CN109981511B

CN109981511B - Data transmission based on non-orthogonal multiple access

Info

Publication number: CN109981511B
Application number: CN201711450204.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴艺群; 陈雁
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-27
Filing date: 2017-12-27
Publication date: 2021-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2037-12-27
Also published as: WO2019128781A1; CN109981511A

Abstract

The application provides a data transmission method and device based on non-orthogonal multiple access, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a codebook according to an expansion mode, wherein the expansion mode comprises an expansion factor and/or an expansion resource dimension; preprocessing input data according to a codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol; the preprocessed output symbols are sent. By the data transmission method and the data transmission device, the transmission efficiency of a system adopting the NOMA technology can be improved.

Description

Data transmission based on non-orthogonal multiple access

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for data transmission based on non-orthogonal multiple access.

Background

In a wireless communication system, for example, in the 5th generation (5G) system, a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme may be introduced, which may be used to increase system capacity. The NOMA technique may be applied to a variety of application scenarios, such as large connection scenarios. Particularly, for an uplink large connection scene, the NOMA technology has obvious performance advantages and is more suitable for the deployment of a future system. Therefore, how to improve the transmission efficiency of the system using NOMA is very worthy of being researched.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a data transmission method and device, which can improve the transmission efficiency of a system using the NOMA technology.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, including: determining a codebook according to an expansion mode, wherein the expansion mode comprises an expansion factor and/or an expansion resource dimension; preprocessing input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol; the preprocessed output symbols are transmitted.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the corresponding codebook is determined to be used for preprocessing according to the expansion factor and/or the resource dimension, interference among different data transmission or the peak-to-average ratio of the transmitted signal can be reduced by selecting the proper codebook, and the performance of a system using the NOMA technology can be improved.

In some possible implementations, the method further includes: the spreading manner is determined according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

The data sending end can determine the expansion mode according to the frame structure of the transmission data, the sending waveform or the resource allocation information of the transmission data, and can also determine the expansion mode according to at least two of the frame structure, the sending waveform and the resource allocation information of the transmission data, so that the appropriate expansion mode can be selected more flexibly, the transmission resources can be better utilized, and the transmission efficiency of a system using the NOMA technology is improved.

In some possible implementations, the determining the spreading manner according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data includes: determining an expansion mode set according to at least one of the frame structure of the transmission data, the sending waveform and the resource allocation information of the transmission data; and determining the expansion mode according to the expansion mode set.

The data sending end determines an expansion mode set firstly, and the expansion mode set can contain at least one expansion mode, so that a proper expansion mode can be selected more flexibly, and different requirements of more data transmission can be met.

In some possible implementations, the determining the expansion manner according to the expansion manner set includes: determining an extension mode index, wherein the extension mode index is used for indicating an index of an extension mode in the extension mode set; and determining the expansion mode according to the expansion mode index and the expansion mode set.

By using the extension mode index, the data transmitting end can easily determine the extension mode from the extension mode set.

In some possible implementations, the method further includes: and sending first indication information, wherein the first indication information is used for indicating the expansion mode.

According to the technical scheme, the data sending end can adjust the expansion mode according to the requirement change of data transmission and send the indication information for adjusting the expansion mode to the receiving end, on one hand, the spectrum efficiency can be improved or the network coverage can be enhanced through adjusting the expansion mode, so that the transmission efficiency of NOMA is improved, and on the other hand, the data receiving end can demodulate the data according to the adjusted expansion mode.

In some possible implementations, the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the method further includes: and receiving second indication information, wherein the second indication information is used for indicating the expansion mode.

In the above technical solution, the data sending end receives indication information indicating an extension mode, and the indication information may be from the data receiving end or from the network device. Therefore, under the condition that the requirement of data transmission changes and the data receiving end or the network equipment reselects a proper expansion mode according to the requirement of data transmission, the data sending end receives the message indicating the latest expansion mode, so that on one hand, the expansion mode can be flexibly selected according to the actual requirement of data transmission, transmission resources are better utilized, and on the other hand, the transmission efficiency of NOMA can be improved by adjusting the expansion mode.

In some possible implementations, the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

After receiving the second indication information, the data sending end can flexibly select an expansion mode according to the actual requirement of data transmission, so that the transmission resource is better utilized.

In some possible implementations, determining the codebook according to the extension mode includes: and determining a codebook set according to the expansion mode, and determining the codebook according to the codebook set.

According to the technical scheme, the data sending end determines a codebook set according to an expansion mode, and the codebook set can comprise at least one codebook. A plurality of parallel data transmission adopting the same expansion mode can use different codebooks, so that the interference among data transmission can be reduced, and the reliability of data transmission is improved.

In some possible implementations, determining the codebook set according to the extension mode includes: and determining the codebook set according to the expansion mode and the preset mapping relation between the expansion mode and the codebook set.

On one hand, the mapping relation between the extension mode and the codebook set is preset, and a corresponding codebook is designed for each extension mode, so that the requirements of more different data transmission are met. On the other hand, after the extension mode is determined, the data sending end and the data receiving end can find the codebook set corresponding to the determined extension mode according to the mapping relation, and signaling overhead is saved. .

In some possible implementations, the determining the codebook according to a codebook set includes: determining a codebook index, wherein the codebook index is used for indicating the index of the codebook in the codebook set, and the codebook is determined according to the codebook index and the codebook set.

The data transmitting end determines the codebook index, so that the data transmitting end can select the required codebook from the codebook set according to the codebook index, or jointly determine the codebook according to the codebook index and the expansion mode, and preprocess the data according to the codebook. Therefore, different codebooks can be used for a plurality of parallel data transmissions, so that the interference among the data transmissions can be reduced, and the reliability of the data transmissions is improved.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, including: determining an expansion mode according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a sending waveform and resource allocation information of the transmission data, wherein the expansion mode comprises an expansion factor and/or an expansion resource dimension; mapping data to be sent to the RE according to the expansion mode; and transmitting the data to be transmitted at the RE.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus, which may include a determining module, a preprocessing module, and a communication module, where the modules may perform corresponding functions in any implementation manner of the first aspect, and include:

a determining module, configured to determine a codebook according to an extension manner, where the extension manner includes an extension factor and/or an extension resource dimension;

the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol;

a communication module for transmitting the preprocessed output symbols.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further configured to determine the spreading mode according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further specifically configured to determine an extension manner set according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, and determine the extension manner according to the extension manner set.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further configured to determine an extension mode index, where the extension mode index is used to indicate an index of an extension mode in the extension mode set, and determine the extension mode according to the extension mode index and the extension mode set.

In some possible implementations, the communication module is further configured to send first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the extension mode. Illustratively, the first indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the communication module is further configured to receive second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the extension mode. Illustratively, the second indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is configured to determine a codebook set according to an expansion mode, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is specifically configured to determine the codebook set according to an extension manner and a mapping relationship between a preset extension manner and the codebook set.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further configured to determine a codebook index, where the codebook index is used to indicate an index of the codebook in the codebook set, and determine the codebook according to the codebook index and the codebook set.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus, which may include a determining module, a mapping module, and a communication module, where the modules may perform corresponding functions in any implementation manner of the second aspect, and include:

a determining module, configured to determine an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the extension manner includes an extension factor and/or an extension resource dimension;

a mapping module, configured to map data to be sent to the RE according to the extension mode;

and a communication module, configured to send the data to be sent at the RE.

In some possible implementations, the determining module is further configured to determine an extension manner set according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, and determine the extension manner according to the extension manner set.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a data sending device, where the data sending device includes a processor, and is configured to implement the functions in the method described in the first aspect. The data transmission device may also include a memory for storing program instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor may call and execute the program instructions stored in the memory, so as to implement the functions of the data sending device in the method described in the first aspect. The data transmission device may further include a transceiver for the data transmission device to communicate with other devices.

In one possible apparatus, the data transmission apparatus includes:

a memory for storing program instructions;

a processor for determining a codebook according to an extension mode, wherein the extension mode comprises an extension factor and/or an extension resource dimension; and preprocessing the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

A transceiver for transmitting the preprocessed output symbols.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine the spreading scheme according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a set of spreading schemes according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, and determine the spreading scheme according to the set of spreading schemes.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine an extension mode index, where the extension mode index is used to indicate an index of an extension mode in the extension mode set, and determine the extension mode according to the extension mode index and the extension mode set.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to transmit, by the transceiver, first indication information indicating the extension mode. Illustratively, the first indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to receive, by the transceiver, second indication information indicating the extension mode. Illustratively, the second indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a codebook set according to the extension scheme, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine the codebook set according to the to-be-extended mode and a mapping relationship between a preset extension mode and the codebook set.

In some possible implementations, the processor is further configured to determine a codebook index, where the codebook index is used to indicate an index of the codebook in the codebook set, and determine the codebook according to the codebook index and the codebook set.

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a data sending device, where the data sending device includes a processor, and is configured to implement the functions in the method described in the second aspect. The data transmission device may also include a memory for storing program instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor can call and execute the program instructions stored in the memory, so as to implement the functions of the data transmission device in the method described in the second aspect. The data transmission device may further include a transceiver for the data transmission device to communicate with other devices.

In one possible apparatus, the data transmission apparatus includes:

a memory for storing program instructions;

a processor, configured to determine an expansion manner according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the expansion manner includes an expansion factor and/or an expansion resource dimension; and mapping the data to be sent to the RE according to the expansion mode.

A transceiver configured to transmit the data to be transmitted at the RE.

In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions, which when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method of the first aspect.

In an eighth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product comprising instructions, which when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of the second aspect.

In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor and may further include a memory, and is configured to implement the function of the data sending end in the first aspect. The chip system may be formed by a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices.

In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor, and may further include a memory, and is configured to implement a function of the data sending end in the second aspect. The chip system may be formed by a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices.

In an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a system, where the system includes the data transmission device in the third aspect or the fifth aspect.

In a twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a system, which includes the data transmission device in the fourth aspect or the sixth aspect.

