CN109617586B - Terahertz wireless personal area network rapid beam forming method based on position information - Google Patents

Terahertz wireless personal area network rapid beam forming method based on position information Download PDF

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CN109617586B
CN109617586B CN201811473853.1A CN201811473853A CN109617586B CN 109617586 B CN109617586 B CN 109617586B CN 201811473853 A CN201811473853 A CN 201811473853A CN 109617586 B CN109617586 B CN 109617586B
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pnc
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CN109617586A (en
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任智
邱钟维
李其超
曹建玲
姚玉坤
宋威威
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a terahertz wireless personal area network rapid beam forming method based on position information, and aims to solve the problems of large control overhead and more time consumption of the existing related beam forming method. The method comprises two new mechanisms of reducing beam training frames based on node relative position information and adaptively shortening the length of a Beacon frame based on the node position information. The method mainly comprises the following steps: the PNC adaptively adds IDs and allocated time slot information of a source DEV and a destination DEV which may appear in each sector in a Beacon frame sent by each sector; when a source DEV performs beamforming on a destination DEV, the source DEV performs beamforming from a quadrant in which the destination DEV may appear, via relative location information obtained from the PNC with respect to the destination DEV. The method can integrally reduce the control overhead and operation of the beamforming process on the premise of ensuring the beamforming effect, shorten the time for the beamforming process and improve the efficiency of the terahertz wireless personal area network directional MAC protocol.

Description

Terahertz wireless personal area network rapid beam forming method based on position information
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz wireless personal area networks (Terahertz Wireless personal area networks), and particularly relates to a terahertz wireless personal area network in which transmitting and receiving nodes use a directional antenna and a beam forming method for data communication.
Background
The terahertz wireless personal area network (the topological diagram of which is shown in the attached figure 1 in the specification) is a novel wireless network and supports data transmission rate of more than 10Gbps and even 1 Tbps. The frequency band of the terahertz wave is wide, most of the terahertz wave is not distributed for use, the terahertz wave can bear data volume above Gbps, the terahertz wireless personal area network is used for communication, increasingly tense frequency spectrum resources and the capacity limit of a current wireless system can be effectively relieved, and the terahertz wave broadband wireless personal area network has wide application prospect.
Because the frequency of the terahertz frequency band is very high, the path loss of the electromagnetic wave of the frequency band is large when the electromagnetic wave propagates in the free space. The terahertz wireless personal area network is within a certain power range, and the omnidirectional transmission range of terahertz is less than 1 m; if the sending end adopts a directional sending mode and the receiving end adopts an omnidirectional receiving mode, the communication range is only 2 meters; if the sending end adopts directional sending, and the receiving end adopts a directional receiving mode, the communication distance can reach more than 10 meters. In order to increase the communication distance of the nodes, the transceiver devices in the terahertz wireless personal area network are prone to directional communication and beam forming.
The beam forming can concentrate the transmitted energy in a specific direction, so that the transmitted power in a certain direction is increased, and the transmitted power in other directions is close to zero, thereby achieving the effect of expanding the communication distance. Compared with omni-directional transmission, directional transmission can achieve the effect of longer communication distance in a specific direction under the condition of the same total transmission power. High-precision beam forming is adopted in the terahertz wireless personal area network, so that high path attenuation of terahertz signals can be effectively compensated, and a beam forming method is usually adopted in a directional access protocol of the terahertz wireless personal area network, so that two nodes are enabled to be in a directional disordered state to a mutual directional state.
The major difference between the thz wireless personal area network and the conventional wireless personal area network is the high path loss during high-frequency band transmission, so the device antenna in the thz wireless personal area network has high directivity and requires controllability, so the thz wireless personal area network MAC protocol should include beam steering as a main part.
Theoretical discussion of MAC Layer technology aspects of the terahertz communication of SebastionPriebe (see document [1]: SebastionP. MAC Layer configurations for THz Communications [ EB/OL ]. March 2013[2016-04-01], https:// mentor. ie. org/802.15/dcn/13/15-13-0119-00-0 THz-MAC-Layer-configurations-for-THz-communications.pdf), indicating that a corresponding MAC access scheme should be designed according to the usage model of the terahertz communication by analyzing the functions of the MAC Layer for various purposes, and suggesting a terahertz Personal Area network access method with IEEE802.15.3c standard (see document [2]: IEEE802.15.3 c-patent 15.3: IEEE Wireless network hardware for IEEE Wireless network (MAC) network Interface (IEEE) network interface 2 and hardware for Wireless network access, 2009) or an access method defined by the ieee802.11ad standard is used as a reference, a new protocol is modified and formed on the reference, and the technologies of beamforming, frame aggregation and the like of the existing related access method can be considered and utilized. He also points out in this document: the control overhead of the access method defined by ieee802.15.3c is less than the control overhead of the access method defined by ieee802.11ad.
The IEEE802.15.3c standard proposes codebook-based beamforming (see document [3 ]: IEEE Standard802.15.3c-2009-Part 15.3: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specificities for High Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) evaluation 2: Millimeter-wave-based adaptive Physical Layer Extension [ S ] IEEE Computer Society,2009:159-161 ]) the beamforming method is divided into three stages: 1. quasi-omni-level beamforming; 2. sector level beamforming; 3. beam-level beamforming. The method comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out quasi-omnidirectional level beam forming, determining a range after the quasi-omnidirectional level beam forming is finished, then carrying out sector level beam forming in the range, and then carrying out the sector level beam forming again in the range determined by the sector level beam forming after the sector level beam forming is finished, and finally finishing the beam level alignment. The three stages correspond to different beam forming area divisions, the directional gains of the three stages are sequentially increased, the coverage area is sequentially reduced, and beam forming of any stage can be carried out only after beam forming of the previous stage is completed.
