CN109835201B - Electromagnetic mechanism of wireless charging system of electric automobile and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Electromagnetic mechanism of wireless charging system of electric automobile and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109835201B CN109835201B CN201910230669.2A CN201910230669A CN109835201B CN 109835201 B CN109835201 B CN 109835201B CN 201910230669 A CN201910230669 A CN 201910230669A CN 109835201 B CN109835201 B CN 109835201B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
An electromagnetic mechanism of a wireless charging system of an electric automobile and a manufacturing method thereof belong to the field of wireless charging of electric automobiles. The invention comprises an electromagnetic mechanism of a wireless charging system and a manufacturing method of the electromagnetic mechanism; the electromagnetic mechanism that wirelessly charges includes: the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism and the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism are arranged on the base; the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is positioned in the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism; three groups of coils of a main coil M, AB coil and a CD coil in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism are respectively connected with corresponding compensation topologies and output in parallel; mutual inductance between the main coil M and the pair of auxiliary coils AB and CD in the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism is zero. The advantages are that: the electric automobile can pick up approximately the same energy at any parking position and any parking direction in a charging area, and the high-efficiency and stable charging of a wireless charging system of the electric automobile is ensured; the charging is carried out immediately after stopping, the charging is convenient and fast, no mechanical contact exists, the safety and the reliability are realized, and the applicability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless charging of electric automobiles, in particular to an electromagnetic mechanism of a wireless charging system of an electric automobile and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The development of electric automobiles is a necessary requirement for energy and environment, and is an important breakthrough in the automobile industry for dealing with the problems of energy safety, climate change and structure upgrading. Batteries are still the bottleneck of commercial development of electric vehicles as primary or secondary energy storage systems for electric vehicles. Due to the limitation of the battery capacity of the electric automobile, the endurance mileage of the electric automobile is short at present, and the construction of a battery charging station becomes the biggest bottleneck restricting the application and development of the electric automobile.
The existing electric automobile charging mode is a plug-in charging mode and a wireless charging mode.
The plug-in charging mode has the following disadvantages: the plug-in charging is a wired charging method, the operation is inconvenient due to the existence of a charging cable, the phenomena of abrasion, oxidation, corrosion and the like due to mechanical contact exist in plug-in charging, the metal of a plug-in connector is exposed, the potential safety hazard is large, and the use of the external charging pile can be influenced in severe weather.
The wireless charging mode is as follows: in order to realize efficient wireless charging of the electric automobile, the improvement of mutual inductance coupling between a primary magnetic energy transmitting plate and a secondary magnetic energy receiving plate of a wireless charging system is an important approach. At present, there are mainly the following methods. (1) The primary magnetic energy transmitting plate and the secondary magnetic energy receiving plate of the wireless charging system are required to be aligned as high as possible, so that a driver is required to have a better parking technology, and the parking time is longer; (2) the addition of an additional coil-assisted alignment system results in a slow process and increased manufacturing costs; (3) the anti-offset fault-tolerant capability of the magnetic circuit mechanism is improved. Obviously, the mode (3) has better research and development prospects than the mode (1) and the method (2).
The existing mode (3) is mainly used for researching the anti-offset tolerance of the magnetic circuit mechanism by adopting methods such as resonant compensation network design, closed-loop robust control, magnetic circuit mechanism optimization design and the like, however, for the methods, the existing main defects are that the anti-offset tolerance range is not large enough, and the problems of 'induction blind spots' exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electromagnetic mechanism of a wireless charging system of an electric automobile and a manufacturing method thereof, and solves the problems of system transmission power reduction and transmission efficiency reduction caused by inaccurate parking position when the electric automobile is statically and wirelessly charged; the electric automobile can pick up approximately the same energy at any parking position and any parking direction in a charging area, and the efficient and stable charging of the wireless charging system of the electric automobile is guaranteed.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the invention comprises an electromagnetic mechanism of a wireless charging system and a manufacturing method of the electromagnetic mechanism;
the electromagnetic mechanism that wirelessly charges includes: the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism and the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism are arranged on the base; the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is positioned in the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism;
the main coil M and the auxiliary coils AB and CD in the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism are not directly connected on the structure, are connected in series after independent compensation and rectification and are connected with a load; the mutual inductance between the main coil M and the auxiliary coil AB in the crossed auxiliary side receiving mechanism is zero, and the mutual inductance between the main coil M and the auxiliary coil CD in the crossed auxiliary side receiving mechanism is zero.
