CN109615510B - Supply chain finance multistage letter increasing method based on block chain - Google Patents
Supply chain finance multistage letter increasing method based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a supply chain finance multistage letter increasing method based on a block chain, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, building a blockchain service platform of a supply chain financial service alliance chain; s2, dividing different node accounting authorities; s3, acquiring relevant information of accounts receivable of the core enterprise; s4, generating a creditor certificate according to the accounts receivable based on an intelligent contract technology; s5, financing the financial institutions through the credited certificates by owners of the credited certificates, or paying accounts payable of upstream suppliers; and S6, triggering the intelligent contract to automatically complete the transfer of the fixed path after the accounts receivable time expires. The invention constructs a supply chain financial trust mechanism which does not need trust of all parties, the information can be safely shared, and the transaction accounts can be freely transacted. Meanwhile, the concept of the creditor certificate is provided, and financing credit of the multi-level provider is increased. The invention solidifies the payment path through the smart contract so that risk can be controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of supply chain finance, in particular to a block chain-based supply chain finance multistage letter increasing method.
Background
The supply chain finance is a financing mode for serving upstream and downstream suppliers of a supply chain core enterprise, the traditional supply chain finance utilizes the credit advantage of the core enterprise, and helps suppliers with difficult upstream and downstream financing apply financing to financial institutions for purchasing raw materials required by the trade with the core enterprise based on the unexpired trade accounts of the core enterprise and the suppliers. When the transaction accounts are due, the suppliers pay corresponding accounts to the financial institutions according to the contracts, and the whole financing process is completed. The supply chain finance utilizes the trust of a financial institution to a core enterprise, introduces a new financing mode, is beneficial to the fund flow in the supply chain, and enables the operation mechanism of the supply chain to be more coordinated and smoother.
The blockchain realizes traceability, difficult tampering, safety and shareability of data through a distributed account book technology, an asymmetric encryption technology and a consensus technology, and builds a trust ecological circle of completely untrustworthy nodes. The intelligent contract technology of the blockchain combination is designed and programmable, and based on a blockchain bottom layer platform, the intelligent contract technology can set a contract template which is commonly approved by all nodes, solidify transaction modes, transaction paths, transaction amounts and the like in the blockchain network.
In a traditional supply chain financial scenario, since the financial institution is based on the transaction accounts of the core enterprise, the supply chain financial service can only serve a small number of suppliers in the supply chain system, and a large number of secondary, tertiary and quaternary suppliers are smaller enterprises, which further need financing to maintain their own operational capabilities in the supply chain. The small and medium enterprises are subject to the current situation of self operation, suppliers cannot prove the repayment capability of the suppliers, cannot obtain better credit rating, and can hardly directly obtain supply chain financial financing through financial institutions. In addition to the qualification, credit of the business, whether the transaction itself really exists is also a particular concern and concern for the supply chain finance provider. In order to prevent enterprises from hooking each other and falsifying transaction information, a financial institution generally cannot directly collect information provided by the enterprises, so that additional manpower and material resources are required to be input to verify the authenticity of the information, and the wind control cost is increased. Payment and settlement between suppliers and buyers, financing parties and financial institutions is limited by the contractual spirit and willingness to perform of each participating entity, and particularly when multi-level supplier settlement is involved, the risks of theft, malicious default or operation are liable to occur.
Interpretation of related terms:
supply chain finance: supply chain finance is a financing mode serving upstream and downstream suppliers of a supply chain core enterprise, and the mode of supply chain finance is generally called as 1+N, and banks support according to the credit of the core enterprise 1 so as to complete financing credit support for small and medium-sized enterprises N in a public.
Blockchain: a distributed ledger which is a chained data structure in which data blocks are sequentially connected in time series and which is cryptographically secured against falsification and forgery.
Distributed ledger: unlike the traditional digital storage record of ownership by utilizing database technology, the distributed account book stores the same account book copy among different nodes of the point-to-point network, removes the role of a central manager or the central data storage link, and realizes credibility and unchangeability of each transaction in the account book through a consensus process.
Consensus: the block chain adopts a process that nodes with consensus authority complete authentication and verification of transaction information on the basis that participants do not need to know each other and trust relationship is not required to be established. Only transactions that pass the consensus will be written to the block and stored in the blockchain.
