CN109784098A - A kind of encryption device and its data processing method of AI accelerator - Google Patents

A kind of encryption device and its data processing method of AI accelerator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109784098A
CN109784098A CN201910064863.8A CN201910064863A CN109784098A CN 109784098 A CN109784098 A CN 109784098A CN 201910064863 A CN201910064863 A CN 201910064863A CN 109784098 A CN109784098 A CN 109784098A
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data
unit
encryption
instruction
operator
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CN201910064863.8A
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CN109784098B (en
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马爱永
赵修齐
袁涛
王洪利
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Hunan Goke Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Hunan Goke Microelectronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

This application discloses the encryption devices and its data processing method of a kind of AI accelerator, for the data that AI accelerator is used, including the data after operator data and net coefficients and AI operator operation, carry out Encrypt and Decrypt processing respectively, and complete data operation processing.The data that the encryption device of AI accelerator uses AI accelerator encrypt, even if the data that AI accelerator uses are received by improper user, it is only ciphertext data, it is unable to get clear data, to play the privacy functions to data, the security feature for improving AI accelerator, keeps the use process of data safer.

Description

A kind of encryption device and its data processing method of AI accelerator
Technical field
This application involves Automated library system field of circuit technology more particularly to a kind of encryption devices and its number of AI accelerator According to processing method.
Background technique
AI (Artificial Intelligence, artificial intelligence) is a research, develops for simulating, extending and expand Open up the theory, method, the technological sciences of technology and application system of the intelligence of people.Currently, the application of AI technology is very wide It is general, including intelligent robot, image recognition, speech recognition, intelligent sensing, unmanned etc..Certainly, the development of AI technology also needs Related industry application development and drive are wanted, such as the module of calculating tasks a large amount of in special disposal artificial intelligence, i.e. AI core Piece.AI chip is the basal cell of artificial intelligence, and development can promote the development of entire industry.
AI chip is also known as AI accelerator or calculates card, is used exclusively for a large amount of calculating tasks in processing artificial intelligence application Module (other non-computational tasks are still responsible for by traditional die CPU), is broadly divided into GPU, FPGA, ASIC.Relative to based on tradition The processors such as CPU, DSP, GPU of framework realize the acceleration of AI operator, and dedicated AI hardware accelerator is in Energy Efficiency Ratio, hardware resource In terms of utilization rate advantageously, therefore, various regions chip manufacturer and algorithm company one after another according to their own needs, develop corresponding AI Accelerator has consequently also driven the extensive use of AI accelerator.
Increasingly extensive with AI accelerator application scenarios, a large amount of data can be put on AI accelerator and be handled, In include the privacy informations such as a large amount of personal information, such as image, sound, position.Therefore, whether An Quan problem becomes day to data Benefit is prominent.But the current development of AI accelerator is also focused primarily on AI acceleration function and realizes, the related skill of data safety Art is simultaneously few.It would therefore be highly desirable to it is a kind of with the AI accelerator for supporting security feature, to improve the security feature of AI accelerator.
Summary of the invention
This application provides the encryption devices and its data processing method of a kind of AI accelerator, are accelerated with solving existing AI Device does not have the problem of supporting security feature.
This application provides a kind of encryption devices of AI accelerator, including sequentially connected request of data unit, data solution Close unit, AI operator unit and DEU data encryption unit;
Wherein, request of data unit is for sending data request signal, receiving valid data and to data decryption unit Data deciphering instruction occurs;
Data decryption unit obtains ciphertext data, and send out to AI operator unit for valid data to be decrypted Data operation is sent to instruct;
AI operator unit obtains operational data, and send number to DEU data encryption unit for calculating ciphertext data According to decryption instructions;
DEU data encryption unit obtains encryption data for operational data to be encrypted.
Optionally, the output end of the DEU data encryption unit connects data transmission unit, and the data transmission unit is used for Send encryption data.
Optionally, the request of data unit specifically includes,
Vacant signal receiving module, for receiving the vacant signal of operation of AI operator unit transmission;
Request signal sending module, for sending data request signal when receiving the vacant signal of operation;
Valid data receiving module, for receiving valid data, wherein valid data include effective information data and effectively Operator instruction;
Decryption instructions sending module, for sending data deciphering instruction to data decryption unit.
