CN109866846A - A kind of passenger car backrest skeleton and its design method - Google Patents
A kind of passenger car backrest skeleton and its design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton and its design methods, overcome presently, there are quality increase and the problem of design blindness, skeleton includes seat back-rest framework frame (1), seat back-rest framework upper backboard (2) and seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3)；Seat back-rest framework frame (1) is left and right symmetrical steel-tube construction part, and the front shape of seat back-rest framework frame (1) is " reverse U shape ", and side view has bending in, at lower end two；Seat back-rest framework upper backboard (2) and seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3) are the Curved plate structure part of left and right symmetrical steel, upper backboard (2) and lower backboard (3) be all made of spot welding mode with the upper end of seat back-rest framework frame (1) in, lower end is fixedly connected；Passenger car backrest skeleton overall length L is 458mm, and beam overall W is 256mm, and total high H is 792mm, and the invention also discloses a kind of design methods of passenger car backrest skeleton.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of bus seat structural collision safety and light-weight design field, more precisely,
The present invention relates to one kind for multi-state safety and light-weighted passenger car backrest skeleton and its design method.
Background technique
With being continuously increased for China's car usage amount, traffic accident amount is also continuously increased, to the life and property of people
Bring massive losses.Bus seat is directly contacted with driver and occupant, directly affects the life security of driver and passenger, is car
Upper important one of safety device.
For the safety issue of bus seat, China has put into effect bus seat security legislation GB 13057- in 2003
2003 " intensity of bus seat and its vehicle mounts ", and it is revised in 2014, the GB 13057- newly revised
2014 use dynamic test instead of static test.GB13057-2014 dynamic test is that bus seat is mounted on test platform
On, apply acceleration-time graph to it as requested, simulation car collides, and the occupant on heel row spare seat is forward
Movement collides with test seat, and Fig. 1 is the process schematic.The operating condition is known as " lean forward operating condition " by the present invention.It is leaning forward
Under operating condition, dummy's trunk and any part anterior displacement on head must not exceed the 1.6m before spare seat R point after test
Lateral vertical plane；Bus seat and installation part or attachment etc. should not damage occupant, and seat component and fixing piece will consolidate, seat
Severely deformed, fracture, failure or other badly damaged phenomenons, occupant injury, which do not occur, for chair should meet following requirement:
1. head allows index (HIC): less than 500；
2. chest allows index (ThAC): less than 30g (except peak value of the continuous action time less than 3ms) (g=9.81m/
s2)；
3. leg allows index (FAC): less than 10kN；When the continuous action time being greater than 20ms, 8kN should be less than.
In addition to GB 13057-2014 " intensity of bus seat and its vehicle mounts ", GB 15083-2006 " automotive seats
Chair, anchorage and headrest intensity requirement and test method " static strength of backrest and its regulating device is made that
It is required that, it is specified that loading the torque relative to seat " R " point 530Nm backward along longitudinal direction to backrest.The present invention claims the operating condition
For " hypsokinesis operating condition ", under hypsokinesis operating condition, during test and after test, backrest, anchorage, regulating device
It should not fail, allow to generate the permanent deformation (including fracture) that not will increase extent of injury and ordinance load can be born.This hair
It is bright to increase hypsokinesis operating condition on the basis of leaning forward operating condition, the safety Design of multi-state is carried out to backrest, makes its security performance
It is more comprehensively reliable.
More complete bus seat structure generally comprises chair framework, foam, surface cover and seat adjuster etc., wherein
Chair framework has larger impact to security performance.Chair framework includes backrest frames and cushion skeleton, and material is usually steel.In order to
Meet security requirement, most enterprises would generally select to increase backrest frames round tube bore, increase backrest frames back plate thickness etc..
On the one hand this way causes seat quality to be significantly increased, since bus seat is large number of, seriously affect vehicle dynamic property and
Fuel economy, and motor vehicle exhaust emission is caused to increase, aggravate environmental pollution；On the other hand it needs to set repeatedly using this method
Meter and verifying, there are biggish design blindness.Therefore, under the premise of meeting security legislation requirement, to bus seat skeleton
It is particularly important to carry out light-weight design.
Currently, realizing there are mainly three types of the light-weighted approach of chair framework:
(1) structure lightened: seat framing structure is optimized and is redesigned, optimization means have topological optimization,
It is dimensionally-optimised etc.；
(2) technique lightweight: processing technology and Joining Technology to components in seat carry out the update of lightweight means；
(3) the biggish steel of traditional density material lightweight: are replaced using new lightweight material.
Topological optimization is a kind of in the case where given loading environment, edge-restraint condition and performance indicator require, what is given
Seek the optimization method of optimal material distribution in design space.The technology is applied to product conceptual design, obtains power transmission road
Diameter instructs structure to design, and realizes lightweight while guaranteeing structural performance requirements, avoids the blindness of traditional design method,
So as to shorten the development time, development cost is reduced.
The technology mainly passes through finite element analysis, Calculation of Sensitivity and the successive ignition reality for seeking material Optimal Distribution
It is existing.When material distribution tends towards stability, iteration ends obtain topologies.Engineer empirically, considers technological feasibility etc.
Engineering interpretation is carried out to topologies, obtains final design scheme.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome quality of the existing technology to increase and design blindness
Problem provides a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton and its design method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a kind of bus seat
Backrest frames include seat back-rest framework frame, seat back-rest framework upper backboard and seat back-rest framework lower backboard；
The seat back-rest framework frame is left and right symmetrical steel-tube construction part, thickness of steel pipe 2mm, backrest
The front shape of skeleton frame is " reverse U shape ", and side view has bending in, at lower end two；
The seat back-rest framework upper backboard and seat back-rest framework lower backboard is the curved surface of left and right symmetrical steel
Hardened component, upper backboard are all made of spot welding mode with lower backboard and are fixedly connected with the top and bottom of seat back-rest framework frame；
Passenger car backrest skeleton overall length L is 458mm, and beam overall W is 256mm, and total high H is 792mm.
Seat back-rest framework frame described in technical solution is right by seat back-rest framework left border, seat back-rest framework
Side frame and upper beam form；Seat back-rest framework left border and seat back-rest framework Right Border are symmetry equivalent two
The cross-sectional shape of a pipe fitting, seat back-rest framework left border and seat back-rest framework Right Border is all circular ring shape, internal diameter
For 26mm, the middle-end of seat back-rest framework left border and seat back-rest framework Right Border curves together 158 ° of angle backward,
The upper end of the seat back-rest framework left border and seat back-rest framework Right Border same angle for curving 152 °, while seat forward
The upper end of backrest frames left border and seat back-rest framework Right Border to it is inboard i.e. to the right, left side is the same as the angle for curving 108 °
The bottom end of degree, seat back-rest framework left border and seat back-rest framework Right Border is flattened, and is provided with coaxially at flattening
The pin hole for being connected with connecting plate of line；The upper beam is the structural member of equal rectangular cross sections, be by will and seat
Chair back skeleton left border round tube identical with seat back-rest framework Right Border structure flattens, a left side for upper beam,
Right both ends and seat back-rest framework left border are connected with the top of seat back-rest framework Right Border.