The 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is characterized in that a plurality of coils are formed by winding a litz wire, the coils are wound in an 8-shaped writing mode, S-shaped forward winding wires are wound in a crossed and reverse mode, and finally the coils are wound into a grid-shaped coil structure; the width of a coil in the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is W, and the length of a single coil is L; mutual inductance is effectively avoided among a plurality of coils wound by a plurality of litz wires, the vertical components of the magnetic induction intensity generated on the same equal-height surface in the same coil are approximately uniform, and the directions of magnetic fields generated by two adjacent coils are opposite.
The crossed secondary side receiving mechanism is formed by compounding 5 coils, namely a main coil M and A, B, C, D four auxiliary coils, wherein A, B, C and D are respectively combined into an AB coil and a CD coil; the AB coils are positioned at the front side and the rear side of the main coil M, and the CD coils are positioned at the left side and the right side of the main coil M.
The main coil M is a square coil, the side length of the square coil is equal to the width L of a single coil of the primary side 8-shaped coil, and the square coil is formed by winding a litz wire; A. b, C, D the four auxiliary coils are equal in size; the auxiliary coil A and the auxiliary coil B are formed by winding one litz wire, the auxiliary coil A winds clockwise, the auxiliary coil B winds anticlockwise, and the two auxiliary coils are connected in series; the auxiliary coil C and the auxiliary coil D are formed by winding a litz wire, the auxiliary coil C winds clockwise, the auxiliary coil D winds anticlockwise, and the two coils are connected in series.
The auxiliary coil is rectangular, the length of one side is equal to that of the main coil M, and the length of the other side is half of that of the main coil M; the main coil M, the auxiliary coil AB and the CD coil are not directly connected in structure, are connected in series after independent compensation and rectification and are connected with a load.
The manufacturing method of the electromagnetic mechanism comprises the following steps:
the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism generates a magnetic field with approximately uniform vertical components of magnetic induction intensity on the same equal-height surface in the same coil, and the directions of the magnetic fields generated by two adjacent coils are opposite;
the main coil M of the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism is in a composite structure with an AB coil and a CD coil of an auxiliary coil, and the effective superposition combination of a plurality of coils of the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism has the main function of different coils and the compensation function of other coils at different positions;
the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism moves in parallel in any direction on the same equal-height surface and rotates at any angle, and can receive approximately equal magnetic flux in an interlaced magnetic field generated by the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism.
The electromagnetic mechanism manufacturing method comprises the following specific steps:
step (1), determining the width W of a coil in an 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism according to the actual situation of a charging area; determining the interval H between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the magnetic circuit mechanism according to the height of the automobile chassis, and calculating the coil length L required by a magnetic field with approximately uniform vertical components of magnetic induction intensity at the height H plane above the 8-shaped primary emitting mechanism according to the two parameters;
step (2), determining the side length L of a main coil M in a cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism according to the coil length L of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism designed in the step (1), wherein L is L; determining the sizes of A, B, C, D four auxiliary coils in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism according to the side length l of the main coil M in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism, wherein the side length of each auxiliary coil is l and l/2 respectively;
step (3), winding the number of turns of the primary side coil of the upper 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism to establish N1Of turn-8-shaped primary side emitting mechanismsSelf-inductance and internal resistance expressions; according to an actual circuit topological structure and in combination with the rated output power grade requirement of a system, an expression of the efficiency of a coil mechanism is established based on an alternating current impedance analysis method, and the relation between the system efficiency and the internal resistance under the full load condition is analyzed to obtain the efficiency and the number of turns N1The corresponding number of turns is the optimal primary side number of turns when the efficiency is highest;
step (4), according to optimized coil parameters, primary current and frequency parameters and rated output power grade requirements of the system of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism, mutual inductance values between the primary side coil and the secondary side coil and output current grades of the secondary side coil are calculated, the wire diameter of the litz wire required by the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is selected, and the number of turns N of the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is obtained by means of Maxwell simulation2And the number of turns of the main coil M and the auxiliary coil in the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism is equal.