Alliance chain: the federated chain is a multi-centric, multi-mechanism co-controlled blockchain that is relatively fully decentralised from the public chain, and is not controlled by any mechanism. The access can be realized through authorization, and a consensus algorithm with non-workload demonstration is generally adopted, so that the transaction processing speed is improved, and the method has good expansibility. The features of the federation chain are suitable for enterprise-level applications.
And (3) node: the server or system or personal computer which stores the copy of the blockchain ledger can apply different authorities according to actual demands, thereby playing different roles in the block generation process, such as sending transactions, verifying transactions, and the like.
Intelligent contract: smart contract (smartcontact) is contract code running on a blockchain, which has become an integral part of blockchain applications. Intelligent contracts are keys to our secure, digitized relationship in the internet by facilitating execution of the contract through a protocol and user interface. The intelligent contract needs to have the characteristics of consistency, observability, verifiability, self-strengthening property, access control and the like.
The blockchain provides a credit establishment paradigm with decentralization and no need of trust accumulation, and the four technical innovations of a distributed account book, encryption and authorization, a consensus mechanism and intelligent closed blockchain. The use of blockchains in supply chain finance is as follows.
By searching, comparing and analyzing the existing papers and patents, three technical information with higher correlation degree are available:
the prior art scheme 1: patent application publication No. CN108229981A, which is a supply chain finance anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on a blockchain, belongs to the application field of supply chain finance blockchains, and particularly relates to a tracing method of a blockchain in a supply chain. The invention discloses a supply chain finance anti-counterfeiting tracing method based on a blockchain, which utilizes the advantages of the blockchain to be decentralised, a third party trust system is not needed, a plurality of encryption algorithms are provided, and the like, is realized through intelligent contracts in the supply chain finance, and can well solve the defects of the traditional anti-counterfeiting tracing method. By means of the characteristic that the blockchain is not tamperable, all contract contents including the states of goods can be clearly found, and the defects that a traditional anti-counterfeiting tracing method needs paper certificate transfer, a third party guarantee or certification mechanism is needed, financing difficulty of small and medium enterprises is high, fraud and fraud possibly exist are overcome; meanwhile, the invention realizes contract agreements, logistics supervision and financial evaluation of the buyer and the seller through the intelligent contracts, and as all contracts are completed in the system, paper contracts are not needed, cumbersome procedures are reduced, and the process is accelerated. However, the supply chain financial traceability system based on the blockchain constructed in the prior art scheme 1 makes efforts for verifying the authenticity of the logistics information and paperless contracts in the supply chain finance, does not consider the intelligent contract solidification transaction path, reduces factors such as supplier default during performance, and the logistics information traceability system only aims at the supply chain financial mode of entity-based goods transaction, and has limitation on the supply chain finance of non-materials.
The prior art scheme 2: patent number is CN107451780A, and the patent application publication of the name of supply chain finance implementation method based on blockchain technology and logistics information platform belongs to the technical field of supply chain finance of logistics information, and in particular relates to a supply chain finance implementation method of blockchain technology and logistics information platform. The invention comprises the following steps of adopting an Ethernet block chain intelligent contract platform as a bottom layer framework; and constructing an application platform serving the production end, the logistics enterprise end, the logistics platform, the banking chain and the client of the logistics industry. By adopting the characteristic of the block chain technology, the invention enables the supply and demand parties across industries, industries and areas to be connected through the logistics information platform so as to realize more effective and more proper matching; through the intelligent contract technique of block chain, realize commodity circulation finance and supply chain finance's automation, improved the operating efficiency, the operation cost of reduction realizes more accurate, timely fund circulation activity. However, the supply chain financial platform based on the blockchain constructed in the prior art scheme 2 only solves the communication of the logistics information flow aiming at the connection of the logistics information platform, does not consider the actual fund flow problem faced by the supply chain finance, can only be used as a reference platform for the supply chain finance service in reality, and the supply chain finance business cannot actually perform transaction execution on the platform.
