CN109597347B - Quantum chip feedback control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of quantum chip control, in particular to a feedback control method of a quantum chip, which comprises the following steps: the main control module controls the signal generation module to output a quantum bit control signal; the qubit responds to the qubit control signal, the logic state of the qubit changing; the qubit reading detection module outputs a qubit reading detection signal; the qubit responds to the qubit reading detection signal and outputs a qubit reading return signal carrying the logic state information of the qubit; the main control module controls the qubit reading and detecting module to collect the qubit reading and returning signal and simultaneously sends the qubit reading and returning signal to the main control module, and the main control module processes the qubit reading and returning signal in real time to obtain a qubit logic state; and the main control module determines whether to adjust the qubit control signal or not according to the consistency of the qubit logic state and the preset qubit logic state. The invention can assist in realizing the cyclic utilization of the quantum bit on the quantum chip.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of quantum chip control, and particularly relates to a feedback control method for a quantum chip.
Background
The quantum chip is a core structure for realizing quantum computation, the quantum chip is composed of a large number of quantum bits, each quantum bit is composed of a specific hardware circuit arranged on the quantum chip, each quantum bit has at least two distinguishable logic states, and based on a quantum program, the logic states of the quantum bits can be controllably changed, so that the quantum computation is realized.
Because the integration level of the qubits on the quantum chip at the current stage is not high enough, many quantum programs cannot be completely realized. In order to realize and verify more quantum programs on the current limited quantum chips, the quantum programs can be realized by recycling quantum bits.
To realize the cyclic utilization of qubits, it is necessary to be able to read the logic state of the qubit in real time and implement feedback control. The application provides a quantum chip feedback control method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feedback control method of a quantum chip, which aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and can assist in improving the cyclic utilization efficiency of quantum bits.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a feedback control method for a quantum chip comprises the following steps:
the main control module controls the signal generation module to output a quantum bit control signal; wherein: the qubit control signal is used for acting on the qubit of the qubit chip to change the logic state of the qubit;
the qubit changing a logic state of the qubit in response to the qubit control signal;
the master control module controls the qubit reading detection module to output a qubit reading detection signal; wherein: the qubit reading detection signal is used for acting on the qubit of the quantum chip to read the logic state of the qubit;
the qubit responds to the qubit reading detection signal and outputs a qubit reading return signal carrying logic state information of the qubit;
the master control module controls the qubit reading and detecting module to collect the qubit reading and returning signal and simultaneously sends the qubit reading and returning signal to the master control module, and the master control module processes the qubit reading and returning signal in real time to obtain a qubit logic state;
the main control module determines whether to adjust the qubit control signal according to the consistency of the qubit logic state and a qubit preset logic state; and when the logic state of the qubit is consistent with the preset logic state of the qubit, the master control module keeps the qubit control signal which controls the signal generation module to output unchanged.
The feedback control method for a quantum chip as described above, wherein preferably, the controlling signal generating module of the main control module outputs a qubit control signal, and specifically includes: the main control module receives an instruction sent by an upper computer, and the instruction corresponds to the quantum programs loaded in the upper computer one by one; the main control module generates and outputs the signal control instruction to a signal generation module according to the instruction; and the signal generation module outputs the quantum bit control signal according to the received signal control instruction.
The feedback control method for a quantum chip as described above, wherein preferably, the processing of the qubit reading feedback signal by the main control module in real time to obtain the qubit logic state specifically includes: converting the qubit reading return signal into a coordinate point to be analyzed of an orthogonal plane coordinate system by virtue of a first demodulation reference signal; the first demodulation reference signal is a sine demodulation reference signal and/or a cosine demodulation reference signal; obtaining a quantum bit logic state according to the position relation between the coordinate point to be analyzed and a preset straight line in the orthogonal plane; wherein: one side of the preset straight line represents a first known qubit logic state, the other side of the preset straight line represents a second known qubit logic state, and the first known qubit logic state is |0> or |1>, and then the second known qubit logic state is |1> or |0 >.