Seat back-rest framework upper backboard described in technical solution is left and right symmetrical plate structure part, and plate thickness is
0.8mm, the left and right width dimensions of seat back-rest framework upper backboard and the left and right width dimensions of seat back-rest framework frame upper end
It is equal；The seat back-rest framework upper backboard is made of intermediate trunk, left side limb and right side limb；The intermediate trunk
Lower width be greater than upper width, the lower part two sides of intermediate trunk are straight line, lower width D=118mm；Intermediate trunk
Top two sides be curved side, and the width of intermediate trunk is first gradually reduced from bottom to top, after width reaches minimum again by
It is cumulative big, minimum widith d=30mm；The bottom side edge of intermediate trunk is curved side, and top side is straight line；Left side limb and right side
Limb is the symmetrical member of the symmetrical middle line about intermediate trunk, and left side limb and the front shape of right side limb are similar to " lying low "
Letter " Y ", the lower part two sides of the left side and intermediate trunk of the right edge of left side limb and right side limb are total to side；Left side branch
The lower-upper length of dry right-to-left, left side limb is first gradually reduced, and is then gradually increased, and occurs bifurcated, top at c=80mm
Bifurcated extends to upper left side, and lower section extends lower forks to the left, and the lower-upper length of top bifurcated is small, the lower-upper length of lower forks
Greatly, but the lower-upper length of the two is all that right-to-left is first gradually reduced and is then gradually increased, a left side for top bifurcated and lower forks
Side is straight line, and the planform of right side limb is full symmetric equal with the planform of left side limb, structure size with
Joining Technology is identical with left side limb；Seat back-rest framework upper backboard is curved surface plate structure part, and longitudinal curvature is
0.0013mm-1, horizontally there is also certain curvature, upper parts with lower forks for the top bifurcated of left side limb and right side limb
Fork cross curvature is 0.00023mm-1, lower forks cross curvature is 0.00032mm-1。
Seat back-rest framework lower backboard described in technical solution is left and right symmetrical plate structure part, and plate thickness is
0.8mm is provided with 6 shapes, through-hole not of uniform size in seat back-rest framework lower backboard；Wherein: the upper through-hole
Shape is left and right symmetrical pentagonal through-hole, and the upper end of seat back-rest framework lower backboard, upper through-hole is arranged in upper through-hole
Upper hole edge it is parallel with the top backboard side of seat back-rest framework lower backboard, between each hole edge junction, that is, adjacent two hole edge
It is connected using arc-shaped edges transition；Through-hole is 2 that symmetrical, structure size is equal on the right side of the middle part PATENT left side via and middle part
Through-hole, through-hole is symmetrically dispersed in the lower section of upper through-hole on the right side of middle part PATENT left side via and middle part, and middle part PATENT left side via with
The upper hole edge of through-hole and the lower-left hole edge of upper through-hole are parallel with bottom right hole edge on the right side of middle part；The middle part intermediate throughholes point
The middle position of cloth through-hole on the right side of middle part PATENT left side via and middle part, middle part intermediate throughholes are the through-hole of isosceles triangle, middle part
Each hole edge junction of intermediate throughholes equally uses arc-shaped edges transition to connect；The lower left side through-hole and lower right side through hole
For the identical through-hole of symmetrical, structure size, lower left side through-hole and lower right side through hole are symmetrically dispersed in middle part left side and lead to
The lower section of through-hole on the right side of hole and middle part；Under the left side that the bottom end backboard side of seat back-rest framework lower backboard, forward fold are formed
It is provided with " gap " in the middle part of backboard flange and right side lower backboard flange, seat back-rest framework lower backboard is to be with curvature
0.0011mm-1Curved slab, and the front end of the left side lower backboard flange of seat back-rest framework lower backboard and right side lower backboard flange
Seat back-rest framework left border and seat back-rest framework Right Border in the planform and seat back-rest framework frame on side
In, lower end structure shape it is identical；In the left and right width dimensions and seat back-rest framework frame of seat back-rest framework lower backboard,
The left and right width dimensions of lower end are equal；The lateral back effectively supported can be provided passenger-back by being provided with above upper through-hole
Portion's support, seat back-rest framework lower backboard are whole punching plate.
A kind of design method of passenger car backrest skeleton comprises the following steps that
1) initial bus seat safety simulation analysis；
2) passenger car backrest skeleton topological optimization model is established；
3) topological optimization parameter is set and submits calculating；
4) topologies engineering is interpreted；
5) design of passenger car backrest skeleton structure and security verification.
Initial bus seat safety simulation analysis described in technical solution refers to:
1) initial bus seat leans forward working condition safety simulation analysis
(1) bus seat-dummy's coupling model under the operating condition that leans forward is established
A. bus seat finite element model under the operating condition that leans forward is established
According in GB 13057-2014 to the regulation of bus seat dynamic test, in finite element emulation software HyperMesh
In successively carry out GTD model, grid dividing, mesh quality inspection, material and attribute assign, contact and connection setting, perimeter strip
Part, which applies to apply to meet acceleration-time graph of laws and regulations requirement and define to bus deck, to be needed the animation exported, connects
Load, modal displacement, element stress information are touched, to establish bus seat finite element model；
B. dummy and spare seat multi-rigid model under the operating condition that leans forward are established
According in GB 13057-2014 to the regulation of bus seat dynamic test, in multi-rigid body simulation software MADYMO
Setting model cootrol parameter establishes spare seat model, imports dummy model, adjustment dummy's posture and position, establish contact, is fixed
Adopted acceleration field be spare seat is applied to meet acceleration-time graph of laws and regulations requirement, and define need to export it is dynamic
It draws, acceleration, load, injury, the displacement information of manikin head and leg, to establish dummy and spare seat multi-rigid body mould
Type；
C. finite element model is coupled with multi-rigid model
In the coupling module Coupling Assistant of MADYMO software, bus seat finite element model and vacation are imported
People and spare seat multi-rigid model adjust the position of multi-rigid model, establish coupling collection and contact, establish and calculate space, from
And bus seat finite element model and dummy and spare seat multi-rigid model are coupled to obtain bus seat-dummy's coupling
Model；
(2) it submits and calculates and post-processed
A. it submits and calculates
Bus seat-dummy's coupling model is generated using the coupling module Coupling Assistant of MADYMO software
It can be generated simultaneously for coupling the K file calculated and XML file, the K file of generation and XML file are mentioned under LINUX system
It hands over and calculates；
B. it post-processes
Using HyperGraph software export manikin head, leg load-time graph, draw manikin head, leg with
Relative displacement-time graph of seat；Manikin head's injury values HIC, chest injury values are obtained from the PEAK file of generation
ThAC and leg injury value FAC；To judge whether bus seat safety under operating condition of leaning forward meets laws and regulations requirement, and after being
Curve needed for continuous optimization design provides；
2) initial bus seat hypsokinesis working condition safety simulation analysis
(1) bus seat finite element model under hypsokinesis operating condition is established
According to, to the regulation of backrest test of static strength, using finite element emulation software in GB 15083-2006
HyperMesh modifies boundary condition on the basis of leaning forward operating condition bus seat finite element model, that is, deletes and apply to bus deck
Acceleration-the time graph added is changed to apply backrest backward along longitudinal direction the load relative to seat " R " point 530Nm torque
Lotus, to establish the bus seat finite element model under hypsokinesis operating condition；
(2) it submits and calculates and post-processed
Bus seat finite element model under the hypsokinesis operating condition established is submitted into calculating in HyperMesh software, is calculated
After observe emulation animation in HyperView software, check chair framework, anchorage, regulating device, displacement folding
Whether stacking device fails, if applied load is able to bear, to judge safety under the bus seat hypsokinesis operating condition
Whether property meets laws and regulations requirement.
Passenger car backrest skeleton topological optimization model is established described in technical solution to refer to:
1) design domain and non-design domain are determined
Based on existing bus seat finite element model, according to the design feature of passenger car backrest skeleton, design object,
The features of response of passenger car backrest skeleton under the boundary condition and corresponding operating condition of multi-state load and constraint, by main load
Structure is as design domain, non-bearing structure or secondary load-carrying construction as non-design domain, and the material of design domain is in subsequent topology meter
It is redistributed in calculation, non-design domain material does not change；
2) initial optimization space is established
On the basis of original passenger car backrest skeleton structure, design domain material is stuffed entirely with, to establish initial
Optimize space；
3) operating condition loads
(1) operating condition that leans forward load
Under the operating condition that leans forward, this dynamic impulsion operating condition is needed to be equivalent to dynamic impact loads using formula (1) quiet
State load, i.e. local average impact load P:
In formula: F (s) is course of the impact load with displacement in impact load peak ranges, S1With S2Respectively impact load
Displacement of the displacement at the end of when peak ranges originate；
Therefore needing will the middle manikin head exported of step 1 " initial bus seat safety simulation analysis ", leg load-
Time graph, manikin head, leg and seat relative displacement-time graph be integrated into manikin head, leg load-with respect to position
Curve is moved, and intercepts the part within the scope of load peaks on the curve, local average impact load P is calculated using formula (1), i.e.,
For manikin head, leg Equivalent Static load；
From in emulation animation and manikin head in collision process, leg and car are found out using HyperView software
The region of seat back-rest framework contact, then uniformly applies corresponding equivalent static load on these areas；The application of constraint is same
It is noted that with dynamic impulsion equivalent；
(2) hypsokinesis operating condition loads
Under hypsokinesis operating condition, this static operating condition is needed according to GB 15083-2006, to backrest along longitudinal direction to
Apply the load relative to seat " R " point 530Nm torque afterwards.
8. a kind of design method of passenger car backrest skeleton according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described
Setting topological optimization parameter simultaneously submits calculating to refer to:
1) design variable is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, define topological optimization design variable be optimize space material it is close
Degree；
2) optimization aim is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, defining the optimization aim of topological optimization can be most for optimization steric strain
It is small, while in order to which preferably ancillary works is interpreted, for the two kinds of operating conditions of operating condition and hypsokinesis operating condition that lean forward, it is arranged in optimization aim
Different operating condition weight ratios studies the corresponding relationship of each Path of Force Transfer Yu each operating condition；
3) constraint condition is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, the constraint condition for defining topological optimization is that mass fraction optimizes sky
The percentage of the preceding quality of materials of being dominant of surplus material quality after interior optimization, while in order to which preferably ancillary works is interpreted,
Multiple groups mass fraction is respectively set in constraint condition to study the significance level of each Path of Force Transfer；
4) it submits and calculates
It submits and calculates in topological optimization simulation software Genesis, obtain passenger car backrest skeleton various working weight
Than the orthogonal test topologies of, a variety of mass fractions.