In a thirteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, including: determining a first preprocessing codebook, wherein the first preprocessing codebook is equal to a kronecker product of a second preprocessing codebook and a third preprocessing codebook; preprocessing input data according to a first preprocessing codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol; the preprocessed output symbols are sent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of a system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a non-orthogonal multiple access framework provided by an embodiment of the application;

fig. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a specific implementation of non-orthogonal multiple access provided by an embodiment of the application;

fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating different expansion modes when the expansion factor provided by the embodiment of the present application is 4;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating preprocessing according to a spreading sequence according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of preprocessing according to an expansion matrix provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating preprocessing according to a spreading sequence set according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a method of data transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a frequency domain expansion manner corresponding to a CP-OFDM waveform according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a time domain expansion manner corresponding to a CP-OFDM waveform according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a time-frequency domain expansion manner corresponding to a CP-OFDM waveform according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a graph showing a comparison of peak-to-average ratio performance for different waveforms and spreading patterns provided in the examples of the present application;

fig. 14 is a schematic flow chart of a method of data transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 15 is a schematic flow chart of a method of data transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 16 is a schematic flow chart of a method of data transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 22 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application can be applied to various communication systems, for example: a fifth generation (5G) system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system. Among them, the 5G system may also be referred to as a New Radio (NR) system.

In a wireless communication system, communication devices are included, and wireless communication between the communication devices may be performed using air interface resources. The communication device includes a network device and a terminal device, and the network device may also be referred to as a network side device. In this embodiment of the present application, the air interface resource may be various types of air interface resources, such as a code resource, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a time frequency resource, and the like, which is not limited in this application.

The terminal equipment related to the embodiment of the application can also be called as a terminal, is equipment with a wireless transceiving function, can be deployed on land, and comprises indoor or outdoor, handheld or vehicle-mounted equipment; can also be deployed on the water surface (such as a ship and the like); and may also be deployed in the air (e.g., airplanes, balloons, satellites, etc.). The terminal device may be a User Equipment (UE), wherein the UE includes a handheld device, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, or a computing device having wireless communication functionality. Illustratively, the UE may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer, or a computer with wireless transceiving function. The terminal device may also be a Virtual Reality (VR) terminal device, an Augmented Reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in unmanned driving, a wireless terminal in telemedicine, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in smart city (smart city), a wireless terminal in smart home (smart home), and so on. In the embodiment of the present application, the apparatus for implementing the function of the terminal device may be the terminal device, or may be an apparatus supporting the terminal device to implement the function in the terminal device. In the embodiment of the present application, a device for implementing a function of a terminal device is a terminal device, and a terminal device is a UE as an example, the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application is described.

The network device related to the embodiment of the present application includes a Base Station (BS), which is a device deployed in a radio access network and capable of performing wireless communication with a terminal. The base station may have various forms, such as a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay station, an access point, and the like. For example, the base station related to the embodiment of the present application may be a base station in a 5G system or a base station in an LTE system, where the base station in the 5G system may also be referred to as a Transmission Reception Point (TRP) or a gNB. In this embodiment of the present application, the apparatus for implementing the function of the network device may be a network device, or may be an apparatus in the network device, which supports the network device to implement the function. In the embodiment of the present application, a device for implementing a function of a network device is a network device, and a network device is a base station, for example, to describe the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application.

In a wireless communication system, when wireless communication is performed between communication apparatuses, a communication apparatus that transmits data may also be referred to as a data transmitting side, and a communication apparatus that receives data may also be referred to as a data receiving side. The data sending end may also be referred to as a sending end or other names, and the data receiving end may also be referred to as a receiving end or other names, which is not limited in this application.

For example, when a base station and a UE perform communication, if the base station transmits data to the UE and the UE receives the data transmitted by the base station, the base station may be referred to as a data transmitting end and the UE may be referred to as a data receiving end; if the UE sends data to the base station and the base station receives the data sent by the UE, the UE may be referred to as a data sending end and the base station may be referred to as a data receiving end.

For convenience of description, in the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described by taking uplink transmission as an example. As one example of uplink transmission shown in fig. 1, in the uplink transmission shown in fig. 1, a UE1, a UE2, and a UE3 may transmit uplink data to a base station BS. However, the present application is not limited to this, and the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application may also be applied to downlink transmission, and may also be easily extended to communication scenarios such as joint transmission, device-to-device (D2D), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V). In the joint transmission, a base station may perform data transmission between multiple cells and a UE, and the multiple cells may be managed by one or more base stations, which is not limited in this application.

When the NOMA is applied to uplink transmission, for example, Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA), pattern multiple access (PDMA), multiple shared access (MUSA), and interlace multiple access (IDMA), multiple UEs may be supported to transmit data on the same air interface resource, and data of the multiple UEs are non-orthogonal, so that system capacity may be increased by non-orthogonal multiplexing.

Because the NOMA technology can be used to increase system capacity and can be widely applied to various communication scenarios, based on the important value of the NOMA technology, the embodiments of the present application provide the following method, apparatus, and system for increasing the transmission efficiency of a system applying NOMA.

In a system using NOMA, a data sending end may process and send input data based on various possible processing flows.

Illustratively, the data transmitting end may process and transmit the input data based on the processing flow shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2, the process flow includes bit-level processing and symbol-level processing. Here, the bit-level processing may also be referred to as bit-level operation, and the symbol-level processing may also be referred to as symbol-level operation.

Bit-level processing may include Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding and interleaving/scrambling.

The FEC coding process is used to channel code the input bits so that the receiving end can detect the bit errors or can correct the bit errors, thereby enhancing the reliability of data transmission. When FEC encoding is performed, forward error correction codes commonly used in the art may be used to encode input bits. For example, the forward error correction code may be a convolutional code, or a block code, a Turbo code, a Polar code, or an LDPC code. When FEC encoding is carried out, input bits are encoded to obtain encoding bits. The coded bits are forward error correction coded bits, which may also be referred to by other names, and the present application is not limited thereto.

When interleaving/scrambling the coded bits, the coded bits may be interleaved or scrambled to obtain interleaved/scrambled bits.

Optionally, the coded bits may be scrambled using a scrambling code for reducing interference between data.

Optionally, an interleaving method commonly used in the art may be used to interleave the coded bits, so that adjacent bits are dispersed, and concentrated bit errors are avoided during transmission. For example, the common interleaving method may be row-column interleaving, or interleaving according to an interleaving pattern (pattern).

When interleaving/scrambling the coded bits, the coded bits may be scrambled and interleaved to obtain interleaved/scrambled bits.

Alternatively, the coded bits may be scrambled before interleaving.

Alternatively, the coded bits may be interleaved and then scrambled.

When scrambling is performed, different scrambling codes can be used for scrambling the code bits of different UEs, and when interleaving is performed, different interleaving patterns can be used for interleaving the code bits of different UEs, so that the correlation among data of different UEs can be reduced, and the interference among the UEs can be reduced.

Symbol-level processing may include pre-processing output symbol sequence generation and symbol-to-Resource Element (RE) mapping.

In an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based communication system, which may be a 5G system or an LTE system, for example, one resource element corresponds to one symbol in a time domain and one subcarrier in a frequency domain.

When generating the pre-processed output symbol sequence, the interleaved/scrambled bits may be pre-processed to obtain the pre-processed output symbol sequence. The pre-processed output symbol sequence includes a positive integer number of symbols, which may be complex symbols.

In this embodiment of the present application, the pre-processing output symbol sequence may also be referred to as a pre-processing output sequence, and symbols included in the pre-processing output symbol sequence may also be referred to as pre-processing output symbols, which is not limited in this application.

When mapping the symbol to the resource element, the symbol in the pre-processing output symbol sequence may be mapped to the resource element, so that the data transmitting end may transmit the symbol on the resource element.

In the embodiment of the present application, the symbol-to-resource element mapping may also be referred to as a resource element mapping or other names, which is not limited in the present application.

The symbol-to-resource element mapping process will be described below by taking communication between a base station and a UE as an example.

Optionally, if the data sending end is a UE, the symbol-to-resource element mapping processing of different UEs may map respective pre-processed output symbols to the same resource element for sending, the pre-processed output symbols of different UEs are non-orthogonal, and the base station may receive, at the resource element, a superposition of multiple non-orthogonal pre-processed output symbols.

Optionally, if the transmitting end is a base station, the base station may map the pre-processed output symbols of different UEs to the same resource element for transmission, where the pre-processed output symbols of different UEs are non-orthogonal.

In this embodiment of the present application, data sent by a data sending end may also be referred to as data to be sent, where the data to be sent may be data that can be sent over an air interface, or data that can be sent over the air interface after being processed, and this application is not limited thereto.

For example, in a system applying NOMA, a specific implementation of the processing flow of the data sending end on the input data may be as shown in fig. 3. Briefly described as follows:

the input data may be X codewords (codewords), each codeword comprising a set of bits. Firstly, each code word is respectively interleaved/scrambled to obtain interleaved/scrambled bits. Wherein X is a positive integer. The interleaving/scrambling may be exemplarily the same as the interleaving/scrambling described in the method related to fig. 2, and will not be described herein.

The interleaved/scrambled bits are modulated to obtain modulation symbols. The modulation method may include Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM, and the like. The modulation method may also be referred to as a modulation scheme (scheme) or other names, and the present application is not limited thereto.

For a multi-antenna system, a data transmitting end and a data receiving end may use a plurality of transmitting antennas and a plurality of receiving antennas, respectively, so that a plurality of spaces may be formed, and space division multiplexing may be performed in the plurality of spaces. For example, the multiple spaces may each correspond to one air interface resource, and data transmission may be performed on the multiple air interface resources at the same time. The multiple air interface resources may correspond to the same frequency resource. When the space division multiplexing technology is used, a data stream with a high rate can be divided into a plurality of sub-data streams with low rates at a data sending end, and different sub-data streams are sent out on the same frequency resource on different sending antennas. The sub-stream may also be referred to as a spatial layer, and may also be referred to as a spatial sub-channel, which is not limited in this application.