In the feedback control method for a quantum chip, it is preferable that the predetermined straight line is obtained by: obtaining a qubit reading return signal when the qubit is in the qubit logic state |0> as a first signal, and obtaining a qubit reading return signal when the qubit is in the qubit logic state |1> as a second signal; converting the first signal and the second signal into a first known coordinate point and a second known coordinate point of an orthogonal plane coordinate system by means of the first demodulation reference signal, respectively; and determining a perpendicular bisector of a connecting line of the first known coordinate point and the second known coordinate point as the preset straight line.
In the feedback control method for a quantum chip as described above, preferably, when the logic state of the qubit is inconsistent with the preset logic state of the qubit and a deviation between the logic state of the qubit and the preset logic state of the qubit is within a preset deviation range, the master control module controls the signal generation module to adjust the qubit control signal according to the deviation between the logic state of the qubit and the preset logic state of the qubit.
In the feedback control method for a quantum chip as described above, preferably, when the logic state of the qubit is inconsistent with the preset logic state of the qubit and a deviation between the logic state of the qubit and the preset logic state of the qubit is not within a preset deviation range, the main control module control signal generation module does not continue to output the qubit control signal.
The feedback control method for a quantum chip as described above, wherein preferably, the adjusting the qubit control signal by the master control module control signal generation module, or the no longer continuing to output the qubit control signal by the master control module control signal generation module, further includes: and the master control module sends the qubit reading return signal to an upper computer according to the requirement.
The feedback control method for a quantum chip as described above, wherein preferably, the processing of the qubit reading feedback signal by the qubit reading detection module in real time to obtain the qubit logic state further includes: and storing the qubit reading return signal, and sending the qubit reading return signal to the main control module as required.
Compared with the prior art, the invention outputs the control signal of the quantum bit through the control signal generating module of the main control module, the control signal of the quantum bit acts on the quantum bit of the quantum chip to change the logic state of the quantum bit, then the main control module controls the reading detection module of the quantum bit to output the reading detection signal of the quantum bit, the reading detection signal of the quantum bit acts on the quantum bit of the quantum chip to read the logic state of the quantum bit; the qubit receives and responds to the qubit control signal to a qubit reading return signal that outputs logical state information carrying the qubit; the master control module controls a qubit reading and detecting module to collect the qubit reading and returning signal and simultaneously sends the qubit reading and returning signal to the master control module; under the control of the main control module, reading and transmitting a return signal by using a qubit while collecting, so as to ensure the rapid transmission of the signal, and processing the read and transmitted signal by using the qubit in real time by using the main control module to obtain a logic state of the qubit; then the main control module determines whether to adjust the qubit control signal according to the consistency of the qubit logic state and a qubit preset logic state; when the logic state of the qubit is consistent with the preset logic state of the qubit, the master control module keeps outputting the qubit control signal unchanged, and cyclic utilization of the qubit is ensured.
Meanwhile, in the process, on one hand, the qubit is read and transmitted while being collected, so that the fast transmission of signals is ensured, and the main control module processes the qubit reading and transmitting signals in real time to obtain the qubit logic state, so that the feedback time is shortened together. On the other hand, in the process, a qubit reading return signal is converted into qubit logic state information, and then the qubit logic state information is compared with a qubit preset logic state, because the qubit logic state and the qubit preset logic state are both ground states or combined states, the ground states such as |0>, |1>, and for two qubit combined states such as |01>, |00>, |10> and the like, the qubit ground states and the qubit combined states are both simply represented in signal representation, on one hand, the comparison is more efficient, and the feedback time can be shortened in an auxiliary manner; on the other hand, the comparison is accurate. Under the guidance of the idea of shortening the feedback time in the whole process, the detection of the qubit control signals is ensured through the structural detection of the change of the logic state of the qubits caused by each qubit control signal, and the cyclic utilization efficiency of the qubits is further effectively improved.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a quantum chip feedback control method provided by the present invention;
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a feedback control method for a quantum chip, including the following steps:
step S1: the main control module controls the signal generation module to output the quantum bit control signal.