The IEEE802.11ad standard also defines beamforming methods, which are generally classified into two levels: firstly, wave beam forming at sector level; ② beam forming of beam level. And a similar beam scanning approach as in document [1] is taken at each level of beamforming detail. (see document [4 ]: IEEE802.11 ad-2012-Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications evaluation 3: evaluation for Very High Throughput in the 60GHz Band [ S ]. IEEE Computer Society,2012: 221-.
Hsi-Lu Chao proposes a method for aligning coordinate axes of DEVs in a network with a PNC (picoNet Controller) as a coordinate origin (see document [5 ]: Chao H L, Hsu M P.CTAP-Minimized Scheduling Algorithm for Millimeter-Wave-Based Wireless Personal areas Networks [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on vehicle Technology,2011,60(8): 3840) 3852).
Terahertz communication faces higher path loss, which is one of the greatest challenges of terahertz communication, and the use of a high-gain antenna is the most important way to compensate for high path loss. However, if the transceiving ends all use the high-gain directional method, a lot of time is consumed for beamforming.
Guank proposes a scene that a carriage running at high speed in a high-speed rail communicates with a roadside base station by adopting a terahertz frequency band, a scene that the roadside terahertz base station communicates with each other, a scene that a mobile device of a passenger in the carriage communicates with a network access point at the top of the carriage by adopting the terahertz frequency band, and provides suggestions for the design of a terahertz MAC protocol under the scenes. (see document [6 ]: Guan K, Li G, Kuerner T, et al. on Millimeter Wave and THz Mobile Radio Channel for Smart Rail Mobility [ J ]. IEEETransactions on Vehicular technology, July2017,66(7):5658-
In summary, people have already developed some developments in the research on the terahertz wireless personal area network access method for a while, shortening the time consumed by beamforming, reducing the beamforming overhead, and the like. However, intensive research shows that the existing terahertz wireless personal area network beamforming method still has some problems affecting beamforming performance, which are as follows:
(1) in a terahertz wireless personal area network, when two DEVs which want to transmit data carry out beam forming, the DEV which transmits the data transmits n (n is equal to the total number of sectors) beam training frames in each sector; since the data-receiving DEVs will only exist in certain sectors, it is not necessary for other sectors that are not possible for the data-transmitting DEVs to transmit beam training frames in their direction, thus leading to control overhead and redundancy in run-time.
(2) In the Beacon period of each superframe, the PNC broadcasts n (n equals to the total number of sectors) Beacon frames in each sector (at this time, the Beacon frames have the function of beamforming and do not need to broadcast special beam training frames any more), and the Beacon frames contain the IDs of all DEVs allocated with time slots and the obtained time slot numbers; when a PNC broadcasts a Beacon frame in a sector, for DEVs which are not in the sector and obtain time slots, the ID and the obtained time slot number of the DEVs are not necessarily contained in the Beacon frame (since the DEVs are not in the sector, the Beacon frame cannot be received), but the Beacon frame used by the current related method contains the ID and the obtained time slot number of the DEVs, so that redundancy exists in the length of the Beacon frame, and redundant control overhead and frame transmission time are brought.
Due to the problems, redundancy exists in the aspects of control overhead and time consumption in the conventional terahertz wireless personal area network beamforming method, so that the performance of terahertz wireless personal area network beamforming is influenced. In order to reduce the control overhead and the time for the beamforming process, it is necessary to propose a new beamforming method to solve them, and the present invention will propose a feasible solution to these problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a terahertz wireless personal area network rapid beam forming method based on position information, which comprises two new mechanisms of reducing a beam training frame based on node relative position information and adaptively shortening the length of a Beacon frame based on the node position information. By judging the relative position information among DEVs, the beam training frame sent by the data frame source node in the beam forming process is reduced in a self-adaptive mode, compared with the existing terahertz wireless personal area network beam forming method, the same beam forming effect can be achieved with less control overhead, and the time used in the beam forming process can be reduced on the whole. According to the distribution information of DEVs in the network, when the PNC sends the Beacon frame, the time slot allocation information is added in the Beacon frame in a self-adaptive mode, the control overhead of the network can be reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the network is improved on the whole.
The terahertz wireless personal area network efficient and rapid beam forming method based on the position information is used in a terahertz wireless personal area network MAC protocol, the terahertz wireless personal area network MAC protocol divides network nodes into a PNC (PicoNet Controller) and a DEV (Device) from the aspect of logic functions, and the terahertz wireless personal area network MAC protocol has the following characteristics: the nodes can directly communicate with each other; when the nodes communicate with each other, the nodes use the communication modes of directional sending and directional receiving no matter transmit and receive data frames or control frames; the node in the network supports an RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) mechanism, and can judge the distance between the node and the wireless Signal transmission and reception through the Strength of the Received Signal; the terahertz wireless personal area network MAC protocol generally divides the network running time into a plurality of continuous superframes (a superframe structure diagram is shown in the specification and is shown in figure 2); each superframe lasts for a Period of time, and consists of three periods of Beacon, CAP (ContentionAccess Period) and ctap (channel time allocation Period); wherein, the CAP time period consists of two sub-time periods of Association S-CAP and Regular S-CAP; the CTAP period is composed of a plurality of CTA subintervals, and each pair of nodes transmits a data frame in the CTA subinterval; each CTA is composed of two parts, namely Beamforming CTA time period for Beamforming and Data Connection CTA for Data transmission.
First, the basic idea and main operation of the new mechanism proposed by the present invention
The basic idea and main operation of two new mechanisms of 'reducing beam training frames based on node relative position information' and 'adaptively shortening Beacon frame length based on node position information' proposed by the invention are specifically introduced below.
