CN109597193B - Compact wide-spectrum optical system - Google Patents
Compact wide-spectrum optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109597193B CN109597193B CN201710920331.0A CN201710920331A CN109597193B CN 109597193 B CN109597193 B CN 109597193B CN 201710920331 A CN201710920331 A CN 201710920331A CN 109597193 B CN109597193 B CN 109597193B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0864—Catadioptric systems having non-imaging properties
- G02B17/0876—Catadioptric systems having non-imaging properties for light collecting, e.g. for use with a detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0896—Catadioptric systems with variable magnification or multiple imaging planes, including multispectral systems
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Abstract
The compact infrared broad spectrum optical system comprises an integrated catadioptric lens, a reflector and a lens, wherein the outer ring area of the front surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface, the central area of the integrated catadioptric lens is an internal reflection surface, and the rear surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface; the light rays are transmitted to the rear surface S2 of the integral lens through the outer ring area S1 of the front surface of the integral lens, and then transmitted to the reflector S3 through the rear surface S2 of the integral lens; the light rays are reflected by the reflector to reach the central region of the rear surface S4 of the integral type catadioptric lens and are transmitted by the central region, the light rays reach the central region S5 of the front surface of the integral type catadioptric lens, the light rays are reflected by the front surface S5 of the integral type catadioptric lens and are transmitted by the central region S6 of the rear surface of the integral type catadioptric lens, the light rays pass through the rear surface S7 of the lens and S8, and finally are imaged on the surface of a detector through the diaphragm 1, so that the 1-5-micrometer wide spectral optical system is realized, and the integrated catadioptric lens has the advantages of compact structure, easiness in assembly and adjustment and good stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of space-based remote sensing, and relates to a compact wide-spectrum optical system.
Background
At present, in a traditional guided infrared system, due to the limitation of spectral responsivity of a detector, imaging is mainly divided into three wave bands: the near infrared wave band is 0.7-1.5 μm; the medium wave infrared band is 3-5 μm, and the long wave infrared band is 8-12 μm. However, under the interference methods of complex battlefield environment, target camouflage, interference bombs and the like, the single wave band is difficult to satisfy the requirement of a guidance system for identifying true and false targets. And a multi-spectral optical system can overcome the above disadvantages. However, due to the limitations of materials, volume and structure, the design difficulty of a miniaturized wide-spectrum optical system is increased.
To realize a broad spectrum optical system, there are currently three main design methods: one is to adopt a full-transmission optical system, which has more mirror surfaces and a longer structure, and the optical efficiency is difficult to reach high when the transmittance of the whole system is high; and the other one is to adopt an off-axis optical system and three off-axis optical reflective optical systems. The optical system has large space volume, difficult installation and adjustment and high processing cost; the third type is a traditional turn-back optical system which is compact in structure, but has the defects that a secondary imaging optical structure is needed in an optical system needing cold diaphragm matching, the number of lenses is large, and the assembly and adjustment difficulty is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a compact wide-spectrum optical system, which realizes a 1-5 μm wide-spectrum optical system and has the advantages of compact structure, easy installation and adjustment and good stability.
The invention provides a compact wide-spectrum optical system, which comprises an integrated catadioptric lens, a reflector, a lens and a diaphragm, wherein the outer ring area of the front surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface, the central area of the integrated catadioptric lens is an internal reflection surface, the rear surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface, light firstly transmits through the outer ring area S1 area of the front surface of the integrated catadioptric lens to reach the rear surface S2 of the integrated catadioptric lens, and then transmits through the rear surface S2 of the integrated catadioptric lens to reach the reflector S3; light reaches through the speculum reflection reaches rear surface S4 central area of integral type catadioptric lens, through the central area transmission, light reaches the preceding S5 central area of integral type catadioptric lens, light process the preceding S5 reflection back of integral type catadioptric lens, pass through the rear surface central area S6 transmission of integral type catadioptric lens, pass through the front surface S7 and the rear surface S8 of lens, through the diaphragm at detector surface formation of image.