Therefore, when the spatial division multiplexing technology is used, in addition to the time domain dimension and the frequency domain dimension, the spatial domain dimension is increased, so that signals of different spatial layers can be distinguished from each other, and the transmission rate of the system can be increased.

To adapt to a multi-antenna scenario, the data transmitting end may perform layer mapping (layer mapper) on the modulation symbols. For example, the modulation symbol corresponding to each codeword may be mapped to one or more spatial layers, and v layer modulation symbols are obtained for the X codewords, where v is a positive integer.

If there is only one antenna port, the data transmitting end may not perform the operation of layer mapping, and if there are multiple antenna ports, the data transmitting end may map the modulation symbols onto multiple spatial layers.

Optionally, the number of spatial layers is less than or equal to the number of antenna ports.

When preprocessing is carried out, each layer of modulation symbols in the v-layer modulation symbols are respectively preprocessed, and v-layer preprocessed output symbols can be obtained. In the preprocessing, different UEs may use different codebooks for preprocessing. The codebook used for preprocessing may be a spreading sequence, a spreading matrix, or a set of spreading sequences. In the embodiment of the present application, the codebook used for preprocessing may also be referred to as a preprocessing codebook or by other names, which is not limited in the present application.

In the embodiments of the present application, the preprocessing of modulation symbols is described as an example, but the present application is not limited thereto, and the technical solution of the present application may also be applied to preprocessing of bits, complex symbols, or complex symbol sequences.

In the embodiment of the present application, the spreading sequence may be a sequence including M data, where M is a positive integer. Wherein the length of the sequence can be described as M. The spreading matrix may be a matrix including N1 rows and N2 columns of data, with N1 and N2 being positive integers. The spreading sequence set may include S spreading sequences, any one of the S spreading sequences may include a positive integer, and lengths of any two different spreading sequences in the S spreading sequences may be the same or different. For example, in the embodiment of the present application, the length of each spreading sequence in the S spreading sequences may be described as T, where T is a positive integer. The data included in the spreading sequence or the spreading matrix may be complex symbols, or may be other types of data, which may also be referred to as data symbols, data elements, or other names, which is not limited in this application.

In this embodiment of the present application, in the preprocessing, a preprocessed output symbol obtained by performing a preprocessing may be referred to as a preprocessing unit or by other names, which is not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, preprocessing the modulation symbol by the spreading sequence may also be referred to as spreading the modulation symbol by the spreading sequence. If a spreading sequence with length M is used to spread modulation symbols, M pre-processed output symbols can be obtained after one modulation symbol is pre-processed, i.e. one pre-processing unit can include M pre-processed output symbols.

In the embodiment of the present application, preprocessing the modulation symbol by the spreading matrix may also be referred to as spreading the modulation symbol by the spreading matrix. A spreading matrix composed of N1 rows and N2 columns of data elements may be used to spread N2 modulation symbols, and N2 modulation symbols may be preprocessed to obtain N1 preprocessed output symbols, that is, one preprocessing unit may include N1 preprocessed output symbols. The data elements may be complex symbols or other data types, which are not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, preprocessing the modulation symbols by the spreading sequence set may also be referred to as spreading the modulation symbols by the spreading sequence set. The spreading sequence set including S spreading sequences may be used to map n modulation symbols to one spreading sequence of the S spreading sequences, where the n modulation symbols may be preprocessed to obtain T preprocessed output symbols, that is, one preprocessing unit may include T preprocessed output symbols. Wherein, n modulation symbols correspond to a spreading sequence, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

In this embodiment of the present application, the spreading sequence, the spreading matrix, and the spreading sequence set may also be referred to as a spreading sequence, a spreading matrix, and a spreading sequence set, respectively, which is not limited in this application.

The specific implementation of the preprocessing will be specifically described later, and will not be described here.

In the embodiment of the present application, the transmission waveform may be cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) or discrete fourier transform extended orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM).

If the transmitted waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, after the preprocessing, each layer of preprocessed output symbols in the v layers of preprocessed output symbols can be respectively processed by Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), and the v layers of DFT output symbols can be obtained.

For example, if the modulation symbols are pre-processed by using a spreading sequence with a length of M, M pre-processed output symbols may be obtained, where the M pre-processed output symbols may also be represented as M/L sets, and one set includes L pre-processed output symbols, where L may be represented as the number of subcarriers allocated for data transmission, and may also be represented as the length of DFT transform.

The DFT transform may be performed on the preprocessed output symbols of any of the M/L sets to obtain DFT output symbols. The formula of the DFT transform can be expressed by the following formula (1):

in the above formula x_iI is 0, … …, L-1 is L preprocessed output symbols of any one of the above sets, y_kK is 0, … …, and L-1 is the DFT output symbol.

After spatial precoding processing is performed on the preprocessed output symbols or the DFT output symbols, output symbols corresponding to each antenna port can be obtained. In this embodiment of the present application, an output symbol obtained by performing spatial precoding processing may also be referred to as a spatial precoding output symbol or other names, which is not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, DFT processing corresponding to the DFT-s-OFDM waveform may also be referred to as transform precoding (transform precoding). If the sending waveform is CP-OFDM, the transformation precoding is not started correspondingly; if the sending waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the transformation precoding is correspondingly started.

After the v-layer pre-processing output symbols or the DFT output symbols are subjected to spatial pre-coding, spatial pre-coding output symbols corresponding to each antenna port can be obtained. If there is only one antenna port, the data transmitting end may not perform the spatial precoding operation.

Alternatively, if the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the spatial precoding process may be performed by multiplying the precoding matrix by the v-layer preprocessed output symbols.

Alternatively, if the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the spatial precoding process may correspond to the precoding matrix multiplied by the v-layer DFT output symbols.

Illustratively, the number of rows of the precoding matrix is the number of antenna ports and the number of columns is the number of spatial layers.

The output symbols corresponding to each antenna port may be RE-mapped and transmitted. The REs may be the smallest resource elements, each RE corresponding to one subcarrier in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain. In this embodiment of the present application, for example, the RE mapping method may be that output symbols corresponding to each antenna port are sequentially mapped onto time-frequency resources allocated to the UE in a manner of first frequency domain and then time domain.

Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart diagram of a data transmission method according to one embodiment of the present application.

Optionally, when the method is used for uplink transmission, the data sending end is a UE, and the data receiving end is a base station.

Optionally, when the method is used for downlink transmission, the data transmitting end is a base station, and the data receiving end is a UE.

Of course, this method can also be used for D2D transmission or V2V transmission.

The method comprises the following steps:

s410, the data sending end determines the codebook according to an expansion mode, wherein the expansion mode comprises an expansion factor (spreading factor) and/or an expansion resource dimension.

In the embodiment of the present application, the spreading factor may also be described as the number of preprocessed output symbols included in the preprocessing unit.

In this embodiment, the extension mode may include extending the resource dimension according to a distribution condition of data to be transmitted in air interface resources, for example, a distribution condition of a time-frequency resource of a preprocessing unit. The extended resource dimension may also be described as a resource dimension to which data to be sent is mapped when RE mapping is performed, where the resource dimension may include at least one of a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a space domain resource, and the application is not limited thereto. It can also be described that, based on the dimension of the extended resource, the extension mode may include frequency domain extension, time domain extension and time-frequency domain extension. The frequency domain expansion may also be referred to as a type 1 expansion manner, the time domain expansion may be referred to as a type 2 expansion manner, and the time-frequency domain expansion may be referred to as a type 3 expansion manner, which is not limited in this application. Optionally, one expansion factor may correspond to one or more expansion resource dimensions. The spreading factor corresponding to the time domain may be referred to as a time domain spreading factor, the spreading factor corresponding to the frequency domain may be referred to as a frequency domain spreading factor, and the spreading factors corresponding to the time domain and the frequency domain may be referred to as a time-frequency domain spreading factor.

In this embodiment, the data to be transmitted may be a pre-processed output symbol, a DFT output symbol, a spatial pre-coded output symbol, or other data, which is not limited in this application. In the embodiment of the present application, the dimension of the extended resource may be described by taking the example that the data to be transmitted is a preprocessed output symbol.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 5, an exemplary diagram of different extended resource dimensions with an extension factor of 4 is shown. As shown in fig. 5, the spreading factor is 4, taking the example that the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM and the data subjected to RE mapping is 4 preprocessed output symbols. Fig. 5(a) corresponds to frequency domain spreading by a factor of 4, and can also be described as mapping 4 pre-processed output symbols to 4 REs, where the 4 REs correspond to 4 subcarriers of 1 OFDM symbol. Fig. 5(b) corresponds to time domain spreading with a time domain spreading factor of 4, and can also be described as mapping 4 pre-processed output symbols to 4 REs, where the 4 REs correspond to 4 OFDM symbols of 1 subcarrier. Fig. 5(c) corresponds to a time-frequency domain spreading with a corresponding time-frequency domain spreading factor of 4, which is equal to 2 (time domain spreading factor) times 2 (frequency domain spreading factor), and can also be described as mapping 4 pre-processed output symbols to 4 REs, which 4 REs correspond to 2 subcarriers of 2 OFDM symbols.

Alternatively, the spreading pattern may be represented by a spreading factor, e.g., a time domain spreading factor T_SF>1 and a frequency domain spreading factor F _SF1 may denote time domain spreading, T _SF1 and F_SF>1 may denote the frequency domain extension, T_SF>1 and F_SF>1 may represent a time-frequency domain spreading.

In S410, the data transmitting end may determine the codebook according to the extension method based on the following method.

Optionally, the data transmitting end may determine the codebook according to the spreading mode and/or the transmission waveform.

Similarly, the data receiving end may also determine the codebook according to the spreading mode and/or the transmission waveform.

Optionally, the data transmitting end may determine a codebook set according to the extension mode and/or the transmission waveform, and determine a codebook according to the codebook set, where the codebook set includes the codebook.