The magnetic circuit mechanism comprises an 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism and a cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism, wherein the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is wound into a grid-shaped coil structure by adopting an 8-shaped staggered winding method, a magnetic field with approximately uniform vertical components of magnetic induction intensity is generated on the same equal-height surface in a certain height above the same grid-shaped coil, and the magnetic fields generated by two adjacent grid-shaped coils are equal in size and opposite in direction; the crossed secondary receiving mechanism adopts a composite structure of 1 main coil and 4 auxiliary coils, based on a magnetic field superposition principle, when the crossed secondary receiving mechanism is positioned at different positions at a certain height above an 8-shaped primary emitting mechanism, different coils play a main role and other coils play an auxiliary role through the cooperation between the 1 main coil and the 4 auxiliary coils, and magnetic circuit coupling structures and parameters are optimally designed, so that the crossed secondary receiving mechanism can receive approximately equal magnetic flux in a staggered magnetic field generated by the 8-shaped primary emitting mechanism under the certain height above the 8-shaped primary emitting mechanism and can move in parallel and rotate at any angle in any direction on the same equal height surface, and an electric vehicle can pick up approximately same energy at any parking position and any parking direction in a charging area, a stable and constant transmission power efficiency is obtained.
An 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism and a cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism are designed, the secondary side receiving mechanism is a cross-shaped pickup mechanism which is formed by 1 primary coil and 2 pairs of auxiliary coils, and the purpose is to ensure that the effective area of a magnetic field received by the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is kept unchanged when the magnetic field moves randomly in the horizontal direction under the same horizontal height within the area range of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism so as to achieve the purpose that the mutual inductance of the original secondary side coil is unchanged, and further ensure the high-efficiency high-stability wireless charging of the electric automobile.
The problems that when the electric automobile is statically and wirelessly charged, the parking position is not accurate, so that the transmission power of the system is reduced and the transmission efficiency is reduced are solved; the electric automobile can pick up approximately the same energy at any parking position and any parking direction in a charging area, and the efficient and stable charging of the wireless charging system of the electric automobile is ensured. The purpose of the invention is achieved.
The advantages are that: the invention has the advantages of no cable outside the device, charging immediately after stopping, convenience and rapidness, no plugging and pulling, no mechanical contact, no external exposed metal, safety and reliability, no influence from severe weather and strong applicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a model diagram of a magnetic circuit mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 2(a) is a schematic size diagram of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 2(b) is a schematic size diagram of a "cross" shaped secondary side receiving mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a winding mode of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the magnetic field distribution of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism of the invention.
Fig. 5(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a main coil winding manner of the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 5(b) is a structural diagram of the winding mode of the auxiliary coil of the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing several specific relative positions of the primary and secondary coils of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the relative positions of the primary and secondary coils of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a possible specific relative position of the primary and secondary windings when only one pair of secondary windings is present according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the primary and secondary coils when they are rotated.
Fig. 10 is a diagram of a compensation topology employed by the magnetic circuit mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the variation of the mutual inductance between the primary and secondary coils of the present invention with the vertical offset.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the variation of the mutual inductance between the primary and secondary coils with the rotation angle.
The device comprises a primary side transmitting mechanism 1 in a shape of '8', a secondary side receiving mechanism 2 in a shape of 'ten', a main coil M, a main coil 4 and an auxiliary coil.
Detailed Description
The invention comprises an electromagnetic mechanism of a wireless charging system and a manufacturing method of the electromagnetic mechanism;
the magnetic circuit mechanism that wirelessly charges includes: the device comprises an 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism 1 and a cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism 2; the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism 2 is positioned at the position 1 in the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism;
the main coil M and the auxiliary coils 4AB and CD in the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism 2 are not directly connected in structure, are connected in series after independent compensation and rectification and are connected with a load; the mutual inductance between the main coil M and the auxiliary coil 4AB in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is zero, and the mutual inductance between the main coil M3 and the auxiliary coil CD in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is zero.
The 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism 1 is characterized in that a plurality of coils are formed by winding a litz wire, the coils are wound in an 8-shaped writing mode, S-shaped forward winding wires are wound in a crossed and reverse mode, and finally the coils are wound into a grid-shaped coil structure; the width of a coil in the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is W, and the length of a single coil is L; mutual inductance is effectively avoided among a plurality of coils wound by a plurality of litz wires, the vertical components of the magnetic induction intensity generated on the same equal-height surface in the same coil are approximately uniform, and the directions of magnetic fields generated by two adjacent coils are opposite.