Optionally, the front outer annular region S1 and the rear surface S4 of the unitary catadioptric lens are transmissive surfaces, and the rear surface S2 and the mirror S3 of the unitary catadioptric lens are reflective surfaces.
Optionally, the diaphragm is located behind the lens, and the distance between the diaphragm and the exit surface of the lens is 0-30 mm.
Optionally, the integrated catadioptric lens is formed by processing a lens in a surface shape respectively in a central area and an outer ring area of the front surface of the lens, plating a transmission film in the outer ring area, and plating a reflection film in the central area.
Optionally, the rear surface of the integral catadioptric lens is formed by one-step machining.
Optionally, the front surface, the rear surface and the surface of the integral type folding lens are aspheric surfaces, the surface of the reflector is aspheric surface, and the front surface and the rear surface of the lens are aspheric surfaces.
Optionally, the lens is a lens with positive optical power.
Optionally, the ratio of the focal length of each lens to the focal length f of the whole optical system is as follows:
5<f1/f<15；
0.7<f2/f<0.9；
-0.6<f3/f<-0.9；
0.4<f4/f<0.9；
0.9<F/D<2.4；
wherein f is the focal length of the entire optical system;
f1 is an integral lens surface S1, S2 to form a focal length;
f2 is the focal length of the mirror surface S3;
f3 is an integral lens surface S4, S5 and S6 which form a focal length;
f4 is the focal length of lens surfaces S7 and S8.
Optionally, the surface aspheres of the lens and the integral folding lens satisfy the following functions:
wherein z is an axial value which takes the intersection point of each aspheric surface and the optical axis as a starting point and is parallel to the direction of the optical axis, k is a Conic coefficient, c is the reciprocal of the curvature radius of the center of the mirror surface, and r is the height of the center of the mirror surface; a4, a6, A8, a10, and a12 are aspheric coefficients.
According to the compact type wide-spectrum optical system provided by the invention, the Schmidt and the Mangin reflector are integrated on one lens, so that light shielding caused by a traditional three-lens fixed secondary mirror method is reduced, and the effective incident light aperture is increased; meanwhile, the secondary mirror is removed from installation and adjustment, the integral catadioptric lens is machined by a diamond lathe, and the precision of the integral catadioptric lens can be guaranteed. The invention adopts three lenses, realizes a 1-5 mu m wide spectrum optical system, and has the advantages of compact structure, easy adjustment and good stability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a compact broad spectrum optical system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an aspheric side view of a compact broad spectrum optical system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of field-of-view optical transfer function mtf in a compact broad-spectrum optical system as set forth in embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a spot diagram at a field of view in the compact broad spectrum optical system proposed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention provides a compact wide-spectrum optical system, which comprises an integrated catadioptric lens, a reflector, a lens and a diaphragm, wherein the outer ring area of the front surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface, the central area of the integrated catadioptric lens is an internal reflection surface, the rear surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface, light firstly transmits through the outer ring area S1 area of the front surface of the integrated catadioptric lens to reach the rear surface S2 of the integrated catadioptric lens, and then transmits through the rear surface S2 of the integrated catadioptric lens to reach the reflector S3; light reaches through the speculum reflection reaches rear surface S4 central area of integral type catadioptric lens, through the central area transmission, light reaches the preceding S5 central area of integral type catadioptric lens, light process the preceding S5 reflection back of integral type catadioptric lens, pass through the rear surface central area S6 transmission of integral type catadioptric lens, pass through the front surface S7 and the rear surface S8 of lens, through the diaphragm at detector surface formation of image.
As shown in fig. 1, the compact infrared broad spectrum optical system includes an integral catadioptric lens L1, a mirror L2, a lens L3, and a diaphragm 1. The integral type catadioptric lens L1 is arranged at the forefront, the reflector L2 is arranged at the rear of the integral type lens L1, the lens L3 is arranged at the rear of the reflector L2, and the diaphragm 1 is arranged at the rear of the lens L3.
