CN109640332A - A kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure and reliability quantitative analysis method - Google Patents
A kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure and reliability quantitative analysis method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure and reliability quantitative analysis methods, it is characterised in that: it includes plant area's monitoring Area Node, plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node, monitoring side's gateway, recipient's gateway and monitoring server；Plant area monitors Area Node and is arranged within the scope of plant area to be monitored, for being monitored to the haze situation within the scope of plant area to be monitored and being sent to monitoring side's gateway；The setting of plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node is monitored for the haze situation to plant area's surrounding to be monitored in plant area periphery to be monitored and is sent to monitoring side's gateway；Monitoring side's gateway is arranged within the scope of plant area to be monitored, for sending recipient's gateway for monitoring data by long-range GPRS/3G technology, remote internet technology or long-range Beidou/satellite technology and receiving its feedback information；Received monitoring data are uploaded to monitoring server by recipient's gateway.The present invention can be widely applied to Internet of Things monitoring field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internet of things field, topological structure is monitored especially with regard to a kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo and can
By property quantitative analysis method.
Background technique
Technology of Internet of things is a frontier in information technology, and more and more industry application Internet of Things realize long-range monitoring
Task.Technology of Internet of things is applied into the monitoring of haze major polluting sources, advantage has: 1. by sensor node deployment in enterprise
At blowdown can real-time monitoring enterprise blowdown flow rate it is whether exceeded；2. sensor fine granularity, which is deployed in monitoring enterprises, to be examined
It surveys whether enterprise has uncontrollable discharge, and situations such as burst Pollution source whether occurs；3. utilizing internet of things sensors node
Expense is low, covers wide feature, and sensor node deployment is being detected the peripheral real-time monitoring of enterprise to ambient air quality
It influences, only can be finally inversed by whether monitored enterprise has phenomena such as row, random row steathily from monitoring pollution result；4. Internet of Things can have
Combining with GPRS, 3G, satellite communication, wireless communication and the Beidou satellite communication of China for effect, accomplishes the only of telecommunication
It is vertical；5. the wireless sensor network of Internet of Things can be with flexible arrangement network, the new pollution sources of timely tracking and monitoring, people can be with
Wireless sensor node is dispensed in the environment for needing to monitor in time according to demand, forms to dynamic self-organization monitoring net, no
The special network equipment and professional technician is needed to safeguard, it is often more important that can be by increasing inexpensive sensor
Density reduces the distance between sensor, the accuracy of monitoring information can be improved, solve the reliability of monitoring data.
The node deployment of sensor network is mainly studied and how to be allowed according to application demand and application environment in Internet of Things
Deployment way, by a certain number of node deployments in the appropriate location in monitoring region, to realize sensing range to entire monitoring
The covering in region, and meet deployment time cost, the connectivity of network, reliability and energy that network application can bear
The demand of effect property etc..The deployment way of sensor node is usually determined by specific application environment in Internet of Things, common
There are two types of deployment way: certainty deployment way and the deployment way shed at random.Reliable, network the coverage of network with
Constraint condition in need of consideration and the pursuit when being node deployment such as connectivity, the expense of node deployment and Energy volution
Target.It is found by existing research achievement, two-dimensional space node deployment method comparative maturity, but it is vertical for three-dimensional
Node deployment research achievement in body space is few.And in terms of data transmission of internet of things reliability consideration, in order to ensure can
By property, retransmitted redundant is often taken, inevitably reduces the real-time of data transmission.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure and reliabilities
Quantitative analysis method passes through the fine-grained 3 D stereo Internet of things node to on-site to be monitored and plant area's ambient enviroment
Reliable topology deployment improves the reliability of data transmission of internet of things and the real-time of data transmission.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The first aspect of the invention provides a kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure comprising plant area's monitoring
Area Node, plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node, monitoring side's gateway, recipient's gateway and monitoring server；Plant area's prison
It surveys Area Node to be arranged within the scope of plant area to be monitored, for being monitored simultaneously the haze situation within the scope of plant area to be monitored
It is sent to monitoring side's gateway；Plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node setting is in plant area periphery to be monitored, for treating prison
The haze situation for surveying plant area's surrounding is monitored and is sent to monitoring side's gateway；Monitoring side's gateway is arranged wait supervise
It surveys within the scope of plant area, for that will be monitored by long-range GPRS/3G technology, remote internet technology or long-range Beidou/satellite technology
Data are sent to recipient's gateway and receive its feedback information；Recipient's gateway uploads received monitoring data
To the monitoring server, by internet or mobile terminal real-time monitoring and alarm is received for supervisor, or to prison
Survey grid carries out relevant configuration and management, release tasks movement and update monitoring frequency.