1. Reducing beam training frames based on node relative position information
In the existing terahertz MAC protocol, when two DEVs that need to transmit and receive data perform beamforming, an active DEV may transmit n (n equals to the total number of sectors) beam training frames in each sector; while the destination DEV will only exist in 1 sector, it is not necessary for the source DEV to transmit the beam training frame through each sector for the other n-1 sectors. The source DEV typically scans from the default 1 st sector, while the destination DEV is not necessarily in the 1 st sector, and may exist in a sector within a quadrant; if the location information between DEVs can be used to determine that scanning from the sector in the quadrant where the DEV of interest is likely to be located, beamforming can be done with less control overhead and faster speed.
The basic idea of reducing the beam training frame based on the relative position information of the nodes is as follows: the PNC determines the position information of each DEV according to the DEV network access application or time slot application frame received in the CAP period, wherein the position information comprises sector information and distance information; if the source DEV sends a time slot request frame to the PNC for a time slot in the Regular S-CAP period, the PNC calculates the relative location information of the source DEV and the destination DEV according to the learned DEV location information, and then puts the information into a time slot request reply frame to inform the source DEV.
When a source DEV performs a sector sweep (sends a beam training frame), it starts the sweep from the first sector of the quadrant where it knows the destination DEV is located; then, 1 sector receiving time slot is waited; if the beam training frame sent by the target DEV is received, finishing and ending the beam forming process; if not, the operation of the beamforming process is continued according to the existing mechanism from the next sector of the current sector.
According to the above thought, on the premise of not affecting the beamforming effect, the source DEV can complete the beamforming operation with the destination DEV more quickly, and unconditional traversal of each sector is avoided, so that the transmission of the beam training frame is reduced on the whole, and the time used in the beamforming process is shortened.
The main operation is as follows:
(1) in the Beacon period, the PNC circularly rotates to send n Beacon frames (n is equal to the total number of sectors) in each divided sector, and each DEV circularly rotates to receive the Beacon frames in the divided sectors. Upon receiving the Beacon frame, the DEV may determine the sector in which the PNC is located.
(2) During Association S-CAP sub-period, the PNC builds a "location-info" table (the table structure is shown in fig. 4 of the specification), which contains the following fields: the ID of the DEV, the distance between the PNC and the DEV, the sector number of the DEV, the time when the DEV is known to be a distance, and the ID of the target DEV. The method comprises the steps that a plurality of pieces of information for applying for network entry are sent by DEVs in sectors where PNCs are located, at the moment, the PNCs circularly rotate to monitor received information in each sector, after the information for applying sent by the DEVs is received, the PNCs determine the distance between the DEVs and the PNCs, the sector numbers of the DEVs where the DEVs are located and the time when the DEVs are located through a physical layer RSSI mechanism, and store the time into a position-information table.
(3) In the Regular S-CAP sub-period, the DEV with data transmission will apply for a timeslot from the PNC, and after receiving a timeslot request frame sent by the DEV, the PNC updates the location information of the DEV in the "location-information" table by the location information acquired by the physical layer RSSI mechanism, and then determines the relative location relationship of each DEV.
The judgment method comprises the following steps:
1) if the PNC is a coordinate axis with the origin, the quadrant of the PNC where the destination DEV is located is a quadrant of an extension line of the source DEV and the PNC, namely if the source DEV is in the first quadrant, the destination DEV is in the third quadrant; if the source DEV is in the second quadrant, the destination DEV is in the fourth quadrant; if the source DEV is in the third quadrant, the destination DEV is in the first quadrant; if the source DEV is in the fourth quadrant, the destination DEV is in the second quadrant; the relative position information is the quadrant of the PNC in which the destination DEV is located.
2) If the source DEV is located in the adjacent quadrant of the destination DEV, the following scenario is discussed:
if the source DEV is located in a first quadrant and the destination DEV is located in a second quadrant, the relative position information is the left half zone (two and three quadrants); if the destination DEV is located in the fourth quadrant, the relative position information is the lower half area (two and three quadrants).
If the source DEV is located in the second quadrant and the destination DEV is located in the first quadrant, the relative position information is the right half zone (a four quadrant); if the destination DEV is located in the third quadrant, the relative position information is the lower half area (three-four quadrant).
If the source DEV is located in the third quadrant and the destination DEV is located in the second quadrant, the relative position information is the upper half zone (two quadrants); if the destination DEV is located in the fourth quadrant, the relative position information is the right half area (a fourth quadrant).
If the source DEV is located in the fourth quadrant and the destination DEV is located in the first quadrant, the relative position information is the upper half zone (two quadrants); if the destination DEV is located in the third quadrant, the relative position information is the left half area (two and three quadrants).
3) If the source DEV and the destination DEV exist in the same quadrant, the following discussion is divided.
If the destination DEV is in a sector with the source DEV, the method is determined as follows:
if the source DEV and the destination DEV are located in a first quadrant, the relative position information is two or four quadrants if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, otherwise, the relative position information is two or three or four quadrants;
if the source DEV and the destination DEV are located in a second quadrant, the relative position information is one, two, three quadrants if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, otherwise, one, three, four quadrants;
if the source DEV and the destination DEV are located in a third quadrant, the relative location information is two, three, or four quadrants if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, otherwise, the relative location information is two, or four quadrants;
if the source DEV and the destination DEV are located in the fourth quadrant, the relative location information is one three four quadrants if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, otherwise is one two three quadrants;
if the destination DEV is different from the source DEV in a sector, the method comprises the following steps:
if the source DEV and the destination DEV are located in a first quadrant, and if the sector number of the PNC where the destination DEV is located is larger than the sector number of the PNC where the source DEV is located, the following judgment is made: if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, the relative position information is the upper half (two quadrants) of the axis of the source DEV, whereas the position information is the left half (two three quadrants) of the axis of the source DEV. If the sector number of the PNC where the destination DEV is located is less than the sector number of the PNC where the source DEV is located, then the following determination is made: if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, the relative position information is the right half zone (one four quadrants) of the axis of the source DEV, whereas the position information is the lower half zone (three four quadrants) of the axis of the source DEV.