The front surface outer ring area S1 and the rear surface S4 of the integral type catadioptric lens are transmission surfaces, and the rear surface S2 and the reflector S3 of the integral type catadioptric lens are reflection surfaces.
The diaphragm is located behind the lens, and the distance between the diaphragm and the emergent surface of the lens is 0-30 mm.
The integrated catadioptric lens is formed by processing a lens in a mode that a central area and an outer ring area of the front surface of the lens are respectively subjected to surface type processing, a transmission film is plated in the outer ring area, and a reflection film is plated in the central area.
The rear surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is formed by one-time processing.
The front surface, the rear surface and the surface of the integral type turn-back lens are aspheric surfaces, the surface of the reflector is an aspheric surface, and the front surface and the rear surface of the lens are aspheric surfaces.
The lens is a lens with positive focal power.
The ratio f of the focal length of each lens to the focal length of the whole optical system is as follows:
5<f1/f<15；
0.7<f2/f<0.9；
-0.6<f3/f<-0.9；
0.4<f4/f<0.9；
0.9<F/D<2.4；
wherein f is the focal length of the entire optical system;
f1 is an integral lens surface S1, S2 to form a focal length;
f2 is the focal length of the mirror surface S3;
f3 is an integral lens surface S4, S5 and S6 which form a focal length;
f4 is the focal length of lens surfaces S7 and S8.
The surface aspheric surfaces of the lens and the integral type turn-back lens satisfy the following functions:
wherein z is an axial value which takes the intersection point of each aspheric surface and the optical axis as a starting point and is parallel to the direction of the optical axis, k is a Conic coefficient, c is the reciprocal of the curvature radius of the center of the mirror surface, and r is the height of the center of the mirror surface; a4, a6, A8, a10, and a12 are aspheric coefficients.
The ratio f of the focal length of each lens to the focal length of the whole optical system is as follows:
5<f1/f<15
0.7<f2/f<0.9
-0.6<f3/f<-0.9
0.4<f4/f<0.9
0.9<F/D<2.4
wherein f is the focal length of the entire optical system;
f1 is an integral lens surface S1, S2 to form a focal length;
f2 is the focal length of the mirror surface S3;
f3 is an integral lens surface S4, S5 and S6 which form a focal length;
f4 is the focal length formed by the lens surfaces S7 and S8;
the focal lengths of the surface S1, the fixed correction lens and the integral folding lens are different, and F/D is the focal ratio of the whole optical system.
When the ratio of the focal length f of each lens to the focal length f of the entire optical system satisfies the above condition, the transfer function of the entire optical system reaches 0.5 or more at 17lp/mm, and the spot size approaches the diffraction limit.
The integral catadioptric lens is characterized in that a single optical material is used for processing a front surface and a rear surface respectively to form 3 optical surfaces which are aspheric surfaces, the four surfaces can be marked as S1, S2, S4(S6) and S5 according to the sequence of light rays, wherein the central circle area of the front surface is S5 and is an internal reflection surface, and the outer ring area is S1 and is a transmission surface; the rear surface center circular region is S4(S6) and is a transmission plane, and the outer ring region is S2 and is an inner transmission plane.
The optical path of the present optical system is briefly described below:
the light rays are transmitted to the rear surface S2 of the integral type catadioptric lens through an outer ring area S1 of the front surface of the integral type catadioptric lens, and then transmitted to the reflector S3 through the rear surface S2 of the integral type catadioptric lens; the light is reflected by the reflector S3 to reach the central area of the rear surface S4 of the integral type catadioptric lens, is transmitted by the central area, reaches the central area of the front surface S5 of the integral type catadioptric lens, is refracted and reflected by the integral type catadioptric lens, is transmitted by the central area S6 of the rear surface of the integral type catadioptric lens, passes through the rear surfaces of the lenses S7 and S8, is imaged on the surface of a detector through the diaphragm 1 finally, and is refracted and reflected for multiple times, so that the total length of the system is shortened, and various on-axis and off-axis aberrations are well corrected.
