CN109888384B - Electrolyte and battery containing the same - Google Patents
Electrolyte and battery containing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN109888384B CN109888384B CN201711277431.2A CN201711277431A CN109888384B CN 109888384 B CN109888384 B CN 109888384B CN 201711277431 A CN201711277431 A CN 201711277431A CN 109888384 B CN109888384 B CN 109888384B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
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- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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Abstract
Embodiments of the present application provide an electrolyte and a battery including the same, the electrolyte of the battery including: a carboxylic acid ester; cyclic ether and nitrile compounds. This application is through introducing the carboxylic ester in the solvent system, combines the use of nitrile compound and cyclic ether simultaneously, has obviously promoted electric core multiplying power performance, guarantees high temperature storage performance and high temperature cycle performance simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of batteries, and more particularly, to an electrolyte for a battery and a battery including the same.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in the fields of smart phones, wearable devices, consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicles, electric vehicles and the like due to the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, no memory effect and the like; with the wide application of lithium ion batteries and the development of information technology, the requirements for lithium ion batteries, besides conventional performance, also put forward the requirements for rapid charging and discharging, so how to meet the rapid charging and discharging of lithium ion batteries becomes a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the current industry.
There are many factors that affect the rapid charge and discharge of lithium ion batteries, and among them, the electrolyte has a significant influence on the lithium ion batteries as an important component of the lithium ion batteries. The dynamic performance of the lithium ion battery can be effectively improved by improving the electrolyte, the high-rate polarization is reduced, and the charging temperature rise is reduced. The chain carboxylate has the characteristics of low melting point and low viscosity, can effectively improve the high-rate charging characteristic of the lithium ion battery in normal temperature and low temperature environments, and can effectively reduce the direct current internal resistance of the lithium ion battery so as to reduce the temperature rise in the charging process. However, the use of carboxylic acid esters for high voltage lithium cobaltate (LiCoO)2) For example, in the case of a lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery has strong oxidizing property (LiCoO) during charging and discharging2Electrode, active oxygen), which easily causes oxidative decomposition of the carboxylic acid ester.
Therefore, in order to further widen the use of the carboxylate solvent and improve the stability of the carboxylate electrolyte in a high-voltage, high-temperature system, it is necessary to add a more suitable additive to the carboxylate electrolyte.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an electrolyte for improving the high-temperature stability of a battery under high voltage (> 4.35V), and solves the problem that the high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance are poor due to the fact that the dynamic performance is improved by means of carboxylate.
According to the battery cell multiplying power performance improving method, carboxylic ester is introduced into a solvent system, nitrile and cyclic ether are used simultaneously, the battery cell multiplying power performance can be obviously improved, and the high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance are guaranteed simultaneously.
Embodiments of the present application provide an electrolyte, including: a carboxylic acid ester; and cyclic ether and nitrile compounds.
In the electrolyte, the cyclic ether accounts for 0.01-2% of the total mass of the electrolyte.
In the electrolyte, the nitrile compound accounts for 0.5-10% of the total mass of the electrolyte.
In the electrolyte, the cyclic ether is one or more selected from 1, 3-dioxolane, 1, 3-dioxane and 1, 4-dioxane.
In the electrolyte, the nitrile compound is selected from one or more compounds represented by the following chemical formula, wherein R is11One selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; r21、R22Each independently selected from alkylene with 0-5 carbon atoms; r31、R32、R33Each independently selected from alkylene with 0-5 carbon atoms and R carbon atoms33
1 to 5 alkylene oxide groups: NC-R11-CN、
In the above electrolyte, wherein the nitrile compound is selected from one or more of the following compounds:
in the electrolyte, a lithium salt is further included, wherein the lithium salt includes one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide.
In the electrolyte, the carboxylic ester accounts for 5-70% of the total mass of the electrolyte.
In the above electrolyte, wherein the carboxylate has a chemical formula of
Wherein R is1、R2Independently selected from alkyl or halogenated alkyl with the carbon number of 1-5.
In the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, the carboxylic acid ester includes one or more of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and propyl propionate.
Another embodiment of the present application provides a lithium ion battery including the above electrolyte, but the present invention is not limited to the lithium ion battery.
