CN109858122A - Consider that Earthquake Secondary leaves the road evaluation method of object and fire - Google Patents
Consider that Earthquake Secondary leaves the road evaluation method of object and fire Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of consideration Earthquake Secondary and leaves the road evaluation method of object and fire, belongs to civil engineering and prevents and reduces natural disasters technical field.This method according to Nonlinear time-history analysis and leaves the determining distribution built Earthquake Secondary and leave object of object motion analysis first, then passes through fire Spread Model, simulates fire spread situation caused by building on fire, obtain the coverage of fire；The secondary Spatio-Temporal Evaluation for leaving object and fire and influencing on road is carried out again, obtains influence result of single calamity kind to road；Finally, being superimposed secondary pendant object and influence of fire, comprehensive road evaluation result is provided.The present invention can leave the road ability under object and fire in Earthquake Secondary with predicted city road network, for shake before take precautions against natural calamities transformation and post-earthquake emergency response rescue provide key decision foundation.
Description
Technical field
It prevents and reduces natural disasters technical field the present invention relates to civil engineering, particularly relates to a kind of consideration Earthquake Secondary and leave object and fire
The road evaluation method of calamity.
Background technique
Urban population density is very high, especially megapolis, once earthquake occurs, necessarily will cause serious damage
It loses.After earthquake, the road ability problem of urban road is crucial rescue and evacuating personnel.Make urban road traffic network
For the channel of matter transportation, it is evacuating personnel when earthquake disaster occurs, rescue worker and construction brigade 5 and transport is sent to combat a natural disaster object
Route is provided, is the basis that rescue team reaches disaster relief scene, is life-and-death earthquake relief work lifeline.
In current research work, the work of earthquake effect road is compared sufficiently, many scholars
It is all based on different assumed condition and proposes corresponding computation model (debris piling problem in Du Peng traffic system prediction of earthquake calamity
The world improvement [J] earthquake engineering, 2007,15 (1): 161-164；State of Zhao is emerging, Chen Huai, and Traffic Systems are commented after Li Jie shake
Estimate and the reconstruction world [J] earthquake engineering, 1996,14 (10): 87-96).But existing method, it is main to consider building earthquake collapse
Influence to road does not consider that Earthquake Secondary leaves the influence of object and fire, does not account for the common of two kinds of secondary disasters more
Effect.Therefore, it to fully consider that seismic secondary disaster influences road, needs to research and develop and considers that Earthquake Secondary leaves object and fire
Road evaluation method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the roads that a kind of consideration Earthquake Secondary leaves object and fire
Evaluation method.
It is as follows that the method comprising the steps of:
S1: building Earthquake Secondary leaves object analysis: it is anti-to carry out building structure earthquake first with Dynamic time history analysis method
It should calculate, obtain floor response data, including story drift, speed, acceleration, relative storey displacement etc.；Then, it carries out going along with sb. to guard him structure
Part structure failure judgment；Finally, carrying out leaving object distribution calculating；
S2: it building earthquake fire analysis: using the response of buildings to earthquake calculated result being calculated in S1, uses
The building model on fire for returning constraint judges the fire probability of building, considers that heat radiation and heat two factors of emergence carry out fire
Sprawling simulation；
S3: road influences space-time analysis: using in the response of buildings to earthquake calculated result and S2 being calculated in S1
The fire of simulation spreads situation, determines that leaving object and fire influences the space-time of road respectively；
S4: object and fire road overlay analysis: are left according to obtained in S3 to the shadow of road
It rings as a result, further determining that earthquake leaves two kinds of disasters of object and fire to road with comprehensive overlay analysis method
Combined influence.
Wherein, earthquake response calculation method in S1 are as follows: the finite element numerical model for first establishing building structure acts earthquake
For input, structural seismic response is solved using elastic-plastic dynamic analysis method.Obtained floor response data includes but is not limited to
Floor is displaced time-histories, story drift, each layer relative velocity time-histories, Acceleration time course, damage results.