The aspheric surface shape satisfies the following function:
wherein z is an axial value which takes the intersection point of each aspheric surface and the optical axis as a starting point and is parallel to the direction of the optical axis, k is a Conic coefficient, c is the reciprocal of the curvature radius of the center of the mirror surface, and r is the height of the center of the mirror surface; a2, A4, A6, A8 and A10 are aspheric coefficients
As a preferred example of the present invention, the focal length of the selected lens is 54mm, the focal ratio (F/D) is 2, the total length of the full lens is 51mm, the field of view is 20, and the design result shows that the optical transfer function is more than 0.45 at 17lp/mm, the geometric spot is uniform and close to the diffraction limit, and the imaging quality is good. A series of preferred data are selected from the graph 1 and are shown in the following tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1
Wherein, the data in the fifth column in table 1 are from top to bottom: the outer ring lens center thickness of L1 (i.e., the distance between the geometric center of S1 to the geometric center of S2); the distance from the geometric center of S2 to the geometric center of S3; the distance from the geometric center of S3 to the geometric center of S4; l1 center lens thickness (distance between S4 geometric center to S5 geometric center/distance between S5 geometric center to S6 geometric center); the distance from the geometric center of S6 to the geometric center of S7; the distance between the geometric center of the center thickness S7 to the geometric center of S8 of L3; s8 distance between geometric center and center of diaphragm 1; the distance between the diaphragm 1 and the center of the detector.
TABLE 2
| Surface of | A4 | A6 | A8 | A10 |
| S1 | 1.1587E-005 | -3.647E-008 | 6.5865E-011 | -3.486E-014 |
| S2 | 1.2535E-005 | -4.212E-008 | 8.2407E-011 | -3.508E-014 |
| S3 | -7.771E-007 | 3.880E-009 | -2.950E-011 | 3.1514E-014 |
| S4 | 1.2535E-005 | -4.212E-008 | 8.2407E-011 | -3.508E-014 |
| S5 | 5.663E-006 | -3.938E-009 | -8.970E-011 | -7.029E-013 |
| S6 | 1.2535E-005 | -4.212E-008 | 8.2407E-011 | -3.508E-014 |
| S7 | 8.1388E-005 | -2.384E-007 | 4.567E-008 | -2.362E-010 |
| S8 | 1.2749E-004 | -2.170E-007 | 2.677E-008 | 6.9320E-011 |
In the preferred embodiment described above, ZNSE is used for cowl L1 and a multi-light ZNS material is used for lens L3.
The compact infrared wide spectrum optical system comprises an integrated catadioptric lens, a reflector and a lens, wherein the outer ring area of the front surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface, the central area of the integrated catadioptric lens is an internal reflection surface, and the rear surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface; the light rays are transmitted to the rear surface S2 of the integral lens through the outer ring area S1 of the front surface of the integral lens, and then transmitted to the reflector S3 through the rear surface S2 of the integral lens; the light rays are reflected by the reflector to reach the central area of the rear surface S4 of the integral type catadioptric lens, are transmitted by the central area, reach the central area of the front surface S5 of the integral type catadioptric lens, are reflected by the front surface S5 of the integral type catadioptric lens, are transmitted by the central area S6 of the rear surface of the integral type catadioptric lens, are imaged on the surface of a detector by the diaphragm 1 after passing through the surfaces of the lenses S7 and S8, and are finally integrated on one lens with the Schmidt and the Mangin reflector, so that the light ray shielding brought by the traditional three-support fixed secondary lens grasping method is reduced, and the effective light entrance aperture is increased; meanwhile, the secondary mirror is removed from installation and adjustment, the integral catadioptric lens is machined by a diamond lathe, and the precision of the integral catadioptric lens can be guaranteed. The invention adopts three lenses, realizes a 1-5 mu m wide spectrum optical system, and has the advantages of compact structure, easy adjustment and good stability.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Claims (5)
