CN109904632B - Super-surface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super-surface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection, and belongs to the technical field of space energy collection rectenna arrays. The invention is based on a multi-mode super-surface structure, adopts a full-wave rectification topological structure, and collects electromagnetic wave energy of various modes in space by reasonably arranging a rectification antenna array layout. Compared with the traditional rectifying antenna, the super-surface antenna array can efficiently collect low-power radio frequency energy, and has great development advantages. In addition, the full-wave rectifying circuit array can efficiently convert low-power radio frequency energy into direct current energy, classify radio frequency energy in different modes through the energy distribution circuit, and supply the radio frequency energy to different loads. The method detects the electromagnetic wave energy with different frequencies or polarizations in the space by judging whether the load has direct current power output or not, and collects the radio frequency energy in a classified manner, and can be widely applied to space electromagnetic wave frequency, polarization detection, space wireless energy collection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of space energy collection rectenna arrays, and particularly relates to a super-surface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection.
Background
With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, electromagnetic waves are radiated to a space in large quantities. Therefore, there are a large number of different forms of electromagnetic waves in the environment. If a large amount of electromagnetic waves exist in the environment without being controlled, electromagnetic environment pollution is brought. This not only can make electronic equipment receive the interference, influence normal work, also can bring the injury such as disease to the human body. Considering the safety standard of space electromagnetic wave, the power density of the space electromagnetic wave cannot exceed 1mw/cm2. In order to collect electromagnetic waves in a space, space electromagnetic energy collection refers to collecting stray electromagnetic wave energy from the surrounding environment and converting the energy into direct current output, and supplying power to electronic equipment or storing the energy as electric energy. The microwave energy transmission device is developed based on point-to-point microwave energy transmission, but the point-to-point microwave energy transmission needs to design a microwave emission source, and has the advantages of high transmission power, single frequency and high efficiency; electromagnetic energy collection generally does not need a specific emission source, and aims at electromagnetic waves widely distributed in space, and is characterized by multiple frequencies, multiple polarizations, low power density and small energy magnitude. If the electromagnetic wave energy in various forms scattered in the space can be detected and reasonably collected, and respectively converted into usable electric energy, the waste of the electromagnetic energy can be effectively reduced, and the method has great significance.
The rectification antenna converts electromagnetic wave radio frequency energy in space into direct current energy and supplies the direct current energy to a load. At present, most of the rectifying antennas can achieve high conversion efficiency only under the input power higher than 10dBm, and the input power is too low, so that the conversion efficiency is greatly reduced, the actual requirements cannot be met, and even the rectifying antennas cannot work. Rectennas suitable for low power typically operate at lower frequencies (typically <2.45GHz) due to circuit losses, typically have lower dc conversion efficiency than high power rectennas, and are expensive to manufacture.
Recent studies have found that radio frequency energy in the environment can be collected as a receiving antenna in a rectenna due to the singular electromagnetic properties of metamaterials or metamaterials (surfaces). Generally, one basic structure that constitutes a metamaterial is a Split-Ring Resonator (SRR), which exhibits strong nonlinearity at the resonant frequency. The feasibility of the SRR as an electromagnetic energy collecting unit is verified by utilizing the characteristic of electric field concentration when the SRR resonates.
In order to collect electromagnetic waves scattered in a space, a metamaterial or a super-surface unit is adopted as an electromagnetic energy collecting unit, and compared with a traditional antenna, the collecting efficiency per unit area is higher. Moreover, the metamaterial or the metamaterial surface can realize gradient electromagnetic parameters by using the change of unit structure parameters, and the incident electromagnetic waves are converged. However, the meta-surface is a two-dimensional correspondence of meta-material, making it easier for the antenna to achieve a low profile, planar. Therefore, the metamaterial surface rectifying antenna has a very wide application prospect in collecting space electromagnetic energy in various forms.