Further, the deployment of plant area monitoring Area Node using list Sink multistage cluster structure, innermost layer it is basic
It monitors body to dispose by the center of circle of plant area's pollution sources center of gravity to be monitored, other each layer fundamental surveillance bodies are successively disposed whole until covering
A plant area to be monitored monitors region；A coordinator node is configured in the innermost layer fundamental surveillance body, is supervised as entire plant area
The Sink node in region is surveyed, the communication being responsible between monitoring side's gateway, referred to as level-one cluster head；From the coordinator
Node in each fundamental surveillance body of the nearest second layer of node with routing function is as second level cluster head；From inside to outside other
The intracorporal node with routing function of each fundamental surveillance of each layer is successively used as three-level cluster head, level Four cluster head until N grades of cluster heads
Node.
Further, the fundamental surveillance body by a data monitoring forward node and is deployed in the data monitoring turn
Six data monitoring nodes composition around node is sent out, and between each data monitoring node and each data monitoring
The distance between node and the data monitoring forward node are equal, and all nodes collectively form regular hexagon monitoring body.
Further, plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node includes the strip rectangle for being deployed in plant area's surrounding to be monitored
Area monitoring body, each sensor node that the rectangular area monitors in body are staggeredly placed in two length of strip rectangular area
Bian Shang, and the center per three adjacent nodes constitutes an isosceles triangle.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of reliability quantitative analysis of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure
Method comprising following steps: 1) it to be monitored plant area within the scope of disposes plant area and monitors Area Node, and determine plant area's monitoring
The relevant parameter of Area Node topological structure；2) plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node is disposed in plant area's surrounding to be monitored, and determined
The relevant parameter of plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node topological structure；3) to plant area's monitoring region section within the scope of plant area to be monitored
The reliability of the multistage clustering architecture of point carries out quantitative analysis, obtains its reliability；4) to the long-range biography with different redundancy structures
The reliability of defeated trunk carries out quantitative analysis.
Further, in the step 1), plant area is disposed within the scope of plant area to be monitored and monitors Area Node, and is determined
The method that plant area monitors the relevant parameter of Area Node topological structure, comprising the following steps:
1.1) in list Sink multistage clustering architecture used by determining, the distance between adjacent cluster head and regular hexagon are basic
Monitor the relationship between the sample radius of body:
In formula, d is the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body；
1.2) according to the distance between obtained adjacent cluster head between the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body
Relationship determines the relationship between the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body and the perception radius of sensor node:
In formula, RsFor the perception radius of sensor node；
1.3) according to the relationship between the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body and the perception radius of sensor node,
Total number of plies N of plant area's monitoring Area Node topological structure and the perception radius of sensor and ideal monitoring region is calculated
The relationship of area:
In formula, S is ideal monitoring region area；
1.4) according to the perception radius and ideal monitoring section of total number of plies N of monitoring section domain topology structure and sensor
Leader cluster node number total in the total number of plies N and monitoring region of monitoring section domain topology structure is calculated in the relationship of domain area
NkeyRelationship:
Nkey=3N (N-1)+1.