For example, the data transmitting end may determine a codebook set according to the extension mode and the mapping relationship between the extension mode and the codebook set, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set. Illustratively, when the data transmitting end determines the codebook according to the codebook set, the data transmitting end may determine the codebook according to the codebook index and the codebook set, or may select the codebook from the codebook set. The mapping relationship between the extension mode and the codebook set may be preset. The mapping relation between the extension mode and the codebook set can also be determined according to signaling. For example, when the data transmitting end is a UE and the data receiving end is a base station in S410, the base station may transmit mapping information to the UE, and the UE may determine a mapping relationship between the extension mode and the codebook set according to the mapping information.

For example, the data transmitting end may also determine a codebook set according to the transmission waveform and the mapping relationship between the transmission waveform and the codebook set, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set. Illustratively, when the data transmitting end determines the codebook according to the codebook set, the data transmitting end may determine the codebook according to the codebook index and the codebook set, or may select the codebook from the codebook set. The mapping relationship of the transmit waveform to the codebook set may be preset. The mapping of the transmit waveform to the set of codebooks may also be determined from signaling. For example, when the data transmitting end is a UE and the data receiving end is a base station in S410, the base station may transmit mapping information to the UE, and the UE may determine a mapping relationship between a transmission waveform and a codebook set according to the mapping information.

Illustratively, the data transmitting end may further determine a codebook set according to the expansion mode and the transmission waveform, and a mapping relationship between the expansion mode and the transmission waveform and the codebook set, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set. Illustratively, when the data transmitting end determines the codebook according to the codebook set, the data transmitting end may determine the codebook according to the codebook index and the codebook set, or may select the codebook from the codebook set. The spreading scheme and the mapping relationship of the transmit waveform to the codebook set may be preset. The spreading scheme and the mapping of the transmit waveform to the codebook set may also be determined based on signaling. For example, when the data transmitting end is a UE and the data receiving end is a base station in S410, the base station may transmit mapping information to the UE, and the UE may determine a spreading manner and a mapping relationship between a transmission waveform and a codebook set according to the mapping information.

Alternatively, the data transmitting end may determine the codebook index according to an algorithm, such as a scheduling algorithm.

Optionally, the data sending end may receive codebook index indication information sent by the data receiving end, and determine the codebook index according to the codebook index indication information. When the codebook index indication information is transmitted, the transmitting end that transmits the codebook index indication information is the data receiving end in S410, and the receiving end that receives the codebook index indication information is the data transmitting end in S410. Illustratively, when the data transmitting end is a UE and the data receiving end is a base station, the base station may transmit codebook index indication information to the UE, and the UE may determine the codebook index according to the codebook index indication information.

Correspondingly, the data receiving end can also determine a codebook set according to the expansion mode and/or the sending waveform, and judge the codebook specifically used by the sending end according to the codebook index or by adopting a blind detection method. Illustratively, a blind detection method is that a codebook used by a data transmitting end corresponds to a reference signal, and a data receiving end judges the codebook specifically used by the transmitting end by detecting the reference signal.

Illustratively, tables 1-13 are examples of codebook sets determined based on spreading and/or transmit waveforms.

Illustratively, tables 1-5 show the codebook sets when the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, respectively.

Alternatively, for time domain spreading, each element modulus of the codebook needs to be the same.

Alternatively, for frequency domain spreading, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of different codebooks is different.

Table 1 shows the set of time-domain extended codebooks, where the extension factor is 2, T _SF2 and F_SF＝1。

TABLE 1

Table 2 shows the set of frequency domain extended codebooks, where the extension factor is 2, T _SF1 and F_SF＝2。

TABLE 2

Table 3 shows the set of time-domain extended codebooks, where the extension factor is 4, T_SFIs 4 and F_SF＝1。

TABLE 3

Table 4 shows the set of frequency domain extended codebooks, where the extension factor is 4, T _SF1 and F_SF＝4。

TABLE 4

Table 5 shows the codebook set for time-frequency domain spreading, where the spreading factor is 4, T _SF2 and F_SF＝2。

TABLE 5

Tables 6-10 show the codebook sets when the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, respectively.

Table 6 shows the set of time-domain extended codebooks, where the extension factor is 2, T _SF2 and F_SF＝1。

TABLE 6

Table 7 shows the set of frequency domain extended codebooks, where the extension factor is 2, T _SF1 and F_SF＝2。

TABLE 7

Table 8 shows the set of time-domain extended codebooks, where the extension factor is 4, T_SFIs 4 and F_SF＝1。

TABLE 8

Table 9 shows the set of frequency domain extended codebooks, for which the spreading factor is 4, T _SF1 and F_SF＝4。

TABLE 9

Table 10 shows the codebook set for time-frequency domain spreading, where the spreading factor is 4, T _SF2 and F_SF＝2。

Watch 10

Optionally, when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data transmitting end may choose a larger spreading factor.

Optionally, when the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the data transmitting end may choose a smaller spreading factor.

Illustratively, when the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the spreading factor is R1; when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the spreading factor is R2, and R1 is equal to or less than R2. Illustratively, R1 is 2 or 4 and R2 is 4 or 8.

Tables 11 to 13 show examples of codebook sets determined according to the spreading scheme when the spreading factor is 8 and the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, respectively.

Table 11 shows the set of time-domain extended codebooks, where the spreading factor is 8, T_SFIs 8 and F_SF＝1。

TABLE 11

Table 12 shows the set of frequency domain extended codebooks, for which the spreading factor is 8, T _SF1 and F_SF＝8。

TABLE 12

Table 13 shows the codebook set for time-frequency domain expansion, where the expansion factor is 8, T _SF2 and F_SF＝2。

Watch 13

Illustratively, if the codebook set is shown in table 1, the data transmitting end randomly selects a codebook, e.g., [1, -1], from the codebook set.

Further exemplarily, if the codebook set is as shown in table 8, if the codebook index is 3, the codebook determined by the data transmitting end is the codebook [1,1, -1, -1] with index of 3 in the codebook set; if the codebook index is 5, the codebook determined by the data transmitting end is the codebook [1, -j, -1, j ] with the index of 5 in the codebook set.

In this embodiment, when the extension mode is time-frequency domain extension, the codebook for time-frequency domain extension may be represented as a kronecker product of a time-domain extension codebook and a frequency-domain extension codebook.

E.g. T_SF＝2,F_SFThe codebook of 4 may be represented by T_SF＝2,F_SFCodebook and T of 1_SF＝1,F_SFCodebook generation of 4.

If T_SF＝2,F_SFThe codebook of 1 is S₁＝[1,-1]，T_SF＝1,F_SFThe codebook of 4 is S₂＝[1,-1,-1,1]Then, the corresponding T_SF＝2,F_SFThe codebook of 4 may be denoted as S₁And S₂Kronecker product of (a):

wherein

Representing the kronecker product.

Further, S410 may further include: and the data sending end determines an expansion mode.

Optionally, the data sending end may determine the extension mode according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a sending waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data. The frame structure for transmitting data may be a frame structure for transmitting data, which may also be referred to as a frame structure or another name, and the resource allocation information for transmitting data may also be referred to as resource allocation information, scheduling information, or another name, which is not limited in this application.

In one implementation, the data transmitting end may determine the extension mode according to a frame structure of the transmission data.

Optionally, a time domain spreading factor T_SFThe value of (a) may be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols used for data transmission in the time unit. The time unit may include a positive integer number of OFDM symbols, which may be a symbol, a slot, a micro-slot, a subframe or a frame. In the embodiment of the application, the time isThe technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application is described by taking a unit as an example, which is a time slot.

In the embodiment of the present application, when uplink transmission is performed, the time domain spreading factor T_SFThe value of (2) can be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission in the time slot; when downlink transmission is performed, the time domain spreading factor T_SFThe value of (a) may be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols used for downlink data transmission in the slot.

Taking uplink transmission in NR as an example, each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols. Part of the OFDM symbols may be used for uplink, part of the OFDM symbols may be used for downlink, part of the OFDM symbols may be used for uplink and downlink switching intervals, part of the OFDM symbols may be used for transmission of reference signals, and the number of the OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission may be variable. At this time, the time domain spreading factor T_SFThe value range of (a) may be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission in the slot. Table 14 is an example of determining T based on the number of OFDM symbols in a slot for uplink data transmission_SFWhere N represents the number of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission. Determining T according to the number of OFDM symbols for uplink data transmission_SFWhen the number of OFDM symbols N for uplink data transmission is not more than 4, T_SFN; when the number of OFDM symbols N used for uplink data transmission is 5, 6, 7, or 8, there may be two possible T_SFTake values of respectively

And

wherein

And

respectively representing rounding-down and rounding-up for N/2. These two kinds of T_SFThe values may correspond to the top of N OFDM symbols respectively

A sum of OFDM symbols

One OFDM symbol, front

T of one symbol_SFIs composed of

Rear end

T of one symbol_SFIs composed of

These two kinds of T_SFThe values may also correspond to

One OFDM symbol and a preamble

One OFDM symbol after

T of one symbol_SFIs composed of

Front side

T of one symbol_SFIs composed of

When the number N of OFDM symbols for uplink data transmission is 9, 10, 11, or 12, there are three kinds T_SFTake values of respectively

These three kinds of T_SFThe values may correspond to those in N OFDM symbols respectively

And

one OFDM symbol. When the number N of OFDM symbols for uplink data transmission is 13 or 14, there are four kinds T_SFTake values of respectively

These four kinds of T_SFThe values may correspond to those in N OFDM symbols respectively

And

one OFDM symbol. By this method, T can be notified without additional signaling_SFThereby, signaling overhead can be reduced. By this method, T can be notified without additional signaling_SFThereby, signaling overhead can be reduced.

TABLE 14

Optionally, the frame structure information may further include a configuration condition of the reference signal, and a value of the spreading factor may be determined according to the configuration condition of the reference signal.

In one implementation, the data transmitting end may determine the spreading mode according to the transmission waveform.