Fender member structure includes glass curtain wall and external non-structural two class of wall: the failure condition of glass curtain wall is Dglass≥
max(1.25IeΔaA,0.013/hsx)；The failure condition of external non-structural wall is Dwall≥max(ΔaA,0.013/hsx)；Its
In, DglassFor the story drift of glass curtain wall, DwallFor the story drift of external non-structural wall, hsxIt is related to for story drift
And layer height；ΔaAFor the permitted story drift limit value of structure, IeTake 1.0；
Leave object distribution calculation formulaWherein, Di,jFor the drop point distance for falling object, vI, jTo throw
Junk initial velocity is found out by being displaced with the time, hjFor the height for building j layers of building enclosure in i time step, g adds for gravity
Speed.
Fire sprawling analysis is built in S2 based on the fire spread analysis between building, it is contemplated that heat radiation and heat
Two principal elements of plume；Introduction of building indoor fire simplifies simulation by the function that definition temperature and rate of heat release change over time
It builds the entire inside fire from catching fire to extinguishing and spreads process.
The fire probability judgment method of building are as follows: building is under the influence of building on fire around, the received heat radiation of exterior wall
Intensity exceeds the strong 10kW/m of limit heat radiation on fire2, then it is assumed that the building will be ignited.
Object range maximum value, fire spread maximum value are left with buffer zone analysis building in S3, is specifically included:
Object distribution D is left by judgementij, influence of fire range f, outside of the building edge to the vertical of road axis
Inequality relation between distance d and the maximum width w of road, determination leaves object, fire to road respectively
It influences, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) fire occurs for building, but does not occur to collapse caused by fire:
1. it is wide to road axis vertical range and a half-path that the coverage of building fire sprawling is less than Architectural fringes
The difference of degree, i.e.,Then indicate that fire spread does not influence road, wherein f is influence of fire range, and d is
To the vertical range of road axis, w is road maximum width at outside of the building edge.
2. building fire spreading range falls between, i.e.,Then indicate that fire spread influences
Road, but influence less, can still carry out evacuating personnel and breakdown lorry passes through.
3. fire spread range is greater than Architectural fringes to the vertical range of road axis, i.e. f > d, then it represents that fire is climing
Prolong on road influence it is very big, evacuating personnel and breakdown lorry can not pass through.
(2) when influence of fire makes building collapse: the coverage for taking f=8m to consider fire to road.
With comprehensive overlay analysis method in S4, obtains the maximum value of combined influence range, specifically includes:
Building will be obtained with buffer area functional analysis leaves object distribution maximum value and the progress of fire spread maximum value
Superposition, is maximized, and obtained final result and road model are overlapped analysis；
Earthquake leaves object and fire to road combined influence range FmaxCalculation formula are as follows:Wherein, H is building general height, and v is to leave object initial velocity, and f is influence of fire range, and g is gravity
Acceleration.
The advantageous effects of the above technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
In above scheme, Earthquake Secondary can be left to the influence visualization of object and fire, predicted city road network is in earthquake
The secondary road ability left under object and fire joint effect, for shake before take precautions against natural calamities transformation and post-earthquake emergency response rescue provide key decision
Foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the road evaluation method flow chart that consideration Earthquake Secondary of the invention leaves object and fire；
Fig. 2 is that the building attribute information of the embodiment of the present invention inputs schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the groups of building earthquake disaster simulation result schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the road model schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 leaves object impact analysis schematic diagram for the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the fire spread schematic diagram of calculation result of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is fire spread situation contrast schematic diagram in five hours of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is fire spread
Before, (b) for after fire spread；
Fig. 8 is the road status analysis schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of road evaluation method for considering Earthquake Secondary and leaving object and fire.
As shown in Figure 1, that the method comprising the steps of is as follows:
S1: building Earthquake Secondary leaves object analysis: it is anti-to carry out building structure earthquake first with Dynamic time history analysis method
It should calculate, obtain floor response data, including story drift, speed, acceleration, relative storey displacement etc.；Then, it carries out going along with sb. to guard him structure
Part structure failure judgment；Finally, carrying out leaving object distribution calculating；
S2: it building earthquake fire analysis: using the response of buildings to earthquake calculated result being calculated in S1, uses
The building model on fire for returning constraint judges the fire probability of building, considers that heat radiation and heat two factors of emergence carry out fire
Sprawling simulation；
S3: road influences space-time analysis: using in the response of buildings to earthquake calculated result and S2 being calculated in S1
The fire of simulation spreads situation, determines that leaving object and fire influences the space-time of road respectively；
S4: object and fire road overlay analysis: are left according to obtained in S3 to the shadow of road
It rings as a result, further determining that earthquake leaves two kinds of disasters of object and fire to road with comprehensive overlay analysis method
Combined influence.