If the source DEV and the destination DEV are located in the second quadrant, and if the sector number of the PNC where the destination DEV is located is larger than the sector number of the PNC where the source DEV is located, the following judgment is made: if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, the relative position information is the left half of the axis of the source DEV (two three quadrants), whereas the position information is the lower half of the axis of the source DEV (three four quadrants). If the sector number of the PNC where the destination DEV is located is less than the sector number of the PNC where the source DEV is located, then the following determination is made: if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, the relative position information is the upper half (one-quadrant) of the axis of the source DEV, whereas the position information is the right half (one-four quadrant) of the axis of the source DEV.
If the source DEV and the destination DEV are located in a third quadrant, and if the sector number of the PNC where the destination DEV is located is larger than the sector number of the PNC where the source DEV is located, the following judgment is made: if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, the relative position information is the lower half of the axis of the source DEV (three four quadrants), otherwise the position information is the right half of the axis of the source DEV (one four quadrants). If the sector number of the PNC where the destination DEV is located is less than the sector number of the PNC where the source DEV is located, then the following determination is made: if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, then the relative position information is the left half of the axis of the source DEV (two or three quadrants), whereas the position information is the top half of the axis of the source DEV (two or two quadrants).
If the source DEV and the destination DEV are located in the fourth quadrant, and if the sector number of the PNC where the destination DEV is located is larger than the sector number of the PNC where the source DEV is located, the following judgment is made: if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, the relative position information is the right half zone (one quadrant) of the axis of the source DEV, whereas the position information is the upper half zone (one quadrant) of the axis of the source DEV. If the sector number of the PNC where the destination DEV is located is less than the sector number of the PNC where the source DEV is located, then the following determination is made: if the distance between the destination DEV and the PNC is greater than the distance between the source DEV and the PNC, then the relative position information is the lower half of the axis of the source DEV (three-four quadrants), whereas the position information is the left half of the axis of the source DEV (two-three quadrants).
(4) The PNC piggybacks quadrant information to the DEV1 upon replying to a slot request frame of the DEV 1. The first four bits of the Index Stream field of the frame Header MAC Header (the Header structure of the MAC Header is shown in fig. 4 of the specification) correspond to quadrants 1 to 4, respectively, where 0 in each bit indicates that the quadrant does not need to perform beamforming, and 1 indicates that beamforming is needed, and the quadrant information is piggybacked to the DEV1 through the field.
(5) In the CTAP period, DEV1 performs beam forming on the sectors in the quadrants by extracting quadrant information, DEV2 circularly rotates in the sector of itself to receive DEV1 to transmit a training frame, and selects the sector where DEV1 is located to transmit the beam training frame. The DEV1 waits for 1 sector reception slot, and if the beam training frame sent by the DEV2 is received, selects the sector where the DEV2 is located according to the reception condition of the beam training frame and ends the beamforming process; if not, the operation of the beamforming process is continued according to the existing mechanism from the next sector of the current sector.
2. Adaptive shortening Beacon frame length based on node position information
According to the existing terahertz MAC protocol, a Beacon frame broadcast by a PNC (public data network) comprises identifications (ID or address) and time slot allocation information of all DEVs allocated with time slots, and the length of the Beacon frame is kept unchanged; however, each sector will not typically distribute all the DEVs assigned slots, even some sectors will not have DEVs assigned slots; this results in that in sectors of DEVs for which no time slot is allocated, the Beacon frame broadcast by the PNC does not necessarily contain the time slot allocation information of those DEVs, thereby creating redundant control overhead and frame delay; because: if a DEV is not in the current sector, it is useless and unnecessary to broadcast the DEV's slot allocation information in the current sector.
The idea of the new mechanism of self-adaptively shortening the Beacon frame length based on the node position information is as follows: the PNC creates a "sector-DEV table" (the table structure is shown in fig. 6 of the specification) indexed by sector number, and records the IDs of the source DEV and its destination DEV to which the time slot is allocated, which may appear, under the entry of each sector number. In the Beacon period, before broadcasting the Beacon frame to a sector, the PNC queries a 'sector-DEV table', loads the ID of the DEV in the sector number table and the related timeslot allocation information into the Beacon frame, and then broadcasts the Beacon frame. In a CAP period (including Association S-CAP and Regular S-CAP periods), if a PNC receives a frame sent by a DEV, the PNC determines a sector where the DEV is located according to a sector receiving signals of the PNC, obtains the distance between the DEV and the PNC according to an RSSI mechanism, and records the time when distance information is obtained; thereafter, at the beginning of the last CTA of the CTAP period of the current superframe, the PNC begins according to the maximum rate of motion v of the node, which is known in advancemaxCalculating the range of the sectors which are possible to appear in the source DEV and the destination DEV which are allocated with the time slot in the Beacon period; in most cases, this sector range is less than the coverage of all sectors; then, the PNC fills the IDs of the source DEV and the destination DEV, to which the slot is allocated, into entries corresponding to the numbers of sectors in the "sector-DEV table" where they may occur. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the function of announcing the time slot allocation information, the PNC does not need to broadcast a complete Beacon frame containing all the time slot allocation information in each sector, thereby adaptively shortening the length of the Beacon frame and reducing the control overhead.
