CN109743115B - MZM-based microwave frequency comb generation device and method of numerical control optical heterodyne method - Google Patents
MZM-based microwave frequency comb generation device and method of numerical control optical heterodyne method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave frequency comb generation device and method based on MZM numerical control light heterodyne method, comprising a continuous light source, a Mach-Zehnder modulator, a bit sequence generator, a pulse generator, an optical amplifier, a photoelectric detector and a filter; setting a bit sequence generator to output a corresponding bit sequence according to a frequency spectrum function of a needed microwave frequency comb, and controlling the pulse generator to generate an electric pulse signal to drive the Mach-Zehnder modulator; the continuous light source outputs single-wavelength continuous light to the Mach-Zehnder modulator to generate comb-shaped spectrum; beat frequency occurs between optical sidebands of the comb spectrum, the beat frequency is amplified by an optical amplifier and input into a photoelectric detector for photoelectric conversion, and a current signal obtained by the photoelectric conversion is filtered by a filter to obtain a flat microwave frequency comb with frequency interval equal to the frequency of an electric pulse signal. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy realization, flat frequency spectrum of the microwave frequency comb, digital control tuning of the number of frequency components and frequency intervals, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave photonics, in particular to a microwave frequency comb generation device and method based on a MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method.
Background
With the rapid popularization of intelligent communication equipment, wireless mobile users are suddenly increased in a jet well manner, and the rapid development of a mobile communication technology is urgently needed. The microwave with the frequency range of 300MHz to 300GHz is used as a common wireless transmission carrier wave, has the characteristics of optical similarity, sound similarity, concentricity, penetrability, informativeness and the like, and has important application in the fields of civil communication, radar, remote sensing, medical treatment, microwave measurement and the like. The high-quality microwave signal source is the basis of all microwave field applications. The traditional electric microwave signal technology is limited by electronic devices, and is difficult to generate high-frequency stable microwave signals. With the development of optoelectronics and optical fiber technology, the electronic bottleneck can be effectively overcome by using the photo-generated microwave technology, and high-frequency microwaves which are difficult to obtain in the electric domain can be obtained.
The microwave frequency comb is composed of a series of discrete microwave signals with equal frequency intervals, and can simultaneously provide a plurality of microwave signals with different frequencies in a frequency band. Compared with a single-frequency microwave source, the microwave frequency comb has the advantages of more spectral lines, wide frequency range, high spectral line spacing precision and the like, has better application in the fields of communication, military, medical treatment, measurement and the like, and is widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad.
In the research of generating microwave frequency comb based on photo-generated microwave technology, the main methods are as follows: optical frequency doubling, harmonic generation, and optical heterodyne. The main methods using the optical heterodyne method include: modulating laser by utilizing the synergistic effect of a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM for short) and a phase modulator, and performing photoelectric conversion on an optical frequency comb generated by modulation after beat frequency is generated in a photoelectric detector (PD for short) to obtain a microwave frequency comb; modulating laser by using a plurality of cascaded or parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM for short), and performing photoelectric conversion in a PD to obtain a microwave frequency comb after a beat frequency is generated in the optical frequency comb generated by modulation; generating an optical frequency comb by using a mode-locked laser, and performing photoelectric conversion in a PD to obtain a microwave frequency comb after the optical frequency comb generates beat frequency; generating an optical frequency comb by utilizing nonlinear effects such as four-wave mixing in a high nonlinear optical fiber, and performing photoelectric conversion in a PD to obtain a microwave frequency comb after the optical frequency comb generates beat frequency; and generating an optical frequency comb based on the circulating frequency shift loop, and performing photoelectric conversion in the PD to obtain a microwave frequency comb after the optical frequency comb generates beat frequency.