The crossed secondary side receiving mechanism 2 is formed by compounding 5 coils, namely a main coil M and A, B, C, D four auxiliary coils, wherein A, B, C and D are respectively combined into an AB coil and a CD coil; the AB coils are positioned at the front side and the rear side of the main coil M, and the CD coils are positioned at the left side and the right side of the main coil M.
The main coil M is a square coil, the side length of the square coil is equal to the width L of a single coil of the primary side 8-shaped coil, and the square coil is formed by winding a litz wire; A. b, C, D the four auxiliary coils are equal in size; the auxiliary coil A and the auxiliary coil B are formed by winding one litz wire, the auxiliary coil A winds clockwise, the auxiliary coil B winds anticlockwise, and the two auxiliary coils are connected in series; the auxiliary coil C and the auxiliary coil D are formed by winding a litz wire, the auxiliary coil C winds clockwise, the auxiliary coil D winds anticlockwise, and the two coils are connected in series.
The auxiliary coil is rectangular, the length of one side is equal to that of the main coil M, and the length of the other side is half of that of the main coil M; the main coil M, the auxiliary coil AB and the CD coil are not directly connected in structure, are connected in series after independent compensation and rectification and are connected with a load.
The manufacturing method of the electromagnetic mechanism comprises the following steps:
the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism generates a magnetic field with approximately uniform vertical components of magnetic induction intensity on the same equal-height surface in the same coil, and the directions of the magnetic fields generated by two adjacent coils are opposite;
the main coil M of the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism is in a composite structure with an AB coil and a CD coil of an auxiliary coil, and the effective superposition combination of a plurality of coils of the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism has the main function of different coils and the compensation function of other coils at different positions;
the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism moves in parallel in any direction on the same equal-height surface and rotates at any angle, and can receive approximately equal magnetic flux in an interlaced magnetic field generated by the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism.
The electromagnetic mechanism manufacturing method comprises the following specific steps:
step (1), determining the width W of a coil in an 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism according to the actual situation of a charging area; determining the interval H between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the magnetic circuit mechanism according to the height of the automobile chassis, and calculating the coil length L required by a magnetic field with approximately uniform vertical components of magnetic induction intensity at the height H plane above the 8-shaped primary emitting mechanism according to the two parameters;
step (2), determining the side length L of a main coil M in a cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism according to the coil length L of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism designed in the step (1), wherein L is L; determining the sizes of A, B, C, D four auxiliary coils in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism according to the side length l of the main coil M in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism, wherein the side length of each auxiliary coil is l and l/2 respectively;
step (3), winding the number of turns of the primary side coil of the upper 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism to establish N1Self-inductance and internal resistance expressions of the turn 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism; according to an actual circuit topological structure and in combination with the rated output power grade requirement of a system, an expression of the efficiency of a coil mechanism is established based on an alternating current impedance analysis method, and the relation between the system efficiency and the internal resistance under the full load condition is analyzed to obtain the efficiency and the number of turns N1The corresponding number of turns is the optimal primary side number of turns when the efficiency is highest;
step (4), according to optimized coil parameters, primary current and frequency parameters and rated output power grade requirements of the system of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism, mutual inductance values between the primary side coil and the secondary side coil and output current grades of the secondary side coil are calculated, the wire diameter of the litz wire required by the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is selected, and the number of turns N of the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is obtained by means of Maxwell simulation2And the number of turns of the main coil M and the auxiliary coil in the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism is equal.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly and clearly apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The magnetic circuit mechanism applied to static wireless charging of the electric automobile in the embodiment comprises: an 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism and a cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism are shown in figure 1.
The schematic diagram of the size of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism and the size of the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is shown in FIG. 2;
the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism adopts an 8-shaped writing winding mode, the specific winding mode is shown in figure 3, and the generated magnetic field distribution schematic diagram is shown in figure 4.
The schematic diagram of the coil position in the secondary side power receiving coil is shown in fig. 2(b), the winding manner of the main coil is shown in fig. 5(a), and the winding manner of the auxiliary coil is shown in fig. 5 (b).