The main operation is as follows:
(1) in the Beacon period, the PNC queries a sector-DEV table when each sector transmits a Beacon frame, and puts the time slot information of the DEV corresponding to the sector in the sector-DEV table in the Beacon frame transmitted in the sector.
(2) In Association S-CAP sub-period, the PNC determines the distance between the sector where the DEV is located and the PNC through a physical layer RSSI mechanism, and the PNC acquires the time of the distance between the DEV and the sector, and establishes a 'position-information' table in advance and stores the information into the table. The pre-established "location-information" table contains the following information: the ID of the DEV, the distance between the PNC and the DEV, the sector number of the DEV, the time when the DEV is known to be away from the DEV, and the ID of the target DEV;
(3) in the Regular S-CAP sub-period, when the DEV has data transmission, a channel slot request frame is sent to the PNC, the PNC can determine the ID of the DEV, which needs to perform data transmission, through the channel slot request frame sent by the DEV, and store the ID in the location-information table, and the PNC sends the channel slot request frame through the DEV to update the information in the location-information table where the DEV is located.
(4) At the beginning of the last slot of the CTAP period, the PNC looks up the location information of the source DEV ID having data to send in the "location-information" table, based on the maximum velocity of movement v of the node known in advance by the PNCmaxAnd the angle of each sector is α, the range of sectors where the source DEV assigned a slot within the next superframe is likely to appear is calculated (calculation method see below); in most cases, this sector range is less than the coverage of all sectors; then, the PNC fills the ID of the source DEV to which the slot is allocated into the entry corresponding to the number of the sector where they may appear in the "sector-DEV table", inquires the location information of the ID of the destination DEV corresponding to the ID of the source DEV in the "location-information" table, calculates the range of the sector where the destination DEV may appear in the same way, and fills in the "sector-DEV table".
The calculation method is as follows:
as shown in the coordinate axis established by the PNC (FIG. 7) in the specification, from the "location-information" table, it can be seen that the distance between the DEV and the PNC is a, the sector where the DEV is located is n, the opening angle of each sector is alpha, the possible location of the DEV is an arc located at the radius of the sector a, and the DEV is located in the "location-information"The time between exterior and interior is t1The starting time of the last time slot of the CTAP period and the current time acquired by the PNC are t2Maximum speed of DEV operation is vmax. Then the distance L of DEV motion during the time from Regular S-CAP to Beacon period equals vmax(t2-t1)。
If L is greater than or equal to a, the slot allocation information of the DEV is put into each sector in the sector-DEV table.
If L is less than a, the following judgment is made:
if it is not
Figure BDA0001891686690000091
Then the possible sector numbers for this DEV are:
Figure BDA0001891686690000092
and
Figure BDA0001891686690000093
if it is not
Figure BDA0001891686690000094
Then the possible sector numbers for this DEV are:
Figure BDA0001891686690000095
and
Figure BDA0001891686690000096
otherwise the possible sector numbers for this DEV to appear are:
Figure BDA0001891686690000101
(II) the main operation of the terahertz wireless personal area network high-efficiency rapid beam forming method provided by the invention
The terahertz wireless personal area network access protocol generally divides the network operation time into a plurality of continuous superframes, and each superframe consists of three periods of Beacon, CAP and CTAP; the CAP period consists of two sub-periods of Association S-CAP and Regular S-CAP, wherein the CTAP period consists of a plurality of CTA sub-periods, and each CTA sub-period consists of two parts of Beamforming CTA and Data Connection CTA (respectively used for Beamforming and Data transmission); the efficient and rapid beam forming method provided by the invention has the following main operation steps:
s1: in the Beacon time period, the PNC circularly rotates to send Beacon frames to each sector, and the number of the Beacon frames sent by each sector is divided into the number of the sectors. When each sector sends a Beacon frame, the PNC inquires a sector-DEV table, and puts the time slot allocation information of the DEV corresponding to the sector in the table in the Beacon frame sent by the sector. The DEV rotates cyclically to receive the Beacon frame within the divided sectors. After the cyclic rotation receives the Beacon frame, the DEV may determine which sector of its own the PNC is located in.
S2: in Association S-CAP sub-period, the DEV receiving the Beacon frame sends an Association access request frame in the sub-period, and sends the Association access request on the sector where the PNC is located. The PNC circularly rotates to monitor association request information in each sector, and when the PNC sector receives an association network access request frame sent by the DEV, the PNC establishes a 'position-information' table which comprises: DEV ID, distance between the PNC and the DEV, sector number of the DEV, time of day when the DEV distance is known, and destination DEV ID. The PNC may determine the distance of the DEV from itself, the sector in which the DEV is located, the time when the DEV is aware of the distance, and then fill this information into the "location-information" table, via the physical layer RSSI mechanism.
S3: in the Regular S-CAP sub-period, the DEV with data transmission will send a time slot request frame to the PNC in the period to apply for time slot for data transmission. The PNC updates the location information of the DEV by the received slot request frame, stores the ID number of the destination DEV in the DEV slot request frame in the table, calculates the relative location relationship between the source DEV and the destination DEV according to the established 'location-information' table, and piggybacks the information to the source DEV in the MAC header of the request reply frame.
S4: in a CTAP period, a source DEV requests a PNC to request quadrant progress beam forming contained in position information in a reply frame, the source DEV waits for 1 sector receiving time slot, if a beam training frame sent by a target DEV is received, a sector where the source DEV is located is selected according to the receiving condition of the beam training frame, and a beam forming process is ended; if not, the operation of the beamforming process is continued according to the existing mechanism from the next sector of the current sector. After the beamforming with the target DEV is completed, data transmission is performed.