Optionally, the data decryption unit specifically includes,
Decryption instructions receiving module, the data deciphering instruction that request unit is sent for receiving data;
Valid data read module, for reading valid data out of request of data unit;
Data decryption module obtains ciphertext data for the valid data of reading to be decrypted, wherein decryption Data include decryption information data and decryption operator instruction;
Operational order sending module, for sending data operation instruction to AI operator unit.
Optionally, the AI operator unit specifically includes,
Operational order receiving module, the data operation instruction that decryption unit is sent for receiving data;Ciphertext data is read Module, for reading ciphertext data out of data decryption unit, wherein decrypted data packet when receiving data operation instruction Include decryption information data and decryption operator instruction;Operator control module carries out ciphertext data for Control operators computing module Operation;Operator operation module, for operator control module control under, according to decryption operator instruction, to decryption information data into Row operation obtains operational data;Operational order sending module, for sending data encryption instruction to DEU data encryption unit;It is vacant Signal transmitting module, for when no data processing, Xiang Suoshu request of data unit to send the vacant signal of operation;
The DEU data encryption unit specifically includes,
Encrypted instruction receiving module, for receiving the data encryption instruction of AI operator unit transmission;Operational data reads mould Block, for reading operational data out of AI operator unit when receiving data encryption instruction;Data encryption module, for pair Operational data is encrypted, and obtains encryption data;Encrypted instruction sending module, for data to occur to data transmission unit Send instruction;
Data transmission unit specifically includes,
Encrypted instruction receiving module receives the data that DEU data encryption unit is sent and sends instruction;Encryption data read module, For reading encryption data from DEU data encryption unit when receiving data transmission instruction;Encryption data sending module, for working as When obtaining encryption data, encryption data is sent.
Present invention also provides a kind of data processing methods accelerated based on AI operator, including,
Request of data unit sends data request signal, receives valid data and data solution occurs to data decryption unit Close instruction;
Valid data are decrypted in data decryption unit, obtain ciphertext data, and send number to AI operator unit According to operational order;
AI operator unit calculates ciphertext data, obtains operational data, and send data to DEU data encryption unit and add Close instruction;
Operational data is encrypted in DEU data encryption unit, obtains encryption data.
Optionally, obtain encryption data further includes that data transmission unit sends encryption data later.
Optionally, the request of data unit sends data request signal, receives valid data and to data deciphering list Data deciphering instruction occurs for member, specifically includes,
Vacant signal receiving module receives the vacant signal of operation that AI operator unit is sent;
When receiving the vacant signal of operation, request signal sending module sends data request signal;
Valid data receiving module receives valid data, wherein valid data include effective information data and effective operator Instruction;
Effective instruction sending module sends data deciphering instruction to data decryption unit.
Optionally, valid data are decrypted in the data decryption unit, obtain ciphertext data, and to AI operator Unit sends data operation instruction, specifically includes,
Effective instruction receiving module receives the data deciphering instruction that request of data unit is sent;
Valid data read module reads valid data out of request of data unit;
The valid data of reading are decrypted in data decryption module, obtain ciphertext data, wherein decrypted data packet Include decryption information data and decryption operator instruction;
Decryption instructions sending module sends data operation instruction to AI operator unit.
Optionally, the AI operator unit calculates ciphertext data, obtains operational data, and to DEU data encryption unit Data encryption instruction is sent, is specifically included,
Decryption instructions receiving module receives the data operation instruction that data decryption unit is sent;Refer to when receiving data budget When enabling, ciphertext data read module reads ciphertext data out of data decryption unit, wherein ciphertext data includes decryption Information Number It is instructed according to decryption operator;Operator control module Control operators computing module carries out operation to ciphertext data;Operator operation module Under the control of operator control module, according to decryption operator instruction, operation is carried out to decryption information data, obtains operational data;Fortune It calculates instruction sending module and sends data encryption instruction to DEU data encryption unit;When no data processing, vacant signal transmitting module, The vacant signal of operation is sent to the request of data unit;
Operational data is encrypted in the DEU data encryption unit, obtains encryption data, specifically includes,
Operational order receiving module receives the data encryption instruction that AI operator unit is sent;It is instructed when receiving data encryption When, operational data read module reads operational data out of AI operator unit;Data encryption module encrypts operational data Processing, obtains encryption data;Encrypted instruction sending module occurs data to data transmission unit and sends instruction;
Data transmission unit sends encryption data, specifically includes,
Encrypted instruction receiving module receives the data that DEU data encryption unit is sent and sends instruction;
When receiving data transmission instruction, encryption data read module reads encryption data from DEU data encryption unit;
When obtaining encryption data, encryption data sending module sends encryption data.