Further, in the step 2), plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node is disposed in plant area's surrounding to be monitored, and really
Determine the method for the relevant parameter of plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node topological structure, comprising the following steps:
2.1) according to the perception radius of the width of strip rectangular area and sensor node, strip rectangle region is calculated
The relationship of the perception radius of the neighborhood distance and sensor in domain:
In formula, W is the width of strip rectangular area, RsFor the perception radius of sensor node, d is strip rectangle
The neighborhood distance in region；
2.2) according to the relationship of the perception radius of the neighborhood distance of strip rectangular area and sensor, covering length is calculated
Degree is total node number N needed for the strip rectangular area of LexWith the relationship of the perception radius of sensor:
In formula, L is the length of strip rectangular area；
2.3) it according to the relationship of the coverage density of strip rectangular area and total node number, is calculated and meets 1- repetition
Relationship between the neighborhood distance of cover fillet part and the perception radius of sensor node:
D=1.5Rs。
Further, in the step 4), to the reliability amount of progress of the remote transmission trunk with different redundancy structures
Change the method for analysis, comprising the following steps:
4.1) quantitative analysis is carried out to the reliability with parallel redundant system, obtains its reliability and mean time between failures
Time；
The reliability of system are as follows:
In formula, n is the components number of parallel redundant system, Ri(t), i=1,2 ..., n is the reliability of all parts；
WhenThen
The average time between failures of system are as follows:
4.2) quantitative analysis is carried out to the reliability for the voting redundant system for taking k in n, obtains its reliability and average event
Hinder interval time；
If all components of initial time start simultaneously at work, the reliability of system is
In formula, X1,X2,...,XnIt is the service life X of n component in systemi；
Work as R0(t)=e-λtWhen, then have
In formula, λ is failure rate.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is centered on pollution sources center of gravity
Monitoring section domain inside plant area is disposed, in the coverage for meeting network, under connectivity platform, proposes the modularization of uniform sub-clustering
Node deployment method, and give monitoring region area, monitoring node the perception radius and the total number of plies of topological structure, monitoring key
Each parameter correlation such as node number and the calculation formula of quantization establish solid theoretical basis for actual deployment application；2,
The present invention is to solve the situation of monitoring system break or monitoring data exception, in monitoring area periphery, using rectangle as fundamental surveillance
Region, minimum to dispose number of nodes, i.e., cost is minimised as principle, proposes the deployment scheme that isosceles triangle one repeats lid,
And give the quantitative formula that rectangle disposes lower neighborhood distance and monitoring node the perception radius between width, node；3, the present invention is with can
By property Diagram Model, the reliability quantitative analysis formula of uniform clustering topology is given；4, the present invention is to remote transmission master
In terms of dry guaranteed reliability's mechanism, give under parallel redundancy, voting redundant system, the reliability of system, mean time between failures
The quantization formula of time, and the characteristic of four kinds of different redundant fashions is compared, propose the mode of 3- parallel redundancy,
Not only it can extend mean down time interval, but also the reliability of Internet of Things remote supervision system backbone transport part can be improved,
Theoretical reference is provided for practical application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall architecture schematic diagram of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the 3 D stereo monitoring net schematic diagram that the present invention is made of fundamental surveillance region, and Fig. 2 (a) is three-dimensional deployment
Abstract graph, Fig. 2 (b) are three-dimensional deployment top views；
Fig. 3 is second level cluster head structure chart of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is multistage cluster head structure chart of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the fundamental surveillance body BA structure chart that the present invention defines；
Fig. 6 is rectangular area plan view of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is isosceles triangle 1- of the present invention all standing node deployment figure again；
Fig. 8 (a) is multistage clustering architecture reliability block diagram of the invention；
Fig. 8 (b) is single clustering architecture reliability block diagram of the invention；
Fig. 9 is parallel redundancy reliability block diagram of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the reliability block diagram of voting system of the present invention；
Figure 11 is different redundant system reliabilitys of the invention with failure rate variation relation；
Figure 12 is different redundant system average time between failures of the invention with failure rate variation relation.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo provided by the invention monitors topological structure comprising plant area's monitoring
Area Node, plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node, monitoring side's gateway, recipient's gateway and monitoring server.Wherein, plant area
It monitors Area Node to be arranged within the scope of plant area to be monitored, for the haze situation within the scope of plant area to be monitored and sent
To monitoring side's gateway；The setting of plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node is in plant area periphery to be monitored, for the haze shape to plant area's surrounding
Condition is monitored and is sent to monitoring side's gateway；Monitoring side's gateway is arranged within the scope of plant area to be monitored, for by long-range
GPRS/3G technology, remote internet technology or long-range Beidou/satellite technology send recipient's gateway for monitoring data and connect
Receive its feedback information；Received monitoring data are uploaded to monitoring server by recipient's gateway, pass through interconnection for supervisor
Net or mobile terminal real-time monitoring and receive alarm, or relevant configuration and management carried out to monitoring net, release tasks movement and
Update monitoring frequency etc..