S5: when the last time slot in CTAP of the current superframe starts, the PNC inquires the position information of the source DEVID sent by data in a position-information table, and the PNC calculates the range of sectors which are possible to appear in the source DEV distributed with the time slot in the next superframe according to the maximum motion rate Vmax of the node known in advance; in most cases, this sector range is less than the coverage of all sectors; then, the PNC fills the ID of the source DEVs assigned the slot into entries corresponding to the sector numbers of their possible occurrences in the "sector-DEV table". The location information of the ID of the destination DEV corresponding to the source DEV ID in the location-information table is queried, and the same method is used to calculate the range of sectors where the destination DEV may appear and fill in the sector-DEV table.
The new mechanism 1- "reduce the beam training frame based on the relative position information of the node" provided by the invention mainly operates in the steps of S2, S3 and S4, and the new mechanism 2- "adaptively shorten the Beacon frame length based on the position information of the node" mainly operates in the steps of S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5.
(III) advantageous effects of the invention
The terahertz wireless personal area network efficient and rapid beam forming method based on the position information can reduce the control overhead and operation of the beam forming process and shorten the time used in the beam forming process on the premise of ensuring the beam forming effect, thereby reducing the control overhead of the ultra-high-speed wireless personal area network directional access protocol on the whole and being beneficial to shortening the transmission delay of a data frame.
The invention reduces the control overhead and operation of the beam forming process, and shortens the beneficial effect of the beam forming process mainly from the following two aspects:
(1) after a new mechanism of reducing beam training frames based on node relative position information is adopted, the source DEV can reduce the beam forming range, and the number of sectors for carrying out beam forming operation is at least 2/n of the number of scanning sectors n of the existing terahertz wireless personal area network MAC protocol under the condition that nodes are randomly and uniformly distributed2And the sent beam training frames are obviously reduced, so that the control overhead and operation of the beam forming process can be integrally reduced, and the time for the beam forming process is shortened.
(2) After a new mechanism of self-adaptively shortening the length of the Beacon frame based on node position information is adopted, when a PNC sends the Beacon frame, the time slot information is added into the Beacon frame in a self-adaptive manner by judging the position of a sector possibly appearing in DEV, and the time slot information of the DEV is not added into the Beacon frame sent by the sector, so that the length of the Beacon frame is reduced, the average length of the broadcast Beacon frame is smaller than that of the Beacon frame in the existing terahertz wireless personal area network MAC protocol, the control overhead is reduced, and the efficiency of the terahertz wireless personal area network MAC protocol is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a terahertz wireless personal area network, in which wireless devices are divided into two types of nodes, namely a PNC and a DEV, and their physical structures are generally the same. In the same domain network, there is usually one DEV that will become the PNC if the requirements are met, and the rest DEVs, any two nodes in the network can communicate directly.
Fig. 2 shows a typical superframe structure used by an existing ultra-high-speed directional access protocol for wireless personal area networks, in which the existing terahertz directional access protocol for wireless personal area networks uses a superframe structure including three periods, namely Beacon, CAP (divided into Association S-CAP and Regular S-CAP), and CTAP, wherein the CTAP period is composed of a plurality of CTA sub-periods, and each CTA sub-period is composed of Beamforming CTA and dataconferenction CTA.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a relative position relationship between a PNC and two DEVs, in a terahertz wireless personal area network, a PNC is used as an origin point, a coordinate axis is established, and each sector is numbered from 0 according to the size of a sector angle value. DEVs within the mesh establish axes in the same direction with the axes of the PNC.
FIG. 4 is a "location-information" table structure showing the DEV ID, the distance between the PNC and the DEV, the sector number of the DEV, the time of day the DEV is known, and the destination DEVID.
FIG. 5 is a MAC header frame format, streamIndex field, whose first four bits are used to correspond to quadrants 1 through 4 for the PNC to piggyback information of a beamforming range to the DEVs.
FIG. 6 is a "sector-DEV table" structure established by the PNC for storing the DEV ID numbers that may be present in each sector.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the PNC and the DEV, wherein the PNC may determine the sector in which the DEV may be present by determining the range of motion of the DEV.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the terahertz wireless personal area network efficient and fast beamforming method based on the position information, the terahertz wireless personal area network access method provided by the invention divides a superframe into three ordered time periods of Beacon, CAP (divided into two sub-time periods of Association S-CAP and Regular S-CAP) and CTAP, and comprises two new mechanisms of reducing a beam training frame based on the relative position information of nodes and adaptively reducing the frame length of the Beacon based on the relative position information of the nodes, the new mechanism of reducing the beam training frame based on the relative position information of the nodes mainly works in the time periods of CAP and CTAP, and the new mechanism of adaptively reducing the frame length of the Beacon based on the relative position information of the nodes mainly works in the time periods of CAP and Beacon.
Detailed Description
A terahertz wireless personal area network comprises more than 2 nodes, wherein one node is a PNC, the rest are DEVs, any two nodes can be directly in wireless communication, the wireless communication adopts a mode that the sending and the receiving are both directional, a directional antenna capable of measuring RSSI is arranged, and the two nodes have irregular bidirectional data service transmission requirements. The efficient and rapid beam forming method based on the position information is used in a terahertz wireless personal area network protocol. The terahertz wireless personal area network directional access protocol generally divides the network operation time into a plurality of continuous superframes, wherein each superframe consists of three periods of Beacon, CAP (divided into Association S-CAP and Regular S-CAP) and CTAP; the CTAP period consists of a plurality of CTA subintervals, and each CTA consists of two parts, namely Beamforming CTA and Data Connection CTA; the invention provides a high-efficiency and rapid beam forming method based on position information, which operates in Beacon, CAP and CTAP. Beacon time period implementation
(1) Main operation of PNC
The PNC sends n Beacon frames in each sector, and the number n of the sent Beacon frames is equal to the number of the DEVs in the sector. Before each sector sends the Beacon frame, the PNC queries a sector-DEV table and puts the time slot allocation information of the DEV corresponding to the sector into the Beacon frame.