This application provides the encryption devices and its data processing method of a kind of AI accelerator, use for AI accelerator Data carry out Encrypt and Decrypt processing, and complete number including the data after operator data and net coefficients and AI operator operation respectively According to calculation process.The data that the encryption device of AI accelerator uses AI accelerator encrypt, though what AI accelerator used Data are received by improper user, are only ciphertext data, are unable to get clear data, to play the guarantor to data Close effect improves the security feature of AI accelerator, keeps the use process of data safer.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the application, letter will be made to attached drawing needed in the embodiment below Singly introduce, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skills, without creative efforts, also Other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without any creative labor.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the encryption device of the application AI accelerator;
Fig. 2 is the work flow diagram of the application request of data unit;
Fig. 3 is the work flow diagram of the application data decryption unit;
Fig. 4 is the work flow diagram of the application AI operator unit;
Fig. 5 is the work flow diagram of the application DEU data encryption unit;
Fig. 6 is the work flow diagram of the application data transmission unit.
Label in Fig. 1-6 respectively indicates are as follows: 1- request of data unit, 2- data decryption unit, 3-AI operator unit, 4- DEU data encryption unit, 5- data transmission unit.
Specific embodiment
The application provides a kind of encryption device of AI accelerator, for the data that AI accelerator is used, including operator data, And the data after net coefficients and AI operator operation, Encrypt and Decrypt processing is carried out respectively, and completes data operation processing.Fig. 1 is this Apply AI accelerator encryption device structural schematic diagram, as shown in Figure 1, the encryption device of AI accelerator it include being sequentially connected Request of data unit 1, data decryption unit 2, AI operator unit 3, DEU data encryption unit 4 and data transmission unit 5.
Wherein, request of data unit 1 is used for when receiving the vacant signal of operation of the transmission of AI operator unit 3, to AI plus The CPU of fast device, Memory Controller Hub or shared memory cell send data request signal, and when receive CPU, Memory Controller Hub or When the valid data that shared memory cell is sent, data deciphering instruction is sent to data decryption unit 2, wherein effective data packets It includes effective information data and effective operator instructs.
Data decryption unit 2 is used to that valid data to be decrypted, solved when receiving data deciphering instruction Ciphertext data, and data operation instruction is sent to AI operator unit 3, wherein ciphertext data includes that decryption information data and decryption are calculated Sub-instructions.
AI operator unit 3 is used for when receiving data operation instruction, according to decryption operator instruction, to decryption information data It is calculated, obtains operational data, and send data encryption instruction to DEU data encryption unit 4.
DEU data encryption unit 4 is used to that operational data to be encrypted, added when receiving data encryption instruction Ciphertext data, and send data to data transmission unit 5 and send instruction.
Data transmission unit 5 be used for when receive data send instruction, by encryption data be sent to AI accelerator CPU, Memory Controller Hub or shared memory cell.
In the present embodiment, request of data unit specifically include vacant signal receiving module, request signal sending module, effectively Data reception module and effective instruction sending module.Fig. 2 is the work flow diagram of the application request of data unit, as shown in Fig. 2, Vacant signal receiving module receives the vacant signal of operation that AI operator unit 3 is sent;Request signal sending module is to AI accelerator CPU, Memory Controller Hub or shared memory cell send data request signal;Valid data receiving module receives AI accelerator The valid data that CPU, Memory Controller Hub or shared memory cell are sent;When receiving valid data, effective instruction sends mould Block sends data deciphering instruction to data decryption unit.