In specific implementation, as shown in Fig. 2, choosing data is that data are built in Chinese somewhere, according to the actual situation on ground
Buildings model is drawn in reason information system, and inputs related architecture information, including building title, construction-time, occupied area, layer
The essential informations such as number, structure type, layer height, building function.Then suitable seismic wave is selected, elasto-plastic time history analysis method is utilized
Carry out response of buildings to earthquake calculating.Due to the geographical location of selected data, and the earthquake intensity of this area is investigated, this
The simulation seismic wave of earthquake selects seismic wave when Chinese Wenchuan earthquake occurred in 2008, most close to this area's earthquake occurred
On a large scale, 539gal is set by earthquake peak acceleration, analysis time-histories is 40 seconds.495 are calculated through elasto-plastic time history
Earthquake simulation is built as a result, including building damage results, each floor relative storey displacement angle etc..
As shown in figure 3, the building damage results obtained are input in building attribute list, and indicated not with different graphic
Same building degree of impairment.From the point of view of earthquake disaster simulation result, there are building collapse situations for this area, and the building being badly damaged accounts for
It is most, it may occur however that the secondary disasters such as fire, this can cause very big influence to the road ability of road, and there is a strong possibility
Hinder evacuating personnel and Post disaster relief.
As shown in figure 4, the foundation of road model is equally completed in GIS-Geographic Information System.According to the true feelings of urban road
Condition draws major urban arterial highway road, during drawing road model, can assign width attribute to road simultaneously.Due to the ground
Area's road is intensive, and road width is different, so only discussing having a lot of social connections for turnpike road in this research, is uniformly set as 10
Rice.
Building is calculated in GIS-Geographic Information System and leaves object coverage, it is necessary first to by what is collapsed in earthquake simulation before
Building is picked out, and the building collapsed is mapped with the building in buildings model.It is obtained according to front Nonlinear time-history analysis
The floor arrived each moment corresponding story drift can find out building when destination earthquake occurs and leave the flat throwing of object generation
Then thus every secondary range for leaving object and being related to of building can be calculated in initial velocity when movement.As shown in figure 5, sharp
With buffer area function, inputting the building collapse being calculated respectively and leaving object influences the value of distance, available this area
Building Earthquake Secondary, which leaves object, influences buffer area, to obtain the secondary coverage for leaving object to road.
As shown in fig. 6, determine influence of the fire to road, first have to be chosen according to groups of building earthquake analysis result by
Calamity it is the most serious and do not collapse 3 at build, make it as point of origin, built using fire spread simulation program calculating difference
Erect the time required for fire.Computed information is input to building attribute database, and building on fire is carried out
Classification display, as shown in Figure 7.It indicates to build situation on fire using different figures.
Have been calculated building leave object and influence of fire range after, so that it may be overlapped and analyzed with analysis tool.
After opening intersection analysis tool, building collapse range figure layer, pendant object range figure layer, fire spread model are inputted in input element column
Figure layer is enclosed, in addition to this, because it is also contemplated that influence to road, it is also necessary to the road model figure layer established before input, it will
Four are overlapped analysis, are illustrated in figure 8 road character condition after overlay analysis.