1. A compact type wide spectrum optical system is characterized by comprising an integrated catadioptric lens, a reflector, a lens and a diaphragm, wherein the outer ring area of the front surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface, the central area of the integrated catadioptric lens is an internal reflection surface, the rear surface of the integrated catadioptric lens is a transmission surface, light firstly passes through the outer ring area S1 of the front surface of the integrated catadioptric lens to reach the rear surface S2 of the integrated catadioptric lens, then passes through the rear surface S2 of the integrated catadioptric lens to be transmitted, and reaches the surface S3 of the reflector; the light rays are reflected by the reflector to reach a central region S4 of the rear surface of the integral type catadioptric lens, are transmitted by the central region, reach a central region S5 of the front surface of the integral type catadioptric lens, are reflected by a central region S5 of the front surface of the integral type catadioptric lens, are transmitted by a central region S6 of the rear surface of the integral type catadioptric lens, pass through a front surface S7 and a rear surface S8 of the lens, and are imaged on the surface of a detector through a diaphragm;
the front surface outer ring region S1 and the rear surface central region S4 of the unitary catadioptric lens are transmissive surfaces, and the rear surface S2 and the surface S3 of the mirror are reflective surfaces;
the integrated catadioptric lens is formed by processing a lens in a way that a central area and an outer ring area of the front surface of the lens are subjected to surface type processing respectively, a transmission film is plated in the outer ring area, and a reflection film is plated in the central area;
the diaphragm is positioned behind the lens, and the distance between the diaphragm and the emergent surface of the lens is 0-30 mm;
the ratio f of the focal length of each lens to the focal length of the whole optical system is as follows:
5<f1/f<15
0.7<f2/f<0.9
-0.6<f3/f<-0.9
0.4<f4/f<0.9
0.9<F/D<2.4
wherein f is the focal length of the entire optical system;
f1 is an integral folding lens surface S1, S2 to form a focal length;
f2 is the focal length of the mirror surface S3;
f3 is an integral folding lens surface S4, S5 and S6 which form a focal length;
f4 is the focal length of lens surfaces S7 and S8.
2. The compact broad spectrum optical system of claim 1 wherein the rear surface of the unitary catadioptric lens is formed in one pass.
3. The compact broad spectrum optical system of claim 1 wherein the integral catadioptric lens has both an anterior surface and a posterior surface that are aspheric, the mirror surface is aspheric, and the anterior surface and the posterior surface of the lens are aspheric.
4. The compact broad spectrum optical system of claim 1 wherein said lens is a lens having a positive optical power.
5. The compact broad spectrum optical system of claim 1 wherein the surface aspheres of the lens and the unitary catadioptric lens satisfy the following function:
wherein z is an axial value which takes the intersection point of each aspheric surface and the optical axis as a starting point and is parallel to the direction of the optical axis, k is a Conic coefficient, c is the reciprocal of the curvature radius of the center of the mirror surface, and r is the height of the center of the mirror surface; a is2、a3、a4、a5、a6Are aspheric coefficients.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6462889B1 (en) * | 2000-06-22 | 2002-10-08 | Raytheon Company | Conformal-dome optical system with rotationally symmetric stationary optical baffles |
| RU2368924C2 (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-09-27 | Василий Андреевич Сениченков | High-aperture catadioptric lens |
| CN102707413A (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2012-10-03 | 苏州大学 | Long-focus optical system for star tracker |
| CN102798976A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-11-28 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Compact type conformal optical system |
| CN106324817A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-01-11 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Compact optical system |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6462889B1 (en) * | 2000-06-22 | 2002-10-08 | Raytheon Company | Conformal-dome optical system with rotationally symmetric stationary optical baffles |
| RU2368924C2 (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-09-27 | Василий Андреевич Сениченков | High-aperture catadioptric lens |
| CN102707413A (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2012-10-03 | 苏州大学 | Long-focus optical system for star tracker |
| CN102798976A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-11-28 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Compact type conformal optical system |
| CN106324817A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-01-11 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Compact optical system |
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