The document "a microwave antenna with integrated power resonant function" proposes a super-surface rectenna array structure based on a super-surface open-ended resonant ring unit structure, as shown in fig. 1. The structure can collect 900MHz energy in space, each resonant loop antenna unit is connected with a rectifying circuit to form a super-surface rectifying antenna unit, and radio frequency energy is collected and converted into direct current energy. The super-surface rectifying antenna units are connected in parallel, and rectified direct current energy is collected together. The rectification conversion efficiency of the whole super-surface rectification antenna array is 36.8%. However, the super-surface rectenna array structure can only collect microwave energy of a single frequency, and because each super-surface rectenna unit is directly connected in parallel, the array layout is not considered, so that the super-surface rectenna array is huge. The document "Optimal matched reconstruction surfaces for space solar power sampling" super surface array collects spatial energy as shown in FIG. 2. The super-surface array is composed of "T" type harmonicThe vibration unit is composed of a vibration unit structure, and the vertical incidence power density is 0.1mW/cm under the working frequency of 2.18GHz2The energy absorption rate of the super-surface array structure is 99.92%. The rear of the super-surface array structure is connected with a rectifier circuit array to convert the collected radio frequency energy into direct current energy, and the rectification conversion efficiency of the whole super-surface rectifier antenna array can reach 27.71%. However, the proposed super-surface rectenna array has a single working mode, cannot detect multiple forms of electromagnetic waves in space, and cannot separately collect and supply the energy to a load. The document Triple-band polarization-inductive and wide-angle electromagnetic energy array for electromagnetic energy harnessing proposes a metamaterial antenna array for multi-frequency spatial electromagnetic energy collection, as shown in fig. 3. The metamaterial antenna array has the energy collection efficiency of 30%, 90% and 74% respectively under the working frequencies of 1.75GHz,3.8GHz and 5.4 GHz. The rear end of the metamaterial antenna is not provided with a rectifying circuit, so that the energy of the metamaterial antenna cannot be classified and collected and respectively supplied to a load. The document "Design of frequency-Detecting Device Based on Rectenna" proposes a frequency reconfigurable Rectenna, as shown in fig. 4. By changing the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode and measuring the direct current energy of the load of the rear-end rectifying circuit, under the frequency of 2-2.8 GHz, the direct current energy output by the load is different due to different rectifying conversion efficiencies of all the frequencies, so that the electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in the space can be detected. However, the proposed rectenna is only suitable for receiving medium and high power radio frequency energy and is not suitable for low power spatial energy collection.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing a super-surface rectenna array for spatial electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection.
The technical problem proposed by the invention is solved as follows:
a super-surface rectification antenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection comprises a super-surface receiving antenna array 1, two groups of rectification circuit arrays 2, an energy distribution circuit 3, a load 4 and a dielectric substrate 5; the super-surface receiving antenna array 1 is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 5, and the two groups of rectifying circuit arrays 2, the energy distribution circuit 3 and the load 4 are positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 5;
the super-surface receiving antenna array 1 is an MxN super-surface array structure consisting of multi-frequency or multi-polarization resonance ring units, wherein M is a positive integer larger than or equal to 1, and N is a positive integer larger than or equal to 2; the working modes of the resonant ring units in each row in the super-surface array structure are the same, and every two adjacent resonant ring units are super-surface receiving units; the working modes of the resonant ring units in each column in the super-surface array structure are the same or different; each resonant ring is provided with two gaps as output ports; two adjacent resonance rings in the receiving antenna unit are connected by a pair of inductors;
the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays 2 are both composed of M x (N-1) full-wave rectification topological structures; the full-wave rectification topological structure comprises four rectifying diodes, wherein the four rectifying diodes are D1, D2, D3 and D4 in sequence from top left to bottom left to top right to bottom right; in the full-wave rectification topological structure, the cathodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are respectively connected with the anodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4; anodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected with a first output port of a first resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit, and cathodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4 are connected with a first output port of a second resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit; the directions of two adjacent rectifying diodes of the full-wave rectifying topological structure in each row of the rectifying circuit array 2 are opposite;
the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays have the same structure, and the direction of the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array is opposite to that of the rectifier diodes in the first rectifier circuit array; rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array are connected with a second output port of the resonant ring unit;
the energy distribution circuit 3 is two groups of mutually connected microstrip lines, wherein the tail end of one group of microstrip lines is connected with a first load, and the tail end of the other group of microstrip lines is connected with a second load; the other end of the microstrip line is connected with a full-wave rectification topological structure connected with the super-surface receiving unit working in the same mode, and a connection node is positioned at the middle connection part of the four rectifier diodes.
The multi-frequency resonance ring unit is similar to a double-T resonance unit and consists of two T-shaped branches which are inverted, and a pair of inverted L-shaped branches are added on the vertical branches of the T-shaped branches.
