CN109560392A - A kind of low cost wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system - Google Patents
A kind of low cost wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109560392A CN109560392A CN201811483957.0A CN201811483957A CN109560392A CN 109560392 A CN109560392 A CN 109560392A CN 201811483957 A CN201811483957 A CN 201811483957A CN 109560392 A CN109560392 A CN 109560392A
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna systems, including multiple for setting up the antenna element of big pitch arrays, big at least one graing lobe of pitch arrays peripheral disposition eliminates unit, each antenna element includes the primary lens of a dragon, at least one changeable feed and at least one receiving-transmitting chain, the changeable feed is located at below the primary lens of the dragon, and the receiving-transmitting chain realizes that signal is connect with the changeable feed.The present invention is by using above structure, compared to traditional phased array antenna, cost can be greatly saved, improve the shortcoming that the primary lens weight of traditional dragon is big, Insertion Loss is big simultaneously, and by the feed of multiple changeable selections below each primary lens of dragon, it can realize that multiple radiation and wave number scan by reasonable radio frequency design.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to phased array antenna technical fields, and in particular to a kind of low cost wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna
System.
Background technique
Phased array antenna is the product being born as radar system develops.Due to its lobin, fast response time, use
The features such as extensive on the way, the always heat subject of field of antenna research for many years, while being also advanced capabilities radar or communication system
One of antenna considered at first.Traditional phased array antenna is made of multiple unit close-packed arrays, before there is not graing lobe
Putting cell spacing is corresponding half-wavelength of working frequency or so, by the input signal of each unit of independent control, changes it
Amplitude, phase or time delay realize the scanning of the wave beam of antenna.Therefore, one group of T/R group is required in each unit rear end
Part controls receiving and transmitting signal, this reduce the cost of system can not, and brings space utilization, at heat dissipation
The problem of a series of complex such as reason, power consumption, control circuit, power supply circuit, structure design.The example of traditional phased array is in patent
" CN201510568051.9 " has specific descriptions in " CN201610790949.5 ".
For having for the antenna of high directionality requirement, the unit for needing a myriad of is realized with phased array antenna, and
And T/R component, phase shifter or delayer for needing equivalent amount etc. support circuit, it is extremely high that this has resulted in antenna cost
It is expensive.By taking Ka frequency range as an example, front is arranged with cell spacing 5mm, and use micro-strip paster antenna as unit, to obtain 36dBi with
On gain, conventional square face battle array needs to arrange 40*40 (1600) a unit, then needs the rear end radio frequency of identical quantity simultaneously
Component cooperates.Thus the wave beam for being just able to achieve two-dimensional space is adjustable.
Another problem generated along with multiple units is exactly power consumption and heat dissipation, and such case usually occurs in array element
In Large Phased Array Radar more than number.Due to using while plurality of cells, cause phased array antenna calorific value very big, and it is single
First spacing need to maintain half-wavelength or so, so the heat-dissipating space that can be reserved is limited.Therefore the phased array of many large sizes can not be grown
Time non-stop run.
Common phased array can only achieve ± 60 ° along axial wave cover angle, this will constrain phase to a certain extent
The performance for controlling battle array, such as document " A Dual-Band Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Antenna in K/
Ka Bands for Satellite-on-the-Move Applications " (delivers periodical: 201711th European
Conference on Antennas and Propagation;Date issued: in March, 2017;Author: Kamil Yavuz
Kapusuz,Aydin Civi, Alexander G.Yarovoy) introduce phased array antenna.
In conclusion phased array should be to lower production cost, the beam coverage of greater angle, while having more
The target of a wave beam, reduction power consumption and sustainable non-stop run is developed.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system
System, it is higher to solve existing phased array antenna production cost, the relatively narrow problem of wave cover angular range.