According to the actual condition of a charging area, the width W of a coil in the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is determined, the interval H between an original side coil and a secondary side coil of the magnetic circuit mechanism is determined according to the height of the ground of the automobile, and then the length L of the coil required by a magnetic field with approximately uniform vertical components of magnetic induction intensity generated at the height H plane above the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is calculated according to the two parameters. And determining the side length L of the main coil in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism according to the designed coil length L of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism, wherein L is L. And determining the size of a secondary coil in the crossed secondary receiving mechanism according to the side length l of the primary coil in the crossed secondary receiving mechanism, wherein the side lengths are l and l/2 respectively.
The cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is formed by compounding a plurality of coils, different coils play a main role at different positions, other coils play a compensation role, so that the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism can move in parallel in any direction and rotate at any angle on the same equal altitude surface, and can receive approximately equal magnetic flux in a staggered magnetic field generated by the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism.
As shown in fig. 6, when the main coil is completely located in the magnetic field strength in one direction, the auxiliary coils are located in different coils in the same magnetic field direction, and since the winding directions of the two auxiliary coils are opposite, the effective area received by the auxiliary coils is 0; when the main coil is just positioned between the two magnetic fields, the magnetic fields received by the main coil are just offset, the effective area received by the main coil is 0, and the effective area of the whole magnetic field is completely provided by the auxiliary coil. As shown in fig. 7, when the main coil is located in two magnetic field directions, the two auxiliary coils are located in different magnetic field directions, and since the winding directions of the two auxiliary coils are opposite, the effective areas of the received magnetic fields are in a superposition relationship, the effective areas of the main coil in different magnetic fields are exactly offset, and the effective mask received by the whole coil is ensured to be constant all the time.
The main coil and the two pairs of auxiliary coils at the receiving end are once recorded as coils 1, 2, and 3, and then the total effective area of the receiving end can be expressed as: s ═ S1+S2+S3. When the main coil is fully within one direction of magnetic field strength, S is shown in FIG. 71＝wl,S2＝0,S3＝0,S＝S1+S2+S3Wl; when the main coil is just between two magnetic fields and the auxiliary coil is in different magnetic field directions, S1＝0,S2＝2·w·l2＝wl,S3＝0,S＝S1+S2+S3Wl; when the main coil is just above the two magnetic fields, but not in the middle position, the offset distance is recorded as x, S1＝w·(l-x)-w·x＝w(l-2x)，S2＝w·l/2+w·x-w·(l/2-x)＝2wx，S3＝0，S＝S1+S2+S3＝wl。
If there is only one pair of auxiliary coils on the side, as shown in fig. 8, when the primary side transmitting mechanism rotates 90 degrees, and there is horizontal movement in the primary side transmitting mechanism, the magnetic fluxes received by the two auxiliary coils are equal, and because the winding modes of the two auxiliary coils are opposite, that is, the magnetic fluxes are offset to 0, the main coil will not be compensated.
As shown in fig. 9, when the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism rotates relative to the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism, both pairs of auxiliary coils can receive magnetic flux, but not all the pairs are used for compensation, and the one of the two pairs of auxiliary coils which receives the larger magnetic flux is used for compensation of the main coil, and the other pair of auxiliary coils does not work.
The magnetic circuit mechanism adopts LCL-S topological compensation, and the structural diagram of the topological compensation is shown in figure 10. The 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism adopts LCL topological compensation, the primary side realizes constant current output, and the constant current output by the primary side is recorded as IP(ii) a After three groups of coils in the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism adopt S-shaped topological compensation and rectification, the high rectified voltage in the two pairs of auxiliary coils is output in series with the rectified voltage of the main coil, and constant voltage output can be realized. The principle is as follows:
US1＝jωM1IP，US2＝jωM2IP，US3＝jωM3IP；
UO1＝k·US1，UO2＝k·US2，UO3＝k·US3；
UO＝UO1+UO2(UO3)＝k·US1+k·US2(US3)＝k·jωIP·(M1+M2(M3))
the magnetic circuit mechanism realizes the mutual inductance of the main coil in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism and the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism, adds the mutual inductance of the auxiliary coil in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism and the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism to maintain stability, further realizes the constant voltage output of a load end, and picks up the same power at any parking position and any parking direction in a charging area.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, the magnetic circuit mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes an 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism and a cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism. The width W of a coil in the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is determined to be 350cm according to actual conditions, the interval H between an original secondary side coil and an auxiliary side coil of the magnetic circuit mechanism is determined to be 15cm according to the height of the automobile chassis, and the length L of the coil required by a magnetic field which can generate approximately uniform vertical components of magnetic induction intensity at the position of the 15cm plane above the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is calculated to be 70cm according to the two parameters. And determining the side length L of the main coil in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism to be 70cm according to the designed coil length L of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism. And then according to the parameters of the figure 2 and the side length l of the main coil in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism, determining that the size of the secondary side coil in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is 70cm multiplied by 35 cm.