As shown in Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b), it includes the multiple basic prisons set gradually from inside to outside that plant area, which monitors Area Node,
Body is surveyed, and innermost layer fundamental surveillance body is disposed by the center of circle of plant area's pollution sources center of gravity to be monitored, while according to the half of monitoring region
Diameter carries out the recombinant of fundamental surveillance body, successively disposes until covering entire plant area's monitoring region；Plant area's periphery monitoring region section
Point is disposed using isosceles triangle using rectangle as basic unit, constitutes a stereoscopic monitoring net.
Shown in following Fig. 3, Fig. 4, entire plant area's monitoring Area Node deployment uses the structure of list Sink multistage cluster, uniquely
Ground configures a coordinator node, as the Sink node in entire plant area monitoring region, is responsible for logical between monitoring side's gateway
Letter, referred to as level-one cluster head, the node with routing function nearest from coordinator node is as second level cluster head, from the inside to the outside
Successively as three-level cluster head, level Four cluster head ..., N grades of leader cluster nodes.Leader cluster node and coordinator node have convergence and turn
The function of hair acts on more important, referred to as key node than common monitoring node.It, can be according to prison in actual monitoring application
The radius for surveying region reasonably carries out the recombinant of fundamental surveillance body, while to guarantee that the topological structure of regular hexagon does not occur
Variation.
As shown in figure 5, each fundamental surveillance body is by a data monitoring forward node (dark node in figure) and portion
Affix one's name to six data monitoring nodes (white nodes in figure) composition around data monitoring forward node, and each data monitoring section
Between point and the distance between each data monitoring node and data monitoring forward node are equal, and all nodes collectively form
Regular hexagon monitors body.In the present invention, 6 data monitoring nodes are the ordinary nodes for monitoring data, without data
Forwarding, does so the service life that can extend node；At a distance from 6 data monitoring nodes of 1 data monitoring forward node and other
It is equal, have routing function, it not only with monitoring data but also can forward data, serve as the effect of cluster head, receive surroundings nodes prison
The data of survey and forwarding.The benefit done so, the monitoring node for being primarily due to fundamental surveillance body are evenly distributed, and are fundamental surveillance
The data in body or even entire monitoring region, which accurately merge, to lay a good foundation；Secondly fundamental surveillance body has one and other sections
The all relatively equal aggregation node for undertaking cluster head function of point distance, convenient for energy consumption balance, total system energy conservation；Third is pair
Use static routing mode and aggregation node direct communication to reduce energy in the monitoring node for only undertaking monitoring function without routing
The consumption of amount, since monitoring node does not communicate between each other, the failure of any one monitoring node can not interrupt entire monitoring
The transfer function of system.
Wherein, the region that fundamental surveillance body can monitor according to actual needs is adjusted, if actual needs monitoring
Area be less than fundamental surveillance body area, just by adjusting the distance between fundamental surveillance body central node and surroundings nodes come
Achieve the purpose that it is equal with actual monitoring radius, if actual needs monitoring area be greater than fundamental surveillance body monitoring area
Mi Pu just is carried out to realize with fundamental surveillance body, while keeping regular hexagon topological structure constant.
As shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node includes the strip square for being deployed in plant area's surrounding to be monitored
Shape area monitoring body, each sensor node in the monitoring body are staggeredly placed in two long sides of strip rectangular area, and every
The center of three adjacent nodes constitutes an isosceles triangle.
Topological structure is monitored based on above-mentioned Internet of Things 3 D stereo, the present invention also provides a kind of monitorings of Internet of Things 3 D stereo
The reliability quantitative analysis method of topological structure comprising following steps:
1) plant area is disposed within the scope of plant area to be monitored and monitors Area Node, and determines that plant area monitors Area Node topology knot
The relevant parameter of structure.
Specifically, the following steps are included:
1.1) in list Sink multistage clustering architecture used by determining, the distance between adjacent cluster head and regular hexagon are basic
Monitor the relationship between the sample radius of body.