The present invention to achieve the above object, is implemented with the following technical solutions:
A kind of low cost wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system, including at least one antenna element, each day
Line unit includes the primary lens of a dragon, at least one changeable feed and at least one receiving-transmitting chain, the changeable feed
Below the primary lens of the dragon, the receiving-transmitting chain realizes that signal is connect with the changeable feed.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, including multiple for setting up the antenna element of big pitch arrays, big spacing
Array periphery arranges that at least one graing lobe eliminates unit, each antenna element include the primary lens of dragon, at least one can
Switch feed and at least one receiving-transmitting chain, the changeable feed is located at below the primary lens of the dragon, the receiving-transmitting chain
Realize that signal is connect with the changeable feed.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the primary lens of dragon are made of 3D printing, and shape can be with
For spherical, flattened cylindrical shape or other shapes.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the changeable feed is microstrip antenna, Vivaldi antenna, loudspeaker day
Any one in line, yagi aerial.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the receiving-transmitting chain includes at least one sequentially connected radio frequency hilted broadsword
Multithrow switch, at least one T/R component, at least one phase shifter.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the receiving-transmitting chain is simple beam high-gain wide-angle wave cover situation
Under the receiving-transmitting chain of active phase array antenna perhaps the receiving-transmitting chain of multiple-beam array antenna or Dan Longbai lens are presented more
The multibeam antenna receiving-transmitting chain in source or radio frequency list receipts, single-shot or the receiving-transmitting chain of other forms.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the receiving-transmitting chain is simple beam high-gain wide-angle wave cover situation
Under active phase array antenna receiving-transmitting chain, the antenna element includes multiple primary lens of dragon, the lower section of each primary lens of dragon
Equipped with multiple changeable feeds, each changeable feed is sequentially connected filter, amplifier, phase shifter.In addition, can be according to reality
Switch is placed in the rear end of filter, amplifier, phase shifter by service condition, carries out beam switchover or transmitting-receiving using low frequency switch
Switching.
Further, as optimal technical scheme, the receiving-transmitting chain is the receiving-transmitting chain of multiple-beam array antenna, described
Antenna element includes multiple primary lens of dragon, multiple single pole multiple throws is arranged below each primary lens of dragon, each hilted broadsword is thrown out more
Pass is sequentially connected filter, amplifier, phase shifter.The position of the switch also can be changed, and be placed in link rearmost end.
It further, further include antenna house and pedestal as optimal technical scheme, the antenna house is fastened on pedestal,
The antenna element is located at antenna house.
It further, further include bracket as optimal technical scheme, the bracket setting is below the primary lens of dragon, bracket
It is equipped with the groove to match with the shape of the primary lens of dragon, the through-hole of several through-going recess, the bracket are equipped in the groove
Lower section is engraved structure.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have the following advantages that and the utility model has the advantages that
(1) present invention constructs one with the primary lens of dragon relatively by locally integrating the array element of traditional phased array antenna
Traditional single radiating element higher gain, carry out big spaced sets battle array to reduce element number of array, it is phased with the tradition of 40*40 array element
Array antenna comparison, the diameter of Luneberg lens antenna unit proposed by the present invention is 30mm, and arranges 37 planes thereunder
Feed can be switched in micro-strip, is made into phased array antenna with this element, according to uniform hexagon used in the present invention structure the formation it is only necessary to
91 units can reach the radiation gain of 36dBi, and the coverage area of wave beam of the present invention reaches ± 70 ° or more, compares
Traditional phased array antenna, rear end radio frequency component quantity is reduced to 91 by 1600 by the present invention just can reach same effect
Fruit can be greatly saved cost.
(2) present invention has carried out miniaturization processing to microband paste feed, single feed maximum caliber only 4.4mm, in conjunction with
The demand of wide-angle wave cover, in 37 identical microband paste feeds of the single primary ball-type lens arranged beneath of dragon, guaranteeing should
The radiation beam cone of coverage of antenna element reaches ± 70 ° or more, can be further by wave according to the central symmetry principle of the primary lens of dragon
Beam cone of coverage increases, and even up to as many as ± 80 °, and radiance will not be deteriorated.
(3) present invention makes the primary lens of dragon, compared with traditional foaming technique, 3D printing by using 3D printing technique
More accurate to the control of material, made lens improve that the primary lens weight of traditional dragon is big, Insertion Loss closer to theoretical case
Big shortcoming.
