CN109809926A - A kind of Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon, the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn and its application - Google Patents
A kind of Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon, the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn and its application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon, the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn and its applications, belong to technical field of fertilizers.Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon, which includes the following steps, to be prepared: biomass material ground-slag is mixed with calcium chloride, iron chloride and graphene oxide, mixed material is successively carbonized at 100~120 DEG C and carbonizes 4~6h at 1~2h and 500~600 DEG C, carbonizing production is carried out to be washed to neutrality, obtains modified biomass charcoal.The dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn, the component including following parts by weight: 3~7 parts of 15~20 parts of modified biomass charcoal, 5~8 parts of nitrolim, 35~40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20~30 parts of sylvite, 6~9 parts of plant ash, 5~10 parts of bentonite, 1~5 part of calcium sulfate and the decomposed object of bacteria residue.The slow-release fertilizer of offer of the invention, non-breakable, fertilizer efficiency extends, and is applied to during corn planting, and 5% or more volume increase can also improve soil texture simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon, corn and
It is applied.
Background technique
Grand nutrition element nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in soil generally can not meet the needs of plant growth, need to apply it is nitrogenous,
Phosphorus, potassium chemical fertilizer supply.Common chemical fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, micro- fertilizer, compound fertilizer etc., has ingredient simple,
Nutrient content is high, and fertilizer efficiency is fast, the violent feature of fertile strength, but certain fertilizer have acid-base reaction, while being generally free of organic matter, and nothing changes
The effect of earth culture fertilizer.
For the nitrogenous fertilizer of conventional chemical fertilizers due to the influence of the factors such as volatilization, leaching loss and soil fixing, utilization rate is not high always,
Nitrogenous fertilizer this season utilization rate only has 30%~40%, and phosphate fertilizer this season utilization rate only has 10%~20% or so；Microelement utilization rate
It is lower, and apply this season and be difficult to play one's part to the full.Utilization rate of fertilizer is not high, not only influences increasing crop yield and increases matter, reduces warp
Ji benefit, it is also possible to cause a series of ecological environment problem.
There is the features such as pollution-free, high intake, renewable using the biomass carbon that biomass is prepared as raw material, it has also become most
One of potential new material.Biomass carbon has flourishing pore structure, huge specific surface area and biggish absorption
Power, this makes biomass carbon have wide practical use in agricultural environment field.But corn special bio in the prior art
Matter charcoal base manure is not easily molded, be easy damaged and nutrient and biomass carbon adsorbs loosely, and the short defect of fertilizer efficiency is easy to make biomass
Charcoal base manure cannot play the role of synergy of losing weight.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbons, the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn
And its application, the Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon have stronger adsorption capacity, the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of the corn being prepared
Synergy etc. of losing weight has a variety of good actions.
A kind of Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon provided by the invention, includes the following steps and is prepared:
1) biomass material ground-slag is mixed with calcium chloride, iron chloride and graphene oxide, obtains mixed material；
2) mixed material is successively carbonized at 100~120 DEG C and carbonizes 4~6h at 1~2h and 500~600 DEG C, obtained
Modification biological charcoal first product；
3) it carries out the modification biological charcoal first product to be washed to neutrality, obtains modified biomass charcoal.
Preferably, the quality of calcium chloride described in step 1) accounts for the 0.5%~1.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality；
The quality of the iron chloride accounts for the 0.5%~1.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality；
The quality of the graphene oxide accounts for the 1%~2% of biomass material ground-slag quality.
Preferably, mixed material described in step 2) successively carbonizes at 1.5h and 550 DEG C at 110 DEG C and carbonizes 5h.
The present invention provides a kind of dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn, the component including following parts by weight: the modification biological
15~20 parts of matter charcoal, 5~8 parts of nitrolim, 35~40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20~30 parts of sylvite, 6~9 parts of plant ash, bentonite
3~7 parts of 5~10 parts, 1~5 part of calcium sulfate and the decomposed object of bacteria residue.
Preferably, the preparation method of the decomposed object of the bacteria residue, comprising the following steps:
A. after being inoculated with the compost fermentation agent of EM bacterium to bacteria residue raw material, water content is adjusted to 60%~70%, obtains pre- wet feed；
B. the pre- wet feed is built into heap 10~18d of fermentation, every 2~4d turning 1 time obtains tunning；
C. the tunning is stood into 15d, obtains the decomposed fertilizer of bacteria residue.
Preferably, the bacteria residue comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15~30 parts of oyster mushroom bacteria residue, 10~15 parts of agaric bacteria residue, 10~20 parts of chicken leg bacteria residue, button mushroom dregs 10~20
Part, corn stover 10~15 and 15~20 parts of peanut shell powder.