The interpretation of topologies engineering described in technical solution refers to:
1) equal weight ratio compares different quality containing topologies
Compare equal weight ratio, topologies when different quality containing analyze the significance level of each Path of Force Transfer；Matter
The Path of Force Transfer occurred in topologies when measuring score minimum is most important Path of Force Transfer under the weight ratio, with mass fraction
Increase, the significance level of the Path of Force Transfer successively occurred gradually decreases；
2) identical mass fraction, more different weight ratio topologies
More identical mass fraction, topologies when different weight ratios, it is corresponding with each operating condition to analyze each Path of Force Transfer
Relationship；
3) passenger car backrest skeleton prioritization scheme is determined
Based on the above-mentioned comparative analysis to orthogonal test topologies, when determining passenger car backrest skeleton prioritization scheme,
The working condition requirement of passenger car backrest skeleton is considered first, and most important Path of Force Transfer has to retain under the operating condition；
Then the lightweight target for considering passenger car backrest frame design is that the biggest quality allowed arranges surplus material,
The principle of arrangement is the material successively added from high to low in respective path according to the significance level of Path of Force Transfer, and is suitably widened
Original path；
It finally according to seat comfort and technological feasibility requires that partial structurtes are refined and modified, obtains car seat
The prioritization scheme of chair back skeleton.
The design of passenger car backrest skeleton structure described in technical solution and security verification refer to:
Passenger car backrest skeleton structure is carried out according to the prioritization scheme determined in " interpretation of topologies engineering " step
Optimization design, and the passenger car backrest skeleton after optimization design is replaced into the backrest frames in initial bus seat model；Weight
It is newly calculated, whether the bus seat after verifying optimization design meets bus seat dynamic test as defined in GB13057-2014
It is required that with the requirement of backrest test of static strength as defined in GB 15083-2006；
If meeting laws and regulations requirement, using the passenger car backrest skeleton structure as final design scheme；If being unsatisfactory for
Laws and regulations requirement then adjusts seat back-rest framework frame pipe fitting, seat back-rest framework upper backboard and seat back-rest framework lower backboard
Thickness, or according to the arrangement of orthogonal test topologies adjustment Path of Force Transfer, until meeting laws and regulations requirement.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention can meet various working (GB13057-2014 " visitor at the same time
The intensity of vehicle seats and its vehicle mounts " as defined in " leaning forward " dynamic test and GB15083-2006 " automotive seat, seat are solid
Determine device and headrest intensity requirement and test method " as defined in " hypsokinesis " test of static strength) realize under the premise of security requirement
The lightweight of bus seat, existing quality increases during overcoming the problems, such as current bus seat safety Design, improves vehicle
Power performance and the economy performance.
It, can be given 2. the design method of passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention is based on topological optimization technology
Optimal material distribution is obtained in design space, on the one hand avoids the blindness empirically modified repeatedly in traditional design,
The development time is shortened, development cost has been saved；On the other hand, the design method obtains power transmission road by topological optimization technology
Diameter is to instruct material arranged with Path of Force Transfer, improves stock utilization, mass fraction is constrained in optimization process, so that set
The passenger car backrest skeleton of meter meets lightweight requirements at the beginning of design；Furthermore bus seat can be held in actual use
By the load of various operating conditions, need to meet the requirement of various working, the design method can carry out visitor for various working simultaneously
The safety and light-weight design of vehicle seats backrest frames are had more comprehensively reliable using the bus seat that this method designs
Performance；In addition, the design method additionally provides a kind of idea and method for interpreting topologies, it being capable of preferably ancillary works teacher
Carry out topologies interpretation.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings:
Fig. 1 is multiplying on heel row spare seat when simulation car as defined in GB 13057-2014 dynamic test collides
The operating condition schematic diagram that leans forward that member travels forward and test seat collides；
Fig. 2-a is a kind of main view of passenger car backrest skeleton structure composition of the present invention；
Fig. 2-b is a kind of left view of passenger car backrest skeleton structure composition of the present invention；；
Fig. 3-a is seat back-rest framework border structure employed in a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention
The main view of composition；
Fig. 3-b is seat back-rest framework border structure employed in a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention
The left view of composition；
Fig. 4-a is seat back-rest framework upper backboard knot employed in a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention
The main view of structure composition；
Fig. 4-b is seat back-rest framework upper backboard knot employed in a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention
The left view of structure composition；
Fig. 5-a is that seat back-rest framework lower back employed in a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention is hardened
The main view of structure composition；
Fig. 5-b is that seat back-rest framework lower back employed in a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention is hardened
The left view of structure composition；
Fig. 6 is one kind of the present invention for multi-state safety and light-weighted passenger car backrest frame design side
The flow diagram of method；
Fig. 7 is that bus seat is limited under leaning forward operating condition in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention
Meta-model axonometric projection view；
Fig. 8 is dummy and auxiliary block under leaning forward operating condition in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention
Chair multi-rigid model main view；
Fig. 9 is bus seat-vacation under leaning forward operating condition in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention
People's coupling model axonometric drawing；
Figure 10 is working condition safety emulation point of leaning forward in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention
Acceleration-time plot that bus deck and spare seat are applied when analysis；
Figure 11-a be lean forward in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention operating condition without safety belt about
Manikin head X is to load-time diagram when beam；
Figure 11-b be lean forward in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention operating condition without safety belt about
Manikin head's Z-direction load-time diagram when beam；
Figure 12-a be lean forward in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention operating condition without safety belt about
Manikin head and the X of bus deck are to relative displacement-time plot when beam；
Figure 12-b be lean forward in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention operating condition without safety belt about
The Z-direction of manikin head and bus deck relative displacement-time plot when beam；
Figure 13 is initial bus seat skeleton structure in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention
The main view of composition；
At the beginning of Figure 14-a is a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework of the present invention
Begin optimization space main view；
At the beginning of Figure 14-b is a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework of the present invention
Begin optimization space left view；
Figure 15-a be in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention without belt restraints when dummy
Head X is to load-relative displacement curve figure；
Figure 15-b be in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention without belt restraints when dummy
Head Z-direction load-relative displacement curve figure；
Figure 16-a is that a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework of the present invention is opened up
Flutter optimization lean forward operating condition load main view；
Figure 16-b is that a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework of the present invention is opened up
Flutter optimization lean forward operating condition load left view；
Figure 17-a is that a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework of the present invention is opened up
Flutter optimization hypsokinesis operating condition load main view；
Figure 17-b is that a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework of the present invention is opened up
Flutter optimization hypsokinesis operating condition load left view；
Figure 18-a is that a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework of the present invention is more
Operating condition topological optimization loads main view；
Figure 18-b is that a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework of the present invention is more
Operating condition topological optimization loads left view；
Figure 19-a is that a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework of the present invention is more
Operating condition orthogonal test topologies figure；
Figure 19-b is a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method microbus seat back-rest framework list of the present invention
Operating condition orthogonal test topologies figure；
Figure 20 is that weight ratio is that 1:1 mass fraction is in a kind of passenger car backrest frame design method of the present invention
Topologies figure when 10%；
In figure: 1. seat back-rest framework frames, 2. seat back-rest framework upper backboards, 3. seat back-rest framework lower backboards, 4.
Seat back-rest framework left border, 5. seat back-rest framework Right Borders, 6. upper beams, 7. pin holes, 8. intermediate trunks, 9. is left
Side shoot is dry, 10. right side limbs, 11. upper through-holes, 12. middle part PATENT left side vias, 13. middle part right side through-holes, and 14. middle parts are intermediate logical
Hole, 15. lower left side through-holes, 16. lower right side through hole, 17. lateral back-supporteds, 18. initial optimization spaces, 19. tops
" people " vee path V, 20. lower, transverse paths, 21. lower left side longitudinal paths, 22. lower parts right side longitudinal path.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Refering to Fig. 2-a and Fig. 2-b, passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention is left and right symmetrical junction component comprising
There are seat back-rest framework frame 1, seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2 and seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3, seat back-rest framework frame
1, seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2 is all made of steel with seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3 and is made, seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2
Spot welding mode is all made of with seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3 to be fixedly connected with seat back-rest framework frame 1.The passenger car backrest
Skeleton overall length L is 458mm, and beam overall W is 256mm, and total high H is 792mm.
Refering to Fig. 3-a and Fig. 3-b, the seat back-rest framework frame 1 is left and right symmetrical thin-wall tube structural member, wall
Thick 2mm, from front view, front shape is " inverted U-shaped "；From left view, side view considers that passenger riding is comfortable
Property require and forward, after by bending at two.