(4) present invention uses the mode of structuring the formation of big spacing to reserve biggish space for rear end radio frequency component, whether penetrates
Putting for frequency component is still radiated, the processing of support is all more convenient flexible;By multiple changeable below each primary lens of dragon
The feed of selection can realize that multiple radiation and wave number scan by reasonable radio frequency design;In having due to the primary lens of dragon
Heart symmetry, when needing wide-angle wave cover, it is only necessary to which increasing feed in corresponding angle can be realized, and will not
The problem of beam gain can decline when there is traditional phased array antenna wide-angle scanning.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is cross-sectional view of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of antenna element of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the composed structure schematic diagram of Luneberg lens antenna unit of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure of the active phase array antenna signal transmitting and receiving link in the case of simple beam high-gain wide-angle wave cover
Schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the signal transmitting and receiving link of multiple-beam array antenna;
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the multibeam antenna signal transmitting and receiving link under the single primary lens service condition of dragon;
Fig. 7 is the antenna pattern of lower four feeds of simple lens of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the part wave beam pointing direction figure of wide-angle wave cover active phase array antenna of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment:
The operating frequency of antenna that the present invention designs is 29GHz~31GHz, and Fig. 1 is cross-sectional view of the invention, including such as lower part
Point: antenna house 101, antenna house can choose the antenna house of different materials, shape and performance according to actual use situation, in figure only
Work is illustrated;The pedestal 102 of entire antenna, for supporting entire phased array antenna, including antenna and radio frequency component;The primary lens day of dragon
Line unit 200;Graing lobe eliminates unit 300, and the mode of structuring the formation of the phased array antenna will form 6 graing lobes, so in corresponding position
Put corresponding 6 eliminations unit.The primary lens of dragon described in the present embodiment can design cylinder, half according to different usage scenarios
Spherical shape etc. it is a variety of can 3D printing various shape.
It is illustrated in figure 2 the top view of antenna element of the invention, can be clearly seen that, Luneberg lens antenna unit
200 have arranged 6 circles in such a way that uniform hexagon shape is structured the formation, in total 91 units.6 have been arranged respectively in the outside on six sides
A graing lobe eliminates unit 300.Spacing in the present invention between Luneberg lens antenna unit 200 is 51mm, reaches work centre frequency
5 wavelength of rate, so graing lobe can be generated.Since the radiation of each antenna element has the characteristics that higher gain, compared with low sidelobe,
So array finally only produces 6 graing lobes with larger impact, suitable six positions are chosen in array periphery and are put respectively
The radio frequency component progress width set micro-strip radiating element, and pass through rear end mutually adjusts can eliminate array graing lobe in real time.Except this
Except, can also with aperiodic structure, displaced phase center offset, carry out graing lobe using various ways such as different array elements and disappear
It removes.
Fig. 3 is the concrete structure diagram of Luneberg lens antenna unit 200 of the present invention, is followed successively by the primary ball-type lens of dragon from top to bottom
201, multiple microband paste feeds 202, the coaxial fitting 203 fed, and the hexagon of the fixed each section above of support
Columnar bracket 204.The primary ball-type lens 201 of dragon used in the present invention are that 3D printing forms, and material is light and handy, right using hollow design
Phased array antenna is integrated with good weight loss effect.The microband paste feed 202 that the present invention designs has carried out miniaturization processing, single
A feed maximum caliber only 4.4mm, in conjunction with the demand of wide-angle wave cover, at the single primary ball-type lens arranged beneath of dragon 37
Identical microband paste feed guarantees that the radiation beam cone of coverage of the antenna element reaches ± 70 ° or more.According to the primary lens of dragon
Central symmetry principle can further increase wave cover angle, and even up to as many as ± 80 °, and radiance will not be deteriorated.Root
The lesser coaxial fitting 203 (ssmp) of size has been selected according to the design of microband paste feed 202.In hexagonal cylindrical bracket 204
Interior design be placed in inside the hemispherical groove above feed for fixing the structure of feed, the primary ball-type lens 201 of dragon, and
It is fixed with multiple fastening columns 206, the multiple through-holes 205 of setting, coaxial fitting 203 penetrate in through-hole 205 in groove, the bracket
204 lower sections are engraved structure, convenient for radio-frequency line put and connection with rear end radio frequency component.
In the following, the present invention will be introduced using the antenna as three kinds of operation instructions of hardware foundation:
Fig. 4 show the most basic usage mode of the present invention, active in the case of simple beam high-gain wide-angle wave cover
Phased array antenna signal receiving-transmitting chain includes multiple dragons primary lens 201a, 201b ..., has below each lens multiple changeable
Feed 202a1,202a2 ..., 202b1,202b2 ... are respectively below the corresponding primary lens of dragon.It then is radio frequency below antenna
Single pole multiple throw 401a, 401b ..., need feed to be used for switching, and need the space radiated to determine by phased array antenna
It is fixed.It is followed successively by filter 402a, 402b ..., amplifier 403a, 403b ..., phase shifter 404a, 404b ... down again, finally by
Combiner 405 summarizes.By taking above-mentioned 91 yuan uniform hexagonal arrays as an example, according to putting the phased array antenna for 37 feeds
Radiation spatial segmentation is 37 sub-spaces, is selected according to work requirements, it is assumed that radiation areas fall in 202a1,202b1's ...