When the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, if the number of the pre-processing output symbols in the pre-processing unit is K, the K symbols correspond to K REs. When the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, if the number of pre-processing output symbols in the pre-processing unit is also K, the number of actually mapped REs may not be K. At this time, the K preprocessed output symbols in the preprocessing unit can be regarded as K time domain symbols of one OFDM symbol. Referring to formula (1), when the DFT transform length is L, L time domain symbols in one OFDM symbol are DFT transformed to obtain L frequency domain symbols, and the L frequency domain symbols are mapped to L REs in the OFDM symbol. When the K pre-processed output symbols of the pre-processing unit are mapped to one OFDM symbol, the K pre-processed symbols correspond to K time domain symbols of the L time domain symbols of the OFDM symbol.

Optionally, when the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, when the spreading mode is frequency domain spreading, the pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped to different subcarriers of one OFDM symbol; when the spreading mode is time domain spreading, K pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped to K OFDM symbols, and one pre-processed output symbol in the K pre-processed output symbols is mapped to one subcarrier of one OFDM symbol; when the spreading mode is time-frequency domain spreading, the pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped to a plurality of subcarriers of a plurality of OFDM symbols.

Optionally, when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, when the spreading mode is frequency domain spreading, K pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped to K time domain symbols of one OFDM symbol; when the extension mode is time domain extension, K pre-processing output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped to K OFDM symbols, and one pre-processing symbol corresponds to one time domain symbol of one OFDM symbol; when the spreading mode is time-frequency domain spreading, K pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit may be mapped onto a plurality of OFDM symbols, and one OFDM symbol is mapped with a plurality of pre-processed output symbols.

It should be noted that the pre-processed output symbols in the pre-processing unit may be mapped to contiguous subcarriers, and may also be mapped to non-contiguous subcarriers.

Exemplarily, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a frequency domain spreading manner corresponding to a CP-OFDM waveform. The left diagram shows 4 pre-processing units, each pre-processing unit is represented by a padding pattern with a spreading factor of 4, one pre-processing unit comprises 4 pre-processed output symbols, and the 4 pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped to 4 subcarriers of one OFDM symbol; the right diagram shows 8 pre-processing units, each of which is represented by a padding pattern with a spreading factor of 2, one pre-processing unit comprising 2 pre-processed output symbols, and 2 pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped onto 2 subcarriers of one OFDM symbol.

Illustratively, fig. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a time domain spreading manner under a CP-OFDM waveform. The left diagram shows 4 pre-processing units, each pre-processing unit being represented by a padding pattern with a spreading factor of 4, one pre-processing unit comprising 4 pre-processed output symbols, the 4 pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit being mappable onto 4 OFDM symbols; the right diagram shows 8 pre-processing units, each of which is represented using a padding pattern with a spreading factor of 2, one pre-processing unit comprising 2 pre-processed output symbols, and 2 pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped onto 2 OFDM symbols.

Illustratively, fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a time-frequency domain expansion manner under a CP-OFDM waveform. The left diagram shows 4 pre-processing units, each pre-processing unit is represented by a kind of padding pattern, the spreading factor is 8, one pre-processing unit comprises 8 pre-processing output symbols, and the 8 pre-processing output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped to 4 subcarriers of 2 OFDM symbols; the middle diagram shows 8 pre-processing units, each pre-processing unit is represented by a kind of padding pattern, the spreading factor is 4, one pre-processing unit comprises 4 pre-processing output symbols, and the 4 pre-processing output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped to 2 subcarriers of 2 OFDM symbols; the right diagram shows 4 pre-processing units, each of which is represented by a kind of padding pattern with a spreading factor of 8, one pre-processing unit comprising 8 pre-processed output symbols, and the 8 pre-processed output symbols in one pre-processing unit can be mapped onto 2 subcarriers of 4 OFDM symbols.

In one possible implementation, when the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the spreading mode may be time domain spreading; when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the spreading manner may be frequency domain spreading.

In another possible implementation, when the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the spreading manner may be time domain spreading; when the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the spreading manner may be time-frequency domain spreading.

Illustratively, FIG. 13 shows the spreading sequence [1,1, 1,1 [ ]]^TWhen preprocessing is performed, PAPR performances corresponding to different waveforms and different spreading manners are compared, wherein a Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) represents a probability that a PAPR exceeds a certain threshold. The transmission waveform of the left figure is CP-OFDM, and the transmission waveform of the right figure is DFT-s-OFDM. As can be seen from fig. 13, the PAPR under different transmission waveforms and spreading schemes has a large difference. When the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the time domain is spread, i.e., F _SF1 and T_SFPAPR at 4 is lowest; frequency domain spreading, i.e. F _SF4 and T_SFThe PAPR is highest at 1. When the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, time domain spreading, i.e., F _SF1 and T_SFPAPR highest under 4; frequency domain spreading, i.e. F _SF4 and T_SFPAPR at 1 is lowest.

In one implementation, the data sending end may determine the extension mode according to resource allocation information of the transmission data. The resource allocation information may include at least one of time domain resource allocation information, frequency domain resource allocation information, a modulation and coding scheme, whether to perform frequency hopping, whether to transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and precoding information.

Optionally, if the data sending end is a UE, the UE may send resource allocation information to the base station, and determine an extension mode according to the resource allocation information. The base station receives the resource allocation information, and may determine an extension scheme of the received data according to the resource allocation information.

Optionally, if the data sending end is a UE, the UE may receive resource allocation information sent by the base station, and determine an extension mode according to the resource allocation information.

Optionally, if you canThe source allocation information includes a modulation coding mode, and the data sending end can determine the extension mode according to the modulation coding mode. Illustratively, when the modulation order is greater than the threshold value, the spreading mode is F _SF1 and T _SF1 or may also be described as not being extended.

Optionally, if the resource allocation information indicates whether to perform frequency hopping, the data sending end may determine the extension mode according to whether to perform frequency hopping for data transmission.

For example, if the number of OFDM symbols subjected to frequency hopping in data transmission is P, the P OFDM symbols subjected to frequency hopping may be divided into P1 groups according to frequency domain resource positions corresponding to the OFDM symbols subjected to frequency hopping in one slot, where P1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the frequency domain resource positions corresponding to the OFDM symbols subjected to frequency hopping in each group are different. At this time, T_SFCan be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols for frequency hopping in any group of P1 groups.

It should be understood that, how to determine the extension manner according to the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data is described above, respectively, embodiments of the present application may also determine the extension manner jointly according to at least two of the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Optionally, the data sending end may determine the extension mode set according to at least one of the frame structure of the transmission data, the sending waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data, and determine the extension mode according to the extension mode set.

Alternatively, at least one of the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data may have a mapping relationship with the extended manner set. The data transmitting end may determine the extension mode set according to a mapping relationship and at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, and determine the extension mode according to the extension mode set.

Optionally, when the data sending end determines the extension mode according to the extension mode set, the data sending end may determine the extension mode index, and determine the extension mode according to the extension mode index and the extension mode set.

Optionally, the extension mode index may be used to indicate an index of the extension mode in the extension mode set.

Illustratively, as shown in table 15, for example, if the data transmitting end determines the time domain spreading factor T according to the number N of OFDM symbols for uplink data transmission in the slot_SFWhen the number N of OFDM symbols used for uplink data transmission in the timeslot is 4, determining the set of time domain spreading factors comprises: 1. 2 and 4, if the extension mode Index is 0, determining a time domain extension factor T _SF1 is ═ 1; if the extension mode Index is 1, determining a time domain extension factor T _SF2; if the extension mode Index is 2, determining a time domain extension factor T_SF＝4。

Watch 15

Illustratively, as shown in Table 16, the spreading pattern includes a time domain spreading factor and a frequency domain spreading factor (T)_SF,F_SF) Determining an extension mode set according to the transmission waveform, and if the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, determining an extension mode (T)_SF,F_SF) The set comprises (2,1), (1,2), (4,1) and (1,4), if the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the spreading mode (T) is determined_SF,F_SF) The set includes (2,1), (4,1), (8,1) and (1, 4). The extension mode T can be determined according to Index through the extension mode_SFAnd F_SF. Illustratively, if the transmission waveform is CP-OFDM, the extension mode index is 0, and the determined extension mode is (2, 1).

TABLE 16

The data sending end can determine the expansion mode according to the frame structure of the transmission data, the sending waveform or the resource allocation information of the transmission data, and also can determine the expansion mode according to at least two of the frame structure, the sending waveform and the resource allocation information of the transmission data, so that the expansion mode can be determined by multiple methods without being limited to one method, and the appropriate expansion mode can be flexibly selected in multiple aspects and multiple angles.

And S420, the data sending end preprocesses the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

In the implementation of the present application, if the codebook used for preprocessing is a spreading sequence, the preprocessing corresponds to the spreading sequence multiplied by a modulation symbol. Illustratively, when the extended sequence is [ y ]₁,y₂]When the modulation symbol is x, the pre-processing output symbol is [ y₁*x,y₂*x]Wherein, y₁、y₂And x may be a complex number.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating preprocessing of input data according to a spreading sequence, where the spreading factor corresponds to the length of the spreading sequence. In fig. 6, the input data is two modulation symbols, which are 1 and-1, respectively, and the spreading sequence is [1, j, -1, -j]^T. Preprocessing the modulation symbol 1 to obtain a preprocessing unit [1, j, -1, -j]^TThe modulation symbol-1 is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessing unit [ -1, -j, 1, j [ -1 [ -j [ -1 [ -j [ -1 [ -j [ -1 [ -j)]^T. At this time, the spreading factor is 4, and one preprocessing unit includes 4 output symbols.