In the existing scheme for generating the microwave frequency comb by adopting the optical heterodyne method, the structure is complex, the frequency components of the generated microwave frequency comb are less, the spectrum flatness is lower and the tuning is impossible. Therefore, how to simplify the microwave frequency comb generating device and generate the tunable microwave frequency comb with high spectrum flatness and multiple frequency components becomes important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a microwave frequency comb generating device based on an MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method and a generating method thereof, and solves the problems that the existing microwave frequency comb generating device using an optical method is complex in structure, uneven in frequency spectrum of the microwave frequency comb, few in frequency component and not tunable.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a microwave frequency comb generating device based on MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method is characterized in that: the device comprises a continuous light source, a Mach-Zehnder modulator, a bit sequence generator, a pulse generator, an optical amplifier, a photoelectric detector and a filter; the bit sequence generator outputs a bit sequence to control the pulse generator to generate an electric pulse signal to drive the Mach-Zehnder modulator; the continuous light source outputs single-wavelength continuous light to the Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the Mach-Zehnder modulator generates comb-shaped spectrum with frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals; beat frequency occurs between optical sidebands of the comb spectrum, the beat frequency is amplified by an optical amplifier and input into a photoelectric detector for photoelectric conversion, and a current signal obtained by the photoelectric conversion passes through a filter to obtain a flat microwave frequency comb with frequency interval equal to the frequency of an electric pulse signal.
The microwave frequency comb generating device based on the MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method is characterized in that: the continuous light source is a continuous laser.
The microwave frequency comb generating device based on the MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method is characterized in that: the Mach-Zehnder modulator is a single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator or a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator.
The microwave frequency comb generating device based on the MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method is characterized in that: the filter is a band-pass filter.
A microwave frequency comb generation method based on MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a frequency spectrum function of a required microwave frequency comb according to the frequency component number and the frequency interval of the required microwave frequency comb;
secondly, obtaining comb-shaped spectral field distribution participating in beat frequency according to a spectral function of a needed microwave frequency comb according to an optical heterodyne principle and a photoelectric conversion relation of a photoelectric detector; then according to the principle of a Mach-Zehnder modulator, obtaining a required bit sequence by the comb spectral field distribution;
setting a bit sequence generator according to the required bit sequence to output a corresponding bit sequence, and controlling the pulse generator to generate a corresponding electric pulse signal to drive the Mach-Zehnder modulator;
fourthly, the continuous light source outputs single-wavelength continuous light to the Mach-Zehnder modulator, intensity and phase modulation simultaneously occur, and comb-shaped spectrum with frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals is generated;
fifthly, beating frequency occurs among the optical sidebands of the comb spectrum, the beat frequency is amplified by an optical amplifier and input into a photoelectric detector for photoelectric conversion, a plurality of current components with frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals are generated, the current components with the same frequency are overlapped, and then a filter filters spontaneous radiation noise and low-frequency current components generated by the optical amplifier to obtain a flat microwave frequency comb with the frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals.
The microwave frequency comb generation method based on the MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the continuous light source is a continuous laser.
The microwave frequency comb generation method based on the MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the Mach-Zehnder modulator is a single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator or a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator.
The microwave frequency comb generation method based on the MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the filter is a band-pass filter.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the invention utilizes the bit sequence generator to control the pulse generator to generate an electric pulse signal, the Mach-Zehnder modulator modulates the input continuous light under the drive of the electric pulse signal to generate a comb spectrum with equal frequency intervals, and the comb spectrum generates beat frequency and then is amplified by the optical amplifier and subjected to photoelectric conversion by the photoelectric detector to generate a flat microwave frequency comb.
The number of frequency components and frequency intervals of the output microwave frequency comb can be tuned by changing the bit sequence output by the bit sequence generator, the generated microwave frequency comb has good frequency spectrum characteristics, has advantages in frequency components and flatness, can be combined with a computer control technology, and is applied to high-speed wireless communication, satellite repeaters and other systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microwave frequency comb generating apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a flat microwave frequency comb spectrum obtained in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
the meaning of the symbols in the drawings: CW Laser-continuous Laser, MZM-Mach-Zehnder modulator, Bit Sequence Generator-Bit Sequence Generator, Pulse Generator-Pulse Generator, EDFA-erbium-doped fiber amplifier, APD-avalanche photodiode, BPF-band pass filter, and ESA-spectrum analyzer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, a microwave frequency comb generating device based on MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method includes a continuous laser, a mach-zehnder modulator, a bit sequence generator, a pulse generator, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, an avalanche photodiode, a band pass filter;
the bit sequence generator outputs a bit sequence to control the pulse generator to generate an electric pulse signal to drive the Mach-Zehnder modulator MZM; the continuous Laser CW Laser outputs single-wavelength continuous light to the MZM, and the MZM generates comb-shaped spectrums with equal frequency intervals, wherein the frequency intervals of the comb-shaped spectrums are equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals; beat frequency occurs among all optical sidebands of the comb spectrum, signals generated by the beat frequency are amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA and then injected into an avalanche photodiode APD for photoelectric conversion, current signals obtained by the photoelectric conversion are filtered by a band-pass filter BPF to remove spontaneous radiation noise and low-frequency microwave components generated by the optical amplifier, and then the flat microwave frequency comb with the frequency interval equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals is obtained.