The beneficial effects of the application are that the common action of the three compounds is fully exerted by adding the carboxylic ester, the cyclic ether with the specific structure and the nitrile compound with the specific structure into the traditional carbonic ester electrolyte, so that the high-temperature cycle performance, the high-temperature storage performance and the rate capability of the lithium ion battery are improved. The dynamic performance of the lithium ion battery is improved by adding carboxylic ester into the traditional carbonate electrolyte, but under high voltage, because the anode material is not stable, substances with strong oxidizing property are released, so that the carboxylic ester generates an oxidation reaction on the surface of the anode. The cyclic ether with a specific structure and the nitrile compound with a specific structure are added as additives, wherein the cyclic ether with a specific structure is subjected to ring opening to form a film, and the nitrile compound inhibits the dissolution of Co ions, so that the anode is stabilized, the ballooning of the lithium ion battery during high-temperature storage is inhibited, and the high-temperature storage stability and the high-temperature cycle performance of the lithium ion battery are improved. According to the application, the ratio of the using amount of the carboxylic ester, the cyclic ether with a specific structure and the nitrile compound with a specific structure in the electrolyte is optimized, so that the multiplying power, the high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance of the lithium ion battery are further improved.
Detailed Description
The invention adds the cyclic ether with a specific structure and the nitrile compound with a specific structure as combined additives into the electrolyte containing chain carboxylic ester, wherein the mass percent of the cyclic ether in the electrolyte is 0.01-2%, and the mass percent of the nitrile compound in the electrolyte is 0.5-10%. Compared with the prior art, the electrolyte provided by the application can improve the dynamic performance of the lithium ion battery, and simultaneously ensures the high-temperature cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance.
The cyclic ether with a specific structure has a low oxidation potential, is oxidized on the surface of a cathode and is subjected to ring opening to generate an organic lithium salt, the organic lithium salt is stable, the stability of a Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) film is enhanced, the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery on the surface of the electrode in a high-temperature process is relieved, and the aims of improving the high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance of the lithium ion battery are fulfilled.
The energy level of lone pair electrons in the nitrile functional group is similar to the energy level of the vacant orbit at the outermost layer of transition metal atoms in the cathode active material of the lithium ion battery, so that the organic molecules containing the nitrile functional group can be subjected to complexation adsorption on the surface of the cathode. The organic molecules adsorbed on the surface of the cathode can well separate easily-oxidizable components in the electrolyte from the surface of the cathode, so that the oxidation effect of the cathode surface of the charged lithium ion battery on the electrolyte is greatly reduced, and the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery are improved.
Organic molecules containing nitrile functional groups with different structures will produce different isolation effects on the electrolyte and the cathode surface. The isolation effect is more remarkable along with the increase of the number of nitrile functional groups in the organic molecule. Meanwhile, the size of the organic molecule containing the nitrile functional group has an optimal value, the molecule is too small, the formed isolation space is limited, the easily-oxidizable component in the electrolyte cannot be effectively isolated from the surface of the cathode, the molecule is too large, the easily-oxidizable component in the electrolyte can be in contact with the surface of the cathode through the gap of the organic molecule containing the nitrile functional group, and still a good isolation effect cannot be achieved.
The applicant of the present application has found that the use of a cyclic ether having a specific structure in combination with a nitrile compound having a specific structure can greatly improve the high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance of a lithium ion battery containing a carboxylic acid ester. Specifically, the combined action of the film formation of the cyclic ether and the complex adsorption of the nitrile compound effectively protects the surface of the cathode and isolates the contact of the carboxylic ester and the cathode interface, thereby effectively preventing the deterioration of high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance brought by the carboxylic ester.
The electrolyte of the present application includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive. In an embodiment, the organic solvent is a non-aqueous organic solvent. In some embodiments, the organic solvent may include a carboxylate compound and a carbonate compound. The carbonate may be any kind of carbonate as long as it can be used as the nonaqueous electrolyte organic solvent, and for example, may be a cyclic carbonate or a chain carbonate. The cyclic carbonate may be ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, pentylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, etc., and the chain carbonate may be dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, etc., but the present invention is not limited thereto, and halogenated derivatives thereof may be used. In addition, these compounds may be used alone or in combination of several.