In the present embodiment, data decryption unit specifically includes effective instruction receiving module, valid data read module, data Deciphering module and decryption instructions sending module.Fig. 3 is the work flow diagram of the application data decryption unit, as shown in figure 3, effectively Command reception module receives the data deciphering instruction that request of data unit is sent;When receiving data deciphering instruction, significant figure Valid data are read out of request of data unit according to read module;Place is decrypted to the valid data of reading in data decryption module Reason, obtains ciphertext data;When obtaining ciphertext data, decryption instructions sending module sends data operation to AI operator unit and refers to It enables.
In the present embodiment, AI operator unit specifically includes decryption instructions receiving module, ciphertext data read module, operator fortune Calculate module, operator control module and operational order sending module.Fig. 4 is the work flow diagram of the application AI operator unit, such as Fig. 4 Shown, decryption instructions receiving module receives the data operation instruction that data decryption unit is sent;It is instructed when receiving data operation When, ciphertext data read module reads ciphertext data out of data decryption unit;Operator control module Control operators computing module Operation is carried out to ciphertext data;Under the control of operator control module, operator operation module is instructed according to decryption operator, to solution secret letter It ceases data and carries out operation, obtain operational data;Operational order sending module sends data encryption instruction to DEU data encryption unit.This In embodiment, AI operator unit further includes vacant signal transmitting module, when no data is handled in AI operator unit, vacant signal Sending module sends the vacant signal of operation to the request of data unit 1.
In the present embodiment, DEU data encryption unit specifically includes operational order receiving module, operational data read module, data Encrypting module and encrypted instruction sending module.Fig. 5 is the work flow diagram of the application DEU data encryption unit, as shown in figure 5, operation Command reception module receives the data encryption instruction that AI operator unit is sent;When receiving data encryption instruction, operational data Read module reads operational data out of AI operator unit;Operational data is encrypted in data encryption module, is added Ciphertext data;When obtaining encryption data, encrypted instruction sending module occurs data to data transmission unit and sends instruction.
In the present embodiment, data transmission unit specifically includes encrypted instruction receiving module, encryption data read module and adds Ciphertext data sending module.Fig. 6 is the work flow diagram of the application data transmission unit, as shown in fig. 6, encrypted instruction receiving module It receives the data that DEU data encryption unit is sent and sends instruction;When receive data send instruction when, encryption data read module from DEU data encryption unit reads encryption data;When obtaining encryption data, encryption data is sent to AI by encryption data sending module CPU, Memory Controller Hub or the shared memory cell of accelerator.
Present invention also provides a kind of data processing methods accelerated based on AI operator, including,
Step S100, request of data unit send data request signal, receive valid data and to data decryption unit Data deciphering instruction occurs;
Valid data are decrypted in step S200, data decryption unit, obtain ciphertext data, and to AI operator list Member sends data operation instruction;
Step S300, AI operator unit calculates ciphertext data, obtains operational data, and send out to DEU data encryption unit Data encryption is sent to instruct;
Operational data is encrypted in step S400, DEU data encryption unit, obtains encryption data.
In the application, obtain encryption data further includes step S500 later, and data transmission unit sends encryption data.
In the present embodiment, step S100, request of data unit sends data request signal, receives valid data and to number Data deciphering instruction occurs according to decryption unit, specifically includes,
Step S101, vacant signal receiving module receive the vacant signal of operation that AI operator unit is sent;
Step S102, request signal sending module are sent to the CPU, Memory Controller Hub or shared memory cell of AI accelerator Data request signal;
Step S103, valid data receiving module receive CPU, Memory Controller Hub or the shared memory cell hair of AI accelerator The valid data sent, wherein valid data include that effective information data and effective operator instruct;
Step S104, effective instruction sending module send data deciphering instruction to data decryption unit.
In the present embodiment, valid data are decrypted in step S200, data decryption unit, obtain ciphertext data, And data operation instruction is sent to AI operator unit, it specifically includes,
S201, effective instruction receiving module receive the data deciphering instruction that request of data unit is sent;
S202, valid data read module read valid data out of request of data unit;
The valid data of reading are decrypted in S203, data decryption module, obtain ciphertext data, wherein decryption Data include decryption information data and decryption operator instruction;
S204, when obtaining ciphertext data, decryption instructions sending module sends data operation instruction to AI operator unit.