The mach-zehnder modulator may be a single drive mach-zehnder modulator or a dual drive mach-zehnder modulator.
A microwave frequency comb generation method based on an MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a frequency spectrum function of a required microwave frequency comb according to the frequency component number and the frequency interval of the required microwave frequency comb;
secondly, obtaining comb-shaped spectral field distribution participating in beat frequency according to a spectral function of a needed microwave frequency comb according to an optical heterodyne principle and a photoelectric conversion relation of a photoelectric detector; then according to the MZM principle, the comb spectrum field distribution obtains the needed bit sequence;
setting a bit sequence generator according to the required bit sequence to output a corresponding bit sequence, and controlling a pulse generator to generate a corresponding electric pulse signal to drive the MZM;
fourthly, outputting single-wavelength continuous light to the MZM by the CW Laser, simultaneously carrying out intensity and phase modulation, and generating a comb spectrum with frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signal;
fifthly, beating frequency occurs among the optical sidebands of the comb spectrum, the beat frequency is amplified by the EDFA and input into the APD for photoelectric conversion, a plurality of current components with frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals are generated, the current components with the same frequency are overlapped, spontaneous radiation noise and low-frequency current components generated by the EDFA are filtered through the BPF, and the flat microwave frequency comb with the frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals is obtained.
Changing the number of frequency components and frequency interval of the microwave frequency comb by changing the bit sequence output by the bit sequence generator; the method comprises the steps that the bias voltages of two optical branches of the Mach-Zehnder modulator are changed to optimize each optical sideband in the comb spectrum, the weight of the current component generated by the beat frequency of the optimized optical sideband in the superposition process is correspondingly changed, and the spectrum flatness of the microwave frequency comb is changed.
The comb spectrum field distribution participating in beat frequency can be obtained by an optical heterodyne principle and an APD photoelectric conversion relation, an electric pulse signal for driving an MZM to generate a comb spectrum can be obtained by an MZM principle, and a binary bit sequence for controlling a pulse generator to generate the electric pulse signal and the rising edge time and the falling edge time of the electric pulse signal can also be obtained by a Fourier transform relation.
The bit sequence generator outputs a bit sequence, the pulse generator is controlled to generate a corresponding electric pulse signal to drive the MZM, and the bit sequence determines the electric pulse waveform output by the pulse generator and the frequency component number and the frequency interval corresponding to the microwave frequency comb;
modulation depth of MZM and bias voltage V of two optical branchesbias1、Vbias2And a driving voltage VdIt is related. The waveform of the electric pulse generated by the bit sequence control pulse generator is a trapezoidal pulse (taking a trapezoidal pulse as an example) with asymmetric rising edge and falling edge, the trapezoidal pulse can be expanded into the accumulation of a plurality of sinusoidal pulses by a Fourier transform relationship, and the accumulation is the same as the superposition of a plurality of sinusoidal electric pulse signals, so that the input light of the MZM generates a comb spectrum under the drive modulation of the electric pulse signals.
The final value of the current component corresponding to a certain frequency of the microwave frequency comb is the result of superposition of current components generated after beat frequency and photoelectric conversion between different optical sidebands, and the bias voltage V of the two optical branches of the MZM is changedbias1、Vbias2And a driving voltage VdAnd optimizing each optical sideband, and correspondingly changing the weight of the current component generated by the beat frequency of the optimized optical sideband in the superposition process so as to change the spectral flatness of the microwave frequency comb.