The multi-polarization resonance ring unit consists of two semicircular rings with opposite openings; the resonant rings with the included angles of 45 degrees and-135 degrees between the two opening directions and the horizontal line respectively collect left circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy under the working frequency of 5.8 GHz; the resonant rings with the opening directions respectively forming the included angles of minus 45 degrees and 135 degrees with the horizontal line collect right circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy under the working frequency of 5.8 GHz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the structural scheme of the super-surface rectifying antenna is based on a multi-mode (multi-frequency and multi-polarization) super-surface structure, detects electromagnetic waves with various frequencies or various polarizations in space, collects energy in a classified manner, supplies the energy to a load respectively, and is widely applied to space wireless energy collection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a super-surface rectenna array in the background art, in which (a) super-surface rectenna units and (b) super-surface rectenna array are shown;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a super-surface rectenna array for collecting spatial energy in the background art;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a related art super-surface antenna array operating in three frequency bands, in which (a) super-surface units; (b) a super-surface antenna array;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a reconfigurable rectenna in the background art;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dual-frequency super-surface rectenna array structure according to an embodiment;
fig. 6 is an absorbed power ratio of the dual frequency super-surface rectenna array of an embodiment, wherein (a) port 1; (b) port 2;
fig. 7 is a graph of the rectification conversion efficiency of the dual frequency super-surface rectenna array in accordance with one embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a multi-polarized super-surface rectenna array of embodiment two, wherein (a) the multi-polarized super-surface rectenna array; (b) a rectifier circuit array;
FIG. 9 is an axial ratio diagram of the multi-polarized super-surface rectenna array according to the second embodiment;
fig. 10 is a graph of the absorbed power ratio at two ports of the multi-polarized super-surface rectenna array of example two; (a) port 1 for left polarization mode; (b) port 2 of the left polarization mode; (c) port 1 of the right polarization mode; (d) port 2 of the right polarization mode.
Fig. 11 is a graph of the rectification conversion efficiency of the multi-polarization super-surface rectenna array according to the second embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example one
The present embodiment provides a super-surface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection, the schematic structural diagram of which is shown in fig. 5, and the super-surface rectenna array comprises a super-surface receiving antenna array 1, two rectifier circuit arrays 2, an energy distribution circuit 3, a load 4 and a dielectric substrate 5; the super-surface receiving antenna array 1 is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 5, and the two groups of rectifying circuit arrays 2, the energy distribution circuit 3 and the load 4 are positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 5;
the super-surface receiving antenna array 1 is a 3 x 4 super-surface array structure consisting of multi-frequency resonant ring units; the working modes of the resonant ring units in each row in the super-surface array structure are the same, and every two adjacent resonant ring units are super-surface receiving units; the working modes of the resonant ring units in each column in the super-surface array structure are the same; each resonant ring is provided with two gaps as an output port, and two ends of the output port are respectively provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode to form a voltage difference as a source of the full-wave rectifying circuit; two adjacent resonance rings in the receiving antenna unit are connected by a pair of inductors;
the multi-frequency resonance ring unit is similar to a double-T resonance unit and is used for collecting the electromagnetic wave energy of 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz in the space; the similar double-T resonance unit consists of two T-shaped branches which are inverted with each other, a gap is formed between the two T-shaped branches and is a port 1, and at the moment, the resonance structure of the T-shaped branches works at 5.8 GHz; in order to realize the dual-frequency operation, a pair of inverted L-shaped branches is added on the vertical branch of the T-shaped branch, and a gap is also formed between the inverted L-shaped branches and is a port 2. Because the newly added inverted L-shaped branch extends the electrical length of the whole T-shaped branch, the working frequency of the super-surface resonance unit at the port 2 is reduced to 5.2 GHz; the similar double-T resonant unit is connected by two inductors L1 and L2.
This super-surface antenna array was simulated using HFSS to absorb 97.8% and 98.5% of electromagnetic energy at two frequencies, 5.8GHz (port 1) and 5.2GHz (port 2), as shown in fig. 6.
The two groups of rectifier circuit arrays 2 are both composed of 3 x 3 full-wave rectification topological structures; the full-wave rectification topological structure comprises four rectifying diodes, wherein the four rectifying diodes are D1, D2, D3 and D4 in sequence from top left to bottom left to top right to bottom right; in the full-wave rectification topological structure, the cathodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are respectively connected with the anodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4; the anodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected with the port 1 of the first resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit, and the cathodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4 are connected with the port 1 of the second resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit; the directions of two adjacent rectifying diodes of the full-wave rectifying topological structure in each row of the rectifying circuit array 2 are opposite;
the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays have the same structure, and the direction of the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array is opposite to that of the rectifier diodes in the first rectifier circuit array; rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array are connected with the port 2 of the resonant ring unit; the rectifying circuit array is connected with the super-surface receiving antenna array through the metal through hole;
the energy distribution circuit 3 is two groups of mutually connected microstrip lines, wherein the tail end of one group of microstrip lines is connected with a first load, and the tail end of the other group of microstrip lines is connected with a second load; the other end of the microstrip line is connected with a full-wave rectification topological structure connected with the super-surface receiving unit working in the same mode, and a connection node is positioned at the middle connection part of the four rectifier diodes.