Specifically, the main control module is a programmable control chip based on FPGA, and a user logic module, a data storage module, a data processing module, and the like can be configured inside the main control module, and a control instruction and a control parameter for controlling the signal generation module are edited by the user logic module, for example: the control instruction is the generation time of the qubit control signal to be generated, and the like, and the control parameters are waveform shape parameters (such as amplitude, frequency, initial phase, and the like) and waveform length parameters (such as waveform playing time and the like) of the qubit control signal to be generated. The data can be cached through a data storage module, such as a high-capacity DDR memory; the data processing module can realize real-time processing of data in the main control module, and when the data processing module built in the FPGA programmable control chip processes data in real time, on one hand, the parallel high-speed processing capability of the FPGA can be used, and on the other hand, the user logic sub-module loaded in the data processing module can be used for realizing the on-demand processing of the data.
In particular, the qubit control signal is used to act on a qubit of a qubit chip to change a logic state of the qubit.
Specifically, the qubit described in this embodiment is a superconducting qubit that is provided on a quantum chip and includes a superconducting quantum interferometer and a capacitor connected to the superconducting quantum interferometer, and it can be known from the operation principle of the superconducting qubit of the quantum chip that the logic state qubit control signal that acts on the qubit of the quantum chip to change the qubit can be one of a direct current signal and a radio frequency signal or a combination thereof. In detail, the direct current signal is used for setting the initial state of the superconducting qubit, and the signal generation module for generating the direct current signal is a direct current signal module; the radio frequency signal is an analog signal corresponding to the operation of the quantum logic gate, and the signal generation module for generating the radio frequency signal is an arbitrary waveform generator module.
Particularly, the main control module can be in two-way communication with the upper computer through a LAN (local area network) line, on one hand, the main control module can receive information sent by the upper computer, and on the other hand, the main control module can send information to the upper computer according to requirements. Through the cooperation of host computer, can realize based on FPGA programmable control chip and the rational distribution of host computer both resources, and then realize effective processing and the storage of information.
Specifically, instructions corresponding to the quantum programs one to one can be loaded in the upper computer and sent to the upper computer through the LAN line, and the main control module receives the instructions sent by the upper computer, generates and outputs the signal control instructions to the signal generation module according to the instructions; and the signal generation module outputs the quantum bit control signal according to the received signal control instruction.
Step S2: the qubit changes a logic state of the qubit in response to the qubit control signal.
Specifically, the qubit described in this embodiment is a superconducting qubit that is provided on a quantum chip and includes a superconducting quantum interferometer and a capacitor connected in parallel with the superconducting quantum interferometer, and when a qubit control signal is applied to the superconducting qubit, the qubit control signal is applied to a hardware circuit that includes the superconducting quantum interferometer and the capacitor connected to the superconducting quantum interferometer, and a superconducting current flowing through the superconducting quantum interferometer and the capacitor in the hardware circuit changes, so that a logic state of the superconducting qubit changes.
Step S3: the main control module controls the qubit reading detection module to output a qubit reading detection signal, wherein: the qubit read detection signal is used to act on a qubit of a qubit chip to read a logical state of the qubit.
Specifically, the qubit reading detection module consists of two parts: one part is a providing module for reading detection signals of the qubits, the module outputs the reading detection signals of the qubits under the control of the main control module, and the control of the main control module comprises but is not limited to that the main control module provides triggering instructions, signal parameter information and the like for the providing module for reading the detection signals of the qubits; the other part is an acquisition module for reading the return signal by the quantum bit, and the two acquisition modules are integrated modules and are connected with the main control module.
2, step S4: the qubit responds to the qubit read detection signal and outputs a qubit read return signal carrying the logic state information of the qubit.