Example (b): initially setting the center frequency of CW Laser to be 193.1THz, the optical power to be 15dBm, the initial phase to be 0 and the line width to be 10 MHz; the bit sequence generator outputs a bit sequence of 10101010, the ratio of the rising edge time to the falling edge time of the asymmetrical trapezoidal electric pulse signal output by the pulse generator is (0,1), the frequency of the electric pulse signal is 5GHz, and the amplitude of the electric pulse signal is 2.0V; bias voltage V of MZMbias1、Vbias2respectively-2.8V and-2.3V; erbium (Er) ion doping concentration of EDFADegree of 1024/m3The pumping power is 100mW, and the length is 5 m; the responsivity of the APD is 1A/W, and the gain is 5.
Light output by a light source is injected into the MZM, the MZM generates a comb spectrum with frequency intervals equal to the frequency of an electric pulse signal under the drive of an asymmetric trapezoidal electric pulse signal generated by a pulse generator controlled by a bit sequence 10101010, beat frequencies occur among optical sidebands of the comb spectrum, the comb spectrum is amplified by the EDFA and input into the APD for photoelectric conversion, and then the microwave frequency comb with the frequency component of 53, the frequency interval of 5GHz and the flatness of 1.76dB (the flatness of a high-frequency part is 0.04dB) is obtained after BPF filtering, as shown in FIG. 2.
In summary, the present invention utilizes the bit sequence generator to control the pulse generator to output the electrical pulse signal, and drive the MZM to modulate the input light to generate the comb spectrum with equal frequency intervals, and the comb spectrum generates beat frequency and then is amplified by the optical amplifier and photoelectrically converted by the photodetector to generate the flat microwave frequency comb.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and optimizations may be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and optimizations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A microwave frequency comb generation method based on MZM numerical control optical heterodyne method is characterized in that: the device comprises a continuous light source, a Mach-Zehnder modulator, a bit sequence generator, a pulse generator, an optical amplifier, a photoelectric detector and a filter; the bit sequence generator outputs a bit sequence to control the pulse generator to generate an electric pulse signal to drive the Mach-Zehnder modulator; the continuous light source outputs single-wavelength continuous light to the Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the Mach-Zehnder modulator generates comb-shaped spectrum with frequency interval equal to that of the electric pulse signal; beat frequency occurs between optical sidebands of the comb spectrum, the beat frequency is amplified by an optical amplifier and input into a photoelectric detector for photoelectric conversion, and a current signal obtained by the photoelectric conversion passes through a filter to obtain a flat microwave frequency comb with frequency interval equal to the frequency of an electric pulse signal;
the production method comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a frequency spectrum function of a required microwave frequency comb according to the frequency component number and the frequency interval of the required microwave frequency comb;
secondly, obtaining comb-shaped spectral field distribution participating in beat frequency according to a spectral function of a needed microwave frequency comb according to an optical heterodyne principle and a photoelectric conversion relation of a photoelectric detector; then according to the principle of a Mach-Zehnder modulator, obtaining a required bit sequence by the comb spectral field distribution;
setting a bit sequence generator according to the required bit sequence to output a corresponding bit sequence, and controlling the pulse generator to generate a corresponding electric pulse signal to drive the Mach-Zehnder modulator;
fourthly, the continuous light source outputs single-wavelength continuous light to the Mach-Zehnder modulator, intensity and phase modulation simultaneously occur, and comb-shaped spectrum with frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals is generated;
fifthly, beating frequency occurs among all optical sidebands of the comb spectrum, the beat frequency is amplified by an optical amplifier and input into a photoelectric detector for photoelectric conversion, a plurality of current components with frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals are generated, the current components with the same frequency are superposed, and then a filter filters spontaneous radiation noise and low-frequency current components generated by the optical amplifier to obtain a flat microwave frequency comb with frequency intervals equal to the frequency of the electric pulse signals;
sixthly, changing the frequency component number and the frequency interval of the microwave frequency comb by changing the bit sequence output by the bit sequence generator; bias voltages of two optical branches of the Mach-Zehnder modulator optimize each optical sideband in the comb spectrum, and the weight of current components generated by beat frequency of the optimized optical sidebands in the superposition process is correspondingly changed, so that the spectrum flatness of the microwave frequency comb is changed.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the continuous light source is a continuous laser.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the Mach-Zehnder modulator is a single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator or a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the filter is a band-pass filter.
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