Firstly, the similar double-T resonant antenna array receives 5.8GHz and 5.2GHz radio frequency energy in the space, and then the 5.8GHz (port 1) and 5.2GHz (port 2) radio frequency energy are respectively output to the full-wave rectifying circuit through the port 1 and the port 2 of each resonant unit. At this time, each port is divided into a positive electrode and a negative electrode, so that a voltage difference is formed and is used as a source for providing radio frequency energy for the rectifying circuit. The two ports are respectively connected with the two groups of full-wave rectifying circuits at the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate through the via holes. When the radio frequency source is in the positive half cycle, the radio frequency energy of 5.8GHz is output to the full-wave rectifying circuit behind the dielectric substrate from the port 1 through the via hole, rectified by the rectifying diodes D1 and D4, and then passes through the inductor L2 to form a loop; when the radio frequency source is at the negative half cycle, the radio frequency source is rectified by the rectifying diodes D2 and D3, and then a loop (a dark gray line) is formed through the inductor L1.
To better achieve isolation of energy between the two frequencies, a full-wave rectifier circuit for performing a 5.2GHz radio frequency to dc conversion employs rectifier diodes connected in reverse. When the radio frequency source is in the positive half cycle, the radio frequency energy of 5.2GHz is output from the port 2 to rectifier diodes D2 and D3 behind the dielectric substrate through the through hole for rectification, and then a loop is formed through an inductor L1; when the rf source is at the negative half cycle, the rf energy is rectified by the rectifier diodes D1 and D4, and then passes through the inductor L2 to form a loop (light gray line). And the full-wave rectifying circuit connected with the same port of the adjacent resonant rings also adopts rectifying diodes connected in the opposite direction, so that the isolation of each super-surface rectifying antenna unit is ensured.
Each super-surface rectifying antenna unit converts two radio frequency energies with frequencies of 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz into direct current energy, the direct current energy rectified by each unit is converged by an energy distribution circuit according to different frequencies, and then the direct current energy is respectively transmitted to different loads. In the rectifier circuit array, the direct current energy rectified from the same port (5.8 GHz in port 1 or 5.2GHz in port 2) in each row is combined together and supplied to two loads respectively. Whether the electromagnetic waves with the frequencies of 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz exist in the space or not is judged by measuring whether the direct-current voltage exists on the load or not. The dual-frequency super-surface rectifying antenna array can collect electromagnetic wave energy of two frequencies in space, rectify the electromagnetic wave energy into direct current energy and supply the direct current energy to a load, and the rectification conversion efficiency of the dual-frequency super-surface rectifying antenna array is 0.4mW/cm at the working frequency of 5.2GHz and the working frequency of 5.8GHz270.1% and 66.7% respectively%, as shown in FIG. 7.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a super-surface rectenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection, the schematic structural diagram of which is shown in fig. 8, and the super-surface rectenna array comprises a super-surface receiving antenna array 1, two rectifier circuit arrays 2, an energy distribution circuit 3, a load 4 and a dielectric substrate 5; the super-surface receiving antenna array 1 is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 5, and the two groups of rectifying circuit arrays 2, the energy distribution circuit 3 and the load 4 are positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 5;
the super-surface receiving antenna array 1 is a 4 x 3 super-surface array structure consisting of multi-polarization resonant ring units; the working modes of the resonant ring units in each row in the super-surface array structure are the same, and every two adjacent resonant ring units are super-surface receiving units; the working modes of the resonant ring units in adjacent columns in the super-surface array structure are different; each resonant ring is provided with two gaps as an output port, and two ends of the output port are respectively provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode to form a voltage difference as a source of the full-wave rectifying circuit; two adjacent resonance rings in the receiving antenna unit are connected by a pair of inductors;