The present invention predicts city road network and leaves the road ability under object and fire joint effect in Earthquake Secondary, can be before shaking
Take precautions against natural calamities transformation and post-earthquake emergency response rescue provide key decision foundation.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of road evaluation method for considering Earthquake Secondary and leaving object and fire, it is characterised in that: such as including step
Under:
S1: building Earthquake Secondary leaves object analysis: carrying out response of buildings to earthquake meter first with Dynamic time history analysis method
It calculates, obtains floor response data, including story drift, speed, acceleration, relative storey displacement；Then, fender member structure is carried out
Failure judgment；Finally, carrying out leaving object distribution calculating；
S2: building earthquake fire analysis: using the response of buildings to earthquake calculated result being calculated in S1, with recurrence
The building model on fire of constraint judges the fire probability of building, and it is climing to consider that heat radiation and heat two kinds of factors of emergence carry out fires
Prolong simulation；
S3: road influences space-time analysis: using simulating in the response of buildings to earthquake calculated result and S2 being calculated in S1
Fire spread situation, determine that leaving object and fire influences the space-time of road respectively；
S4: the influence knot of object and fire to road road overlay analysis: is left according to obtained in S3
Fruit further determines that earthquake leaves two kinds of disasters of object and fire to the comprehensive of road with comprehensive overlay analysis method
Group photo is rung.
2. the road evaluation method according to claim 1 for considering Earthquake Secondary and leaving object and fire, feature
Be: earthquake response calculation method is to establish the finite element numerical model of building structure in the S1, by earthquake action input, benefit
Structural seismic response is solved with elastic-plastic dynamic analysis method；
Fender member structure includes glass curtain wall and external non-structural two class of wall: the failure condition of glass curtain wall is Dglass≥max
(1.25IeΔaA,0.013/hsx)；The failure condition of external non-structural wall is Dwall≥max(ΔaA,0.013/hsx)；Wherein,
DglassFor the story drift of glass curtain wall, DwallFor the story drift of external non-structural wall, hsxIt is related to for story drift
Layer height；ΔaAFor the permitted story drift limit value of structure, IeTake 1.0；
Leaving object distribution calculation formula isWherein, Di,jTo leave object object drop point distance；vI, jTo throw
Junk initial velocity, by being obtained in the floor response data of S1, hjFor the height for building j layers of building enclosure in i time step, g is
Acceleration of gravity.
3. the road evaluation method according to claim 1 for considering Earthquake Secondary and leaving object and fire, feature
It is: builds earthquake fire analysis in the S2 based on the fire spread analysis between building, Introduction of building indoor fire is logical
It crosses and defines function that temperature and rate of heat release change over time to simplify entire interior of the simulant building from catching fire to extinguishing
Fire spread process；
Build judgment method on fire are as follows: under the influence of building on fire around, the received caloradiance of exterior wall exceeds building
Limit caloradiance 10kW/m on fire2, then it is assumed that the building will be ignited.
4. the road evaluation method according to claim 1 for considering Earthquake Secondary and leaving object and fire, feature
It is: object range maximum value, fire spread maximum value is left to determine the influence to road by analysis building in the S3, had
Body includes:
Object distribution D is left by judgementij, fire spread range f, outside of the building edge to road axis vertical range
Inequality relation between d and the maximum width w of road, determination leaves the influence of object, fire to road respectively,
It is specific as follows:
(1) fire occurs for building, but does not occur to collapse caused by fire:
1. the coverage of building fire sprawling is less than Architectural fringes to road axis vertical range and half road width
Difference, i.e.,Then indicate that fire spread does not influence road, wherein f is influence of fire range, and d is that building is outer
For side edge to the vertical range of road axis, w is road maximum width；
2. building fire spreading range falls between, i.e.,Then indicate that fire spread affects
Road road ability, but can still carry out evacuating personnel and breakdown lorry passes through；
3. fire spread range is greater than Architectural fringes to the vertical range of road axis, i.e. f > d, then it represents that fire spread pair
Road influence is very big, and evacuating personnel and breakdown lorry can not pass through；
(2) when influence of fire makes building collapse: the coverage for taking f=8m to consider fire to road.
5. the road evaluation method according to claim 1 for considering Earthquake Secondary and leaving object and fire, feature
It is: with comprehensive overlay analysis method in the S4, obtains the maximum value of combined influence range, specifically include:
Building will be obtained with buffer zone analysis and leaves object distribution maximum value and fire spread maximum value is overlapped, and be taken most
Big value, obtained final result and road model are overlapped analysis；
Earthquake leaves object and fire to road combined influence range FmaxCalculation formula are as follows:Wherein, H is the total height of building, and v is to leave object initial velocity, and f is influence of fire range, and g attaches most importance to
Power acceleration.
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Application publication date: 20190607 |