The prior art scheme 3: the invention relates to a method for applying a supply chain financial blockchain based on a master blockchain technology, in particular to the field of the master blockchain, and solves the problems that the financing rate of the supply chain is low, the supply chain cannot efficiently exert the credit effect of the supply chain and the collaborative development of a supply chain financial ecological circle is restricted. The method and the system are based on the master right blockchain technology, build a blockchain application platform suitable for the supply chain finance in China, improve the safety and traceability of the supply chain finance application, build mutual trust, reduce transaction cost, improve the productivity and the fund utilization rate of each node of the whole supply chain, provide supervision nodes for a supervision mechanism and supervise the whole flow link of the supply chain finance. The application method of the financial block chain of the supply chain based on the master right block chain constructed in the prior art scheme 3 is used for promoting the platform to automatically credit by actually introducing the big data into the enterprise real credit registration, and the situation that the automatic credit fails due to insufficient credit of small and medium enterprises is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a supply chain finance multistage credit increasing method based on a blockchain, which solves the problems that the repayment capability of enterprises is difficult to evaluate, the authenticity of transactions is difficult to verify, information is mutually split and cannot be shared, the performance risk cannot be effectively controlled and the like in the conventional supply chain finance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a supply chain finance multistage letter increasing method based on block chain, comprising the following steps:
s1, building a blockchain service platform capable of realizing a supply chain financial service alliance chain participated by a core enterprise, a primary supplier, an upstream supplier, a financial institution and a bank based on a blockchain technology;
s2, dividing different node accounting authorities of each node in the supply chain financial service alliance chain according to different roles of the nodes;
s3, integrating contract performance information from a traditional contract performance system by the supply chain financial service alliance chain to acquire related information of accounts receivable of the core enterprise, and applying long-term financing to the blockchain service platform by a provider according to the accounts receivable of the core enterprise; the core enterprise checks the authenticity of the accounts receivable according to the transaction account information transmitted by the electronic bidding platform;
s4, after the authenticity of the accounts receivable is confirmed, the blockchain service platform generates a creditor certificate according to the accounts receivable based on an intelligent contract technology;
s5, the owner of the creditor certificate can financing to the financial institution through the creditor certificate, and also can pay accounts payable of the upstream supplier by using the creditor certificate; when the above operation is performed, the owner of the corresponding creditor certificate is changed;
s6, when the triggering condition is met, the creditor certificate can automatically execute corresponding actions; the triggering condition is that the time of the accounts receivable expires, and after the time of the accounts receivable expires, the intelligent contract is triggered to automatically complete the transfer of the fixed path.
In the multi-level credit-increasing method for supply chain finance based on the blockchain, preferably, the supply chain finance service alliance chain is a blockchain commonly controlled by multiple centers and multiple mechanisms, and the supply chain finance service alliance chain can be accessed through authorization.
In the above blockchain-based supply chain financial multi-level letter adding method, in a preferred mode, the node accounting authority in the step S2 includes two kinds of full data accounting and snapshot accounting; the master node participates in consensus, and performs full data billing; other nodes make snapshot accounting.
In the above multi-level credit adding method for supply chain finance based on blockchain, in the preferred mode, in the supply chain finance service alliance chain, the core enterprise, the primary supplier and the financial institution are used as master nodes to carry out full data accounting; the upstream provider and the bank act as other nodes to make snapshot accounting.
The invention solves the trust problem through the consensus algorithm based on the blockchain technology, and prevents the performance risk through the intelligent contract, so that the trust can be effectively conducted along the supply chain, the cooperation cost is reduced, and the performance efficiency is improved.
Meanwhile, the invention has the following advantages:
the method has the advantages that 1 is efficient, in the existing technical scheme, by calling the enterprise credit data and the registered creditor certificates stored in the blockchain, the creditor contracts are automatically generated and stored in the blockchain, the enterprise credit time and the creditor information verification time are greatly shortened, and the creditor issuing efficiency is effectively improved under the condition that the true and credibility of the data is ensured.
The advantage 2 fairness, in the prior art scheme, all transactions are based on the blockchain network, and the decentralization and the transparency of the blockchain network determine the disclosure transparency of all transaction information. All transaction flows are written into intelligent contracts, the intelligent contracts are determined by people together, the storage, the reading and the execution of the whole process of the intelligent contracts are irreversible and non-tamper-proof, and all participants manage the transaction rules to determine fairness.
Advantage 3 instantaneity. In the prior art, all processes of the supply chain finance are executed by the intelligent contract, and the automatic execution time in the contract expires. In the blockchain network, the monitoring node can traverse the automatic execution state, the transaction and the triggering condition of each contract at regular time, automatically complete the processing of the whole transaction and the state, and ensure that the whole process is transparent and can not be tampered. The real-time performance of the financial flow execution of the supply chain is forcibly ensured.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure and operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention focuses on optimizing and improving the application method of the blockchain in the supply chain finance, and accelerating the flow of the fund flow through the creditor certificate by constructing an independently-developed blockchain service platform.