Table 1 shows the mutual inductance values (absolute values of mutual inductance values) of the primary side transmitting coil, the secondary side main coil, the auxiliary coil, and the secondary side combined coil when the secondary side coil moves in the horizontal direction relative to the primary side coil in the magnetic circuit mechanism according to the embodiment. According to data calculation, when the secondary coil moves in the horizontal direction relative to the primary coil in the magnetic circuit mechanism, the mutual inductance value changes to +/-0.75%.
Table 2 shows the mutual inductance values (absolute values of the mutual inductance values) of the primary side transmitting coil, the secondary side main coil, the auxiliary coil, and the secondary side combined coil when the secondary side coil is shifted in the vertical direction with respect to the primary side coil in the magnetic circuit mechanism according to the example. According to data calculation, when the secondary coil moves in the vertical direction relative to the primary coil in the magnetic circuit mechanism, the mutual inductance value changes to +/-7.16%.
Table 3 shows the mutual inductance values (absolute values of the mutual inductance values) of the primary side transmitting coil, the secondary side main coil, the auxiliary coil, and the secondary side combined coil when the secondary side coil rotates relative to the primary side coil in the magnetic circuit mechanism according to the embodiment. The data bolded in the table is the larger mutual inductance value of the two pairs of auxiliary coils, namely the auxiliary coil pair selected to be superposed with the main coil. According to data calculation, the mutual inductance value of the secondary coil in the magnetic circuit mechanism is changed to +/-2.06% when the secondary coil rotates relative to the primary coil.
As shown in fig. 10, a change in the mutual inductance when the secondary coil is vertically offset from the primary coil is shown in a curved line, where M1 represents the mutual inductance of the primary coil and the secondary coil, M2 represents the mutual inductance of the auxiliary coil of the primary coil and the secondary coil, and M represents the mutual inductance of the primary coil and the secondary coil.
As shown in fig. 11, the change of the mutual inductance value when the secondary coil rotates relative to the primary coil is shown in a curved form, M1 represents the mutual inductance of the primary coil and the secondary coil, M2 represents the mutual inductance of the auxiliary coil of the primary coil and the secondary coil, where M2 is not the mutual inductance value of a certain pair of auxiliary coils, but is the larger mutual inductance value of two pairs of auxiliary coils, and M represents the mutual inductance of the primary coil and the secondary coil.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an electric automobile wireless charging system electromagnetic mechanism, characterized by: the electromagnetic mechanism that wirelessly charges includes: the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism and the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism are arranged on the base; the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is positioned in the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism;
the main coil M and the auxiliary coils AB and CD in the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism are not directly connected on the structure, are connected in series after independent compensation and rectification and are connected with a load; mutual inductance between the main coil M and the auxiliary coil AB in the crossed auxiliary side receiving mechanism is zero, and mutual inductance between the main coil M and the auxiliary coil CD in the crossed auxiliary side receiving mechanism is zero;
the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is characterized in that a plurality of coils are formed by winding a litz wire, the coils are wound in an 8-shaped writing mode, S-shaped forward winding wires are wound in a crossed and reverse mode, and finally the coils are wound into a grid-shaped coil structure; the width of a coil in the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism is W, and the length of a single coil is L; mutual inductance is effectively avoided among a plurality of coils wound by a plurality of litz wires, the vertical components of the magnetic induction intensity generated on the same equal-height surface in the same coil are approximately uniform, and the directions of magnetic fields generated by two adjacent coils are opposite.