Preferably, the inoculum concentration of the EM bacterium compost fermentation agent is 5~10%.
Preferably, 18 parts of the modified biomass charcoal, 7 parts of nitrolim, 38 parts of calcium superphosphate, 25 parts of sylvite, plant ash 8
Part, 8 parts of bentonite, 3 parts of calcium sulfate and 5 parts of the decomposed object of bacteria residue.
The present invention provides application of the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of the corn in crop planting.
Preferably, during the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of the corn is manured into soil as base manure, the dedicated carbon-base slow release of corn
The amount of application of fertilizer is 55~65kg/ mus.
A kind of Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon provided by the invention, using Ca, Fe and graphene oxide to biomass material into
Row is modified, and is then carbonized at 100~120 DEG C and is carbonized 4~6h at 1~2h and 500~600 DEG C, due to Ca, Fe and graphite oxide
The modification of alkene, which makes charcoal form loose porous biological carbon structure in sintering procedure, ensure that adsorption capacity to nutrient, simultaneously
The charcoal fired is set to have preferable hardness, stable structure under step high temperature.The modified biomass charcoal of preparation is in micro- alkali simultaneously
Property, there is stability organic matter abundant, also provide nutrient for slow-release fertilizer.
The dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn provided by the invention is alkalescence, loose porous and carbonaceous rich in organic matter mixes
Object prevents chemical fertilizer nutrient using charcoal stability abundant and to the strong suction renaturation and soil structure improved addictive characteristic of nutrient
Be lost, the chemical fertilizer nutrient of added a certain amount of bentonite and quantitative proportioning (nitrolim, calcium superphosphate, sylvite, plant ash and
Calcium sulfate), special organic inorganic multivariate fertilizer material is made, guarantees fertilizer slow release in the soil, has reached reasonable and has utilized fertilizer
Purpose.The slow-release fertilizer is that, simultaneously containing organic and inorganic bioactivity substance, have using biomass carbon as carrier and promote nitrogen
The biology week of the nutrients such as element transfers to improve the soil conservation of chemical fertilizer nutrient and crop absorbs, and improves soil texture, improves soil moisture in the soil
A variety of good actions such as feelings and promotion crop root growth.The nutriment needed in the decomposed object of bacteria residue containing plant simultaneously,
In remaining mycelium some enzymes can be secreted in growth and development process, play the role of activating soil.In addition, organic fertilizer contains
A large amount of humus has certain complexing power to heavy metal, can prevent the heavy metal pollution of crop, further prevents weight
Transfer ability of the metal to topsoil.
The dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn of the invention, has the advantages that
1. the dedicated modified biomass carbon base of the corn of offer of the invention, similar with early stage relative to traditional compound fertilizer
Charcoal base manure has done abundant improvement on its water-soluble (slow release) and pellet hardness.The present invention selects bentonite and calcium sulfate total
With binder is used as, organic principle is free of, influence of the organic substance residues to soil is avoided；The particular adhesive of selection may make
Fertilizer has good bond effect in granulation process, improves the combination of biomass carbon and other nutrient chemicals, thus
The reasonable release that can be effectively controlled nutrient in application, plays the role of efficiency slow release；Good moulding effect also makes simultaneously
It obtains fertilizer granulating to work well, reduces the waste that fertilizer generates in transport and application by crushing, meanwhile, it avoids due to fertilizer
Feed powder is broken and causes nutrient in fertilizer cannot be it is anticipated that release, the problem of fertilizer efficiency shortens.
2. the corn dedicated biomass charcoal base manure of offer of the invention, non-breakable, fertilizer efficiency extends, and is applied to corn planting
In the process, the corn particle of harvest is full, 5% or more volume increase.
3. the preparation method of corn dedicated biomass charcoal base manure provided by the invention, granulation process has both physics and chemistry is double
It reacts again, under the reaction condition of high-temperature steam, the nitrogen phosphorus key and charcoal of the amido bond of nitrolim and calcium superphosphate in charcoal base manure
Group in conjunction with and change chemical shift, nutrient is mutually linked with charcoal frame, between raw material combine it is closer, to extend fertilizer efficiency.This hair
The preparation method of the corn dedicated biomass charcoal base manure of bright offer, drying temperature is higher, and drying time is shorter, is more suitable for advising greatly
Mould the factorial production.