In the implementation of the present application, if the codebook used for preprocessing is a spreading matrix of N1 rows and N2 columns, the preprocessing corresponds to the spreading matrix multiplied by N2 modulation symbols. Illustratively, when the spreading matrix is [ y ]₁,y₂；y₃,y₄]The modulation symbol is [ x ]₁,x₂]Then the pre-processed output symbol is [ y ]₁*x₁+y₂*x₂,y₃*x₁+y₄*x₂]. Wherein N1 and N2 are positive integers, y₁、y₂、y₃、y₄、x₁And x₂May be a plurality.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of preprocessing input data according to an expansion matrix, where the expansion factor corresponds to the number of rows of the expansion matrix. In fig. 7, the spreading matrix is W with 4 rows and 2 columns, the spreading factor is 4, the input data is [1, -1], and the matrix W is multiplied by the input data to obtain preprocessing units [0,0,2,0], where one preprocessing unit includes 4 preprocessed output symbols.

In this embodiment, if the codebook used for preprocessing is an extended sequence set including S extended sequences, the preprocessing corresponds to mapping the input data to one extended sequence of the S extended sequences, that is, one input data corresponds to one extended sequence. Wherein S is a positive integer.

Exemplarily, the input data is n modulation symbols, and spreading the n modulation symbols according to the spreading sequence set can be further described as: and determining a preprocessing unit according to the n modulation symbols and the corresponding relation between the n modulation symbols and the spreading sequences in the spreading sequence set. Wherein n is a positive integer.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of preprocessing input data according to a spreading sequence set, where one input data is one modulation symbol and a spreading factor corresponds to the length of one mapped spreading sequence. As shown in FIG. 8, the spreading sequence set includes the spreading sequences [1, j, -1, -j]、[1，-j，-1，j]、[-1，-j，1，j]And [ -1, j, 1, -j]. The correspondence between the modulation symbol and the spreading sequence in the spreading sequence set is shown in fig. 8, where the modulation symbol x₁The corresponding extension sequence is [1, j, -1, -j]Modulation symbol x₂The corresponding expansion sequence is [1, -j, -1, j]Modulation symbol x₃The corresponding extension sequence is [ -1, -j, 1, j]Modulation symbol x₄The corresponding extension sequence is [ -1, j, 1, -j]. If the input data is x₁According to x₁And the corresponding relation between the modulation symbols and the spreading sequences in the set of spreading sequences determines that the preprocessed output symbols are [1, j, -1, -j]，。

The smaller the expansion factor is, the less the resources occupied by the preprocessing unit is, the more data can be carried by the same resources, and the higher the corresponding spectrum efficiency is; the larger the spreading factor is, the more resources the preprocessing unit occupies, so the higher the transmission reliability is, the stronger the corresponding network coverage will be.

Therefore, when preprocessing is performed according to a spreading sequence, a spreading matrix or a spreading sequence set, the spectrum efficiency can be improved or the network coverage can be enhanced by adjusting the spreading factor, so as to improve the transmission efficiency of the NOMA.

A data transmission may include a plurality of preprocessing units, and the preprocessed output symbols of the plurality of preprocessing units may be arranged and sequentially output. The sequence may be frequency domain first and then time domain, or time domain first and then frequency domain, and the application is not limited. In the embodiment of the present application, the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is described by taking an example that a spreading sequence is preprocessed, and a preprocessed output symbol is output in a manner of frequency domain first and time domain later.

When the frequency domain spreading sequence is S₁(i),i＝0,…,F_SF-1, time domain spreading sequence is S₂(j),j＝0,…,T _SF1, the input data is x (m), the number of subcarriers used for data transmission on one OFDM symbol is L, and the output symbol after frequency domain spreading can be represented as:

y(mF_SF+i)＝x(m)S₁(i)，m＝0,…,L/F_SF-1

the pre-processed output symbols after time domain expansion are:

z(jL+n)＝y(n)S₂(j)，n＝0,…,L-1.

s430, the data sending end sends the pre-processing output symbol to the data receiving end.

The sending of the pre-processed output symbol by the data sending end to the data receiving end may further include: and the data transmitting end maps the preprocessed output symbols to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor, the frequency domain spreading factor or the time-frequency domain spreading factor, and transmits the preprocessed output symbols at the RE.

Optionally, the data sending end may further perform spatial precoding on the preprocessed output symbols to obtain spatial precoded output symbols, and send the spatial precoded output symbols to the data receiving end.

The transmitting, by the data transmitting end, the spatial precoding output symbol to the data receiving end may further include: and the data transmitting end maps the space pre-coding output symbol to the RE according to the time domain expansion factor, the frequency domain expansion factor or the time-frequency domain expansion factor, and transmits the space pre-coding output symbol at the RE.

If the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the transmitting of the pre-processed output symbol by the data transmitting end to the data receiving end may further include: and performing DFT processing on the preprocessed output symbols to obtain DFT output symbols.

If the transmission waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the transmitting of the pre-processed output symbol by the data transmitting end to the data receiving end may further include: and the data sending end maps the DFT output symbol to the RE according to the time domain spreading factor, the frequency domain spreading factor or the time-frequency domain spreading factor, and sends the DFT output symbol at the RE.

Optionally, the data sending end may further perform spatial precoding on the DFT output symbol to obtain a spatial precoded output symbol, and send the spatial precoded output symbol to the data receiving end.

Optionally, for the data to be mapped with the length F, the time domain spreading factor T may be used_SFAnd a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFMapping data to be mapped to RE, wherein T_SF*F_SFF. Alternatively, if the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data to be mapped may be DFT output symbols; if the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the data to be mapped may be pre-processed output symbols. Alternatively, if spatial precoding is performed, the data to be mapped may be spatially precoded output symbols. For example, the data to be mapped with the length F may be mapped to the time domain T_SFF corresponding to each symbol_SFAnd (4) sub-carriers. If T is_SFWhen equal to 1, according to a time domain spreading factor T_SFAnd a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFMapping data to be mapped to REs may also be understood as being in accordance with a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFMapping the data to be mapped to RE, i.e. mapping the data with length F to 1F corresponding to OFDM symbol_SFAnd (4) sub-carriers. If F_SFWhen equal to 1, according to a time domain spreading factor T_SFAnd a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFMapping data to be mapped to REs may also be understood as being in accordance with a time domain spreading factor T_SFMapping the data to be mapped to RE, i.e. mapping the data to be mapped with the length of F to T corresponding to 1 subcarrier_SFOne OFDM symbol.

Optionally according to a time domain spreading factor T_SFAnd a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFWhen mapping the data to be mapped to the RE, frequency domain mapping may be performed first and then time domain mapping may be performed, or time domain mapping may be performed first and then frequency domain mapping may be performed, which is not limited in this application.

Fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The method comprises the following steps:

s910, the data sending end determines the expansion mode.

For the specific implementation process of S910, reference may be made to the process of determining the extension mode by the data sending end in S410, and details are not described here for brevity of content.

S920, the data sending end sends first indication information to the data receiving end, where the first indication information is used to indicate an extension mode.

Alternatively, the first indication information may be carried in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or a (media access control, MAC) configuration message of a higher layer, or may be carried in a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), an Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH), a machine type communication physical downlink control channel (MPDCCH), a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), or a Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel (NPDCCH), where the first indication information is carried in a downlink control information (downlink control, DCI) message carried in the uplink, or may be carried in a combination of multiple application messages.

Optionally, the first indication information may be used to indicate at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, and after receiving the first indication information, the data receiving end may determine an extension mode of receiving data according to at least one of the extension mode index, the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data.

The specific implementation process of the data receiving end determining the extension mode of the received data according to at least one of the extension mode index, the frame structure of the transmitted data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmitted data may refer to the description of determining the extension mode by the data transmitting end in fig. 4, which is not described herein.

Illustratively, a data sending end sends a message to a receiving end, and the message may carry T_SF、F_SFAnd transmit waveforms. Accordingly, after receiving the message, the data receiving end may determine an extension mode of receiving data according to the received message.

Optionally, the message may include, but is not limited to: one way is DCI signaling indication T_SF、F_SFAnd transmitting the waveform; the other mode is that RRC signaling indicates a transmission waveform, and DCI signaling indicates T_SFAnd F_SF(ii) a Another way is that RRC signaling indicates the transmit waveform and F_SFDCI signaling indicates T_SF(ii) a Another way is that RRC signaling indicates the transmit waveform and T_SFDCI signaling indicates FSF; another way is RRC signaling finger T_SFAnd F_SFDCI indicates a transmission waveform; yet another way is that RRC signalling indicates T_SF、F_SFAnd transmit waveforms.

Alternatively, the data receiving ends may be represented as H groups, where H is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the transmission waveforms and/or spreading manners of the multiple data receiving ends in each group are the same. For one Group of data receiving ends in the H Group of data receiving ends, the data sending end can send Group-DCI messages to the Group of data receiving ends, and sends waveforms and T through Group-DCI indication_SFAnd F_SF. Wherein, the Group-DCI message may also be called other namesThis application is not intended to be limiting.

Optionally, when the data receiving end does not perform time domain expansion or T_SFWhen 1 is fixedly taken, the message sent by the data sending end to the data receiving end does not contain T_SF(ii) a When the data receiving end does not carry out frequency domain expansion or F_SFWhen 1 is fixedly taken, the message sent by the data sending end to the data receiving end does not contain F_SF。

Optionally, the first indication information may indicate an extension factor, but not indicate an extension resource dimension, and the data receiving end may determine an extension mode according to a preset resource dimension that needs to be extended by using the received first indication information indicating the extension factor.

S930, the data sending end determines the codebook according to the expansion mode.

And S940, the data sending end preprocesses the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

S950, the data transmitting end transmits the preprocessed output symbol to the data receiving end.

The specific implementation process of steps S930-S950 may refer to the corresponding description in fig. 4, and is not described herein again.

S960, the data receiving end determines the codebook according to the expansion mode.

The specific implementation process of determining the codebook according to the extension mode by the data receiving end may refer to the description of determining the codebook according to the extension mode by the data transmitting end in S410, which is not described herein again.