(2) Main operation of DEV
DEV circularly receives the Beacon frame in each sector, and after the DEV receives the Beacon frame, the DEV executes the following operations:
ES 1: and the DEV extracts the super-frame length, the CAP period length and the time slot distribution result information from the Beacon frame and continues to execute the next step.
ES 2: the DEV judges whether the PNC allocates a time slot to the DEV; if yes, recording the time slot number and time slot starting time allocated to the PNC by the PNC; if not, no operation is performed.
Association S-CAP sub-period implementation
(1) Main operation of PNC
The PNC circularly rotates and listens association request information sent by DEVs in each sector, and when the PNC receives the association request information, the PNC establishes a position-information table which comprises: the ID of the DEV, the distance between the PNC and the DEV, the sector number of the DEV, the time when the DEV is known to be a distance, and the ID of the target DEV. The distance from the DEV, the sector number of the DEV and the time when the DEV is known are judged through a physical layer, then the information is recorded in a position-information table, and the PNC sends a network access request reply frame to the DEV.
(2) Main operation of DEV
ES 1: after the Association S-CAP sub-period begins, if the DEV is not networked (which can be known by looking up the DEV ID, the DEV ID of the non-networked DEV is-1), a network entry request frame (including network entry request information for requesting network entry to the PNC) is sent to the PNC.
ES 2: if the DEV receives a network entry request reply frame from the PNC, the DEVID is retrieved from the DEV and stored.
Regular S-CAP subinterval embodiment
(1) Main operation of PNC
ES 1: the PNC cyclically rotates to listen for slot request frames sent by the DEVs in the respective sectors.
ES 2: when a slot request frame transmitted by a DEV is received, the DEV's location information in the location-information table is updated, and the ID number of the destination DEV is extracted and stored in the location-information table.
ES 3: the PNC performs calculations based on information in the "location-information" tables of the source DEV and the destination DEV to obtain relative location information of the source DEV and the destination DEV.
ES 4: the relative position information is piggybacked to the DEVs in an Index Stream of the MAC header of the slot request reply frame.
(2) Main operation of DEV
ES 1: if the DEV is networked and the MAC layer transmission buffer of the DEV has data to be transmitted which is not allocated with a time slot by the PNC, a time slot request frame is generated and transmitted to the PNC.
ES 2: if the DEV receives a timeslot request reply frame sent by the PNC to the DEV, the relative position information is extracted and stored for use in the CTA period of the next superframe.
4. In the CTAP period
(1) Main operation of PNC
At the starting moment of the last time slot of the CTAP period, inquiring a 'position-information' table to obtain the position information of the source DEV; PNC according to maximum movement velocity v of node known in advancemaxCalculating the possible occurrence range of the source DEV in the time range according to the difference between the current time and the DEV distance learning time; next, based on the opening angle α of each sector and the distance between the DEV and the PNC in the location-information table, the possible occurrence of the source DEV assigned a time slot during the next superframe Beacon period is calculatedA range of sectors; in most cases, this sector range is less than the coverage of all sectors; then, the PNC fills the ID of the source DEV to which the slot is allocated into the entry corresponding to the number of the sector where they may appear in the "sector-DEV table", inquires the location information of the ID of the destination DEV corresponding to the source DEV ID in the "location-information" table, calculates the range of the sector where the destination DEV may appear in the same way, and fills in the "sector-DEV table".
(2) Main operation of DEV
If DEV is allocated with time slot, then as source DEV, according to the position information extracted before, starting advanced wave beam forming from the first sector in the quadrants, after the wave beam forming is completed, waiting for 1 sector to receive time slot; if the beam training frame sent by the target DEV is received, finishing and ending the beam forming process; if not, the operation of the beamforming process is continued according to the existing mechanism from the next sector of the current sector. And after the wave beam forming is carried out, the DEV carries out data transmission again.