Specific embodiment
A kind of Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon provided by the invention, includes the following steps and is prepared:
1) biomass material ground-slag is mixed with calcium chloride, iron chloride and graphene oxide, obtains mixed material；
2) mixed material is successively carbonized at 100~120 DEG C and carbonizes 4~6h at 1~2h and 500~600 DEG C, obtained
Modification biological charcoal first product；
3) it carries out the modification biological charcoal first product to be washed to neutrality, obtains modified biomass charcoal.
The present invention mixes biomass material ground-slag with calcium chloride, iron chloride and graphene oxide, obtains mixed material.
In the present invention, biomass material is preferably passed through removal impurity, crushing, sieving by the biomass material ground-slag,
Screenings is collected to obtain.It is described to go deimpurity method preferably using washing.The number of the washing is preferably 3~4 times.It is described
It preferably includes to dry after washing.The temperature of the drying is preferably 70~80 DEG C, and more preferably 75 DEG C.The sieving sieve
Aperture is preferably 80~100 mesh, more preferably 90 mesh.The biomass material preferably includes agricultural crop straw or adjunct and tree
Limb；The agricultural crop straw or adjunct include corn stover, corncob, peanut shell or wheat stalk etc..The branch bar
Including platane wood, mahogany, apricot wood or pear wood etc..
In the present invention, the quality of the calcium chloride preferably accounts for the 0.5%~1.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality, more
Preferably 1.0%；The quality of the iron chloride preferably accounts for the 0.5%~1.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality, more preferably
1%；The quality of the graphene oxide preferably accounts for the 1%~2% of biomass material ground-slag quality.
After obtaining mixed material, the present invention by the mixed material successively at 100~120 DEG C carbonize 1~2h and 500~
4~6h is carbonized at 600 DEG C, obtains modification biological charcoal first product.
In the present invention, the mixed material preferably successively carbonizes at 1.5h and 550 DEG C at 110 DEG C and carbonizes 5h.100~
First time carbonization temperature is the preheating treatment procedure of biomass raw material, second carbonization temperature at 500~600 DEG C at 120 DEG C
It handles lower biomass raw material and decomposes charing, ultimately forming has compared with multiple-void structure, and large specific surface area and property are stable
Biomass carbon.
After obtaining modification biological charcoal first product, the present invention carries out the modification biological charcoal first product to be washed to neutrality, is changed
Property biomass carbon.
In the present invention, further preferably include drying after the washing, grind, sieving.The temperature of drying is preferably 65~70
℃.The aperture of sieving mesh screen is preferably 100~120 mesh.
In the present invention, the porosity for the Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon being prepared is 50.9%~52.2%, specific surface
Product is 9.56~10.7m2/ g, average pore size are 18.9~24.3nm.And the unmodified biomass charcoal directly prepared with corncob
Porosity be 46.1%~48.3%, specific surface area be 4.68~4.92m2/ g, average pore size are 7.33~9.57nm.Show
Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon has bigger surface area and richer pore structure, is more advantageous to nutrition required in soil
The fixing of element.
The present invention provides a kind of dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn, the component including following parts by weight: the modification biological
15~20 parts of matter charcoal, 5~8 parts of nitrolim, 35~40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20~30 parts of sylvite, 6~9 parts of plant ash, bentonite
3~7 parts of 5~10 parts, 1~5 part of calcium sulfate and the decomposed object of bacteria residue.
The dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn provided by the invention includes the modified biomass charcoal of above scheme preparation.By weight
Meter, the modification biological charcoal is preferably 18 parts.The modification biological charcoal is used as carrier in slow-release fertilizer, utilizes its stronger absorption
Property the nutritional ingredients such as other organic matters and inorganic salts are adsorbed, prevention and treatment fertilizer scatter and disappear, reduce fertilizer waste, be administered to soil
In earth, slow release organic substance and inorganic salts play the purpose of lasting fertilizer.
The dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn provided by the invention includes nitrolim, calcium superphosphate, sylvite, plant ash cyanogen, sulphur
Sour calcium.By weight, the ammonification calcium is preferably 7 parts, calcium superphosphate is preferably 38 parts, and sylvite is preferably 25 parts, plant ash
Preferably 8 parts, calcium sulfate is preferably 3 parts.Said components can provide inorganic salts for plant.
The dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn provided by the invention includes bentonite.By weight, the bentonite is preferably 8
Part.The bentonite keeps fertiliser granulates stability strong as binder during subsequent granulation.
The dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn provided by the invention includes the decomposed object of bacteria residue.By weight, the bacteria residue is decomposed
Object is preferably 5 parts.In the present invention, the preparation method of the decomposed object of the bacteria residue, preferably includes following steps:
A. after being inoculated with the compost fermentation agent of EM bacterium to bacteria residue raw material, water content is adjusted to 60%~70%, obtains pre- wet feed；
B. the pre- wet feed is built into heap 10~18d of fermentation, every 2~4d turning 1 time obtains tunning；
C. the tunning is stood into 15d, obtains the decomposed fertilizer of bacteria residue.
In the present invention, the bacteria residue preferably includes the component of following parts by weight: 15~30 parts of oyster mushroom bacteria residue, agaric bacteria residue
10~15 parts, 10~20 parts of chicken leg bacteria residue, 10~20 parts of button mushroom dregs, corn stover 10~15 and peanut shell powder 15~20
Part, more preferably 20 parts of oyster mushroom bacteria residue, 12 parts of agaric bacteria residue, 15 parts of chicken leg bacteria residue, 15 parts of button mushroom dregs, 13 and of corn stover
18 parts of peanut shell powder.The inoculum concentration of the EM bacterium compost fermentation agent is preferably 5~10%, and more preferably 8%.In the present invention,
The EM bacterium compost fermentation agent is purchased from Weifang Yi Hao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.It is needed in the decomposed object of bacteria residue containing plant
Nutriment plays the role of activating soil wherein remaining mycelium can secrete some enzymes in growth and development process.Separately
Outside, organic fertilizer contains a large amount of humus, has certain complexing power to heavy metal, can prevent the heavy metal-polluted of crop
Dye further prevents transfer ability of the heavy metal to topsoil.
In the present invention, the preparation method of the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of the corn, comprising the following steps: mix said components
It closes, mixture is granulated.For the granulation process using high-temperature water vapor as reaction medium, used quantity of steam is original
Expect the 25%~30% of gross mass, controlling prilling temperature by high-temperature vapor is preferably 100~140 DEG C, more preferably 120~
130℃。
The present invention provides application of the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of the corn in crop planting.
In the present invention, during the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of the corn is manured into soil preferably as base manure, the corn is dedicated
The amount of application of charcoal slow-release fertilizer is preferably 55~65kg/ mus.The method of administration is preferably turned in upper soll layer 0~20cm depth
It ploughs, mixes the slow-release fertilizer particle with soil thoroughly.After corn planting, keeping soil moisture standard is field capacity measured value
70%~80%, the time of infertility no longer adds nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
Below with reference to embodiment to Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon provided by the invention, the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn and its
Using being described in detail, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Corn stover is removed into surface impurity by washing, 70 DEG C of drying are crushed, sieved with 100 mesh sieve, obtained corn stover
Ground-slag is mixed with calcium chloride, iron chloride and graphene oxide, and the quality of calcium chloride accounts for the 0.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality；
The quality of iron chloride accounts for the 1.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality；The quality of graphene oxide accounts for biomass material ground-slag quality
1.5%, obtain mixed material；Mixed material is successively carbonized at 100 DEG C and carbonizes 6h at 1h and 600 DEG C, obtains modification biological
Charcoal first product；It carries out modification biological charcoal first product to be washed to neutrality, obtains the modified modified biomass carbon of Ca/Fe/GO.
Comparative example 1
Corn stover is removed into surface impurity by washing, 70 DEG C of drying are crushed, sieved with 100 mesh sieve, obtained corn stover
Ground-slag successively carbonizes at 1h and 600 DEG C at 100 DEG C and carbonizes 6h, obtains charcoal first product；During charcoal first product is washed to
Property, obtain biomass carbon.
The porosity 50.9% for the Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon that embodiment 1 is prepared, specific surface area 9.56m2/ g,
Average pore size is 18.9nm.And the porosity for the unmodified biomass charcoal that comparative example 1 is directly prepared with corncob is 46.1%, than
Surface area is 4.68m2/ g, average pore size 7.33nm.Show that Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon has bigger surface area and richer
Rich pore structure, is more advantageous to the fixing to nutrient required in soil.
