifth flue gas pipeline. The biomass fuel secondary bin 11 is used for adjusting and supplementing the amount of reburning fuel fed into the hearth, namely for adjusting the reburning degree and the blending ratio of biomass of the whole system. Because the oxygen concentration in the flue gas is lower than that in the air, the effect of reburning denitration can be enhanced by adopting the flue gas to convey reburning fuel.
The pressure head of the flue gas duct is provided by a fan 10, which fan 10 is located on the fifth flue gas duct and at the outlet of the dryer 2.
When the boiler 5 is in operation, the excess air coefficient (for the fuel injected into the main combustion zone, including pulverized coal and biomass pyrolysis gas) in the main combustion zone is kept to be larger than 1, namely, the fuel is combusted under the oxidizing condition, and compared with the air classification low-nitrogen combustion technology, the combustion method is more favorable for the ignition and combustion of low-volatile fuel; when the reburning fuel is injected, the excess air coefficient (for all the fuel injected into the hearth, the reburning fuel such as coal powder, biomass pyrolysis gas, biomass coke and the like) in the reburning area is less than 1, so that the fuel reburning and reducing the pollutant NO under the condition of oxygen deficiencyx(ii) a And finally, injecting over-fire air to ensure that the coefficient of excess air (for all fuels) in the over-fire area is more than 1, and the over-fire air is used for over-fire of all fuels in the hearth.
In this embodiment, the boiler 5 is a "pi" type furnace, which may also be a "W" type furnace or a tower type furnace, and the combustion organization of the pulverized coal particles in the furnace includes wall-type combustion and tangential-circle combustion.
In addition, in this embodiment, the flue gas flows through the pyrolysis furnace 3 first and then flows through the dryer 2, and the flow sequence of the flue gas may also be that the flue gas flows through the dryer 2 first and then flows through the pyrolysis furnace 3.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. Low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxA combustion system, comprising: biomass fuel main bin (1), desicator (2), pyrolysis oven (3), living beings coke bin (4), boiler (5), flue gas blender (8), pulverized coal burner (12) and gas burner (13), wherein:
the discharge hole of the biomass fuel main bin (1) is communicated with the feed hole of the dryer (2), the discharge hole of the dryer (2) is communicated with the feed hole of the pyrolysis furnace (3), the pyrolysis furnace (3) is provided with two discharge holes, one discharge hole is a pyrolysis gas discharge hole, the discharge hole is communicated with the gas burner (13), the other discharge hole is a biomass coke discharge hole, and the discharge hole is communicated with the biomass coke bin (4);
the boiler (5) is provided with an over-fire air nozzle (15) and a reburning fuel nozzle (14), the over-fire air nozzle (15) is arranged above the reburning fuel nozzle (14) and divides a hearth of the boiler (5) into a main burning area, a reburning area and an over-fire area from bottom to top;
the pulverized coal burner (12) and the gas burner (13) are both arranged on the wall of the boiler (5) and are both positioned in the main combustion area, and the gas burner (13) is positioned below the pulverized coal burner (12) or between two layers of the pulverized coal burners (12);
the flue gas mixer (8) is provided with two inlets and an outlet, the two inlets are respectively communicated with the upper part of a hearth of the boiler (5) and a tail flue through two flue gas pipelines, the two flue gas pipelines are provided with valves (9), the outlet of the flue gas mixer (8) is communicated with a heater of the pyrolysis furnace (3) through a third flue gas pipeline, the heater of the pyrolysis furnace (3) is communicated with the dryer (2) through a fourth flue gas pipeline, the gas outlet of the dryer (2) is communicated with a reburning fuel nozzle (14) on the boiler (5) through a fifth flue gas pipeline, and the discharge hole of the biomass coke bin (4) is communicated with the fifth flue gas pipeline;
further comprising: the auxiliary biomass fuel bin (11) is communicated with a discharge hole of the auxiliary biomass fuel bin (11) through a fifth flue gas pipeline, a pressure head of the flue gas pipeline is provided by a fan (10), and the fan (10) is located on the fifth flue gas pipeline and located at an outlet of the dryer (2).
2. The low NO process of claim 1 for biomass blending with low volatile fuelxThe combustion system is characterized in that the boiler (5) is a pi-shaped furnace, a W-shaped furnace or a tower-type furnace, and the combustion organization of the pulverized coal particles in the furnace is wall-type combustion or tangential-circle combustion.
CN201910282203.7A 2019-04-09 2019-04-09 Low NO suitable for low-volatile fuel co-combustion of biomassxCombustion system Active CN109990267B (en)

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CN113154364A (en) * 2021-04-07 2021-07-23 煤科院节能技术有限公司 Large-proportion mixing straw combustion experimental method for high-speed pulverized coal burner
CN113175665B (en) * 2021-04-20 2023-04-28 西安交通大学 System and method for low NOx of semicoke and anti-slagging and co-firing
CN113883528B (en) * 2021-10-18 2022-06-10 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 Multi-source waste disposal system and method based on pulverized coal fired boiler

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Effective date of registration: 20221104

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Patentee after: Dongying Xinhui Petroleum Equipment Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 710065, No. 18, two East, electronic road, Shaanxi, Xi'an

Patentee before: XI'AN SHIYOU University