Guarantee to communicate between any two node, using single Sink multistage clustering architecture, single cluster internal sensor is passed
Breath deliver letters to leader cluster node, while perception data sends (i-1)-th layer of cluster head to by i-th layer of cluster head, wherein i=2,3..., k, one
Grade clustering architecture indicates the regular hexagon unit for being located at center, i.e. unit where coordinator node Sink.
In single Sink multistage clustering architecture, the distance between adjacent cluster head are as follows:
In formula, d is the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body.
1.2) according to the distance between obtained adjacent cluster head between the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body
Relationship determines the relationship between the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body and the perception radius of sensor node.
In total, in order to guarantee that sensor node covers entire hexagonal area, it is desirable that the sense of sensor node
Know that radius should be greater than the sample radius of fundamental surveillance body, i.e.,
RS≥d (2)
In formula, RsFor the perception radius of sensor node, can be obtained according to product description.
Simultaneously in order to meet connectivity, guarantee the normal communication between adjacent layer leader cluster node, it is desirable that sensor node
The perception radius need to be simultaneously greater than the distance of adjacent two cluster head, it may be assumed that
Convolution (2) and formula (3), obtain the perception radius R of sensor nodeSAre as follows:
That is, in order to ensure the covering and connectivity of network, the sample radius and sensor of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body
The relationship of the perception radius are as follows:
1.3) according to the relationship between the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body and the perception radius of sensor node,
Total number of plies N of plant area's monitoring Area Node topological structure and the perception radius of sensor and ideal monitoring region is calculated
The relationship of area.
Available from figure 4, plant area monitors total number of plies N of Area Node topological structure and adopting for regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body
Relationship between sample radius is as shown in table 1 below:
1 number of plies of table and sample radius relation table
| The number of plies (N) | Sample radius |
| 1 | d |
| 2 | 3d |
| 3 | 5d |
| 4 | 7d |
| … | … |
| i | (2*i-1)*d |
It can be obtained according to table 1, be met between number of plies N and ideal monitoring region area S:
S=π * [(2*N-1) * d]2 (6)
Then the number of plies can be calculated by formula (6):
Formula (5) substitution formula (7) can be obtained, plant area monitors the total number of plies N and sensor of Area Node topological structure
The relationship of the perception radius and ideal monitoring region area are as follows:
1.4) according to the perception radius and ideal monitoring section of total number of plies N of monitoring section domain topology structure and sensor
Leader cluster node number total in the total number of plies N and monitoring region of monitoring section domain topology structure is calculated in the relationship of domain area
NkeyRelationship.
If i-th layer of leader cluster node number is Nkey(i)
Then:
Nkey=6 (N-1)+3 (N-1) (N-2)+1, (>=1 N) (10)
Formula (10) abbreviation is obtained
Nkey=3N (N-1)+1 (11)
2) plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node is disposed in plant area's surrounding to be monitored, and determines plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node
The relevant parameter of topological structure.
It, will the features such as, wide coverage low using internet of things sensors node expense in order to improve the reliability of monitoring
For sensor node deployment in the periphery of monitored enterprise, influence of the real-time monitoring to ambient air quality can be only dirty from monitoring
Dye result is finally inversed by whether monitored enterprise has phenomena such as row, random row steathily.Peripheral region monitors first, it should meet all standing
The characteristics of；Secondly save the cost, so that periphery monitoring Area Node minimum number；It, will be outer under the premise of meeting above-mentioned requirements
The generally rectangular region composition of region equivalent Cheng Yousi block is enclosed, the model in generally rectangular region is illustrated in fig. 6 shown below.Define rectangle region
A length of L in domain, width W, area S, S=L*W, and L > > W, and assume the perception radius R of sensors> W.
2.1) according to the perception radius of the width of strip rectangular area and sensor node, strip rectangle region is calculated
The relationship of the perception radius of the neighborhood distance and sensor in domain.
Wherein, in the present invention, " neighborhood distance " refers to adjacent two nodes along between two centers of circle in rectangular zone length direction
Horizontal distance；" deployment of 1- covering isosceles triangle " refers to that by one group of the perception radius be RsNode be staggeredly placed in strip
The two sides of shape rectangular area, and the center per three adjacent nodes constitutes a triangle (as shown in Figure 7).