Embodiment 2
A kind of dedicated modified biomass carbon base of corn, the raw material including following parts by weight: Ca/Fe/ prepared by embodiment 1
GO/ biomass carbon (biomass carbon prepared using comparative example 1 is control group) 15kg, nitrolim 8kg, calcium superphosphate 35kg, sulphur
Sour potassium 30kg, plant ash 6kg, bentonite 5kg, calcium sulfate 5kg and the decomposed object 6kg of bacteria residue.
Preparation method are as follows:
(1) each component is weighed, is uniformly mixed.
(2) raw material mixed is granulated, the granulation process, as reaction medium, is made using high-temperature water vapor
Quantity of steam is the 25% of total mass of raw material, and maintaining prilling temperature by high-temperature vapor is 100 DEG C.
(3) molding biomass carbon base particle is subjected at 400 DEG C rapid draing, makes moisture content lower than 5%, after
20 meshes take fat particles diameter to be greater than 1mm, the biomass carbon base (special fertilizer) less than 4.75mm.
Field test effect:
If without fertilizer, compound fertilizer, control fertilizer and special fertilizer 4 processing, complex fertilizer is nitrolim, calcium superphosphate, sulfuric acid
Potassium, plant ash and calcium sulfate combination, complex fertilizer N:P2O5: K2O is identical as special fertilizer, and dosage is 55kg/ mus.Compare the system of fertilizer
Preparation Method is identical as special fertilizer, and difference is only that the charcoal that charcoal is prepared using comparative example 1.Each plot area is
25m2, 3 repetitions of every processing.
Field trial is carried out on the typical soil mortar black earth of Qingdao of Shandong province October in June, 2018-.
Charcoal slow-release fertilizer is applied according to 55kg/ mus of carry out bases, and is turned in upper soll layer 0~20cm depth, is made described slow
Fertile particle is released to mix thoroughly with soil.After corn planting, keeping soil moisture standard is the 70%~80% of field capacity measured value,
The time of infertility no longer additional nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.It is harvested when corn maturation, measures biomass and grain yield, and examined
Kind.Acquire each processing soil, measurement organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and effective potassium content.
1 different fertilization of table is constituted to corn yield and the influence of soil physico-chemical property
As can be seen from Table 1, the corn yield and agronomy shape between no fertilizer, compound fertilizer, control fertilizer and special fertilizer 4 processing
There were significant differences.For trying in each soil fertility quality, corn yield composition special fertilizer treatment effect is best, number of plants per unit area, strain fringe
Number, grain number per spike, mass of 1000 kernel are relatively high, illustrate the slow-release fertilizer prepared in embodiment 1 application compared to simple compound fertilizer and
Comparison fertilizer can significantly improve corn yield composition, improve corn yield.It is handled relative to without fertilizer, compound fertilizer and control fertilizer, it is dedicated
Corn yield under fertilizer processing has increased separately 12.0%, 6.16% and 3.71%.
Harvest corn period soil physico-chemical property significant difference under different fertilization, it is wherein organic under special fertilizer processing
Matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content highest.It is handled relative to without fertilizer, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium
Content has been respectively increased 10.2%, 24.2%, 31.5% and 24.4%；Relative to compound fertilizer processing, it has been respectively increased 5.85%,
9.56%, 22.1% and 13.4%；Relative to control fertilizer processing, it is respectively increased 2.36%, 5.84%, 14.4% He
6.06%.Illustrate that slow-release fertilizer of the invention can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil physical property, accelerates soil material
And energy circulation, N,P,K fertilizers utilization rate is improved, soil productivity is improved.
Embodiment 3
Corn stover is removed into surface impurity by washing, 70 DEG C of drying are crushed, sieved with 100 mesh sieve, obtained corn stover
Ground-slag is mixed with calcium chloride, iron chloride and graphene oxide, and the quality of calcium chloride accounts for the 1.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality；
The quality of iron chloride accounts for the 0.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality；The quality of graphene oxide accounts for biomass material ground-slag quality
2%, obtain mixed material；Mixed material is successively carbonized at 120 DEG C and carbonizes 4h at 2h and 500 DEG C, obtains modification biological charcoal
First product；It carries out modification biological charcoal first product to be washed to neutrality, obtains the modified modified biomass carbon of Ca/Fe/GO.
Comparative example 2
Corn stover is removed into surface impurity by washing, 70 DEG C of drying are crushed, sieved with 100 mesh sieve, obtained corn stover
Ground-slag is mixed with calcium chloride, and the quality of calcium chloride accounts for the 1.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality, obtains mixed material；It will mixing
Material successively carbonizes at 2h and 500 DEG C at 120 DEG C and carbonizes 4h, obtains modification biological charcoal first product；Modification biological charcoal first product is carried out
It is washed to neutrality, obtains Ca modified biomass charcoal.