the multi-polarization resonant ring unit is composed of two semicircular rings with opposite openings, corresponding to two ports, namely port 1 and port 2. The resonant rings with the included angles of 45 degrees and-135 degrees between the two opening directions and the horizontal line respectively collect left circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy under the working frequency of 5.8 GHz; the resonant rings with the two opening directions respectively forming angles of-45 degrees and 135 degrees with the horizontal line collect right circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy at the working frequency of 5.8GHz, and the axial ratio of the antenna array is shown in FIG. 9. The multi-polarization super-surface resonance ring works under the same frequency of 5.8GHz, the same polarization super-surface units form a line, and the different polarization super-surface units are arranged in an interlaced way, namely, the first and the third lines of super-surface arrays collect the left circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy; the second and fourth rows of the super-surface array collect right circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy. The multi-polarization super-surface array simulates an antenna by using HFSS, and absorbs 96.7% (96.3%) and 95.3% (95.8%) of left-circular polarization (right polarization) electromagnetic wave energy from the port 1 and the port 2 respectively at an operating frequency of 5.8GHz, as shown in fig. 10. The two groups of rectifier circuit arrays 2 are both composed of 4 multiplied by 2 full-wave rectification topological structures; the full-wave rectification topological structure comprises four rectifying diodes, wherein the four rectifying diodes are D1, D2, D3 and D4 in sequence from top left to bottom left to top right to bottom right; in the full-wave rectification topological structure, the cathodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are respectively connected with the anodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4; the anodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected with the port 1 of the first resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit, and the cathodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4 are connected with the port 1 of the second resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit; the directions of two adjacent rectifying diodes of the full-wave rectifying topological structure in each row of the rectifying circuit array 2 are opposite;
the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays have the same structure, and the direction of the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array is opposite to that of the rectifier diodes in the first rectifier circuit array; rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array are connected with the port 2 of the resonant ring unit; the rectifying circuit array is connected with the super-surface receiving antenna array through the metal through hole;
the energy distribution circuit 3 is two groups of mutually connected microstrip lines, wherein the tail end of one group of microstrip lines is connected with a first load, and the tail end of the other group of microstrip lines is connected with a second load; the other end of the microstrip line is connected with a full-wave rectification topological structure connected with the super-surface receiving unit working in the same mode, and a connection node is positioned at the middle connection part of the four rectifier diodes.
Firstly, the whole resonant loop antenna array receives 5.8GHz radio frequency energy in space, and then the radio frequency energy with different polarizations is output to the full-wave rectifying circuit array through the port of the resonant unit. Each port is divided into a positive pole and a negative pole, a voltage difference is formed, and the voltage difference is used as a source to provide radio frequency energy for the rectifying circuit. The two ports are respectively connected with the two groups of full-wave rectifying circuits at the bottom layer of the dielectric substrate through the via holes.
In the same row, as the receiving antennas receive the radio frequency energy with the same polarization, the rectifying circuit arrays in the same row output the radio frequency energy with the same polarization. The left circularly polarized radio frequency energy received by the resonant loop antenna array is output to a full-wave rectification circuit behind the dielectric substrate from the port 1 through a through hole, rectified by rectifier diodes D1 and D4, and then forms a loop through an inductor L2; when the radio frequency source is at the negative half cycle, the radio frequency source is rectified by the rectifying diodes D2 and D3, and then a loop (a dark gray line) is formed through the inductor L1. In order to ensure isolation between different ports, a full-wave rectifier circuit connected to the other port (port 2) employs rectifier diodes connected in the opposite direction. Therefore, when the radio frequency source is in the positive half cycle, the left-handed circularly polarized radio frequency energy is output from the port 2 to rectifier diodes D2 and D3 behind the dielectric substrate through the through holes for rectification, and then forms a loop through the inductor L1; when the rf source is at the negative half cycle, the rf energy is rectified by the rectifier diodes D1 and D4, and then passes through the inductor L2 to form a loop (light gray line). Besides, the full-wave rectifying circuit connected with the same port of the adjacent resonant rings also adopts rectifying diodes connected in the opposite direction.