Guarantee the 1- all standing again to strip rectangular area, then
2.2) according to the relationship of the perception radius of the neighborhood distance of strip rectangular area and sensor, covering length is calculated
Degree is total node number N needed for the strip rectangular area of LexWith the relationship of the perception radius of sensor:
Nex=L/d (13)
2.3) it according to the relationship of the coverage density of strip rectangular area and total node number, is calculated and meets 1- repetition
Relationship between the neighborhood distance of cover fillet part and the perception radius of sensor node.
In the present invention, the coverage density (Coverage Density) of strip rectangular area refers to covering for whole nodes
Ratio of the sum of the capping product with the area in region to be covered, is denoted as ρ:
Namely:
From formula (16), it is desirable that NexMinimum value, that is, ask ρ to obtain minimum value, by formula (14) substitute into formula (16) change
Jian Ke get:
Differentiating can obtain, and ρ obtains minimum value, then
Formula (19) substitution formula (12) can be obtained
D=1.5Rs (20)
That is, setting the perception radius of detection zone inner sensor as Rs, number of nodes Nex, the length of strip rectangular area
For L, width W, then in neighborhood distance d=1.5Rs,When, it is able to achieve isosceles triangle 1- all standing again, and save
Points NexObtain minimum value, and node total number NexAre as follows: 2L/3Rs。
3) quantization point is carried out to the reliability of the multistage clustering architecture of plant area's monitoring Area Node within the scope of plant area to be monitored
Analysis, obtains the reliability of multistage cluster.
As shown in Fig. 8 (a), for the reliability block diagram of multistage clustering architecture, the entire region that monitors is a multistage clustering architecture,
Fail-safe analysis to it, can take complication system resolving into subsystems, then seek the reliability of each subsystem, most
The mode of recombinant carries out afterwards.Multistage clustering architecture can be abstracted into from the point of view of data convergence by k fundamental surveillance body Ci
The serial structure that (1≤i≤k) is constituted.
It is the reliability block diagram of each fundamental surveillance body, each fundamental surveillance body C as shown in Fig. 8 (b)i, by 1 cluster head
Node CHiWith m sensing node SiThe parallel organization that (1≤i≤m) is constituted.
It is by Fig. 8 (b) it is found that each clustering architecture is made of m sensing node and 1 leader cluster node parallel connection, then basic to supervise
Survey the reliability of body are as follows:
Entire internal monitoring region is made of k fundamental surveillance body, when they are effective simultaneously, entire internal monitoring region
It is only reliably, therefore the reliability of multistage clustering architecture are as follows:
4) quantitative analysis is carried out to the reliability of the remote transmission trunk with different redundancy structures.
Internet of Things remote transmission mode includes GPRS, 3G, internet, satellite communication, microwave, big-dipper satellite short message at present
The modes such as transmission.These communication modes cost, transferring content, performance, in terms of respectively have advantage and disadvantage, Internet of Things supervise
When examining system actual deployment, different transmission modes are selected to be transmitted according to the practical communication status in monitoring region, to mention
The reliability of high backbone transport.Such as remote satellite/Beidou or long-range GPRS/3G can be taken to be transmitted.
4.1) quantitative analysis is carried out to the reliability with parallel redundant system, obtains its reliability and mean time between failures
Time.
As shown in figure 9, for the backbone transport architecture diagram that remotely monitors, wherein GWMIt is monitoring section domain gateway, GWCIt is monitoring
Center gateway, Rs1, Rs2..., RsnIt is backbone transport link parallel with one another, is responsible for monitoring section domain gateway and monitoring center net
Bidirectional transfer of information between pass.The system is formed by n Components Parallel Connection, that is, just thinks that system is just lost when this n component all fails
Effect.The service life for enabling i-th of component is Xi, reliability Ri(t), i=1,2 ..., n. assumes X1,X2,...,XnIndependently of each other, then
The reliability of system is:
WhenThen
The average time between failures (mean time between failure, MTBF) of system is
As n=2 and Ri(t)=e-λtWhen dual redundant in parallel, formula (24), (25) are substituted into then
As n=3 and Ri(t)=e-λtWhen 3- parallel redundancy, then
4.2) quantitative analysis is carried out to the reliability for the voting redundant system for taking k in n, obtains its reliability and average event
Hinder interval time.