Step one: based on the blockchain technology, a blockchain service platform is built, and a supply chain financial service alliance chain participated by a core enterprise, a primary supplier, an upstream supplier, a financial institution and a bank is realized through the blockchain service platform, wherein the supply chain financial service alliance chain is a blockchain commonly controlled by multiple centers and multiple mechanisms, and the alliance chain can be accessed only by authorization. All the participants in the alliance chain participate in data maintenance together to mutually prove the authenticity of the data uploaded by all the main bodies. Blockchains can be divided into blockchains according to the degree of openness and decentralization: public chains, alliance chains, private chains. The federation chain is suitable for enterprise-level applications.
Step two: different node accounting authorities are divided according to different roles in the alliance chain, and the nodes have two types of full data accounting and snapshot accounting. Considering data privacy and security, the master node participates in consensus, performs full data billing, and other nodes perform snapshot billing. In the supply chain financial alliance chain, a core enterprise, a primary supplier and a financial institution serve as master nodes to carry out full data billing, and upstream suppliers and banks carry out snapshot billing.
Step three: the supply chain financial service alliance chain integrates contract performance information from a traditional contract performance system to acquire receivables related information. And the provider applies for long-term financing to the platform side according to the receivables of the core enterprise, and the core enterprise checks the authenticity of the receivables according to the transaction account information transmitted by the electronic bidding platform.
Step four: after the accounts receivable authenticity is confirmed, the accounts receivable authenticity is generated into a creditor certificate in the blockchain service platform based on an intelligent contract technology. The intelligent contract is an automatic script which can be automatically executed, and the creditor certificate generated by the intelligent contract technology solidifies the element information of payors, payees, money, payment time and the like of accounts receivable.
Step five: the creditor credential owners, i.e. the payee may financing the creditor credential to the financial institution, may also use the creditor credential to pay accounts payable of the upstream provider, with the corresponding creditor credential owners changing.
Step six: one of the important characteristics of credited vouchers, i.e. intelligent contracts, is: when the conditions are met, corresponding actions can be automatically executed, the triggering condition of the creditor certificate is that the accounts receivable time expires, and after the accounts receivable time expires, the intelligent contract is triggered to automatically complete the transfer of the fixed path.
Further description is provided below in connection with fig. 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, firstly, based on the blockchain technology, a blockchain service platform is built, and a supply chain financial service alliance chain participated by a core enterprise, a primary supplier, an upstream supplier, a financial institution and a bank is realized through the blockchain service platform, wherein the alliance chain is a blockchain commonly controlled by multiple centers and multiple mechanisms, and the alliance chain can be accessed by requiring authorization. All the participants in the alliance chain participate in data maintenance together to mutually prove the authenticity of the data uploaded by all the main bodies.
Each enterprise in the alliance chain can conduct financial activities through the creditor contracts generated by the blockchain business service platform, the generation of the creditor contracts is divided into two types, namely the creditor contracts for accounts payable conversion of the core enterprise, and the creditor contracts generated by credit limits of the enterprise in the financial institutions.
The core enterprise is the core of the alliance chain and has reliable credibility, such as large-scale national enterprises with sufficient funds.
Different node accounting authorities are divided according to different roles in the alliance chain, and the nodes have two types of full data accounting and snapshot accounting. Considering data privacy and security, the master node (core enterprise, primary supplier, financial institution) performs full data billing and the other nodes (upstream suppliers, banks) performs snapshot billing.
Taking the process of a primary provider applying financing to an upstream provider for payment to a blockchain service platform as an example. The core enterprise has accounts payable to the primary supplier, the primary supplier pays to the upstream supplier by using the accounts payable, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1. and the primary provider initiates a financing application to the blockchain service platform and submits accounts payable information of the core enterprise. Or the primary supplier initiates a financing application to the blockchain service platform and submits enterprise credit line evidence of the primary supplier at the financial institution.
2. The blockchain service platform verifies the authenticity of accounts payable to the core enterprise, generates the credited certificates in the platform based on the intelligent contract technology after verification, and converts the credited certificates into credited contracts after registration. The intelligent contract is an automatic script which can be automatically executed, and the creditor certificate generated by the intelligent contract technology solidifies the element information of payors, payees, money, payment time and the like of accounts receivable. Or the blockchain service platform verifies the credit limit of the enterprise to the financial institution, the financial institution returns the verification result, generates the creditor certificate of the primary supplier in the platform after the verification, and converts the creditor certificate into the creditor contract after the registration.