Step S5: the main control module controls the qubit reading and detecting module to collect the qubit reading and returning signal and simultaneously sends the qubit reading and returning signal to the main control module, and the main control module processes the qubit reading and returning signal in real time to obtain a qubit logic state.
Specifically, in order to realize the acquisition and real-time uploading of the qubit reading return signal, the qubit reading return signal can be acquired in time by integrating a high-performance analog-to-digital converter inside or outside the FPGA. Meanwhile, the processing of reading the return signal of the quantum bit can be carried out through a user logic module arranged in the FPGA.
Step S6: the main control module determines whether to adjust the qubit control signal according to the consistency of the qubit logic state and a qubit preset logic state; and when the logic state of the qubit is consistent with the preset logic state of the qubit, the master control module keeps the qubit control signal which controls the signal generation module to output unchanged.
In the above process, in order to realize the cyclic utilization control of the qubits limited by the qubit decoherence characteristic, on one hand, the qubits read the return signal and transmit the signal while collecting the signal, so as to ensure the rapid transmission of the signal, and the main control module processes the qubit read return signal in real time to obtain the logic state of the qubits, so that the feedback time is shortened together. On the other hand, in the process, a qubit reading return signal is converted into qubit logic state information, and then the qubit logic state information is compared with a qubit preset logic state, because the qubit logic state and the qubit preset logic state are both ground states or combined states, the ground states such as |0>, |1>, and the combined states of two qubits such as |01>, |00> and the like, and the qubit logic state and the qubit combined state are both simply represented in signal representation, on the one hand, the comparison is more efficient, and the feedback time can be shortened in an auxiliary manner; on the other hand, the comparison is accurate. Under the guidance of the idea of shortening the feedback time in the whole process, the detection of the qubit control signals is ensured through the structural detection of the change of the logic state of the qubits caused by each qubit control signal, and the cyclic utilization efficiency of the qubits is further effectively improved.
As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the step S5 where the main control module processes the qubit reading return signal in real time to obtain the qubit logic state specifically includes:
step S51: converting the qubit reading return signal into a coordinate point to be analyzed of an orthogonal plane coordinate system by virtue of a first demodulation reference signal; the first demodulation reference signal is a sine demodulation reference signal and/or a cosine demodulation reference signal.
Step S52: obtaining a quantum bit logic state according to the position relation between the coordinate point to be analyzed and a preset straight line in the orthogonal plane; wherein: one side of the preset straight line represents a first known qubit logic state, and the other side of the preset straight line represents a second known qubit logic state; wherein, the first known qubit logic state is |0> or |1>, and the second known qubit logic state is |1> or |0 >.
Specifically, one side of the preset straight line represents a first known qubit logic state |0>, and the other side of the preset straight line represents a second known qubit logic state |1>, or one side of the preset straight line represents a first known qubit logic state |1>, and the other side of the preset straight line represents a second known qubit logic state |0>, which are related to the characteristics of the preset straight line.
Specifically, the method for obtaining the preset straight line includes:
step S521: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a qubit reading signal when the qubit is in the qubit logic state |0> as a first signal, and obtaining a qubit reading signal when the qubit is in the qubit logic state |1> as a second signal.
Step S522: and converting the first signal and the second signal into a first known coordinate point and a second known coordinate point of an orthogonal plane coordinate system by means of the first demodulation reference signal respectively.
Step S523: and determining a perpendicular bisector of a connecting line of the first known coordinate point and the second known coordinate point as the preset straight line.
At this time, one side of the preset straight line where the first known coordinate point is located represents the logic state |0> of the qubit, and one side of the preset straight line where the second known coordinate point is located represents the logic state |1> of the qubit.