The porosity 51.6% for the Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon that embodiment 2 is prepared, specific surface area 10.2m2/ g,
Average pore size is 22.7nm.And the porosity that Ca modified biomass charcoal is prepared in comparative example 2 is 47.6%, specific surface area is
4.79m2/ g, average pore size 8.55nm.Show that Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon has bigger surface area and richer hole
Structure is more advantageous to the fixing to nutrient required in soil.
Embodiment 4
A kind of dedicated modified biomass carbon base of corn, the raw material including following parts by weight: Ca/Fe/ prepared by embodiment 3
The modified modified biomass carbon of GO (as a control group with the modification biological charcoal of the preparation of comparative example 2) 20kg, nitrolim 5kg, crosses phosphorus
Sour calcium 40kg, potassium chloride 20kg, plant ash 8kg, bentonite 10kg, calcium sulfate 1kg and the decomposed object 5kg of slag.
Preparation method are as follows:
(1) each component is weighed, is uniformly mixed.
(2) raw material mixed is granulated, the granulation process, as reaction medium, is made using high-temperature water vapor
Quantity of steam is the 30% of total mass of raw material, and controlling prilling temperature by high-temperature vapor is 140 DEG C.
(3) molding biomass carbon base particle is subjected at 300 DEG C rapid draing, makes moisture content lower than 12%, then
20 meshes are crossed, fat particles diameter is taken to be greater than 1mm, the biomass carbon base (special fertilizer) less than 4.75mm.
Field test effect:
If without fertilizer, compound fertilizer, control fertilizer and special fertilizer 4 processing, complex fertilizer is nitrolim, calcium superphosphate, chlorination
Potassium, plant ash and calcium sulfate combination, complex fertilizer N:P2O5: K2O is identical as special fertilizer, and dosage is 65kg/ mus, and control is fertile and special
Preparation method with fertilizer is consistent, and difference is to replace the modified modified biology of Ca/Fe/GO with modification biological charcoal prepared by comparative example 2
Matter charcoal.Each plot area is 25m2, 3 repetitions of every processing.
Field trial is carried out on the typical soil mortar black earth of Qingdao of Shandong province October in June, 2018-.
Charcoal slow-release fertilizer is applied according to 65kg/ mus of carry out bases, and is turned in upper soll layer 0~20cm depth, is made described slow
Fertile particle is released to mix thoroughly with soil.After corn planting, keeping soil moisture standard is the 70%~80% of field capacity measured value,
The time of infertility no longer additional nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.It is harvested when corn maturation, measures biomass and grain yield, and examined
Kind.Acquire each processing soil, measurement organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and effective potassium content.
2 different fertilization of table is constituted to corn yield and the influence of soil physico-chemical property
As can be seen from Table 2, the corn yield and agronomy shape between no fertilizer, compound fertilizer, control fertilizer and special fertilizer 4 processing
There were significant differences.For trying in each soil fertility quality, corn yield composition special fertilizer treatment effect is best, number of plants per unit area, strain fringe
Number, grain number per spike, mass of 1000 kernel are relatively high, illustrate that sustained release prepared by embodiment 2 is applied compared to simple compound fertilizer and comparison
Fertilizer can significantly improve corn yield composition, improve corn yield.It is handled relative to without fertilizer, compound fertilizer and control fertilizer, at special fertilizer
Corn yield under reason has increased separately 10.4%, 7.43% and 4.59%.
Harvest corn period soil physico-chemical property significant difference under different fertilization, it is wherein organic under special fertilizer processing
Matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content highest.It is handled relative to without fertilizer, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium
Content has been respectively increased 12.3%, 27.0%, 38.4% and 27.9%；Relative to compound fertilizer processing, it has been respectively increased 7.35%,
8.50%, 29.8% and 13.7%；Relative to control fertilizer processing, it is respectively increased 4.78%, 5.05%, 18.0% He
6.64%.Illustrate that special fertilizer of the invention can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil physical property, accelerates soil material
And energy circulation, N,P,K fertilizers utilization rate is improved, soil productivity is improved.
Embodiment 5
Corn stover is removed into surface impurity by washing, 70 DEG C of drying are crushed, sieved with 100 mesh sieve, obtained corn stover
Ground-slag is mixed with calcium chloride, iron chloride and graphene oxide, and the quality of calcium chloride accounts for the 1.0% of biomass material ground-slag quality；
The quality of iron chloride accounts for the 1% of biomass material ground-slag quality；The quality of graphene oxide accounts for biomass material ground-slag quality
1%, obtain mixed material；Mixed material is successively carbonized at 110 DEG C and carbonizes 5h at 1.5h and 550 DEG C, obtains modification biological charcoal
First product；It carries out modification biological charcoal first product to be washed to neutrality, obtains the modified modified biomass carbon of Ca/Fe/GO.
Comparative example 3
Corn stover is removed into surface impurity by washing, 70 DEG C of drying are crushed, sieved with 100 mesh sieve, obtained corn stover
Ground-slag is mixed with calcium chloride and graphene oxide, and the quality of calcium chloride accounts for the 1.0% of biomass material ground-slag quality, graphite oxide
The quality of alkene accounts for biomass material ground-slag quality 1%, obtains mixed material；Mixed material is successively carbonized into 1.5h at 110 DEG C
5h is carbonized at 550 DEG C, obtains modification biological charcoal first product；It carries out modification biological charcoal first product to be washed to neutrality, it is modified to obtain Ca/GO
Biomass carbon.
The porosity 52.2% for the Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon that embodiment 3 is prepared, specific surface area 10.7m2/ g,
Average pore size is 24.3nm.And the porosity of Ca/GO modified biomass charcoal prepared by comparative example 3 is 48.3%, specific surface area is
4.92m2/ g, average pore size 9.57nm.Show that Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon has bigger surface area and richer hole
Structure is more advantageous to the fixing to nutrient required in soil.
Embodiment 6
A kind of dedicated modified biomass carbon base of corn, the raw material including following parts by weight: embodiment 5Ca/Fe/GO is modified
Modified biomass charcoal 17kg, nitrolim 6kg, calcium superphosphate 36kg, plant ash 7kg, potassium chloride 24kg, bentonite 6kg, sulfuric acid
The calcium 4kg and decomposed object 4kg of bacteria residue.
Preparation method are as follows:
(1) each component is weighed, is uniformly mixed.
(2) raw material mixed is granulated, the granulation process, as reaction medium, is made using high-temperature water vapor
Quantity of steam is the 28% of total mass of raw material, and controlling prilling temperature by high-temperature vapor is 120 DEG C.
(3) molding biomass carbon base particle is subjected at 350 DEG C rapid draing, makes moisture content lower than 5%, after
20 meshes take fat particles diameter to be greater than 1mm, the biomass carbon base (special fertilizer) less than 4.75mm.
Field test effect:
If without fertilizer, compound fertilizer, control fertilizer and special fertilizer 4 processing, complex fertilizer is nitrolim, calcium superphosphate, chlorination
Potassium, plant ash and calcium sulfate combination, complex fertilizer N:P2O5: K2O is identical as special fertilizer, and dosage is 60kg/ mus, and control is fertile and special
Preparation method with fertilizer is consistent, and difference is that the Ca/GO modification biological charcoal replacement Ca/Fe/GO prepared with comparative example 2 is modified modified
Biomass carbon.Each plot area is 25m2, 3 repetitions of every processing.
Field trial is carried out on the typical soil mortar black earth of Qingdao of Shandong province October in June, 2018-.
Charcoal slow-release fertilizer is applied according to 60kg/ mus of carry out bases, and is turned in upper soll layer 0~20cm depth, is made described slow
Fertile particle is released to mix thoroughly with soil.After corn planting, keeping soil moisture standard is the 70%~80% of field capacity measured value,
The time of infertility no longer additional nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.It is harvested when corn maturation, measures biomass and grain yield, and examined
Kind.Acquire each processing soil, measurement organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and effective potassium content.
3 different fertilization of table is constituted to corn yield and the influence of soil physico-chemical property
As can be seen from Table 3, the corn yield and agronomy shape between no fertilizer, compound fertilizer, control fertilizer and special fertilizer 4 processing
There were significant differences.For trying in each soil fertility quality, corn yield composition special fertilizer treatment effect is best, number of plants per unit area, strain fringe
Number, grain number per spike, mass of 1000 kernel are relatively high, illustrate slow-release fertilizer application prepared by embodiment 3 compared to simple compound fertilizer and right
Than fertilizer, corn yield composition can be significantly improved, corn yield is improved.Relative to without fertilizer, compound fertilizer and control fertilizer processing, special fertilizer
Corn yield under processing has increased separately 10.6%, 7.66% and 4.11%.