As shown in Figure 10, the reliability block diagram to decide by vote redundant system.The voting redundant system is made of n component, when
When having k is a or k is a to work normally in n component with upper-part, system just works normally (1 < k < n).I.e. when the component of failure
When more than or equal to n-k+1, thrashing.It is assumed that X1,X2,...,XnIt is the service life of this n component, they are mutually indepedent, and
The reliability of each component is R0(t)。
If all components of initial time start simultaneously at work, the reliability of system is
Work as R0(t)=e-λtWhen, then have
Work as n=3, in the voting system of k=2, substitutes into formula (29) then
Embodiment
The reliability of four kinds of different redundant systems is compared in the present embodiment, is respectively as follows: (1) 1 unit composition
System；The parallel system of (2) two units composition；The parallel system of (3) three units composition；(4) system that " 2 taken in 3 ".
As shown in Figure 11, Figure 12, the reliability and average time between failures for being different redundant systems are with failure rate λ's
Variation relation figure.
As shown in Figure 11, in the lower situation of failure rate, single system reliability is lower, but with the increase of failure rate, single
System reliability improves, followed by 3- parallel redundant system, and it is finally 2- parallel redundant system that 3-2, which decides by vote redundant system,.By
Figure 12 it is found that 3- parallel redundant system mean down time interval MTBF highest, followed by 2- parallel redundant system, monosystem
System is finally 3-2 voting redundant system.Therefore, remote transmission trunk is fully considering the factors such as ambient weather, interference to can
By the influence of property, when choosing, the mode of 3- parallel redundancy is selected as far as possible, can both extend average mean down time interval,
The reliability of Internet of Things remote supervision system backbone transport part can be improved again.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, wherein the structure of each component, connection type and manufacture craft etc. are all
It can be varied, all equivalents and improvement carried out based on the technical solution of the present invention should not exclude
Except protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitors topological structure, it is characterised in that: it includes plant area's monitoring Area Node, plant area's week
Enclose monitoring Area Node, monitoring side's gateway, recipient's gateway and monitoring server；
Plant area's monitoring Area Node is arranged within the scope of plant area to be monitored, for the haze shape within the scope of plant area to be monitored
Condition is monitored and is sent to monitoring side's gateway；
Plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node setting is in plant area periphery to be monitored, for the haze shape to plant area's surrounding to be monitored
Condition is monitored and is sent to monitoring side's gateway；
Monitoring side's gateway is arranged within the scope of plant area to be monitored, for passing through long-range GPRS/3G technology, remote internet skill
Art or long-range Beidou/satellite technology send recipient's gateway for monitoring data and receive its feedback information；
Received monitoring data are uploaded to the monitoring server by recipient's gateway, pass through internet for supervisor
Or mobile terminal real-time monitoring and alarm is received, or relevant configuration and management carried out to monitoring net, release tasks movement and more
New monitoring frequency.
2. a kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo as described in claim 1 monitors topological structure, it is characterised in that: plant area's monitoring
Area Node deployment uses the structure of list Sink multistage cluster, and the fundamental surveillance body of innermost layer is with plant area's pollution sources center of gravity to be monitored
Center of circle deployment, other each layer fundamental surveillance bodies are successively disposed until covering entire plant area's monitoring to be monitored region；The innermost layer
A coordinator node is configured in fundamental surveillance body, as the Sink node in entire plant area monitoring region, is responsible for and the monitoring
Communication between square gateway, referred to as level-one cluster head；In each fundamental surveillance body of the second layer nearest from the coordinator node
Node with routing function is as second level cluster head；Each fundamental surveillance of other each layers is intracorporal from inside to outside has routing function
Node be successively used as three-level cluster head, level Four cluster head until N grades of leader cluster nodes.
3. a kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo as claimed in claim 2 monitors topological structure, it is characterised in that: the fundamental surveillance
Body is by a data monitoring forward node and six data monitoring nodes being deployed in around the data monitoring forward node
Composition, and between each data monitoring node and between each data monitoring node and the data monitoring forward node
Distance be equal, all nodes collectively form regular hexagon monitoring body.