2. The electromagnetic mechanism of the wireless charging system of the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism is formed by compounding 5 coils, namely a main coil M and A, B, C, D four auxiliary coils, wherein A, B, C and D are respectively combined into an AB coil and a CD coil; the AB coils are positioned at the front side and the rear side of the main coil M, and the CD coils are positioned at the left side and the right side of the main coil M.
3. The electromagnetic mechanism of the wireless charging system of the electric automobile according to claim 2, characterized in that: the main coil M is a square coil, the length of the side of the main coil M is equal to the length of a single coil of the primary side 8-shaped coil, and the main coil M is formed by winding a litz wire; A. b, C, D the four auxiliary coils are equal in size; the auxiliary coil A and the auxiliary coil B are formed by winding one litz wire, the auxiliary coil A winds clockwise, the auxiliary coil B winds anticlockwise, and the two auxiliary coils are connected in series; the auxiliary coil C and the auxiliary coil D are formed by winding a litz wire, the auxiliary coil C winds clockwise, the auxiliary coil D winds anticlockwise, and the two coils are connected in series.
4. The electromagnetic mechanism of the wireless charging system of the electric automobile according to claim 2, characterized in that: the auxiliary coil is rectangular, the length of one side is equal to that of the main coil M, and the length of the other side is half of that of the main coil M; the main coil M, the auxiliary coil AB and the CD coil are not directly connected in structure, are connected in series after independent compensation and rectification and are connected with a load.
5. The implementation method of the electromagnetic mechanism of the wireless charging system of the electric automobile of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the manufacturing method of the electromagnetic mechanism comprises the following steps:
the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism generates a magnetic field with approximately uniform vertical components of magnetic induction intensity on the same equal-height surface in the same coil, and the directions of the magnetic fields generated by two adjacent coils are opposite;
the main coil M of the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism is in a composite structure with an AB coil and a CD coil of an auxiliary coil, and the effective superposition combination of a plurality of coils of the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism has the main function of different coils and the compensation function of other coils at different positions;
the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism moves in parallel in any direction on the same equal-height surface and rotates at any angle, and can receive approximately equal magnetic flux in an interlaced magnetic field generated by the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism.
6. The manufacturing method of the electromagnetic mechanism of the wireless charging system of the electric automobile according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the electromagnetic mechanism manufacturing method comprises the following specific steps:
step (1), determining the width W of a coil in an 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism according to the actual situation of a charging area; determining the interval H between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the magnetic circuit mechanism according to the height of the automobile chassis, and calculating the coil length L required by a magnetic field with approximately uniform vertical components of magnetic induction intensity at the height H plane above the 8-shaped primary emitting mechanism according to the two parameters;
step (2), determining the side length L of a main coil M in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism according to the coil length L of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism designed in the step (1), wherein L = L; determining the sizes of A, B, C, D four auxiliary coils in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism according to the side length l of the main coil M in the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism, wherein the side length of each auxiliary coil is l and l/2 respectively;
step (3), winding the number of turns of the primary side coil of the upper 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism to establish N1Self-inductance and internal resistance expressions of the turn 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism; according to an actual circuit topological structure and in combination with the rated output power grade requirement of a system, an expression of the efficiency of a coil mechanism is established based on an alternating current impedance analysis method, and the relation between the system efficiency and the internal resistance under the full load condition is analyzed to obtain the efficiency and the number of turns N1The corresponding number of turns is the optimal primary side number of turns when the efficiency is highest;
step (4), according to optimized coil parameters, primary current and frequency parameters and rated output power grade requirements of the system of the 8-shaped primary side transmitting mechanism, mutual inductance values between the primary side coil and the secondary side coil and output current grades of the secondary side coil are calculated, the wire diameter of the litz wire required by the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is selected, and the number of turns N of the cross-shaped secondary side receiving mechanism is obtained by means of Maxwell simulation2And the number of turns of the main coil M and the auxiliary coil in the crossed secondary side receiving mechanism is equal.
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Effective date of registration: 20220901 Address after: No. 68, Qiaogang Road, Haian Industrial Park, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, 226000 Patentee after: NANTONG HUAWEI POWER EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Address before: 221116 Research Institute of China University of Mining and Technology, 1 University Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Patentee before: CHINA University OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY |