CN109799525A - Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method and device - Google Patents
Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method and device.The method is obtained the pulse signal of radioactive substance by semiconductor and scintillator crystals detector first;This signal is filtered again, is amplified, ADC is converted to digital signal;It is then input to fpga chip, whether detection input signal reaches threshold value to determine applicable detector;Waveform input signal is counted by CPU, processing obtains current nucleic dosage rate values;Finally certain Motion is combined to obtain this detection device from information such as posture, orientation, the coordinates of same sea area different location using attitude transducer, aspect sensor, global positioning system;Isodose rate face and the gradient of nuclear pollution are obtained by calculating simulation using these information and pollution sources nucleic dosage rate values;The azimuth in accident maritime environment pollution source is finally determined by gradient direction.Methods and apparatus of the present invention can quickly determine marine radioactive pollution dosage rate and specific pollution orientation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear radiation detection technique fields, and in particular to a kind of Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate inspection
Survey method and device.
Background technique
Nuclear energy is a kind of new energy, is widely used in power domain, and the safe operation of nuclear power station can not only solve
Certainly electrical problem, additionally it is possible to promote the development of friendly environment society.But nuclear technology is a double-edged sword, nuclear power station is once
There is intense radiation content leaks situation, it will bring huge disaster to periphery ecological environment.For example, former Soviet Union Chernobyl weight
Surrounding enviroment are brought very big influence, especially by the generation of big nuclear accident, three miles of U.S. island event and Fukushima, Japan nuclear accident
The generation of Fukushima, Japan nuclear accident causes tremendous influence to marine ecology, or even influences the marine eco-environment of neighboring countries
Safety.It is mostly both at home and abroad at present seaside nuclear power station in nuclear power station that is building and being currently running, radiant matter once occurs in nuclear power station
Matter leakage will destroy the ecological environment of ocean and the personal safety as well as the property safety of nearby residents, so, timely and effectively detection radiation
Contact scar and dosage rate have important meaning to guarantee environment safety and personal safety.
The sea area range of scatter of marine radioactive pollution is wide, transfer variation is fast, duration is strong, existing detection method and dress
Set that there are ranges narrow, slow-footed disadvantage, the monitoring and warning demand not being able to satisfy under nuclear radiation detection case of emergency.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution agent
Dose rate detection method and device detect marine radioactive pollution dosage rate and specific pollution orientation in a very short period of time, solve sea
The problem that foreign radioactive pollution dosage rate quickly detects.
To achieve the above object, present invention firstly provides a kind of Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection sides
Method, comprising the following steps:
1) signal of Marine Radioactivity substance is obtained with dosage rate detector;
2) signal of step 1) is amplified into filtering removal background noise and obtains clearly waveform;
3) signal that step 2) obtains is converted to digital signal by ADC, and is examined with the fpga chip for being equipped with threshold value
Whether the amplitude for surveying input pulse signal reaches the threshold value of setting, if not reaching, controls dosage rate detector and is flashed with NaI
Body crystal counter is detected, and dosage rate detector is controlled if reaching threshold value and is detected with semiconductor detector;
4) it is counted by waveform of the CPU to step 3) digital signal, obtains the meter of the pulse signal of radionuclide
Numerical value, and handled in CPU according to above-mentioned count value and obtain nucleic dosage rate values;
5) using attitude transducer, aspect sensor, global positioning system by certain Motion, in conjunction with step 4)
Nucleic dosage rate values, the azimuth in final judgement accidents happened sea area.
Further, the dosage rate of above-mentioned Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method, the step 1) is visited
It surveys device and carries semiconductor detector and NaI scintillator crystals detector simultaneously, ocean will be detected by one of detector and put
The radiation signal of penetrating property substance is converted to pulse signal.
Further, above-mentioned Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method, before the step 2) specifically utilizes
It sets current amplifier and postposition voltage amplifier amplifies obtained pulse signal, then filtered by kalman filter method
Wave obtains the higher pulse signal waveform of signal-to-noise ratio.
Further, above-mentioned Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method, the step 4) CPU is according to pulse
Several relationships with dosage rate by being calculated current pollution sources nucleic dosage rate, and storage location information, posture information and
The information of core dosage rate waits the calculating below to data into memory.
Further, above-mentioned Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method, the step 5) are passed using posture
Sensor, aspect sensor, global positioning system pass through certain Motion, the dosage rate of real-time detection seawater radiocontamination object
Information, multiple isodose rate faces in calculating simulation accidents happened maritime environment pollution source, calculates the gradient side of the dosage rate values of pollutant
To the gradient direction of the dosage rate values of accident sea area radioactive substance is the azimuth of detection device Yu accident sea area.
Further, above-mentioned Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method, the movement that the step 5) uses
Strategy is:
A. detection device measures and records the nucleic dosage rate values of current point, then to arrive when front direction advance certain distance
Another point measures and records another point nucleic dosage rate values, compares current point and another point dosage rate difference, if absolute difference
No more than one threshold value, then it is assumed that this two o'clock is isodose rate point;
B. it repeats step A and finds three isodose rate points, fit isodose rate face, then detection device starts with newest
The normal direction in the isodose rate face of current point is advanced, and repeats preceding step, finds second isodose rate face;
C. multiple isodose rate faces are drawn out according to the digital simulation that above-mentioned step records, then calculates dosage rate
The azimuth of gradient direction, i.e. detection device and accident sea area.
Based on the above method, the present invention also provides a kind of Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection devices, should
Device includes dosage rate detector, signal pre-processing module, FPGA module and the detection device main body connected by data/address bus,
The dosage rate detector includes NaI scintillator crystals detector and semiconductor detector, and the signal pre-processing module includes
Sequentially connected amplifying circuit, filter circuit and ADC high-speed digital video camera system, the FPGA module include FPGA
Threshold value control circuit, the detection device main body include the memory being connected with CPU by data/address bus, attitude transducer, side
The pulse signal output end and letter of level sensor and global positioning system, NaI scintillator crystals detector or semiconductor detector
The connection of number preprocessing module, the digital signal output end of signal pre-processing module connects with FPGA module, and FPGA threshold value controls electric
The control signal output on road is connect with dosage rate detector, and FPGA module is connect with the memory of detection device main body again.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: methods and apparatus of the present invention uses and is adapted to low dose rate and middle high dose rate
Two kinds of detectors detect the sea area of different pollution levels respectively, expand the measurement range to pollution sources, realize wide amount
Journey detection.The present invention can real-time detection core dose rate, attitude transducer that multi-functional detection device main body is carried, side
Level sensor, global positioning system can provide nuclear accident pollution sources with respect to the position of detection device, angle, posture information, and
Utilize quick real-time calculating simulation accidents happened orientation of the maritime environment pollution source relative to detection device of these information.Analog signal is pre-
Processing method reduces the requirement to the processing speed of ADC, reduces the cost of device, and detection used by the method for the present invention
Strategy can be realized on a large scale quickly detection.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall connection relationship diagram of dosage rate detection device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the isodose rate face during Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method of the present invention, movement
Track strategy, azimuth and each position view.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clear technical solution of the present invention and its advantages, below by way of specific embodiment and correlation
The present invention is described further for attached drawing.Specific embodiments described below should not incite somebody to action just for the sake of explaining the present invention
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection device
As shown in Figure 1, the inventive system comprises four parts for passing sequentially through data/address bus connection: dosage rate detection
Device, signal pre-processing module, FPGA module and detection device main body, the dosage rate detector include that NaI scintillator crystals are visited
Device and semiconductor detector are surveyed, the signal pre-processing module includes sequentially connected amplifying circuit, filter circuit, ADC high speed
Digital information processing system, the FPGA module include FPGA threshold value control circuit, the detection device main body include with
Memory, attitude transducer, aspect sensor and the global positioning system that CPU is connected by data/address bus, NaI scintillator crystals
The pulse signal output end of detector or semiconductor detector is connect with signal pre-processing module, the number of signal pre-processing module
Signal output end is connect with FPGA module, and the control signal output of FPGA threshold value control circuit is connect with dosage rate detector,
FPGA module is connect with the memory of detection device main body again.It can be to the ocean of various concentration by the dosage rate detection device
Radiocontamination is detected with more appropriate detector respectively.
Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method
A kind of detection method of Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate, comprising the following steps:
1) signal of Marine Radioactivity substance is obtained with dosage rate detector;
2) signal of step 1) is amplified into filtering removal background noise and obtains clearly waveform;
3) signal that step 2) obtains is converted to digital signal by ADC, and is examined with the fpga chip for being equipped with threshold value
Whether the amplitude for surveying input pulse signal reaches the threshold value of setting, if not reaching, controls dosage rate detector and is flashed with NaI
Body crystal counter is detected, and dosage rate detector is controlled if reaching threshold value and is detected with semiconductor detector;
4) it is counted by waveform of the CPU to step 3) digital signal, obtains the meter of the pulse signal of radionuclide
Numerical value, and handled in CPU according to above-mentioned count value and obtain nucleic dosage rate values;
5) using attitude transducer, aspect sensor, global positioning system by certain Motion, in conjunction with step 4)
Nucleic dosage rate values, the azimuth in final judgement accidents happened sea area.
It is described in a kind of specific embodiment for realizing above-mentioned detection method using dosage rate detection device of the invention
The dosage rate detector of step 1) carries semiconductor detector and scintillator crystals detector simultaneously, will by one of detector
The radiation signal for detecting Marine Radioactivity substance is converted to pulse signal.As for use, which kind of detector is by FPGA module
FPGA threshold value control circuit carries out decision.Detection for the first time can use any detector, to signal input FPGA threshold value control electricity
According to the detector that control signal behavior is applicable behind road.
In a kind of specific embodiment, the step 2) specifically utilizes pre-current amplifier and postposition voltage amplification
Device amplifies obtained pulse signal, then filters by kalman filter method, obtains the higher pulse letter of signal-to-noise ratio
Number waveform.And digital signal is converted to by high-speed ADC.
In a kind of specific embodiment, the step 4) CPU is according to the relationship of umber of pulse and dosage rate by calculating
Obtain current pollution nucleic dosage rate values, and the information of storage location information, posture information and core dosage rate is into memory,
Wait the calculating below to data.
In a kind of specific embodiment, the step 5) is passed using the attitude transducer of detection device main body, orientation
By certain Motion, the dosage rate information of real-time detection seawater radiocontamination object calculates mould for sensor, global positioning system
The multiple isodose rate faces for drawing up accident maritime environment pollution source, calculate the gradient direction of the dosage rate values of radiation, the dosage of radiation
The gradient direction of rate value is the azimuth of detection device Yu accident maritime environment pollution source.
In a kind of specific embodiment, the Motion that the step 5) uses is:
A. detection device measures and records the nucleic dosage rate values of current point, then to arrive when front direction advance certain distance
Another point measures and records another point nucleic dosage rate values, compares current point and another point dosage rate difference, if absolute difference
No more than one threshold value, then it is assumed that this two o'clock is isodose rate point;
B. it repeats step A and finds three isodose rate points, fit isodose rate face, then detection device starts with newest
The normal direction in the isodose rate face of current point is advanced, and repeats preceding step, finds second isodose rate face;
C. multiple isodose rate faces are gone out according to the data calculating simulation that above-mentioned step records, then calculates dosage rate
The azimuth of gradient direction, i.e. detection device and accident sea area.
In detection device above-mentioned and method, the NaI scintillator crystals detector and semiconductor of Dose rate measurement device are visited
Surveying device, the radionuclide to low dose rate in seawater and middle High dose rate irradiation nucleic detect respectively, when gamma-rays enters
When being mapped on NaI detector, ray photons energy is converted into optical photon transmitting, and is converted to core pulse by photomultiplier tube
Signal.Core pulse signal finally obtains removal background noise by amplifying circuit and filter circuit in pretreatment control circuit
Amplification core pulse signal.
The pulse signal for being converted into electric signal belongs to analog signal, cannot directly be handled by CPU, utilizes ADC conversion module
Analog signal is converted to digital signal, then the threshold signal storage and shaping to FPGA setting is reached, the letter obtained at this time
Number be standard digital signal.
Digital data transmission is counted into CPU by CPU, and count value N is calculated according to umber of pulse, to obtain
The dosage rate of nucleic.In the ideal situation since the dosage rate of nucleic is proportional to nucleic umber of pulse, can indicate are as follows:
D=AN
Wherein, A is constant, and N indicates the count value of the nucleic pulse of unit time, and D is the nucleic dosage that detector measures
Rate is horizontal.It and time of measuring T-phase are closed when measuring under nonideality, can be described after constant background noise error is added
Are as follows:
D ' (T)=f (T)+η1
A current coordinate can be obtained by global positioning system, is denoted as P (x, y, z).What needs to be explained here is that P
(x, y, z) this point is the initial position of measurement, and actual position can generate an accumulative mistake because of the addition of time of measuring
Difference is denoted as η2, and it is related with the time, is the cumulative errors converted at any time, can be described as:
P ' (T, x, y, z)=P+ η2(T)
And it is found after coal addition position information, the nucleic dosage rate D ' (T) and η of different location2It is (T) also related to coordinate,
It is denoted as:
D′(x,y,z,T)
η2(x,y,z,T)
The angle that detector is rotated with horizontal axis, the longitudinal axis, vertical pivot can be obtained by attitude transducer, is denoted as Φ=(α1β1γ1)
Spherical coordinate azimuth y1=(r β is obtained with by aspect sensor1γ1) (origin of spherical coordinate is assumed to detection device and opens
Begin detection initial position, r be distance of the origin to detection device, initial point r=0, and while we neglect it x-axis oneself
The attitude angle turned, while when detection device is in sea or calculates two bit plane situations, β1=0).We need later
By coordinate information P ', the posture information Φ and spherical coordinate azimuth y of D ' (x, y, z, T) and this point record1=(r β1γ1) pass through
CPU write enters into memory.And the azimuth of detection device Yu accident sea area is finally obtained, it is denoted as y2=(r β2γ2)。
Obtain isodose rate face and the azimuth y of pollution sources2, as shown in Fig. 2, being a kind of detection device proposed by the present invention
Motion when detecting:
(1) detection device measures and records the nucleic dosage rate values of current measurement point (a point), then to advance when front direction
Distance L measures and records b point nucleic dosage rate values, compares a point and b dose point rate, if D to a bit (b point)a-DbAbsolute value
No more than one threshold value σ, then it is assumed that a point and b point are on isodose rate face.
(2) guidance of repetition (1) step finds three isodose rate points and fits isodose rate face, and then detection device starts
Advanced with the normal direction in the isodose rate face of current point, and repeat step (1), finds second isodose rate face.
(3) multiple isodose rate faces are gone out according to the data calculating simulation that above-mentioned step records, then calculates core dosage
The gradient direction y of rate3=(r β3γ3), the as azimuth y of detection device and accident maritime environment pollution source2=(r β2γ2)。
Azimuth y2=(r β2γ2) by the core dosage rate D ' (T), spatial coordinate location P ' (T, x, y, z) and appearance of nuclear pollution
State information θ=(α1β1γ1) parameters such as obtained initial azimuth are calculated, pass through the agent that memory is stored in preceding step
The relation data of dose rate D ' (x, y, z, T) and position P ' (T, x, y, z) can finally obtain the approximate spherical surface about dosage rate values
T (is regarded as a constant) by formula, in which:
D ' (x, y, z, T)=g (x, y, z, T)+η1+η2(x,y,z,T)
It is obtained after merging:
D ' (x, y, z, T)=G (x, y, z, T)
In spherical coordinate system, x=rsin θ cos θ is enabled,Z=rcos θ, θ,Corresponding to azimuthal β
And γ.
Gradient is asked to above dosage rate function, is obtained:
Wherein,Respectively indicate r, θ,Increase the unit vector in direction.Detection device is most when note last measurement
Terminal point coordinate is pn=(xn,yn,zn,Tn) turn to spherical coordinates and bring G (x, y, z, T) into and just obtained final orientation.
Wherein, η1It is a steady state value for noise error, the accuracy of dosage rate D ' (x, y, z, T) has with time of measuring
It closes, time of measuring is longer, and precision is higher.η2(T) increase for the function about time of measuring with time of measuring, cumulative errors
It will increase, time of measuring is longer, and cumulative errors are bigger, and precision is lower.Finally, acquiring pole about the local derviation of T by doing to y
Value, obtains optimal detection time T', to realize the detection of multi-functional quick high accuracy.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method, which comprises the following steps:
1) signal of Marine Radioactivity substance is obtained with dosage rate detector;
2) signal of step 1) is amplified into filtering removal background noise and obtains clearly waveform;
3) signal that step 2) obtains is converted to digital signal by ADC, and defeated with the fpga chip detection for being equipped with threshold value
Whether the amplitude for entering pulse signal reaches the threshold value of setting, if not reaching, it is brilliant to control dosage rate detector NaI scintillator
Bulk detector is detected, and dosage rate detector is controlled if reaching threshold value and is detected with semiconductor detector;
4) it is counted by waveform of the CPU to step 3) digital signal, obtains the count value of the pulse signal of radionuclide,
And it is handled in CPU according to above-mentioned count value and obtains nucleic dosage rate values;
5) using attitude transducer, aspect sensor, global positioning system by certain Motion, in conjunction with the core of step 4)
Plain dosage rate values, the azimuth in final judgement accidents happened sea area.
2. Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid dosage rate detector 1) carries semiconductor detector and scintillator crystals detector simultaneously, will be visited by one of detector
The radiation signal for measuring Marine Radioactivity substance is converted to pulse signal.
3. Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
It is rapid 2) to be amplified using the pulse signal that pre-current amplifier and postposition voltage amplifier obtain, then pass through Kalman
Filtering method filtering, obtains the higher pulse signal waveform of signal-to-noise ratio.
4. Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid 4) CPU is according to the relationship of umber of pulse and dosage rate by current pollution nucleic dosage rate values, and storage location is calculated
The information of information, posture information and core dosage rate waits the calculating below to data into memory.
5. Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
It is rapid 5) to pass through certain Motion using attitude transducer, aspect sensor, global positioning system, it is put in real-time detection seawater
The dosage rate information in radioactive pollution source, multiple isodose rate faces in calculating simulation accidents happened sea area, calculates the dosage of pollution sources
The gradient direction of rate value, the gradient direction of the dosage rate values of pollution sources are the azimuth of detection device Yu accident sea area.
6. Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection method, feature described in -5 any one according to claim 1
It is, the step 5) specifically:
A. record according to step 1) -4) the obtained nucleic dosage rate values of current point, then to work as front direction advance certain distance
To another point, another point nucleic dosage rate values are measured and recorded, compare current point and another point dosage rate difference, if difference is absolute
Value is no more than a threshold value, then it is assumed that this two o'clock is that dosage rate values are equal;
B. it repeats step A and finds three isodose rate points, fit isodose rate face, then detection device starts with newest current
The normal direction in the isodose rate face of point is advanced, and repeats preceding step, finds second isodose rate face;
C. multiple isodose rate faces are drawn out according to the digital simulation that above-mentioned step records, then calculates the ladder of dosage rate values
Spend direction, the i.e. azimuth of detection device and accident maritime environment pollution source.
7. a kind of Multifunctional marine radioactive pollution dosage rate detection device, which is characterized in that the detection device includes passing through number
According to dosage rate detector, signal pre-processing module, FPGA module and detection device main body that bus connects, the dosage rate is visited
Surveying device includes NaI scintillator crystals detector and semiconductor detector, and the signal pre-processing module includes sequentially connected puts
Big circuit, filter circuit and ADC high-speed digital video camera system, the FPGA module include FPGA threshold value control electricity
Road, the detection device main body include the memory being connected with CPU by data/address bus, attitude transducer, aspect sensor and
The pulse signal output end and Signal Pretreatment mould of global positioning system, NaI scintillator crystals detector or semiconductor detector
Block connection, the digital signal output end of signal pre-processing module are connect with FPGA module, the control letter of FPGA threshold value control circuit
Number output end is connect with dosage rate detector, and FPGA module is connect with the memory of detection device main body again.
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