In the present embodiment, step S300, AI operator unit calculates ciphertext data, obtains operational data, and to number Data encryption instruction is sent according to encryption unit, is specifically included,
Step S301, decryption instructions receiving module receive the data operation instruction that data decryption unit is sent;
Step S302, when receiving data operation instruction, ciphertext data read module is read out of data decryption unit Ciphertext data, wherein ciphertext data includes decryption information data and decryption operator instruction;
Step S303, operator control module Control operators computing module carry out operation to ciphertext data;
Step S304, operator operation module is under the control of operator control module, according to decryption operator instruction, to solution confidential information Data carry out operation, obtain operational data;
Step S305, operational order sending module send data encryption instruction to DEU data encryption unit.
In the present embodiment, AI operator unit further includes vacant signal transmitting module, when no data is handled in AI operator unit When, vacant signal transmitting module sends the vacant signal of operation to the request of data unit 1.
Operational data is encrypted in step S400, the DEU data encryption unit, obtains encryption data, including,
Step S401, operational order receiving module receive the data encryption instruction that AI operator unit is sent;
Step S402, when receiving data encryption instruction, operational data read module reads fortune out of AI operator unit Count evidence;
Operational data is encrypted in step S403, data encryption module, obtains encryption data;
Step S404, when obtaining encryption data, encrypted instruction sending module occurs data to data transmission unit and sends Instruction.
In the present embodiment, step S500, data transmission unit sends encryption data, specifically includes,
Step S501, encrypted instruction receiving module receive the data that DEU data encryption unit is sent and send instruction;
Step S502, when receiving data transmission instruction, encryption data read module is read from DEU data encryption unit to be added Ciphertext data;
Step S503, when obtaining encryption data, encryption data is sent to AI accelerator by encryption data sending module CPU, Memory Controller Hub or shared memory cell.
This application provides the encryption devices and its data processing method of a kind of AI accelerator, use for AI accelerator Data carry out Encrypt and Decrypt processing, and complete number including the data after operator data and net coefficients and AI operator operation respectively According to calculation process.The data that the encryption device of AI accelerator uses AI accelerator encrypt, though what AI accelerator used Data are received by improper user, are only ciphertext data, are unable to get clear data, to play the guarantor to data Close effect improves the security feature of AI accelerator, keeps the use process of data safer.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of encryption device of AI accelerator, which is characterized in that including sequentially connected request of data unit (1), data solution Close unit (2), AI operator unit (3) and DEU data encryption unit (4);
Wherein, request of data unit (1) is for sending data request signal, receiving valid data and to data decryption unit (2) data deciphering instruction occurs;
Data decryption unit (2) obtains ciphertext data for valid data to be decrypted, and to AI operator unit (3) Send data operation instruction;
AI operator unit (3) obtains operational data, and send to DEU data encryption unit (4) for calculating ciphertext data Data deciphering instruction;
DEU data encryption unit (4) obtains encryption data for operational data to be encrypted.
2. encryption device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the output end of the DEU data encryption unit (4) connects Data transmission unit (5), the data transmission unit (5) is for sending encryption data.
3. encryption device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the request of data unit (1) specifically includes,
Vacant signal receiving module, for receiving the vacant signal of operation of AI operator unit (3) transmission;
Request signal sending module, for sending data request signal when receiving the vacant signal of operation;
Valid data receiving module, for receiving valid data, wherein valid data include effective information data and effective operator Instruction;
Decryption instructions sending module, for sending data deciphering instruction to data decryption unit (2).
4. encryption device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the data decryption unit (2) specifically includes,
Decryption instructions receiving module, the data deciphering instruction that request unit (1) is sent for receiving data;
Valid data read module, for reading valid data out of request of data unit (1);
Data decryption module obtains ciphertext data, wherein ciphertext data for the valid data of reading to be decrypted Including decryption information data and decryption operator instruction;
Operational order sending module, for sending data operation instruction to AI operator unit (3).