In addition, in the whole process of obtaining the logic state of the qubit by processing the qubit reading feedback signal in real time by the main control module, the ordinate values of the first known coordinate point and the second known coordinate point are equal or the abscissa values of the first known coordinate point and the second known coordinate point are equal by selecting the initial phase of the first demodulation reference signal. When the ordinate values of the first known coordinate point and the second known coordinate point are equal, the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of the first known coordinate point and the second known coordinate point is a straight line of the Y axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the parallel plane. When the abscissa and ordinate values of the first known coordinate point and the second known coordinate point are equal, the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of the first known coordinate point and the second known coordinate point is a straight line of the X axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the parallel plane.
It should be noted that the initial phase of the corresponding first demodulation reference signal is calibrated when the preset straight line is a straight line parallel to the X axis or the Y axis of the planar rectangular coordinate system. At this time, when the first demodulation reference signal with the calibrated initial phase is used to demodulate the qubit reading return signal to obtain a demodulation result, the X coordinate value of the coordinate point to be analyzed or the Y coordinate value of the coordinate point may be obtained in a targeted manner.
The former, that is, only obtaining the X-coordinate value of the coordinate point to be analyzed, can be realized by using the sinusoidal demodulation reference signal, so that the first demodulation reference signal is the sinusoidal demodulation reference signal at this time. In addition, only the X-coordinate value of the coordinate point to be analyzed is obtained, which is suitable for the case where the preset straight line is the straight line of the Y-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the parallel plane, that is, the linear equation of X ═ a, at this time, only the magnitude relation between the X-coordinate value of the coordinate point to be analyzed and a needs to be directly compared. Where a is a constant representing a preset straight line position.
The latter, namely, only obtaining the Y coordinate value of the coordinate point to be analyzed, can be realized by using the cosine demodulation reference signal, so that the first demodulation reference signal is the cosine demodulation reference signal at this time. In addition, only the X coordinate value of the coordinate point to be analyzed is obtained, which is suitable for the case where the preset straight line is the straight line of the X axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the parallel plane, that is, the linear equation of Y ═ b, at this time, only the magnitude relation between the Y coordinate value of the coordinate point to be analyzed and b needs to be directly compared. Where b is a constant representing a preset straight line position.
As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, when the logic state of the qubit is inconsistent with the preset logic state of the qubit and a deviation between the logic state of the qubit and the preset logic state of the qubit is within a preset deviation range, the master control module controls the signal generation module to adjust the qubit control signal according to the deviation between the logic state of the qubit and the preset logic state of the qubit. The real-time error correction processing of the qubit can be realized by adjusting the qubit control signal according to the deviation between the qubit logic state and the preset qubit logic state, and a guarantee is provided for cyclic utilization of the qubit.
As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, when the logic state of the qubit is inconsistent with the preset logic state of the qubit and a deviation between the logic state of the qubit and the preset logic state of the qubit is not within a preset deviation range, the master control module controls the signal generation module to no longer continuously output the qubit control signal, and the master control module sends the qubit reading feedback signal to the upper computer.
As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the adjusting the qubit control signal by the master control module control signal generation module, or the no longer continuing to output the qubit control signal by the master control module control signal generation module, further includes: and the master control module sends the qubit reading return signal to an upper computer according to the requirement.
As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the processing, by the qubit reading detection module, the qubit reading return signal in real time to obtain the qubit logic state further includes: and storing the qubit reading return signal, and sending the qubit reading return signal to the main control module as required.
The construction, features and functions of the present invention are described in detail in the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited by the drawings, and all equivalent embodiments modified or changed according to the idea of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention covered by the description and the drawings.
Claims (8)
1. A feedback control method of a quantum chip is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the main control module controls the signal generation module to output a quantum bit control signal; wherein: the qubit control signal is used for acting on the qubit of the qubit chip to change the logic state of the qubit;
the qubit changing a logic state of the qubit in response to the qubit control signal;
the master control module controls the qubit reading detection module to output a qubit reading detection signal; wherein: the qubit reading detection signal is used for acting on the qubit of the quantum chip to read the logic state of the qubit;
the qubit responds to the qubit reading detection signal and outputs a qubit reading return signal carrying logic state information of the qubit;
the master control module controls the qubit reading and detecting module to collect the qubit reading and returning signal and simultaneously sends the qubit reading and returning signal to the master control module, and the master control module processes the qubit reading and returning signal in real time to obtain a qubit logic state;
the main control module determines whether to adjust the qubit control signal according to the consistency of the qubit logic state and a qubit preset logic state; and when the logic state of the qubit is consistent with the preset logic state of the qubit, the master control module keeps the qubit control signal which controls the signal generation module to output unchanged.