Optionally, in this step, the mapping relationship between the extension mode and the codebook set, the mapping relationship between the transmit waveform and the codebook set, and the mapping relationship between the extension mode and the transmit waveform and the codebook set may be determined by the data receiving end according to the mapping information transmitted by the data transmitting end. Optionally, the data receiving end determines the codebook index according to the codebook index indication information sent by the sending end.

S970, the data receiving end demodulates the preprocessed output symbols according to the codebook.

According to the embodiment of the application, the data sending end can adjust the extension mode according to the requirement change of data transmission and send the indication information for adjusting the extension mode to the receiving end, on one hand, the data receiving end can improve the transmission efficiency of NOMA through adjusting the extension mode, and on the other hand, the data receiving end can demodulate data according to the adjusted extension mode.

Fig. 14 is a schematic flow chart diagram of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.

The method comprises the following steps:

s1410, the data receiving end determines an extension mode.

The specific implementation process of determining the extension mode by the data receiving end may refer to the description of determining the extension mode by the data transmitting end in S410, and for the sake of brevity of content, this is not described too much.

S1420, the data receiving end sends second indication information to the data sending end, where the second indication information is used to indicate an extension mode.

Optionally, the second indication information may be carried in an RRC or MAC configuration message of a higher layer, or may be carried in a DCI message carried in a PDCCH, an EPDCCH, an MPDCCH, a PSCCH, or an NPDCCH, or may be carried in a combination of multiple messages, which is not limited in this application.

Optionally, the second indication information is used to indicate at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data. After receiving the second indication information, the data transmitting end may determine the extension mode according to at least one of the extension mode index, the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data. The specific implementation process of the data sending end determining the extension mode according to at least one of the extension mode index, the frame structure of the transmission data, the sending waveform, and the resource allocation information of the transmission data may refer to the description about determining the extension mode by the data sending end in fig. 4, and is not described herein again.

Alternatively, the data transmitting ends may be represented as H groups, where H is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the transmission waveforms and/or the spreading manners adopted by the multiple data transmitting ends in each group are the same. For a group of data senders in H group of data senders, numberAccording to the Group-DCI message sent by the receiving end, the receiving end can send the Group-DCI message to the Group data sending end, and the sending waveform and the T are indicated through the Group-DCI message_SFAnd F_SF。

Optionally, when the data sending end does not perform time domain expansion or T_SFWhen 1 is fixedly taken, the message sent to the data sending end by the data receiving end does not contain T_SF(ii) a When the data transmitting end does not carry out frequency domain expansion or F_SFWhen 1 is fixedly taken, the message sent by the data receiving end to the data sending end does not contain F_SF。

Optionally, the second indication information may indicate an expansion factor, but not an expansion resource dimension, and the data sending end may determine an expansion mode of the received data by using the received second indication information indicating the expansion factor according to a preset resource dimension that needs to be expanded.

S1430, the data receiving end determines the codebook according to the expansion mode.

In this step, the implementation process of determining the codebook by the data receiving end according to the extension mode may refer to the process of determining the codebook by the data transmitting end according to the extension mode in S930, which is not described herein again.

And S1440, the data sending end determines the codebook according to the expansion mode.

And S1450, the data sending end preprocesses the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

S1460, the data transmitting end transmits the pre-processing output symbol to the data receiving end.

The specific implementation process of steps S1440-S1460 may refer to the corresponding description in fig. 4, and is not described herein again.

And S1470, the data receiving end demodulates the preprocessed output symbols according to the codebook.

According to the embodiment of the application, the data sending end receives the indication information indicating the extension mode, so that under the condition that the requirement of data transmission changes and the requirement of the data receiving end for the data transmission reselects a proper extension mode, on one hand, the data sending end can flexibly select the extension mode according to the actual requirement of the data transmission, transmission resources are better utilized, and on the other hand, the data sending end can improve the transmission efficiency of NOMA by adjusting the extension mode.

Fig. 15 is a schematic flow chart diagram of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.

The method comprises the following steps:

s1510, the data transmitting end determines an extension mode according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

S1520, the data sending end determines a codebook according to the expansion mode.

S1530, the data sending end preprocesses the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

S1540, the data sending end sends the preprocessing output symbol to the data receiving end.

The specific implementation process of S1510 to S1540 can refer to the corresponding description in fig. 4, and is not described herein too much.

S1550, the data receiving end determines an extension mode according to at least one of a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

S1560, the data receiving end determines the codebook according to the expansion mode.

The specific implementation process of the data receiving end determining the extension mode according to at least one of the frame structure of the transmission data, the transmission waveform and the resource allocation information of the transmission data and determining the codebook according to the extension mode corresponds to S1510 and S1520, and reference may be made to the corresponding processes in steps S1510 and S1520, which will not be described herein.

S1570, the data receiving end demodulates the preprocessed output symbol according to the codebook.

According to the embodiment of the application, the data sending end and the receiving end can respectively determine the extension mode, then the codebook is determined according to the determined extension mode, no signaling interaction exists between the data sending end and the receiving end in the process of determining the codebook, if the requirement of data transmission changes, the data sending end and the receiving end can respectively adjust the extension mode, on one hand, the data sending end and the receiving end can flexibly select the appropriate extension mode, so that transmission resources are better utilized, and on the other hand, the transmission efficiency of NOMA can be improved by adjusting the extension mode.

Fig. 16 is a schematic flow chart diagram of a data transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.

The method comprises the following steps:

s1610, the data transmitting end determines an expansion manner according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the expansion manner includes an expansion factor and/or an expansion resource dimension.

The specific implementation process of S1610 may refer to corresponding descriptions in fig. 4 to fig. 15, and for brevity of content, details are not described here.

S1620, the data sending end maps the data to be sent to the RE according to the extension mode.

The data sending end can map the data to be sent to the resource elements according to the time domain spreading factor, the frequency domain spreading factor or the time-frequency domain spreading factor.

In this embodiment of the present application, a resource element may also be referred to as a resource, and the resource element may be an RE, which is not limited in this application.

Optionally, for data to be sent with a length of F, the data sending end may be according to the time domain spreading factor T_SFAnd a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFMapping data to be transmitted to RE, wherein T_SF*F_SFF. Alternatively, if the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data to be transmitted may be DFT output symbols; if the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the data to be transmitted may be pre-processed output symbols.

Alternatively, if the data transmitting end performs spatial precoding on the preprocessed output symbols or the DFT output symbols to obtain spatially precoded output symbols, the data to be transmitted may be the spatially precoded output symbols.

For example, the data sending end may map the data to be sent with the length F to the time domain T_SFF corresponding to each symbol_SFAnd (4) sub-carriers. If T is_SFWhen equal to 1, according to a time domain spreading factor T_SFAnd a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFWill be ready forThe mapping of the transmitted data to the REs may also be understood as being dependent on a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFMapping data to be sent to RE, namely mapping the data to be sent with the length of F to F corresponding to 1 OFDM symbol_SFAnd (4) sub-carriers. If F_SFWhen equal to 1, according to a time domain spreading factor T_SFAnd a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFMapping data to be transmitted to REs may also be understood as being based on a time domain spreading factor T_SFMapping data to be sent to RE, namely mapping the data to be sent with the length of F to T corresponding to 1 subcarrier_SFOne OFDM symbol.

Optionally according to a time domain spreading factor T_SFAnd a frequency domain spreading factor F_SFWhen mapping data to be sent to RE, frequency domain mapping may be performed first and then time domain mapping may be performed, or time domain mapping may be performed first and then frequency domain mapping may be performed, which is not limited in this application.

S1630, the data transmitting end transmits the data to be transmitted in the RE.

If the transmit waveform is DFT-s-OFDM, the data transmit end may transmit DFT output symbols at the RE and the data receive end may receive a superposition of multiple non-orthogonal DFT output symbols at the RE. If the transmit waveform is CP-OFDM, the data transmitting end may transmit the pre-processed output symbol at the RE, and the data receiving end may receive a superposition of multiple non-orthogonal pre-processed output symbols at the RE.

If the data transmitting end performs spatial precoding on the pre-processed output symbol or the DFT output symbol, the data transmitting end may transmit the spatial precoded output symbol at the RE, and the data receiving end may receive the superposition of multiple non-orthogonal spatial precoded output symbols on the RE.

In the embodiment of the application, the data sending end can adjust the expansion mode according to the requirement of data transmission, on one hand, the data sending end can flexibly select a proper expansion mode, so that transmission resources are better utilized, on the other hand, the frequency spectrum efficiency can be improved or the network coverage can be enhanced, so that the transmission efficiency of NOMA is improved.

In order to implement each function in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, the data sending end may include a hardware structure and/or a software module, and implement each function in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. Whether any of the above-described functions is implemented as a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the technical solution.

Based on the same inventive concept as the method embodiment, the embodiment of the present application provides a device, which is used for implementing the function of the data sending end in the method. Fig. 17 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the apparatus 1700 shown in fig. 17 is only an example, and the apparatus of the embodiment of the present application may further include other modules or units, or include modules having functions similar to those of the respective modules in fig. 17, or not include all the modules in fig. 17. The apparatus 1700 may be a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. The apparatus 1700 may be implemented by a system-on-chip. In the embodiment of the present application, the chip system may be composed of a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices.

A determining module 1710, configured to determine the codebook according to an extension manner, where the extension manner includes an extension factor and/or an extension resource dimension.

The preprocessing module 1720 is configured to preprocess the input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol.

A communication module 1730 for transmitting the preprocessed output symbols. If the apparatus 1700 is a chip, the communication module 1730 may be a communication interface for use between the chip and an external device, wherein the external device may be a circuit, a device, or other devices.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 may be further configured to determine the extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 may be further configured to determine an extension manner set according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, and determine an extension manner according to the extension manner set.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 may be further configured to determine an extension mode index, where the extension mode index is used to indicate an index of an extension mode in the extension mode set, and determine the extension mode according to the extension mode index and the extension mode set.