3. After the primary enterprise obtains the credited contract, it makes a payment to the upstream provider using the credited contract to the platform.
4. And registering the credited contract change information with the platform after the upstream provider acquires the credited contract. And the creditor transfer is completed.
5. The creditor credential owners, i.e. the payee may financing the creditor credential to the financial institution, may also use the creditor credential to pay accounts payable of the upstream provider, with the corresponding creditor credential owners changing.
6. One of the important characteristics of the creditor voucher, namely the intelligent contract, is that the corresponding action can be automatically executed when the condition is met, the triggering condition of the creditor voucher is the expiration time of the receivables, after the receivables are expired, the intelligent contract is triggered, and the transfer of the fixed path is automatically completed.
The invention combines the distributed account book technology and the encryption technology to construct a supply chain financial trust mechanism which does not need the trust of all parties, the information can be safely shared, and the transaction account can be freely transacted. Meanwhile, the invention provides the concept of the creditor certificate based on the intelligent contract technology, and the multi-level suppliers with the creditor certificate on the creditor certificate supply chain have the advantages of qualification and financing, and the financing credit of the multi-level suppliers is increased. The invention solidifies the payment path through the smart contract so that risk can be controlled.
In order to solve the problem of difficult financing of small and medium enterprises in a supply chain, the invention independently develops a block chain bottom layer platform, introduces a financial institution, independently builds a transaction platform with multiparty participation of the financial institution, suppliers and core enterprises, can trace and search all transaction accounts needing financing on the platform, combines with the credited certificates issued by the core enterprises, and can use the credited certificates to carry out transaction and financing by the suppliers of the small and medium enterprises in the second, third and fourth levels, thereby solving the problems of difficult financing and insufficient self-credit.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention by making equivalents and modifications to the technical solution and the inventive concept thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The block chain-based supply chain financial multi-stage letter increasing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, building a blockchain service platform capable of realizing a supply chain financial service alliance chain participated by a core enterprise, a primary supplier, an upstream supplier, a financial institution and a bank based on a blockchain technology; all the participants in the alliance chain participate in data maintenance together to mutually prove the authenticity of the data uploaded by all the main bodies;
s2, dividing different node accounting authorities of each node in the supply chain financial service alliance chain according to different roles of the nodes; the node accounting authority in the step S2 comprises two types of full data accounting and snapshot accounting; the master node participates in consensus, and performs full data billing; other nodes participate in consensus, and snapshot accounting is carried out;
in the supply chain financial service alliance chain, the core enterprise, the primary supplier and the financial institution are used as master nodes for full data billing; the upstream provider and the bank act as other nodes to carry out snapshot accounting;
s3, integrating contract performance information from a traditional contract performance system by the supply chain financial service alliance chain to acquire related information of accounts receivable of the core enterprise, and applying long-term financing to the blockchain service platform by a provider according to the accounts receivable of the core enterprise; the core enterprise checks the authenticity of the accounts receivable according to the transaction account information transmitted by the electronic bidding platform;
s4, after the authenticity of the accounts receivable is confirmed, the blockchain service platform generates a creditor certificate according to the accounts receivable based on an intelligent contract technology; the credited vouchers generated by the smart contract technology solidify payor, payee, amount, payment time element information of the receivables;
s5, the owner of the creditor certificate can financing to the financial institution through the creditor certificate, and also can pay accounts payable of the upstream supplier by using the creditor certificate; when the above operation is performed, the owner of the corresponding creditor certificate is changed;
s6, when the triggering condition is met, the creditor certificate can automatically execute corresponding actions; the triggering condition is that the time of the accounts receivable expires, and after the time of the accounts receivable expires, the intelligent contract is triggered to automatically complete the transfer of the fixed path.
2. The blockchain-based supply chain financial multi-level letter adding method of claim 1, wherein the supply chain financial services alliance chain is a multi-center, multi-mechanism commonly controlled blockchain that is only accessible by authorization.
3. The blockchain-based supply chain financial multi-level letter adding method of claim 1, wherein the core enterprise is a core of a federated chain with reliable confidence.
4. The blockchain-based supply chain financial multi-level letter adding method of claim 3, wherein the core enterprise is a large state enterprise with sufficient funds.
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