The carboxylic ester herein is a chain carboxylic ester, and is at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by chemical formula 1:
chemical formula 1
Wherein R is1、R2Is an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Specifically, the carboxylic acid ester represented by chemical formula 1 includes one or more of Methyl Acetate (MA), Ethyl Acetate (EA), Propyl Acetate (PA), Methyl Propionate (MP), Ethyl Propionate (EP), and Propyl Propionate (PP). Based on the total mass of the electrolyte, the content of the carboxylic ester is 5wt. -%)-70 wt.%. If the content of the carboxylic acid ester is less than 5 wt.%, the low-temperature and high-power performance is not remarkably improved. If the content of the carboxylic acid ester exceeds 70 wt.%, irreversible side reactions increase.
The lithium salt in the electrolyte of the present application may include one or more of an inorganic lithium salt and an organic lithium salt. Specifically, the lithium salt may include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO)2F2) Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)4) One or more of lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI). Preferably, the lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6). The concentration of the lithium salt is 0.5M-1.5M. The lithium salt concentration is too low, the conductivity of the electrolyte is low, and the multiplying power and the cycle performance of the whole lithium ion battery system can be influenced; the lithium salt concentration is too high, the viscosity of the electrolyte is too high, and the multiplying power of the whole lithium ion battery system is also influenced. Preferably, the concentration of the lithium salt is 0.8M to 1.3M. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the lithium salt herein may be any other suitable lithium salt and concentration.
The additive in the electrolyte of the present application may include cyclic ethers of specific structures and nitrile compounds of specific structures. The cyclic ether is one or more of 1, 3-dioxolane, 1, 3-dioxane and 1, 4-dioxane. Their chemical formulae are shown below:
In some embodiments of the present application, the cyclic ether is present in an amount of 0.01 wt.% to 2 wt.%, based on the mass of the electrolyte, and if the amount of the cyclic ether is less than 0.01 wt.%, a liquid film formed on the surface of the electrode is insufficient, which may not significantly improve the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery, and when the amount of the cyclic ether is greater than 2 wt.%, the film formation is thicker, the resistance is increased, and the cycle performance of the battery may be deteriorated.
The nitrile compound in the electrolyte of the present application is selected from one or more of the compounds represented by chemical formula 2, chemical formula 3, and chemical formula 4. Wherein R is11One selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; r21、R22Each independently selected from alkylene with 0-5 carbon atoms; r31、R32、R33Each independently selected from one of alkylene group having 0 to 5 carbon atoms and alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
NC-R11-CN chemical formula 2
According to some embodiments of the present application, the nitrile compound may be selected from one or more of the following compounds:
(Compound 1),
(compound 2),
(compound 3),
(compound 4),
(Compound 5),
(compound 6),
(Compound 7).
In some embodiments of the present application, the nitrile compound is present in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by mass. When the content of the nitrile compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte is less than 0.5% by mass, the separation effect of the nitrile compound on the surface of the cathode from easily-oxidizable components in the electrolyte is not obvious, the cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery are not obviously improved, and when the content of the nitrile compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte is more than 10% by mass, the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery is deteriorated, which may be because when the content of the nitrile compound is too high, the viscosity and the conductivity of the electrolyte are adversely affected.
The electrolyte of the lithium ion battery of the present application may further contain other additives, for example, SEI film forming additives, flame retardant additives, overcharge prevention additives, conductive additives, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the electrolyte may be prepared by a conventional method, for example, by uniformly mixing various materials in the electrolyte.
The embodiment of the application also provides a lithium ion battery comprising the electrolyte. The lithium ion battery also comprises a positive plate containing the positive active material, a negative plate containing the negative active material and a separation film. The positive active material may be selected from lithium cobaltate (LiCoO)2) Lithium nickel manganese cobaltate ternary material, lithium nickel manganese aluminate ternary material, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickelate and lithium manganate (LiMn)2O4) Including a positive active material subjected to doping or coating treatment in the prior art. The negative active material may be selected from natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB for short), hard carbon, soft carbon, silicon-carbon composite, Li-Sn alloy, Li-Sn-O alloy, Sn, SnO2Spinel-structured lithiated TiO2-Li4Ti5O12And one or more of Li-Al alloy. The isolation film can be polypropylene isolation film or polyethylene isolation film, and the isolation film also comprises isolation film with inorganic coating or organic coating coated on the surface. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material, and the separator of the present application may be other suitable materials.