2. The feedback control method of a quantum chip according to claim 1, wherein: the master control module control signal generation module outputs a qubit control signal, and specifically includes:
the main control module receives an instruction sent by an upper computer, and the instruction corresponds to the quantum programs loaded in the upper computer one by one;
the main control module generates and outputs the signal control instruction to a signal generation module according to the instruction;
and the signal generation module outputs the quantum bit control signal according to the received signal control instruction.
3. The feedback control method of a quantum chip according to claim 1, wherein: the main control module processes the qubit reading return signal in real time to obtain a qubit logic state, and specifically includes:
converting the qubit reading return signal into a coordinate point to be analyzed of an orthogonal plane coordinate system by virtue of a first demodulation reference signal; the first demodulation reference signal is a sine demodulation reference signal and/or a cosine demodulation reference signal;
obtaining a quantum bit logic state according to the position relation between the coordinate point to be analyzed and a preset straight line in the orthogonal plane; wherein: one side of the preset straight line represents a first known qubit logic state, the other side of the preset straight line represents a second known qubit logic state, and the first known qubit logic state is |0> or |1>, and then the second known qubit logic state is |1> or |0 >.
4. The feedback control method of a quantum chip according to claim 3, wherein: the preset straight line is obtained by the following method:
obtaining a qubit reading return signal when the qubit is in the qubit logic state |0> as a first signal, and obtaining a qubit reading return signal when the qubit is in the qubit logic state |1> as a second signal;
converting the first signal and the second signal into a first known coordinate point and a second known coordinate point of an orthogonal plane coordinate system by means of the first demodulation reference signal, respectively;
and determining a perpendicular bisector of a connecting line of the first known coordinate point and the second known coordinate point as the preset straight line.
5. The feedback control method of a quantum chip according to claim 1, wherein: when the logic state of the qubit is inconsistent with the preset logic state of the qubit and the deviation between the logic state of the qubit and the preset logic state of the qubit is within a preset deviation range, the master control module controls the signal generation module to adjust the qubit control signal according to the deviation between the logic state of the qubit and the preset logic state of the qubit.
6. The feedback control method of a quantum chip according to claim 5, wherein: and when the logic state of the qubit is inconsistent with the preset logic state of the qubit and the deviation between the logic state of the qubit and the preset logic state of the qubit is not within the preset deviation range, the master control module controls the signal generation module not to continue outputting the qubit control signal.
7. The feedback control method of a quantum chip according to claim 6, wherein: the master control module control signal generation module adjusts the qubit control signal, or the master control module control signal generation module does not continue to output the qubit control signal, and further comprises:
and the master control module sends the qubit reading return signal to an upper computer according to the requirement.
8. The feedback control method of a quantum chip according to claim 1, wherein: the qubit reading detection module processes the qubit reading feedback signal in real time to obtain a qubit logic state, and simultaneously further comprises:
and storing the qubit reading return signal, and sending the qubit reading return signal to the main control module as required.
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| CN109597347A (en) | 2019-04-09 |
| CN209486489U (en) | 2019-10-11 |
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Address after: 230008 6th floor, building E2, phase II, pioneering Industrial Park, Hefei hi tech Zone, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Benyuan Quantum Computing Technology (Hefei) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 230008 6th floor, building E2, phase II, pioneering Industrial Park, Hefei hi tech Zone, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee before: ORIGIN QUANTUM COMPUTING COMPANY, LIMITED, HEFEI |