The super-surface rectifying antenna unit converts radio frequency energy with the working frequency of 5.8GHz into direct current energy, the direct current energy rectified by each unit is connected in a classified mode according to different polarizations by an energy distribution circuit, and then the direct current energy is converged and respectively transmitted to different loads. In the rectifier circuit array, the direct current energy obtained from each port of each row is synthesized, and then the direct currents obtained from the left polarized super-surface rectifier antenna array and the three rows of left polarized super-surface rectifier antenna arrays are merged and supplied to the load 1. And converging direct currents obtained by two and four rows of right polarization super-surface rectification antenna arrays and supplying the direct currents to a load 2. Similarly, by measuring the presence or absence of a DC voltage on the load, electromagnetic waves of different polarizations in the space are detected and collected for supply to the load. If the load 1 has direct current voltage output and the load 2 has no direct current voltage output, judging that the space has left circularly polarized electromagnetic waves; if the load 1 has no DC voltage output and the load 2 has DC voltage output, it is determined that the space has right circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. If the loads 1 and 2 both have direct current voltage outputs, there are electromagnetic waves with linear polarization or left and right circular polarization in the space.
Moreover, the multi-polarization super-surface rectifying antenna array converts radio frequency energy into direct current energy through the full-wave rectifying circuit array and supplies the direct current energy to a load, and the rectifying conversion efficiency of the multi-polarization super-surface rectifying antenna array is 0.2mW/cm at the input power of the working frequency of 5.8GHz2The lower values are 61.1% and 63.2%, respectively, e.g.As shown in fig. 11.
Claims (3)
1. A super-surface rectification antenna array for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection is characterized by comprising a super-surface receiving antenna array (1), two rectifier circuit arrays (2), an energy distribution circuit (3), a load (4) and a dielectric substrate (5); the super-surface receiving antenna array (1) is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (5), and the two groups of rectifying circuit arrays (2), the energy distribution circuit (3) and the load (4) are positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (5);
the super-surface receiving antenna array (1) is an M multiplied by N super-surface array structure consisting of multi-frequency or multi-polarization resonance ring units, wherein M is a positive integer larger than or equal to 1, and N is a positive integer larger than or equal to 2; the resonant ring units in each row in the super-surface array structure have the same working mode, and two adjacent resonant ring units in each row are super-surface receiving units; the working modes of the resonant ring units in each column in the super-surface array structure are the same or different; the resonant ring unit comprises two resonant rings which are adjacent in the column direction; each resonant ring is provided with two gaps as output ports; two adjacent resonance rings in the row direction in the receiving antenna unit are connected by a pair of inductors;
the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays (2) are both composed of M x (N-1) full-wave rectification topological structures; the full-wave rectification topological structure comprises four rectifying diodes, wherein the four rectifying diodes are D1, D2, D3 and D4 in sequence from top left to bottom left to top right to bottom right; in the full-wave rectification topological structure, the cathodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are respectively connected with the anodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4; anodes of the rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are connected with a first output port of a first resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit, and cathodes of the rectifier diodes D3 and D4 are connected with a first output port of a second resonant ring unit in the super-surface receiving unit; the directions of two adjacent rectifying diodes of the full-wave rectifying topological structure in each row of the rectifying circuit array (2) are opposite;
the two groups of rectifier circuit arrays have the same structure, and the direction of the rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array is opposite to that of the rectifier diodes in the first rectifier circuit array; rectifier diodes in the second rectifier circuit array are connected with a second output port of the resonant ring unit;
the energy distribution circuit (3) is two groups of mutually connected microstrip lines, wherein the tail end of one group of microstrip lines is connected with a first load, and the tail end of the other group of microstrip lines is connected with a second load; the other end of the microstrip line is connected with a full-wave rectification topological structure connected with the super-surface receiving unit working in the same mode, and a connection node is positioned at the middle connection part of the four rectifier diodes.
2. The array of super-surface rectenna for space electromagnetic wave detection and energy collection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resonant ring unit is composed of two mirror-symmetric T-shaped branches, and a pair of inverted L-shaped branches is added on the vertical branches of the T-shaped branches.
3. The array of super-surface rectenna for spatial electromagnetic wave detection and energy harvesting of claim 1, wherein the resonating ring elements are comprised of two half-rings with opposite openings; the resonant rings with the included angles of 45 degrees and-135 degrees between the two opening directions and the horizontal line respectively collect left circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy under the working frequency of 5.8 GHz; the resonant rings with the opening directions respectively forming the included angles of minus 45 degrees and 135 degrees with the horizontal line collect right circularly polarized electromagnetic wave energy under the working frequency of 5.8 GHz.
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| CN111613889B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2022-03-29 | 河北工程大学 | Integrated radio frequency energy receiving device |
| CN112701485B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2024-04-19 | 四川大学 | Rectifying resonant ring small electric antenna applied to wireless communication and energy transmission |
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