The preparation of the lithium ion batteries is described below with reference to specific examples, and the lithium ion batteries of examples 1 to 21 and comparative examples 1 to 13 below were prepared by the following methods. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the preparation methods described herein are merely examples and that any other suitable preparation method is within the scope of the present application.
The preparation process of the lithium ion batteries of the examples and comparative examples of the present application is as follows:
comparative example 1
(1) Preparation of the electrolyte
In a dry argon atmosphere glove box, Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) are mixed according to the mass ratio of EC to PC to DEC to 30 to 40, dissolved and fully stirred, and then lithium salt LiPF is added6And mixing uniformly to obtain the electrolyte. Wherein, LiPF6The concentration of (2) was 1.05 mol/L. It is to be understood that the above mass ratios and concentrations are examples only, and any other suitable mass ratios and concentrations may be employed.
(2) Preparation of positive plate
The positive electrode active material lithium cobaltate (LiCoO)2) Mixing conductive carbon black (conductive agent Super P) and a binding agent polyvinylidene fluoride according to the weight ratio of 97:1.4:1.6, adding N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and stirring to be uniform and transparent under the action of a vacuum stirrer to obtain anode slurry; uniformly coating the positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector aluminum foil; drying the aluminum foil at 85 ℃, then carrying out cold pressing, cutting into pieces, slitting, and drying for 4 hours at 85 ℃ under a vacuum condition to obtain the positive plate.
(3) Preparation of negative plate
Mixing the negative active material artificial graphite, the conductive agent Super P, the thickening agent sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and the binder Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) according to the weight ratio of 96.4:1.5:0.5:1.6, adding deionized water, and obtaining negative slurry under the action of a vacuum mixer; uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on a copper foil of a negative electrode current collector; and drying the copper foil at 85 ℃, then carrying out cold pressing, cutting and slitting, and drying for 12h at 120 ℃ under a vacuum condition to obtain the negative plate.
(4) Preparation of the separator
A16 μm thick polyethylene separator was used.
(5) Preparation of lithium ion battery
Stacking the positive plate, the isolating film and the negative plate in sequence to enable the isolating film to be positioned between the positive plate and the negative plate to play an isolating role, and then winding or stacking to obtain a bare cell; and (3) after welding a tab, placing the bare cell in an outer packaging foil aluminum-plastic film, injecting the prepared electrolyte into the dried bare cell, and performing vacuum packaging, standing, formation (charging to 3.3V at a constant current of 0.02C and then charging to 3.6V at a constant current of 0.1C), shaping, capacity testing and other processes to obtain the soft package lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 2
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 1, except that the mass ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in the electrolyte was EC: PC: DEC: EA was 20:20:30: 30.
Comparative example 3
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 1, 3-dioxolane in a mass fraction of 0.5%.
Comparative example 4
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 0.5% by mass of 1, 3-dioxane.
Comparative example 5
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Comparative example 6
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding compound 2 in a mass fraction of 3%.
Comparative example 7
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, and compound 4 was added in a mass fraction of 3%.
Comparative example 8
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the mass ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in the electrolyte was EC: PC: DEC: EA was 20:20:50: 10.
Comparative example 9
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the mass ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in the electrolyte was EC: PC: DEC: EA was 20:20:10: 50.
Comparative example 10
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the mass ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in the electrolyte was EC: PC: EA of 20:20: 60.
Comparative example 11
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the mass ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Methyl Acetate (MA) in the electrolyte was EC: PC: DEC: MA was 20:20:30: 30.
Comparative example 12
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the mass ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Methyl Propionate (MP) in the electrolyte was EC: PC: DEC: MP-20: 20:30: 30.
Comparative example 13
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the mass ratio of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Propionate (EP) in the electrolyte was EC: PC: DEC: EP: 20:30: 30.