Claims (1)

1. The terahertz wireless personal area network efficient and rapid beam forming method based on the position information is characterized by comprising the following steps: dividing the network running time into a plurality of continuous superframes, wherein each superframe consists of three ordered time periods of Beacon, CAP and CTAP, the CAP time period is divided into two sub-time periods of Association S-CAP and Regular S-CAP, and the operation of PNC (portable network controller and central node) and DEV (DEV) -device and common node in each time period is defined as follows:
s1: the Beacon time period is used for broadcasting a Beacon frame containing timing, synchronization and time slot allocation information to the whole network by the PNC, and the DEV rotates circularly to receive the Beacon frame in each sector; the new mechanism of 'adaptively shortening the Beacon frame length based on the node position information' is operated in the time period, and the operation process in the time period and the new mechanism are specifically realized as follows:
s11: the PNC runs a new mechanism of self-adaptively shortening the Beacon frame length based on node position information, queries a sector-DEV table which is pre-established and contents of which are updated in the last superframe, obtains the ID of DEV which possibly appears and corresponds to each sector, and then adds the ID and time slot allocation information of a source DEV and a destination DEV which are positioned in each sector in the Beacon frame to be sent; if the source DEV is not allocated with the time slot, the source DEV ID, the destination DEV ID and the time slot allocation information are not added; the number of Beacon frames sent by each sector is equal to the number of sectors;
s12: DEV rotates circularly to receive Beacon frames in each sector; after receiving the Beacon frame, the DEV determines which sector the PNC is in and records the sector number; then DEV extracts timing, synchronization and time slot distribution information in the Beacon frame and stores the information;
s2: the CAP time period is divided into an Association S-CAP sub-time period and a Regular S-CAP sub-time period, and is mainly used for DEV to associate with network access and apply for time slot to PNC in a competitive access mode, a new mechanism of reducing beam training frames based on node relative position information and a new mechanism of shortening the length of a Beacon frame based on node position information in a self-adaptive mode are operated in the time period, and the operation process of the time period and the two new mechanisms are specifically realized as follows:
s21: the Association S-CAP sub-period is mainly used for DEVs which do not access the network to send an Association network access request frame to a PNC for applying for network access, two new mechanisms of 'reducing beam training frames based on node relative position information' and 'adaptively shortening the length of a Beacon frame based on node position information' are operated in the sub-period, and the operation process of the sub-period and the new mechanisms are specifically realized as follows:
s211: after receiving a Beacon frame sent by a PNC, an DEV which is not networked sends a related networking request frame to the PNC in a sector where the PNC is located to apply for networking;
s212: the PNC runs two new mechanisms of 'reducing beam training frames based on node relative position information' and 'adaptively shortening the Beacon frame length based on node position information', and a 'position-information' table is established in advance and comprises the following information: the ID of the DEV, the distance between the PNC and the DEV, the sector number of the DEV, the time when the DEV is known to be away from the DEV, and the ID of the target DEV; when the PNC receives an associated network access request frame sent by the DEV, the PNC allocates an ID number for the DEV; the PNC then transmits the DEV ID assigned to the DEV; the PNC determines the distance to the DEV through an RSSI mechanism operated by a physical layer, determines the sector number of the DEV, takes the receiving time of the associated network access request frame as the time for acquiring the distance of the DEV, and stores the information and the ID number distributed for the DEV into a 'position-information' table;
s22: the Regular S-CAP sub-period is used for receiving a time slot request frame sent by the DEV and allocating a time slot for the DEV by the PNC; the sub-period runs two new mechanisms of 'reducing beam training frames based on node relative position information' and 'adaptively shortening Beacon frame length based on node position information', and the sub-period running process and the two new mechanisms are specifically realized as follows:
s221: the method comprises the steps that a source DEV sends a time slot request frame request time slot to a PNC in a sector where the PNC is located; after receiving a time slot request frame sent by a source DEV, a PNC runs two new mechanisms of 'reducing beam training frames based on node relative position information' and 'adaptively shortening the length of a Beacon frame based on node position information', obtains distance information from the source DEV to the PNC through a physical layer running RSSI mechanism, obtains a sector where the source DEV is located, and then uses the information to update corresponding information of the source DEV in a 'position-information' table; then, the PNC determines the ID of a target DEV which needs to perform data transmission by the source DEV through a time slot request frame sent by the source DEV, and stores the ID of the target DEV into a target DEV ID field of a source DEV corresponding table entry in a position-information table;
s222: the PNC inquires the position-information table about the position information of the source DEV and the target DEV, and calculates according to the sector numbers of the source DEV and the target DEV and the distance between the source DEV and the PNC to obtain the quadrant of the source DEV which needs to carry out beam forming on the target DEV;
s223: when the PNC sends a time slot request reply frame to the source DEV, the MAC head is used for incidentally sending quadrant information needing wave beam forming to the source DEV, and the quadrant information is stored for later use after the source DEV receives the time slot request reply frame;
s3: the CTAP time period is used for the source DEV to carry out beam forming on the target DEV and carrying out data transmission on the source DEV and the target DEV; two new mechanisms of 'reducing a beam training frame based on node relative position information' and 'adaptively shortening the Beacon frame length based on the node position information' are operated in the period, and the operation process of the period and the new mechanisms are specifically realized as follows:
s31: when a source DEV carries out wave beam forming on a target DEV, a new mechanism of reducing wave beam training frames based on node relative position information is operated, the source DEV carries out wave beam forming from a sector with the sequence number 1 of a quadrant contained in a saved time slot request reply frame, and n wave beam training frames are sent, wherein n is equal to the total number of the sectors; the target DEV circularly rotates to monitor a beam training frame in each sector; after the source DEV sends the beam training frame in the sector, waiting for 1 sector to receive a time slot and monitoring the beam training frame sent by the target DEV; if the beam training frame sent by the target DEV is received, determining the sector where the target DEV is located according to the receiving sector of the beam training frame and ending the beam forming process; if not, continuing the operation of the beam forming process from the next sector of the current sector according to the existing beam forming mechanism; after the wave beam forming of the source DEV and the target DEV is finished, data transmission is carried out;
s32: at the starting moment of the last time slot of CTAP, the PNC operates a new mechanism of self-adaptively shortening the Beacon frame length based on the node position information, and queries a position-information table to obtain the position information of the source DEV; PNC according to the maximum moving speed v of all nodes known in advancemaxCalculating the range in which the source DEV may appear in the time range by the difference between the current time and the time when the distance to the source DEV is known; then, according to the field angle α of each sector and the distance between the source DEV and the PNC in the location-information table, calculating the range of the sectors where the source DEV which is allocated with the time slot in the next superframe Beacon period is possible to appear; in the usual case, this sector area is smaller than the coverage area of all sectors; then, the PNC fills the ID of the source DEV which is allocated with the time slot into the table entry corresponding to the sector number which may appear in the 'sector-DEV table'; next, the PNC consults the "location-information" table to obtain the location information of the destination DEV corresponding to the source DEV, calculates the sectors in which the destination DEV may appear in the same way and fills the ID into the entries corresponding to those sectors in the "sector-DEV table".
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