5. encryption device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the AI operator unit (3) specifically includes,
Operational order receiving module, the data operation instruction that decryption unit (2) is sent for receiving data;Ciphertext data reads mould Block, for reading ciphertext data from data decryption unit (2) is interior, wherein decrypted data packet when receiving data operation instruction Include decryption information data and decryption operator instruction;Operator control module carries out ciphertext data for Control operators computing module Operation;Operator operation module, for operator control module control under, according to decryption operator instruction, to decryption information data into Row operation obtains operational data;Operational order sending module, for sending data encryption instruction to DEU data encryption unit (4);It is empty Signal transmitting module is set, for when no data processing, Xiang Suoshu request of data unit (1) to send the vacant signal of operation;
The DEU data encryption unit (4) specifically includes,
Encrypted instruction receiving module, for receiving the data encryption instruction of AI operator unit (3) transmission;Operational data reads mould Block, for reading operational data from AI operator unit (3) is interior when receiving data encryption instruction;Data encryption module is used for Operational data is encrypted, encryption data is obtained;Encrypted instruction sending module, for being sent out to data transmission unit (5) Raw data send instruction;
Data transmission unit (5) specifically includes,
Encrypted instruction receiving module receives the data that DEU data encryption unit is sent and sends instruction;Encryption data read module, is used for When receiving data transmission instruction, encryption data is read from DEU data encryption unit (4);Encryption data sending module, for working as When obtaining encryption data, encryption data is sent.
6. a kind of data processing method accelerated based on AI operator, which is characterized in that including,
Request of data unit, which sends data request signal, receives valid data and data deciphering occurs to data decryption unit, to be referred to It enables;
Valid data are decrypted in data decryption unit, obtain ciphertext data, and send data fortune to AI operator unit Calculate instruction;
AI operator unit calculates ciphertext data, obtains operational data, and send data encryption to DEU data encryption unit and refer to It enables;
Operational data is encrypted in DEU data encryption unit, obtains encryption data.
7. data processing method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that obtaining encryption data further includes later data Transmission unit sends encryption data.
8. data processing method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the request of data unit sends request of data Signal receives valid data and data deciphering instruction occurs to data decryption unit, specifically includes,
Vacant signal receiving module receives the vacant signal of operation that AI operator unit is sent;
When receiving the vacant signal of operation, request signal sending module sends data request signal;
Valid data receiving module receives valid data, wherein valid data include that effective information data and effective operator instruct;
Effective instruction sending module sends data deciphering instruction to data decryption unit.
9. data processing method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the data decryption unit to valid data into Row decryption processing obtains ciphertext data, and sends data operation instruction to AI operator unit, specifically includes,
Effective instruction receiving module receives the data deciphering instruction that request of data unit is sent;
Valid data read module reads valid data out of request of data unit;
The valid data of reading are decrypted in data decryption module, obtain ciphertext data, wherein ciphertext data includes solution Confidential information data and decryption operator instruction;
Decryption instructions sending module sends data operation instruction to AI operator unit.
10. data processing method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the AI operator unit to ciphertext data into Row calculates, and obtains operational data, and send data encryption instruction to DEU data encryption unit, specifically includes,
Decryption instructions receiving module receives the data operation instruction that data decryption unit is sent;It is instructed when receiving data budget When, ciphertext data read module reads ciphertext data out of data decryption unit, wherein ciphertext data includes decryption information data With decryption operator instruction;Operator control module Control operators computing module carries out operation to ciphertext data;Operator operation module exists Under the control of operator control module, according to decryption operator instruction, operation is carried out to decryption information data, obtains operational data;Operation Instruction sending module sends data encryption instruction to DEU data encryption unit;When no data processing, vacant signal transmitting module, to The request of data unit sends the vacant signal of operation;
Operational data is encrypted in the DEU data encryption unit, obtains encryption data, specifically includes,
Operational order receiving module receives the data encryption instruction that AI operator unit is sent;When receiving data encryption instruction, Operational data read module reads operational data out of AI operator unit;Data encryption module carries out at encryption operational data Reason, obtains encryption data;Encrypted instruction sending module occurs data to data transmission unit and sends instruction;
Data transmission unit sends encryption data, specifically includes,
Encrypted instruction receiving module receives the data that DEU data encryption unit is sent and sends instruction;
When receiving data transmission instruction, encryption data read module reads encryption data from DEU data encryption unit;
When obtaining encryption data, encryption data sending module sends encryption data.
CN201910064863.8A 2019-01-23 2019-01-23 Encryption device of AI accelerator and data processing method thereof Active CN109784098B (en)

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