Example 1
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) were electrolyzed in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 2 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 3-dioxolane.
Example 2
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 2 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 3-dioxane.
Example 3
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 2 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 4
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 5
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 3-dioxane.
Example 6
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 7
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 1% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 8
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while 5% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane were added.
Example 9
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 7% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 10
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while 9% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane were added.
Example 11
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 2 and 0.1% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 12
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.3% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 13
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the solvents of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) were changed to EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30 by mass, while 3% by mass of compound 2 and 0.8% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane were added.
Example 14
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while 3% by mass of compound 2 and 1% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane were added.
Example 15
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:30:30, while 3% by mass of compound 2 and 2% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane were added.
Example 16
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:50:10, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 17
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EA of 20:20:10:50, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 18
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was charged with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), and Ethyl Acetate (EA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: EA of 20:20:60, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 19
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Methyl Acetate (MA) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: MA of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 20
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Methyl Propionate (MP) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: MP of 20:20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
Example 21
An electrolyte and a lithium ion battery were prepared in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the electrolyte was prepared with Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Propionate (EP) in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EP: 20:30:30, while adding 3% by mass of compound 4 and 0.5% by mass of 1, 4-dioxane.
The kinds and contents of the additives in comparative examples 1 to 13 and examples 1 to 21 are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 kinds and contents of additives
And then, testing the cycle performance, the high-temperature storage performance and the 2C discharge efficiency of the lithium ion battery:
(1) lithium ion battery high-rate discharge performance test
The lithium ion batteries obtained in comparative examples 1 to 13 and examples 1 to 21 were charged at 25 ℃ to 4.40V at a constant current/constant voltage of 0.5C, left for 10min, discharged at a constant current of 0.5C to a cut-off voltage of 3.0V, and the discharge capacity was recorded. Charging to 4.40V at 25 deg.C under constant current/constant voltage of 0.5C, standing for 10min, discharging to cutoff voltage of 3.0V under constant current of 2C, and recording discharge capacity. The 2C discharge efficiency was obtained compared to the 0.5C capacity at 25 ℃. The discharge performance test data for lithium ion batteries 2C of comparative examples 1-13 and examples 1-21 are shown in table 2.
(2) Cycle performance testing of lithium ion batteries
And (3) placing the lithium ion battery in a constant temperature box at 45 ℃, and standing for 30 minutes to keep the temperature of the lithium ion battery constant. The lithium ion battery reaching a constant temperature was charged at a constant current of 1C to a voltage of 4.4V, then charged at a constant voltage of 4.4V to a current of 0.05C, and then discharged at a constant current of 1C to a voltage of 3.0V, which is a charge-discharge cycle. Thus charged/discharged, the capacity retention rates after 50 cycles, 100 cycles, 200 cycles and 300 cycles of the battery were calculated, respectively. The lithium ion batteries of comparative examples 1-13 and examples 1-21 had 45 ℃ cycle test data as shown in Table 2.
The capacity retention (%) after N cycles of the lithium ion battery was equal to the discharge capacity at the N-th cycle/the first discharge capacity × 100%.
(3) High temperature storage performance testing of lithium ion batteries
Charging the lithium ion batteries obtained in the comparative examples 1 to 13 and the examples 1 to 21 to 4.40V at room temperature at a constant current of 0.5C, then charging the lithium ion batteries at a constant voltage until the current is 0.05C, and testing the thickness of the lithium ion batteries and marking the thickness as h 0; and then placing the lithium ion battery into a constant temperature box at 60 ℃, preserving the heat for 30 days, testing the thickness of the lithium ion battery every 6 days and recording as hn, wherein n is the number of days for high-temperature storage of the lithium ion battery. The 60 ℃ storage test data of the lithium ion batteries of comparative examples 1 to 13 and examples 1 to 21 are shown in Table 2.
The lithium ion battery has a thickness expansion ratio (%) of (hn-h0)/h0 × 100% after n days of high temperature storage.