Harvest corn period soil physico-chemical property significant difference under different fertilization, it is wherein organic under special fertilizer processing
Matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content highest.It is handled relative to without fertilizer, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium
Content has been respectively increased 15.9%, 25.7%, 31.3% and 18.3%；Relative to compound fertilizer processing, it has been respectively increased 7.35%,
9.97%, 22.0% and 10.1%；Relative to control fertilizer processing, it is respectively increased 3.43%, 5.06%, 8.21% He
5.14%.Illustrate that special fertilizer of the invention can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil physical property, accelerates soil material
And energy circulation, N,P,K fertilizers utilization rate is improved, soil productivity is improved.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Ca/Fe/GO/ biomass carbon, which is characterized in that include the following steps and be prepared:
1) biomass material ground-slag is mixed with calcium chloride, iron chloride and graphene oxide, obtains mixed material；
2) mixed material is successively carbonized at 100~120 DEG C and carbonizes 4~6h at 1~2h and 500~600 DEG C, obtain modification
Charcoal first product；
3) it carries out the modification biological charcoal first product to be washed to neutrality, obtains modified biomass charcoal.
2. modified biomass charcoal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quality of calcium chloride described in step 1) accounts for biology
The 0.5%~1.5% of matter raw material ground-slag quality；
The quality of the iron chloride accounts for the 0.5%~1.5% of biomass material ground-slag quality；
The quality of the graphene oxide accounts for the 1%~2% of biomass material ground-slag quality.
3. modified biomass charcoal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that mixed material described in step 2) is successively 110
It is carbonized at DEG C at 1.5h and 550 DEG C and carbonizes 5h.
4. a kind of dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn, which is characterized in that the component including following parts by weight: claims 1 to 3 is any
One 15~20 parts of modified biomass charcoal, 5~8 parts of nitrolim, 35~40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20~30 parts of sylvite, grass
3~7 parts of 6~9 parts of wood ash, 5~10 parts of bentonite, 1~5 part of calcium sulfate and the decomposed object of bacteria residue.
5. the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the preparation side of the decomposed object of bacteria residue
Method, comprising the following steps:
A. after being inoculated with the compost fermentation agent of EM bacterium to bacteria residue raw material, water content is adjusted to 60%~70%, obtains pre- wet feed；
B. the pre- wet feed is built into heap 10~18d of fermentation, every 2~4d turning 1 time obtains tunning；
C. the tunning is stood into 15d, obtains the decomposed fertilizer of bacteria residue.
6. the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the bacteria residue includes following parts by weight
Component:
15~30 parts of oyster mushroom bacteria residue, 10~15 parts of agaric bacteria residue, 10~20 parts of chicken leg bacteria residue, 10~20 parts of button mushroom dregs, jade
Rice stalk 10~15 and 15~20 parts of peanut shell powder.
7. the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the EM bacterium compost fermentation agent connects
Kind amount is 5~10%.
8. the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn according to claim 4, which is characterized in that 18 parts of the modified biomass charcoal,
7 parts of nitrolim, 38 parts of calcium superphosphate, 25 parts of sylvite, 8 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of bentonite, 3 parts of calcium sulfate and the decomposed object 5 of bacteria residue
Part.
9. application of the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn described in claim 4~8 any one in crop planting.
10. applying according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn applies soil as base manure
In earth, the amount of application of the dedicated charcoal slow-release fertilizer of corn is 55~65kg/ mus.
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| CN110305674A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-08 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of modification biological charcoal, soil-repairing agent and its preparation method and application |
| CN110330979A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-15 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of modification biological charcoal, modification biological charcoal, composite material and soil-repairing agent |
| CN111302868A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-06-19 | 广州市博仕奥生化技术研究有限公司 | Compound fertilizer containing gamma-polyglutamic acid and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110305674A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-08 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of modification biological charcoal, soil-repairing agent and its preparation method and application |
| CN110330979A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-15 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of modification biological charcoal, modification biological charcoal, composite material and soil-repairing agent |
| CN110305674B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-03-02 | 青岛农业大学 | Modified biochar, soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111302868A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-06-19 | 广州市博仕奥生化技术研究有限公司 | Compound fertilizer containing gamma-polyglutamic acid and preparation method thereof |
| CN114082771A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-25 | 山东农业大学 | Safe cultivation method for weakly alkaline cadmium-polluted soil |
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Application publication date: 20190528 |