The seat back-rest framework frame 1 is by seat back-rest framework left border 4, seat back-rest framework Right Border 5
It is formed with upper beam 6；Seat back-rest framework left border 4 and seat back-rest framework Right Border 5 are symmetrical two pipe fittings,
The cross-sectional shape of seat back-rest framework left border 4 and seat back-rest framework Right Border 5 is all circular ring shape, and internal diameter is
26mm.The middle-end of seat back-rest framework left border 4 and seat back-rest framework Right Border 5 curves together 158 ° of angle backward,
The upper end of the seat back-rest framework left border 4 and seat back-rest framework Right Border 5 same angle for curving 152 °, while seat forward
The upper end of chair back skeleton left border 4 and seat back-rest framework Right Border 5 is to inboard (a right, left side) with the angle for curving 108 °
The bottom end of degree, seat back-rest framework left border 4 and seat back-rest framework Right Border 5 is flattened, and is provided with together at flattening
The diameter of axis is the pin hole 7 of 9mm, and pin hole 7 is connected for being connected with connecting plate, and then by connecting plate with cushion skeleton.
The upper beam 6 is the structural member of equal rectangular cross sections, is by will be with seat back-rest framework left border 4
Round tube identical with 5 structure of seat back-rest framework Right Border flattens, the left and right both ends of upper beam 6 and backrest
Skeleton left border 4 is connected with the top of seat back-rest framework Right Border 5.
In actual processing, the seat back-rest framework frame 1 is suppressed through several roads, is bent using a pipe fitting cut out
It is formed with bore process processing in batching.
Refering to Fig. 4-a and Fig. 4-b, the seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2 is left and right symmetrical plate structure part, plate
Thickness is 0.8mm, the left and right width dimensions of seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2 and the left and right width of 1 upper end of seat back-rest framework frame
It spends equal sized.For convenience of the planform of description seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2, the present invention will on front view using dotted line
Seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2 is divided into intermediate trunk 8, left side limb 9 and right side limb 10, in fact on seat back-rest framework
Backboard 2 is an integral molding structure part.
8 lower width of intermediate trunk is larger, and upper width is smaller.The lower part two sides of intermediate trunk 8 are straight line
Side, lower width D=118mm；The top two sides of intermediate trunk 8 are curved side, and the width elder generation of intermediate trunk 8 from bottom to top
It is gradually reduced, is gradually increased again after width reaches minimum, minimum widith d=30mm；The bottom side edge of intermediate trunk 8 is curve
Side, top side are straight line, and top is connected by spot-welding technology with the upper beam 6 in seat back-rest framework frame 1.
The left side limb 9 and right side limb 10 is the symmetrical member about the symmetrical middle line of intermediate trunk 8, left side limb
9 and right side limb 10 front shape be similar to " lying low " letter " Y ".The right edge of left side limb 9 and right side limb 10
The lower part two sides of left side and intermediate trunk 8 are total to side；9 right-to-left of left side limb, the lower-upper length of left side limb 9 are first gradually
Reduce, be then gradually increased, occur bifurcated at c=80mm, top bifurcated extends to upper left side, and lower forks to the left prolong by lower section
It stretches, the lower-upper length of top bifurcated is smaller, and the lower-upper length of lower forks is larger, but the lower-upper length of the two is all right-to-left
It is first gradually reduced and is then gradually increased, the left side of top bifurcated and lower forks is straight line, top bifurcated and lower part
The left end of fork is all made of the rear side of the seat back-rest framework left border 4 in spot-welding technology and seat back-rest framework frame 1
It is fixedly connected；The shape of right side limb 10 is full symmetric equal with left side limb 9, structure size and Joining Technology and left side limb
9 is identical, and details are not described herein again.
9 and of intermediate trunk 8, left side limb 9, right side limb 10 and left side limb in seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2
The top bifurcated and lower forks of right side limb 10 are that middle part width is small, and end portion width is big, not only improves lightweight in this way, again
It can guarantee bonding strength；This skeletal structures of seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2 both can guarantee reasonable Path of Force Transfer, guarantee peace
Quan Xing, and can utmostly realize lightweight；2 entirety of seat back-rest framework upper backboard is molded by blanking technique and is made.
From left view, seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2 is Curved plate structure part, longitudinal curvature 0.0013mm-1。
In addition, horizontally there is also certain curvature, tops for the top bifurcated and lower forks structure of left side limb 9 and right side limb 10
Bifurcation structure cross curvature is 0.00023mm-1, lower forks structure cross curvature is 0.00032mm-1。
Refering to Fig. 5-a and Fig. 5-b, the seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3 is similarly left and right symmetrical plate structure
Part, plate thickness 0.8mm.From front view, be provided in seat back-rest framework lower backboard 36 it is different, not of uniform size
Through-hole；Wherein:
11 shape of upper through-hole is approximately left and right symmetrical pentagon through-hole, and upper through-hole 11 is arranged in seat
The upper end of backrest frames lower backboard 3, the upper hole edge of upper through-hole 11 and the top backboard side of seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3 are equal
It goes, arc-shaped edges transition connection is all made of between each hole edge junction, that is, adjacent two hole edge；
The middle part PATENT left side via 12 is 2 through-holes symmetrical, that structure size is equal with through-hole 13 on the right side of middle part, in
Through-hole 13 is symmetrically dispersed in the lower section of upper through-hole 11 on the right side of portion's PATENT left side via 12 and middle part, and middle part PATENT left side via 12 with
The upper hole edge of through-hole 13 and the lower-left hole edge of upper through-hole 11 are parallel with bottom right hole edge on the right side of middle part.
The middle part intermediate throughholes 14 are distributed in the middle position of through-hole 13 on the right side of middle part PATENT left side via 12 and middle part, in
Portion's intermediate throughholes 14 are approximately the through-hole of isosceles triangle, and each hole edge junction of middle part intermediate throughholes 14 equally uses arc-shaped edges
Transition connection；
The lower left side through-hole 15 and lower right side through hole 16 are identical 2 through-holes of symmetrical, structure size, under
Portion's PATENT left side via 15 and lower right side through hole 16 are symmetrically dispersed in the lower section of through-hole 13 on the right side of middle part PATENT left side via 12 and middle part.
Flange and lower back on the left of the lower backboard that the bottom end backboard side of seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3, forward fold are formed
It is equipped with " gap " in the middle part of flange on the right side of plate, its purpose is to losss of weight.6 be arranged in seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3
Through-hole can effectively mitigate seat back-rest framework weight, and remaining material is formed by Path of Force Transfer and can effectively transmit collision
Load guarantees seat safety, and the lateral back-supported 17 of 11 top of upper through-hole can provide passenger-back effectively support,
Improve seat comfort.Seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3 is whole to be formed using punching process.
From left view, seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3 is the Curved plate structure part with certain longitudinal curvature, seat
The longitudinal curvature of backrest frames lower backboard 3 is 0.0011mm-1, and the left side flange and right side-overturn of seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3
The planform of the front end edge on side and seat back-rest framework left border 4 and backrest bone in seat back-rest framework frame 1
In frame Right Border 5, lower end structure shape it is identical, convenient for seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3 is connected to seat by spot welding
On the lower end of backrest frames frame 1.
Refering to Fig. 6, in order to obtain above-mentioned passenger car backrest skeleton, a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention
Design method comprise the following steps that
1. initial bus seat safety simulation analysis
1) initial bus seat leans forward working condition safety simulation analysis
(1) bus seat-dummy's coupling model under the operating condition that leans forward is established
A. bus seat finite element model under the operating condition that leans forward is established
Refering to Fig. 7, according in GB 13057-2014 to the regulation of bus seat dynamic test, in finite element emulation software
GTD model, grid dividing, mesh quality inspection, material and attribute imparting, contact and connection is successively carried out in HyperMesh to set
It sets, boundary condition applies and (applies the acceleration-time graph for meeting laws and regulations requirement to bus deck), output information definition is (fixed
Justice needs animation, the contact load, modal displacement, element stress information exported), so that establishing bus seat shown in Fig. 7 has
Limit meta-model.
B. dummy and spare seat multi-rigid model under the operating condition that leans forward are established
Refering to Fig. 8, according in GB 13057-2014 to the regulation of bus seat dynamic test, in multi-rigid body simulation software
Model cootrol parameter is set in MADYMO, establishes spare seat model, imports dummy model, adjustment dummy's posture and position, builds
Vertical contact defines acceleration field (applying the acceleration-time graph for meeting laws and regulations requirement to spare seat), defines output information
(acceleration, load, injury, the displacement information of animation, manikin head and leg that definition needs to export), to establish Fig. 8 institute
The dummy shown and spare seat multi-rigid model.
C. finite element model is coupled with multi-rigid model
Refering to Fig. 9, in the coupling module Coupling Assistant of MADYMO software, bus seat finite element is imported
Model and dummy and spare seat multi-rigid model adjust the position of multi-rigid model, establish coupling collection and contact, establish and calculate
Space, so that bus seat finite element model shown in Fig. 7 and dummy shown in Fig. 8 and spare seat multi-rigid model be carried out
Coupling obtains bus seat shown in Fig. 9-dummy's coupling model.
(2) it submits and calculates and post-processed
A. it submits and calculates
Bus seat-dummy's coupling model is generated using the coupling module Coupling Assistant of MADYMO software
It can be generated simultaneously for coupling the K file calculated and XML file, the K file of generation and XML file are mentioned under LINUX system
It hands over and calculates.
B. it post-processes
After calculating, the kn3 file generated will be calculated under Windows system and imports HyperView software,
Emulation animation is observed in HyperView software, before checking whether dummy's trunk and head anterior displacement are more than spare seat R point
Whether the lateral vertical plane of 1.6m, seat occur severely deformed or fracture separation；Generation will be calculated under Windows system
Injury file import HyperGraph software, using HyperGraph Software on Drawing and export manikin head, leg load-when
Half interval contour reads dummy's leg injury value FAC；The d3plot file generated will be calculated under Windows system imports LS-DYMA
The post-processing module of software, manikin head, leg and car are drawn and exported using the post-processing module of LS-DYMA software
The displacement-time curve of plate using OriginPro Software on Drawing and exports the opposite position of manikin head, leg and bus deck
Shifting-time graph；Manikin head's injury values HIC and chest are read from the PEAK file for calculating generation under Windows system
Injury values ThAC.
Manikin head's injury values HIC, chest injury values ThAC and leg injury value FAC are for judging the bus seat preceding
Whether the safety under operating condition of inclining meets laws and regulations requirement.Manikin head, leg load-time graph, manikin head, leg and visitor
Relative displacement-the time graph on vehicle floor is for manikin head, leg load-relative displacement needed for drawing subsequent optimization design
Curve.
2) initial bus seat hypsokinesis working condition safety simulation analysis
(1) bus seat finite element model under hypsokinesis operating condition is established
According to, to the regulation of backrest test of static strength, using finite element emulation software in GB 15083-2006
On the basis of the operating condition bus seat finite element model that leans forward HyperMesh shown in Fig. 7, modification boundary condition (is deleted to visitor
Acceleration-time graph that vehicle floor applies, is changed to apply backrest backward along longitudinal direction relative to seat " R " point 530Nm
The load of torque), to establish the bus seat finite element model under hypsokinesis operating condition.
(2) it submits and calculates and post-processed
Bus seat finite element model under the hypsokinesis operating condition established is submitted into calculating in HyperMesh software, is calculated
After observe emulation animation in HyperView software, check chair framework, anchorage, regulating device, displacement folding
Whether stacking device fails, if applied load is able to bear, to judge safety under the bus seat hypsokinesis operating condition
Whether property meets laws and regulations requirement.
2. establishing passenger car backrest skeleton topological optimization model
1) design domain and non-design domain are determined
Based on existing bus seat finite element model, according to the design feature of passenger car backrest skeleton, design object,
The features of response of passenger car backrest skeleton under the boundary condition and corresponding operating condition of multi-state load and constraint, by main load
Structure is as design domain, non-bearing structure or secondary load-carrying construction as non-design domain, and the material of design domain is in subsequent topology meter
It is redistributed in calculation, non-design domain material does not change；
2) initial optimization space is established
On the basis of initial passenger car backrest skeleton structure, design domain material is stuffed entirely with, to establish initial
Optimize space；
3) operating condition loads
(1) operating condition that leans forward load
Under the operating condition that leans forward, this dynamic impulsion operating condition is needed to be equivalent to dynamic impact loads using formula (1) quiet
State load, i.e. local average impact load P:
In formula: F (s) is course of the impact load with displacement in impact load peak ranges, S1With S2Respectively impact load
Displacement of the displacement at the end of when peak ranges originate；
Therefore needing will the middle manikin head exported of step 1 " initial bus seat safety simulation analysis ", leg load-
Time graph, manikin head, leg and bus deck relative displacement-time graph be integrated into manikin head, leg load-phase
To displacement curve, and the part on the curve within the scope of interception load peaks, local average impact load is calculated using formula (1)
P, as manikin head, leg Equivalent Static load.
From in emulation animation and manikin head in collision process, leg and car are found out using HyperView software
The region of seat back-rest framework contact, then uniformly applies corresponding equivalent static load on these areas；The application of constraint is same
It is noted that with dynamic impulsion equivalent；
(2) hypsokinesis operating condition loads
Under hypsokinesis operating condition, this static operating condition is needed according to GB 15083-2006, to backrest along longitudinal direction to
Apply the load relative to seat " R " point 530Nm torque afterwards；
3. setting topological optimization parameter simultaneously submits calculating
1) design variable is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, define topological optimization design variable be optimize space material it is close
Degree；
2) optimization aim is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, defining the optimization aim of topological optimization can be most for optimization steric strain
It is small, while in order to which preferably ancillary works is interpreted, for the two kinds of operating conditions of operating condition and hypsokinesis operating condition that lean forward, it is arranged in optimization aim
Different operating condition weight ratios studies the corresponding relationship of each Path of Force Transfer Yu each operating condition；
3) constraint condition is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, the constraint condition for defining topological optimization is that (i.e. optimization is empty for mass fraction
The percentage of the preceding quality of materials of being dominant of surplus material quality after interior optimization), while in order to which preferably ancillary works is interpreted,
Multiple groups mass fraction is respectively set in constraint condition to study the significance level of each Path of Force Transfer；
4) it submits and calculates
It submits and calculates in topological optimization simulation software Genesis, obtain passenger car backrest skeleton various working weight
Than the orthogonal test topologies of a variety of mass fractions.
4. topologies engineering is interpreted
1) equal weight ratio compares different quality containing topologies
Compare equal weight ratio, topologies when different quality containing analyze the significance level of each Path of Force Transfer；Matter
The Path of Force Transfer occurred in topologies when measuring score minimum is most important Path of Force Transfer under the weight ratio, with mass fraction
Increase, the significance level of the Path of Force Transfer successively occurred gradually decreases；
2) identical mass fraction, more different weight ratio topologies
More identical mass fraction, topologies when different weight ratios, it is corresponding with each operating condition to analyze each Path of Force Transfer
Relationship；
3) passenger car backrest skeleton prioritization scheme is determined
Based on the above-mentioned comparative analysis to orthogonal test topologies, when determining passenger car backrest skeleton prioritization scheme,
The working condition requirement of passenger car backrest skeleton is considered first, and most important Path of Force Transfer has to retain under the operating condition；
Then consider that the lightweight target (biggest quality of permission) of passenger car backrest frame design arranges surplus material,
The principle of arrangement is the material successively added from high to low in respective path according to the significance level of Path of Force Transfer, and is suitably widened
Original path；
It finally according to seat comfort and technological feasibility requires that partial structurtes are refined and modified, obtains car seat
The prioritization scheme of chair back skeleton.
5. the design of passenger car backrest skeleton structure and security verification
Passenger car backrest skeleton structure is carried out according to the prioritization scheme determined in step 4 " interpretation of topologies engineering "
Optimization design, and the passenger car backrest skeleton after optimization design is replaced into the backrest frames in initial bus seat model, weight
It is newly calculated, whether the bus seat after verifying optimization design meets bus seat dynamic test as defined in GB13057-2014
It is required that and the requirement of backrest test of static strength as defined in GB 15083-2006.
If meeting laws and regulations requirement, using the passenger car backrest skeleton structure as final design scheme；If being unsatisfactory for
Laws and regulations requirement then adjusts seat back-rest framework frame pipe fitting 1, seat back-rest framework upper backboard 2 and seat back-rest framework lower backboard 3
Thickness, or the arrangement of Path of Force Transfer is adjusted according to orthogonal test topologies, until meet laws and regulations requirement.
Embodiment
Passenger car backrest skeleton initial weight in the implementation case is 7.72kg, and whole chair skeleton initial weight is
29.46kg.On the basis of the bus seat model, using the design method in the present invention, this bus seat is carried out more
Working condition safety and light-weight design.
1, initial bus seat safety simulation analysis
1) initial bus seat leans forward working condition safety simulation analysis
(1) bus seat-dummy's coupling model under the operating condition that leans forward is established
A. bus seat finite element model under the operating condition that leans forward is established
Refering to Fig. 7 and Figure 10, with reference in GB 13057-2014 to the regulation of bus seat dynamic test, it is imitative in finite element
GTD model is successively carried out in true software HyperMesh, grid dividing, mesh quality inspection, material and attribute assign, contact and
Connection setting, boundary condition apply and (apply acceleration-time graph shown in Fig. 10 to bus deck), output information defines,
To establish bus seat finite element model；
B. dummy and spare seat multi-rigid model under the operating condition that leans forward are established
Refering to Fig. 8 and Figure 10, with reference in GB 13057-2014 to the regulation of bus seat dynamic test, it is imitative in multi-rigid body
Model cootrol parameter is set in true software MADYMO, establishes spare seat model, import dummy model, adjustment dummy's posture and position
It sets, establishes contact, defines acceleration field (acceleration-time graph shown in Fig. 10 is applied to spare seat), definition output letter
Breath, to establish dummy and spare seat multi-rigid model；
C. finite element model is coupled with multi-rigid model
Refering to Fig. 9, using the coupling module Coupling Assistant of MADYMO software by bus seat shown in Fig. 7
Finite element model and dummy shown in Fig. 8 and spare seat multi-rigid model are coupled to obtain bus seat-vacation shown in Fig. 9
People's coupling model；
(2) it submits and calculates and post-processed
A. it submits and calculates
K file and XML file that coupling generates are submitted into calculating under LINUX system；
B. it post-processes
1-a, Figure 11-b, Figure 12-a, Figure 12-b and table 1 refering to fig. 1 are completed after calculating under LINUX system, are used
Any part anterior displacement on the HyperView software observation emulation animation under Windows system, dummy's trunk and head does not surpass
The lateral vertical plane of 1.6m before spare seat R point is crossed, severely deformed or fracture separation does not occur for seat；Using under Windows system
HyperGraph Software on Drawing and export manikin head, leg load-time graph (dummy when this sentences no belt restraints
For nose curve, Figure 11-a and Figure 11-b are seen), it reads dummy's leg injury value FAC (being shown in Table 1)；Using under Windows system
LS-DYMA software post-processing module and OriginPro Software on Drawing and the opposite position for exporting manikin head, leg and bus deck
Shifting-time graph (when this sentences no belt restraints for manikin head's curve, is shown in Figure 12-a and Figure 12-b)；In Windows
Manikin head's injury values HIC and chest injury values ThAC (being shown in Table 1) is read under system from the PEAK file for calculating generation.
Table 1 leans forward each position injury values of operating condition dummy
Left and right manikin head HIC value is more than regulation limit value 500 in the case of no belt restraints, is expired when having belt restraints
Sufficient laws and regulations requirement.Meet regulation when under normal circumstances without belt restraints, then also meets regulation when having safety belt.Therefore for preceding
Incline operating condition, the present invention is optimized just for the case where no belt restraints, but in final security verification to no safety belt
With there is the case where belt restraints to be verified.
2) initial bus seat hypsokinesis working condition safety simulation analysis
(1) bus seat finite element model under hypsokinesis operating condition is established
With reference to, to the regulation of backrest test of static strength, using finite element emulation software in GB 15083-2006
HyperMesh will delete acceleration-time graph that bus deck applies in bus seat finite element model under the operating condition that leans forward,
Apply the load relative to seat " R " point 530Nm torque backward along longitudinal direction to backrest, establishes the car seat under hypsokinesis operating condition
Chair finite element model.
(2) it submits and calculates and post-processed
Bus seat finite element model under the hypsokinesis operating condition established is submitted into calculating in HyperMesh software, is calculated
After emulation animation is observed in HyperView software, animation shows that hypsokinesis operating condition meets laws and regulations requirement, backrest, seat
Chair fixing device, regulating device, shift folding device do not fail, can bear added load.
2, passenger car backrest skeleton topological optimization model is established
1) design domain and non-design domain are determined
Refering to fig. 13, initial bus seat skeleton structure is as shown in the figure.Due to the dynamic test and GB of GB 13057-2014
The test of static strength of 15083-2006 is higher to backrest intensity requirement, and passenger car backrest is main under two kinds of operating conditions
Load-carrying construction, and in view of seat back-rest framework frame pipe fitting room for improvement is little, therefore define passenger car backrest skeleton back
Plate region is design domain, remaining region such as seat back-rest framework frame 1 and cushion skeleton is non-design domain.
2) initial optimization space is established
4-a and Figure 14-b will be designed shown in Figure 13 on the basis of initial passenger car backrest skeleton structure refering to fig. 1
Domain, that is, seat back-rest framework backplane region material is stuffed entirely with, and establishes the initial optimization space 18 in Figure 14-a and Figure 14-b.
3) operating condition loads
(1) operating condition that leans forward load
5-a and Figure 15-b refering to fig. 1, by the manikin head's load-time graph and Figure 12-a in Figure 11-a and Figure 11-b
Manikin head's load-relative displacement is integrated into relative displacement-time graph of manikin head and bus deck in Figure 12-b
Curve, take X to load peaks time range be 96ms-132ms, according to formula (1) calculate head X to equivalent static load PXFor
982kN；Taking Z-direction load peaks time range is 80ms-122ms, calculates to obtain head Z-direction equivalent static load P according to formula (1)ZFor
171kN；Y-direction load is smaller, can be neglected；
6-a and Figure 16-b refering to fig. 1 uniformly apply X to Z-direction etc. in backrest frames backboard and manikin head's contact area
Static load is imitated, contact area node number is 93, therefore applies the load that size is 11kN, Z-direction to positive direction to each contact node X
Negative direction applies the load that size is 2kN, constrains the six-freedom degree of seat back-rest framework frame pipe fitting lower end node；Dummy's leg
Portion's equivalent static load calculation method and loading method are identical as head.
(2) hypsokinesis operating condition loads
7-a and Figure 17-b refering to fig. 1 applies relative to seat R point seat back-rest framework with reference to GB 15083-2006
The torque of 530Nm, constraint is the same as the operating condition that leans forward；
8-a and Figure 18-b refering to fig. 1, the operating condition load of passenger car backrest skeleton multi-state topological optimization, which applies, to be finished.
3. setting topological optimization parameter simultaneously submits calculating
1) design variable is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, define topological optimization design variable be optimize space material it is close
Degree.
2) optimization aim is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, the optimization aim for defining topological optimization is to optimize the strain energy in space
Minimum, the weight ratio that lean forward operating condition and hypsokinesis operating condition are arranged in optimization aim is respectively 100:1,20:1,1:1,1:20,1:
100, and either simplex condition when being respectively provided with two kinds of operating condition individualisms.
3) constraint condition is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, the constraint condition for defining topological optimization is that mass fraction does not surpass respectively
Cross 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%.
4) it submits and calculates
It submits and calculates in topological optimization simulation software Genesis.
9-a and Figure 19-b refering to fig. 1, passenger car backrest skeleton multi-state and either simplex condition orthogonal test topologies are as schemed
It is shown.
4, topologies engineering is interpreted
1) equal weight ratio compares different quality containing topologies
(1) refering to Figure 20, observation weight ratio is 1:1, and topologies when mass fraction is 10% determine most important biography
Power path；For convenience of each Path of Force Transfer is described, the present invention is drawn using the Path of Force Transfer that dotted line obtains topologies on Figure 20
It is divided into top " people " vee path V 19, lower, transverse path 20, lower left side longitudinal path 21 and lower part right side longitudinal path 22.
For the operating condition that leans forward, most important Path of Force Transfer is top " people " vee path V 19 and lower, transverse path
20, the appearance of " people " vee path V is attributed to head loading force, and the appearance in lower, transverse path is attributed to leg loading force；
For hypsokinesis operating condition, most important Path of Force Transfer is axial route on the right side of lower left side longitudinal path 21 and lower part
Diameter 22；Hypsokinesis load(ing) point is located at the middle position of the upper beam 5 of seat back-rest framework frame 1, can pass through backrest at this time
Longitudinal path 22 carrys out power transmission on the right side of skeleton frame 1 and lower left side longitudinal path 21 and lower part.
(2) 9-a and Figure 19-b refering to fig. 1, observes influence of the change to Path of Force Transfer of mass fraction.Mass fraction increases
When, topologies always show as first widening original path, just occur new Path of Force Transfer when widening to a certain extent, it was demonstrated that
The effect for increasing new route at this time, which is better than, continues to widen existing path.Mass fraction continues growing, and new route continues to widen, and adds
Wide to will appear new Path of Force Transfer again to a certain extent, the significance level of new route is lower than the path previously occurred.
2) identical mass fraction, more different weight ratio topologies
(1) 9-a and Figure 19-b refering to fig. 1, when the operating condition that leans forward is identical as hypsokinesis operating condition weight, lean forward all Path of Force Transfer
Retain, the lateral path on top is only remained in hypsokinesis Path of Force Transfer.
(2) 9-a and Figure 19-b refering to fig. 1, when the operating condition weight that leans forward is larger, multi-state topological optimization result and the list that leans forward
Operating condition topologies are almost the same, do not occur the Path of Force Transfer in hypsokinesis operating condition, the reason is that hypsokinesis operating condition only relies on backrest
Skeleton frame 1 can also power transmission.It can be considered that when the operating condition weight that leans forward is larger, the operating condition that leans forward "comprising" hypsokinesis operating condition.
(3) 9-a and Figure 19-b refering to fig. 1, when hypsokinesis operating condition weight is larger, multi-state topological optimization result and hypsokinesis list
Operating condition topologies are roughly the same, but the lower, transverse path than hypsokinesis result in the operating condition that leans forward more, which is attributed to leg
Portion's loading force.Even if still there is the path when hypsokinesis operating condition weight reaches 100, it was demonstrated that the path is particularly important, as long as
Include the operating condition that leans forward in optimization aim, should just retain the path, i.e., lean forward hypsokinesis operating condition " cannot include " operating condition.
3) passenger car backrest skeleton prioritization scheme is determined
Refering to Fig. 2-a and Fig. 2-b, the in summary the Topology Optimization Analysis to passenger car backrest skeleton and different weight
Topologies than different quality containing are analyzed, and consider lean forward when passenger car backrest frame design operating condition and hypsokinesis working condition safety
Property will meet, thus in the operating condition that leans forward in most important top " people " vee path V, lower, transverse path and hypsokinesis operating condition most
Important lower part two sides longitudinal path will retain；Then consider that the lightweight target of passenger car backrest frame design is (maximum
Designing quality) it is 7kg, X-shaped path, upper lateral among lower part are successively added from high to low according to the significance level of Path of Force Transfer
To path, and suitably widen original path；The requirement for finally considering seat comfort back-supported, increases lateral back branch
Support 17；Present invention determine that passenger car backrest skeleton structure optimizing design scheme it is as shown in the figure.
5, the design of passenger car backrest skeleton structure and security verification
Refering to table 2, according to the prioritization scheme determined in step 4 " interpretation of topologies engineering " to passenger car backrest skeleton
Structure optimizes, by the backrest frames in the passenger car backrest skeleton replacement initial model after optimization design, again
It is calculated, safety of the bus seat after separately verifying optimization design under lean forward operating condition and hypsokinesis operating condition.
Lean forward in working condition safety simulation analysis process, have safety belt under no belt restraints, dummy's trunk and head
Any part anterior displacement be less than the lateral vertical plane of 1.6m before spare seat R point, bus seat does not occur seriously to become
Shape or fracture separation, and occupant injury (being shown in Table 2) is below regulation limit value.In hypsokinesis working condition safety simulation analysis process, seat
Chair back, anchorage, regulating device, shift folding device do not fail, and can bear added load.Therefore optimize
Bus seat after design meets laws and regulations requirement.
Lean forward each position injury values of operating condition dummy after 2 optimization design of table
Passenger car backrest skeleton weight is 6.99kg, loss of weight about 9.5% after optimization design；Whole chair skeleton after optimization design
Weight is 28.04kg, loss of weight about 4.8%.Since bus seat is large number of, therefore passenger car backrest skeleton of the present invention
And its design method is for realizing that car lightweight has remarkable result.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton, which is characterized in that a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton includes that seat leans on
Spine frame frame (1), seat back-rest framework upper backboard (2) and seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3)；
The seat back-rest framework frame (1) is left and right symmetrical steel-tube construction part, thickness of steel pipe 2mm, backrest bone
The front shape of frame frame (1) is " reverse U shape ", and side view has bending in, at lower end two；
The seat back-rest framework upper backboard (2) and seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3) is the song of left and right symmetrical steel
Panel construction part, upper backboard (2) and lower backboard (3) are all made of the upper end of spot welding mode and seat back-rest framework frame (1) under
End is fixedly connected；Passenger car backrest skeleton overall length L is 458mm, and beam overall W is 256mm, and total high H is 792mm.
2. a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton described in accordance with the claim 1, which is characterized in that the seat back-rest framework side
Frame (1) is made of seat back-rest framework left border (4), seat back-rest framework Right Border (5) and upper beam (6)；
Seat back-rest framework left border (4) and seat back-rest framework Right Border (5) are two symmetry equivalent pipe fittings, seat
Backrest frames left border (4) and the cross-sectional shape of seat back-rest framework Right Border (5) are all circular ring shape, and internal diameter is
26mm, seat back-rest framework left border (4) curve together 158 ° of angle with the middle-end of seat back-rest framework Right Border (5) backward
It spends, the upper end of seat back-rest framework left border (4) and seat back-rest framework Right Border (5) is forward the same as the angle for curving 152 °
Degree, at the same the upper end of seat back-rest framework left border (4) and seat back-rest framework Right Border (5) to inboard i.e. to the right, it is left
Side is the same as the angle for curving 108 °, the bottom end pressure of seat back-rest framework left border (4) and seat back-rest framework Right Border (5)
It is flat, and it is provided at flattening the pin hole (7) for being connected with connecting plate of coaxial line；
The upper beam (6) is the structural member of equal rectangular cross sections, is by will be with seat back-rest framework left border (4)
Round tube identical with seat back-rest framework Right Border (5) structure flattens, the left and right both ends of upper beam (6) and seat
Backrest frames left border (4) is connected with the top of seat back-rest framework Right Border (5).
3. a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton described in accordance with the claim 1, which is characterized in that on the seat back-rest framework
Backboard (2) is left and right symmetrical plate structure part, plate thickness 0.8mm, the left and right broad-ruler of seat back-rest framework upper backboard (2)
It is very little equal with the left and right width dimensions of seat back-rest framework frame (1) upper end；
The seat back-rest framework upper backboard (2) is made of intermediate trunk (8), left side limb (9) and right side limb (10)；
The lower width of the intermediate trunk (8) is greater than upper width, and the lower part two sides of intermediate trunk (8) are straight line,
Lower width D=118mm；The top two sides of intermediate trunk (8) are curved side, and the width of intermediate trunk (8) from bottom to top
It is first gradually reduced, is gradually increased again after width reaches minimum, minimum widith d=30mm；The bottom side edge of intermediate trunk (8) is song
Line side, top side are straight line；
Left side limb (9) and right side limb (10) are the symmetrical member about the symmetrical middle line of intermediate trunk (8), left side limb (9)
The letter " Y " of " lying low ", the right edge of left side limb (9) and right side limb are similar to the front shape of right side limb (10)
(10) the lower part two sides of left side and intermediate trunk (8) are total to side；Left side limb (9) right-to-left, left side limb (9) it is upper
Lower length is first gradually reduced, and is then gradually increased, and occurs bifurcated at c=80mm, and top bifurcated extends to upper left side, lower part
Lower section extends fork to the left, and the lower-upper length of top bifurcated is small, and the lower-upper length of lower forks is big, but the lower-upper length of the two is all
Right-to-left is first gradually reduced and is then gradually increased, and the left side of top bifurcated and lower forks is straight line, right side limb
(10) planform and the planform of left side limb (9) are full symmetric equal, structure size and Joining Technology and left side branch
Dry (9) are identical；
Seat back-rest framework upper backboard (2) is curved surface plate structure part, longitudinal curvature 0.0013mm-1, left side limb (9) with
Horizontally there is also certain curvature, top bifurcated cross curvature is the top bifurcated and lower forks of right side limb (10)
0.00023mm-1, lower forks cross curvature is 0.00032mm-1。
4. a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton described in accordance with the claim 1, which is characterized in that under the seat back-rest framework
Backboard (3) is left and right symmetrical plate structure part, and plate thickness 0.8mm is provided with 6 shapes in seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3)
Shape, through-hole not of uniform size；Wherein:
Upper through-hole (11) shape is left and right symmetrical pentagonal through-hole, and upper through-hole (11) setting is leaned in seat
The upper end of spine frame lower backboard (3), the upper hole edge of upper through-hole (11) and the top backboard side of seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3)
It is parallel, arc-shaped edges transition connection is all made of between each hole edge junction, that is, adjacent two hole edge；
The middle part PATENT left side via (12) is 2 through-holes symmetrical, that structure size is equal with through-hole (13) on the right side of middle part, in
Through-hole (13) is symmetrically dispersed in the lower section of upper through-hole (11) on the right side of portion's PATENT left side via (12) and middle part, and logical on the left of middle part
Hole (12) and the upper hole edge of through-hole (13) on the right side of middle part and the lower-left hole edge of upper through-hole (11) are parallel with bottom right hole edge；
The middle part intermediate throughholes (14) are distributed in the middle position of through-hole (13) on the right side of middle part PATENT left side via (12) and middle part,
Middle part intermediate throughholes (14) are the through-hole of isosceles triangle, and each hole edge junction of middle part intermediate throughholes (14) equally uses circular arc
Side transition connection；
The lower left side through-hole (15) and lower right side through hole (16) are the identical through-hole of symmetrical, structure size, lower part
PATENT left side via (15) and lower right side through hole (16) are symmetrically dispersed in through-hole (13) on the right side of middle part PATENT left side via (12) and middle part
Lower section；
Under the left side lower backboard flange and right side that the bottom end backboard side of seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3), forward fold are formed
It is provided in the middle part of backboard flange " gap ", it is 0.0011mm that seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3), which is with curvature,-1Curved surface
Plate, and the planform of the front end edge of the left side lower backboard flange of seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3) and right side lower backboard flange
With in seat back-rest framework frame (1) seat back-rest framework left border (4) and seat back-rest framework Right Border (5)
In, lower end structure shape it is identical；The left and right width dimensions of seat back-rest framework lower backboard (3) and seat back-rest framework frame (1)
In, the left and right width dimensions of lower end it is equal；
The lateral back-supported (17) effectively supported can be provided to passenger-back by being provided with above upper through-hole (11), and seat leans on
Spine frame lower backboard (3) is whole punching plate.
5. a kind of design method of passenger car backrest skeleton, which is characterized in that a kind of passenger car backrest skeleton
Design method comprises the following steps that
1) initial bus seat safety simulation analysis；
2) passenger car backrest skeleton topological optimization model is established；
3) topological optimization parameter is set and submits calculating；
4) topologies engineering is interpreted；
5) design of passenger car backrest skeleton structure and security verification.
6. a kind of design method of passenger car backrest skeleton according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described is initial
Bus seat safety simulation analysis refers to:
1) initial bus seat leans forward working condition safety simulation analysis
(1) bus seat-dummy's coupling model under the operating condition that leans forward is established
A. bus seat finite element model under the operating condition that leans forward is established
According in GB 13057-2014 to the regulation of bus seat dynamic test, in finite element emulation software HyperMesh according to
Secondary progress GTD model, grid dividing, mesh quality inspection, material and attribute assign, contact and connection setting, boundary condition are applied
Add to apply bus deck and meets acceleration-time graph of laws and regulations requirement and define the animation for needing to export, contact load
Lotus, modal displacement, element stress information, to establish bus seat finite element model；
B. dummy and spare seat multi-rigid model under the operating condition that leans forward are established
According to, to the regulation of bus seat dynamic test, being arranged in multi-rigid body simulation software MADYMO in GB 13057-2014
Model cootrol parameter, establish spare seat model, import dummy model, adjustment dummy's posture and position, establish contact, definition plus
Velocity field is to apply the acceleration-time graph for meeting laws and regulations requirement to spare seat, and define the animation for needing to export, vacation
The acceleration of head part and leg, load, injury, displacement information, to establish dummy and spare seat multi-rigid model；
C. finite element model is coupled with multi-rigid model
In the coupling module Coupling Assistant of MADYMO software, import bus seat finite element model and dummy and
Spare seat multi-rigid model adjusts the position of multi-rigid model, establishes coupling collection and contact, establishes and calculate space, thus will
Bus seat finite element model and dummy and spare seat multi-rigid model are coupled to obtain bus seat-dummy's coupled mode
Type；
(2) it submits and calculates and post-processed
A. it submits and calculates
While generating bus seat-dummy's coupling model using the coupling module Coupling Assistant of MADYMO software
It can generate for coupling the K file calculated and XML file, the K file of generation and XML file are submitted to meter under LINUX system
It calculates；
B. it post-processes
Manikin head, leg load-time graph are exported using HyperGraph software, draws manikin head, leg and seat
Relative displacement-time graph；From the PEAK file of generation obtain manikin head's injury values HIC, chest injury values ThAC and
Leg injury value FAC；It to judge whether bus seat safety under operating condition of leaning forward meets laws and regulations requirement, and is subsequent optimization
Curve needed for design provides；
2) initial bus seat hypsokinesis working condition safety simulation analysis
(1) bus seat finite element model under hypsokinesis operating condition is established
According to, to the regulation of backrest test of static strength, using finite element emulation software HyperMesh in GB 15083-2006
On the basis of leaning forward operating condition bus seat finite element model, boundary condition is modified, that is, deletes the acceleration applied to bus deck
Degree-time graph is changed to apply backrest backward along longitudinal direction the load relative to seat " R " point 530Nm torque, to build
Bus seat finite element model under vertical hypsokinesis operating condition；
(2) it submits and calculates and post-processed
Bus seat finite element model under the hypsokinesis operating condition established is submitted into calculating in HyperMesh software, calculating terminates
Emulation animation is observed in HyperView software afterwards, checks chair framework, anchorage, regulating device, shift folding dress
It sets and whether fails, if applied load is able to bear, to judge that safety is under the bus seat hypsokinesis operating condition
It is no to meet laws and regulations requirement.
7. a kind of design method of passenger car backrest skeleton according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the foundation
Passenger car backrest skeleton topological optimization model refers to:
1) design domain and non-design domain are determined
Based on existing bus seat finite element model, according to the design feature, design object, multiplexing of passenger car backrest skeleton
The features of response of passenger car backrest skeleton under the boundary condition and corresponding operating condition of condition load and constraint, by main load-carrying construction
As design domain, non-bearing structure or secondary load-carrying construction are as non-design domain, and the material of design domain is in subsequent topology calculates
Redistribution, non-design domain material do not change；
2) initial optimization space is established
On the basis of original passenger car backrest skeleton structure, design domain material is stuffed entirely with, to establish initial optimization
Space；
3) operating condition loads
(1) operating condition that leans forward load
Under the operating condition that leans forward, this dynamic impulsion operating condition is needed dynamic impact loads are equivalent to static load using formula (1)
Lotus, i.e. local average impact load P:
In formula: F (s) is course of the impact load with displacement in impact load peak ranges, S1With S2Respectively impact load peak value
Displacement of the displacement at the end of when range originates；
Therefore needing will the middle manikin head exported of step 1 " initial bus seat safety simulation analysis ", leg load-time
Curve, manikin head, leg and seat relative displacement-time graph to be integrated into manikin head, leg load-relative displacement bent
Line, and the part on the curve within the scope of interception load peaks, calculate local average impact load P using formula (1), as false
Head part, leg Equivalent Static load；
From in emulation animation and manikin head in collision process, leg and bus seat are found out using HyperView software
The region of backrest frames contact, then uniformly applies corresponding equivalent static load on these areas；The application of constraint will equally infuse
Meaning and dynamic impulsion equivalent；
(2) hypsokinesis operating condition loads
Under hypsokinesis operating condition, this static operating condition is needed to apply backrest backward along longitudinal direction according to GB15083-2006
Add the load relative to seat " R " point 530Nm torque.
8. a kind of design method of passenger car backrest skeleton according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the setting
Topological optimization parameter simultaneously submits calculating to refer to:
1) design variable is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, the design variable for defining topological optimization is the density of material for optimizing space；
2) optimization aim is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, defining the optimization aim of topological optimization can be minimum for optimization steric strain, together
When interpret for preferably ancillary works, for the two kinds of operating conditions of operating condition and hypsokinesis operating condition that lean forward, be arranged in optimization aim different
Operating condition weight ratio study the corresponding relationship of each Path of Force Transfer Yu each operating condition；
3) constraint condition is defined
In topological optimization simulation software Genesis, the constraint condition for defining topological optimization is that mass fraction optimizes in space
The percentage of the preceding quality of materials of being dominant of surplus material quality after optimization, while in order to which preferably ancillary works is interpreted, it is constraining
Multiple groups mass fraction is respectively set in condition to study the significance level of each Path of Force Transfer；
4) it submits and calculates
It submits and calculates in topological optimization simulation software Genesis, obtain passenger car backrest skeleton various working weight ratio, more
The orthogonal test topologies of kind mass fraction.
9. a kind of design method of passenger car backrest skeleton according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the topology
As a result engineering interpretation refers to:
1) equal weight ratio compares different quality containing topologies
Compare equal weight ratio, topologies when different quality containing analyze the significance level of each Path of Force Transfer；Quality point
The Path of Force Transfer occurred in topologies when number is minimum is most important Path of Force Transfer under the weight ratio, with the increasing of mass fraction
Add, the significance level of the Path of Force Transfer successively occurred gradually decreases；
2) identical mass fraction, more different weight ratio topologies
More identical mass fraction, topologies when different weight ratios, analyzes the corresponding relationship of each Path of Force Transfer Yu each operating condition；
3) passenger car backrest skeleton prioritization scheme is determined
Based on the above-mentioned comparative analysis to orthogonal test topologies, when determining passenger car backrest skeleton prioritization scheme, first
Consider the working condition requirement of passenger car backrest skeleton, most important Path of Force Transfer has to retain under the operating condition；
Then the lightweight target for considering passenger car backrest frame design is that the biggest quality allowed arranges surplus material, arrangement
Principle be the material successively added from high to low according to the significance level of Path of Force Transfer in respective path, and suitably widen original
Path；
It finally according to seat comfort and technological feasibility requires that partial structurtes are refined and modified, obtains bus seat and lean on
The prioritization scheme of spine frame.
10. a kind of design method of passenger car backrest skeleton according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the visitor
The design of vehicle seats backrest frames structure and security verification refer to:
Passenger car backrest skeleton structure is optimized according to the prioritization scheme determined in " interpretation of topologies engineering " step
Design, and the passenger car backrest skeleton after optimization design is replaced into the backrest frames in initial bus seat model；Again into
Row calculates, and whether the bus seat after verifying optimization design, which meets bus seat dynamic test as defined in GB 13057-2014, is wanted
It asks and backrest test of static strength requirement as defined in GB 15083-2006；
If meeting laws and regulations requirement, using the passenger car backrest skeleton structure as final design scheme；If being unsatisfactory for regulation
It is required that then adjusting seat back-rest framework frame pipe fitting (1), seat back-rest framework upper backboard (2) and seat back-rest framework lower backboard
(3) thickness, or according to the arrangement of orthogonal test topologies adjustment Path of Force Transfer, until meeting laws and regulations requirement.
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