TABLE 2 results of Performance test of comparative examples 1 to 13 and examples 1 to 21 and
comparing comparative example 1 with comparative examples 2,8-13, it can be seen that the high rate discharge performance of the lithium ion battery is improved after the carboxylic ester is added, but the high temperature cycle performance and the high temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery are deteriorated.
Comparing comparative example 2 with comparative examples 3 to 7, it can be seen that the high temperature cycle performance and the high temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery are improved to various degrees by adding 0.5% of cyclic ether or 3% of nitrile compound alone.
Comparing comparative examples 2 to 13 with examples 1 to 6, it can be seen from examples 16 to 21 that the addition of both a cyclic ether having a specific structure and a nitrile compound having a specific structure to a nonaqueous electrolytic solution has a more significant effect on the improvement of the high-temperature cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of a lithium ion battery.
Comparing comparative example 5 with examples 6 to 10, it can be seen that when the lithium ion battery contains 0.5 mass% of the specific cyclic ether and 1 to 9 mass% of the specific nitrile compound, the high-temperature cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery are significantly improved. However, when the content of the nitrile compound exceeds 5%, the high-temperature cycle performance and the high-rate discharge performance are degraded when the content of the nitrile compound is increased, because the high content of the nitrile compound increases the viscosity of the electrolyte, resulting in degradation of the high-temperature cycle performance and the high-rate discharge performance.
Comparing comparative example 6 with examples 3 and 11 to 15, it is found that when a cyclic ether is added in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by mass while containing a nitrile compound in an amount of 3% by mass, the high-temperature cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of the lithium ion battery are significantly improved. However, when the amount of the cyclic ether added exceeds 1%, the high-temperature cycle performance and the high-rate discharge performance of the lithium ion battery are degraded. This is because when the cyclic ether content is high, the impedance of the lithium ion battery increases, resulting in accelerated degradation of the cycle capacity, deteriorating the cycle performance and the high-rate discharge performance of the lithium ion battery.
The above results show that the combined use of carboxylic acid ester, cyclic ether having a specific structure, and nitrile compound having a specific structure can effectively improve the kinetics, high-temperature cycle, high-temperature storage, and other properties of the lithium ion battery.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and the present invention is not limited to the above description, but rather should be construed as being limited to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An electrolyte, comprising:
a carboxylic acid ester; and
a cyclic ether and a nitrile compound, and a method for producing the same,
wherein the cyclic ether is selected from one or more of 1, 3-dioxolane, 1, 3-dioxane and 1, 4-dioxane,
wherein the cyclic ether accounts for 0.01-2% of the total mass of the electrolyte.
2. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the percentage of the nitrile compound to the total mass of the electrolyte is 0.5% to 10%.
3. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the nitrile compound is selected from one or more compounds represented by the following chemical formula, wherein R is11One selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; r21、R22Each independently selected from alkylene with 0-5 carbon atoms; r31、R32、R33Each independently selected from an alkylene group having 0 to 5 carbon atoms and an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms: NC-R11-CN、
4. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the nitrile compound is selected from one or more of the following compounds:
5. the electrolyte of claim 1, further comprising a lithium salt comprising one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis-fluorosulfonylimide, lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide.
6. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the carboxylate accounts for 5-70% of the total mass of the electrolyte.
7. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid ester has the formula
Wherein R is1、R2Is an alkyl group or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
8. The electrolyte of claim 7, wherein the carboxylic acid ester is selected from one or more of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and propyl propionate.
9. A battery comprising an electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN111430793B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-12-10 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Electrolyte solution, and electrochemical device and electronic device using same |
| KR20210138511A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-19 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same |
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| JP2004146346A (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-05-20 | Nisshinbo Ind Inc | Nonaqueous electrolyte and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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| CN103208653B (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2016-11-02 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of Ni-based negative electrode electrolyte for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery |
| WO2015111676A1 (en) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte solution and non-aqueous electrolyte solution secondary battery using same |
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| CN105336984B (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2018-05-22 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery and its electrolyte |
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| CN107293789B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-09-13 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery and its electrolyte that circulating effect is good |
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| CN101652894A (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2010-02-17 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte for rechargeable battery, and rechargeable battery with nonaqueous electrolyte |
| JP2017152242A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-08-31 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte and nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the same |
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