Optionally, the communication module 1730 is further configured to send first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate an extension manner. Illustratively, the first indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Optionally, the communication module 1730 is further configured to receive second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate an expansion manner. Illustratively, the second indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 may be further configured to determine a codebook set according to the extension manner, and determine the codebook according to the codebook set.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 may be further configured to determine the codebook set according to the extension manner and a preset mapping relationship between the extension manner and the codebook set.

Optionally, the determining module 1710 may be further configured to determine a codebook index, where the codebook index is used to indicate an index of the codebook in the codebook set, and determine the codebook according to the codebook index and the codebook set.

It should be understood that the apparatus may perform the actions of the data sending end in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, and here, a detailed description thereof is omitted to avoid redundancy.

Fig. 18 shows an apparatus 1800 according to the present embodiment, configured to implement the function of a data sending end in the method according to the present embodiment. Wherein the apparatus may be a system-on-a-chip. The apparatus 1800 includes a processor 1820, configured to implement the function of the data sending end in the method provided in this embodiment of the present application. For example, the processor 1820 may be configured to determine a codebook according to an extension manner, and the like, which is specifically described in the detailed description of the method example and is not described herein again.

The apparatus 1800 may also include a memory 1830 for storing program instructions and/or data. The memory 1830 is coupled to the processor 1820. The coupling in the embodiments of the present application is an indirect coupling or a communication connection between devices, units or modules, and may be an electrical, mechanical or other form for information interaction between the devices, units or modules. The processor 1820 may operate in conjunction with a memory 1830. The processor 1820 may execute program instructions stored in the memory 1830.

Apparatus 1800 may also include a transceiver 1810 for communicating with other devices over a transmission medium, such that the apparatus used in apparatus 1800 may communicate with other devices. Processor 1820 can receive and transmit information using transceiver 1810 and can be configured to implement the methods performed by the data sender in the embodiments of the present invention.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific connection medium among the transceiver 1810, the processor 1820 and the memory 1830. In fig. 18, the memory 1830, the processor 1820, and the transceiver 1810 are connected through a bus 1840, which is represented by a thick line in fig. 18, and the connection among other components is only schematically illustrated and is not limited. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 18, but this does not mean only one bus or one type of bus.

Based on the same inventive concept as the method embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides a device for implementing the function of the data sending end in the method. Fig. 19 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the apparatus 1900 shown in fig. 19 is only an example, and the apparatus of the embodiment of the present application may further include other modules or units, or include modules having functions similar to those of the respective modules in fig. 19, or not include all the modules in fig. 19. Apparatus 1900 may be a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. The apparatus 1900 may be implemented by a system-on-chip. In the embodiment of the present application, the chip system may be composed of a chip, and may also include a chip and other discrete devices.

A determining module 1910 configured to determine an extension manner according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, where the extension manner includes an extension factor and/or an extension resource dimension.

The mapping module 1920 is configured to map the data to be sent to the RE in the extension manner.

A communication module 1930, configured to send the data to be sent at the RE. If the device 1900 is a chip, the communication module 1930 may be a communication interface between the chip and an external device, where the external device may be a circuit, a device, or other devices.

Optionally, the determining module 1910 may be further configured to determine an extension manner set according to at least one of a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data, and determine an extension manner according to the extension manner set.

Optionally, the determining module 1910 may be further configured to determine an expansion manner index, where the expansion manner index is used to indicate an index of an expansion manner in the expansion manner set, and determine the expansion manner according to the expansion manner index and the expansion manner set.

Optionally, the communication module 1930 is further configured to send first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate an extension manner. Illustratively, the first indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Optionally, the communication module 1930 is further configured to receive second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate an extension manner. Illustratively, the second indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Fig. 20 shows an apparatus 2000 provided in this embodiment of the present application, configured to implement a function of a data sending end in the method provided in this embodiment of the present application. Wherein the apparatus may be a system-on-a-chip. The apparatus 2000 includes a processor 2020 for implementing the functions of the data transmitting end in the method provided in the embodiments of the present application. For example, the processor 2020 may be configured to determine a codebook according to an extension manner, which is specifically described in the detailed description of the method example and is not described herein again.

The apparatus 2000 may also include a memory 2030 for storing program instructions and/or data. The memory 2030 is coupled to the processor 2020. The processor 2020 may cooperate with the memory 2030. Processor 2020 may execute program instructions stored in memory 2030.

The apparatus 2000 may also include a transceiver 2010 for communicating with other devices over a transmission medium such that the apparatus used in the apparatus 2000 may communicate with other devices. Processor 2020 may send and receive information using transceiver 2010 and may perform the methods performed by the data sender in the method embodiments of the present application.

The specific connection medium between the transceiver 2010, the processor 2020, and the memory 2030 is not limited in this embodiment. In fig. 20, the memory 2030, the processor 2020, and the transceiver 2010 are connected through a bus 2040, the bus is shown by a thick line in fig. 20, and the connection manner among other components is only for illustrative purposes and is not limited thereto. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 20, but this is not intended to represent only one bus or type of bus.

Based on the same inventive concept as the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application further provides a device for implementing the function of the data receiving end in the method. Fig. 21 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the apparatus 2100 illustrated in fig. 21 is only an example, and an apparatus of an embodiment of the present application may further include other modules or units, or include modules having functions similar to those of the respective modules in fig. 21, or not include all the modules in fig. 21. The apparatus 2100 may be a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. The apparatus 2100 may be implemented by a system-on-chip.

Optionally, the apparatus 2100 includes a determining module 2110 configured to determine a codebook according to an extension manner, where the extension manner includes an extension factor and/or an extension resource dimension.

A communication module 2120 is included in apparatus 2100 for receiving the pre-processed output symbols. If the device 2100 is a chip, the communication module 2120 may be a communication interface for use between the chip and an external device, where the external device may be a circuit, a device, or other device.

Optionally, apparatus 2100 includes a demodulation module 2130 configured to demodulate the preprocessed output symbols according to a codebook.

Optionally, the communication module 2120 may be further configured to receive the first indication information. Illustratively, the first indication information is used for indicating an extension mode, and the first indication information includes at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Optionally, the communication module 2120 may also be configured to send second indication information. Illustratively, the second indication information is used for indicating the spreading mode, and the second indication information includes at least one of a spreading mode index, a frame structure of transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

Specifically, the determining module 2110, the communication module 2120 and the demodulation module 2130 may perform corresponding functions performed by the data receiving end in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, and details are not described herein again.

Fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating an apparatus 2200 provided in this embodiment of the present application, configured to implement corresponding functions performed by a data receiving end in the method provided in this embodiment of the present application. Wherein the apparatus may be a system-on-a-chip. The apparatus 2200 includes a processor 2220 configured to implement the function of the data receiving end in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application. For example, the processor 2220 may be configured to determine a codebook according to an expansion manner, and the like, which refer to the detailed description in the method example specifically, and are not described herein again.

The apparatus 2200 may also include a memory 2230 for storing program instructions and/or data. The memory 2230 is coupled to the processor 2220. The processor 2220 may cooperate with the memory 2230. Processor 2220 may execute program instructions stored in memory 2230.

The apparatus 2200 may also include a transceiver 2210 for communicating with other devices over a transmission medium, so that the apparatus used in the apparatus 2200 can communicate with other devices. The processor 2220 transmits and receives information using the transceiver 2210, and is configured to implement the method performed by the data receiving end in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific connection medium among the transceiver 2210, the processor 2220 and the memory 2230. In fig. 22, the memory 2230, the processor 2220 and the transceiver 2210 are connected through a bus 2240, the bus is shown by a thick line in fig. 22, and the connection manner among other components is only schematically illustrated and not limited. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 22, but this does not indicate only one bus or one type of bus.

In the embodiment of the present application, the processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), or any combination thereof.

In the embodiment of the present application, the memory may be a volatile memory (volatile memory), such as a random-access memory (RAM); the memory may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as a flash memory (flash memory), a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD); the memory may also be a combination of the above kinds of memories. The memory can be any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to such.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" herein is merely one type of association relationship that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

It should also be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.

The division of the modules in the embodiments of the present application is schematic, and only one logical function division is provided, and in actual implementation, there may be another division manner, and in addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processor, may also exist alone physically, or may also be integrated in one module by two or more modules. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode.

The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.

The method provided by the embodiment of the present application may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, cause the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the invention to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, a network appliance, a user device, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored on a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., Digital Video Disk (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., SSD), among others.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of data transmission, comprising:

determining an expansion mode according to a frame structure of transmission data, wherein the expansion mode comprises an expansion factor, the expansion factor comprises a time domain expansion factor, and the value of the time domain expansion factor is determined according to the number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols used for data transmission in a time unit;

determining a codebook according to the expansion mode;

preprocessing input data according to the codebook to obtain a preprocessed output symbol;

and sending the pre-processing output symbol.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the extension mode according to the frame structure of the transmission data comprises:

determining an expansion mode set according to the frame structure of the transmission data;

and determining the expansion mode according to the expansion mode set.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the expansion manner according to the set of expansion manners comprises:

determining an extension mode index, wherein the extension mode index is used for indicating an index of the extension mode in the extension mode set;

and determining the expansion mode according to the expansion mode index and the expansion mode set.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:

and sending first indication information, wherein the first indication information is used for indicating the expansion mode.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:

and receiving second indication information, wherein the second indication information is used for indicating the expansion mode.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second indication information is used for indicating at least one of an extension mode index, a frame structure of the transmission data, a transmission waveform, and resource allocation information of the transmission data.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the determining a codebook according to the extension mode comprises:

and determining a codebook set according to the expansion mode, and determining the codebook according to the codebook set.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the determining a codebook set according to the extension mode comprises:

and determining the codebook set according to the expansion mode and the mapping relation between the preset expansion mode and the codebook set.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the determining the codebook from the set of codebooks comprises:

determining a codebook index indicating an index of the codebook in the codebook set;

and determining the codebook according to the codebook index and the codebook set.

11. An apparatus comprising a processor and a memory, wherein:

the memory to store program instructions;

the processor is used for calling and executing the program instructions stored in the memory to realize the method of any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 10.