4. a kind of Internet of Things 3 D stereo as described in claim 1 monitors topological structure, it is characterised in that: around the plant area
Monitoring Area Node includes the strip rectangular area monitoring body for being deployed in plant area's surrounding to be monitored, and the rectangular area monitors body
In each sensor node be staggeredly placed in two long sides of strip rectangular area, and the center structure per three adjacent nodes
At an isosceles triangle.
5. a kind of such as a kind of described in any item reliability amounts of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure of Claims 1 to 4
Change analysis method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) plant area is disposed within the scope of plant area to be monitored and monitors Area Node, and determines plant area's monitoring Area Node topological structure
Relevant parameter；
2) plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node is disposed in plant area's surrounding to be monitored, and determines plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node topology
The relevant parameter of structure；
3) quantitative analysis is carried out to the reliability of the multistage clustering architecture of plant area's monitoring Area Node within the scope of plant area to be monitored, obtained
To its reliability；
4) quantitative analysis is carried out to the reliability of the remote transmission trunk with different redundancy structures.
6. a kind of reliability quantitative analysis method of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure as claimed in claim 5,
It is characterized in that: in the step 1), plant area is disposed within the scope of plant area to be monitored and monitors Area Node, and determines plant area monitoring section
The method of the relevant parameter of domain node topological structure, comprising the following steps:
1.1) in list Sink multistage clustering architecture used by determining, the distance between adjacent cluster head and regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body
Sample radius between relationship:
In formula, d is the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body；
1.2) relationship according to the distance between obtained adjacent cluster head between the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body,
Determine the relationship between the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body and the perception radius of sensor node:
In formula, RsFor the perception radius of sensor node；
1.3) it according to the relationship between the sample radius of regular hexagon fundamental surveillance body and the perception radius of sensor node, calculates
The perception radius and ideal of the total number of plies N and sensor that obtain plant area's monitoring Area Node topological structure monitor region area
Relationship:
In formula, S is ideal monitoring region area；
1.4) according to the perception radius and ideal monitoring region area of total number of plies N of monitoring section domain topology structure and sensor
Relationship, total leader cluster node number N in the total number of plies N and monitoring region of monitoring section domain topology structure is calculatedkeyPass
System:
Nkey=3N (N-1)+1.
7. a kind of reliability quantitative analysis method of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure as claimed in claim 5,
It is characterized in that: in the step 2), disposing plant area's periphery monitoring Area Node in plant area's surrounding to be monitored, and determine around plant area
The method for monitoring the relevant parameter of Area Node topological structure, comprising the following steps:
2.1) according to the perception radius of the width of strip rectangular area and sensor node, strip rectangular area is calculated
The relationship of the perception radius of neighborhood distance and sensor:
In formula, W is the width of strip rectangular area, RsFor the perception radius of sensor node, d is strip rectangular area
Neighborhood distance；
2.2) according to the relationship of the perception radius of the neighborhood distance of strip rectangular area and sensor, overlay length, which is calculated, is
Total node number N needed for the strip rectangular area of LexWith the relationship of the perception radius of sensor:
In formula, L is the length of strip rectangular area；
2.3) it according to the relationship of the coverage density of strip rectangular area and total node number, is calculated and meets 1- repetition cover fillet part
Neighborhood distance and sensor node the perception radius between relationship:
D=1.5Rs。
8. a kind of reliability quantitative analysis method of Internet of Things 3 D stereo monitoring topological structure as claimed in claim 5,
It is characterized in that: in the step 4), quantitative analysis being carried out to the reliability of the remote transmission trunk with different redundancy structures
Method, comprising the following steps:
4.1) quantitative analysis is carried out to the reliability with parallel redundant system, when obtaining its reliability and mean time between failures
Between；
The reliability of system are as follows:
In formula, n is the components number of parallel redundant system, Ri(t), i=1,2 ..., n is the reliability of all parts；
WhenThen
The average time between failures of system are as follows:
4.2) quantitative analysis is carried out to the reliability for the voting redundant system for taking k in n, obtains its reliability and mean time between failures
Time；
If all components of initial time start simultaneously at work, the reliability of system is
In formula, X1,X2,...,XnIt is the service life X of n component in systemi；
Work as R0(t)=e-λtWhen, then have
In formula, λ is failure rate.
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