Subspace is radiated, then is needed switching to corresponding feed location, further carries out radiation beam in the area
It is accurately directed to, needs the accurate control of amplifier and phase shifter, to complete the Beam synthesis of high-gain.Finally by entire array
The graing lobe of periphery eliminates unit and carries out real-time graing lobe elimination.The characteristics of system receiving-transmitting chain is can to carry out high-power work
Make, radiation beam has very high directionality, can carry out large-scale beam scanning, but there can only be a wave beam to generate simultaneously.
Fig. 5 show a kind of signal transmitting and receiving link of multiple-beam array antenna, and structure is similar to structure shown in Fig. 4, no
It is with place, the radio frequency component 500a, 500b below lens include multichannel receiving-transmitting chain, are wrapped below each primary lens 201 of dragon
It is multiple single pole multiple throw 501aA, 501aB ... first, 502aA, 502aB ... are followed successively by filter below each switch
502a, amplifier 503a, phase shifter 504a only make schematical mark in figure.It can be seen from the figure that switch 501aA,
The radio frequency component of the lower section 501bA ... has been pooled to combiner 505A, and the radio frequency component of the lower section switch 501aB, 501bB ... is pooled to
Combiner 505B, it is mutually indepedent between combiner, the conjunction of multiple radiation beams can be carried out simultaneously according to actual needs in this way
At.
Fig. 6 illustrates a kind of the case where single imperial primary lens use, is a kind of multibeam antenna signal transmitting and receiving link signal,
There are multiple feed 202a, 202b ... below the primary lens 201 of dragon, which eliminates switch, have below each feed respectively
Independent radio-frequency receiving-transmitting component, filter 601a, 601b ..., amplifier 602a, 602b ..., phase shifter 603a, 604b ....The chain
The characteristics of each feed of road can be carried out independent signal transmitting and receiving, possess multiple radiation, but each wave beam does not have and sweeps
Retouch function.
In addition to above-mentioned shown three kinds of receiving-transmitting chains, the antenna that the present invention designs can expand more usage modes, the present invention
It no longer explains one by one herein.Finally carried out using CST Microwave Studio to the uniform hexagonal array of mentioned 91 yuan is started
Modeling and simulating obtains following result:
The beam coverage of Luneberg lens antenna unit single first reaches -70 °~+70 ° or more.Divide as shown in Figure 7
The simulation result that wherein beam position is 0 °, 20 °, 40 ° and 60 ° is not shown.It can be seen that the unit is in beam position wide-angle
Gain does not decline, and wave beam does not also deform, it can be ensured that the radiance of group battle array aft antenna.
Since 91 array element models are more complex, the present invention provides simulation result when beam position normal direction, illustrates graing lobe with this
The effect and its gain situation of elimination.As shown in figure 8, reach 36dB or more in 0o directive gain, highest secondary lobe -13dB with
Under, illustrate feasibility of the invention.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not does limitation in any form to the present invention, it is all according to
According to technical spirit any simple modification to the above embodiments of the invention, equivalent variations, protection of the invention is each fallen within
Within the scope of.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of low cost wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system, which is characterized in that including at least one antenna element, often
A antenna element include the primary lens of dragon, at least one can be switched feed and at least one receiving-transmitting chain, it is described can
Switching feed is located at below the primary lens of the dragon, and the receiving-transmitting chain realizes that signal is connect with the changeable feed.
2. a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including
Multiple antenna elements for being used to set up big pitch arrays, big at least one graing lobe of pitch arrays peripheral disposition eliminate unit, each
The antenna element includes the primary lens of a dragon, at least one changeable feed and at least one receiving-transmitting chain, described to cut
It changes feed to be located at below the primary lens of the dragon, the receiving-transmitting chain realizes that signal is connect with the changeable feed.
3. a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The primary lens of dragon are made of 3D printing, and shape can be spherical, flattened cylindrical shape or other shapes.
4. a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The changeable feed is microstrip antenna, Vivaldi antenna, electromagnetic horn, any one in yagi aerial.
5. a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The receiving-transmitting chain includes at least one sequentially connected radio frequency single pole multiple throw, at least one T/R component, at least one shifting
Phase device.
6. a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The receiving-transmitting chain is the receiving-transmitting chain of the active phase array antenna in the case of simple beam high-gain wide-angle wave cover, Huo Zheduo
The multibeam antenna receiving-transmitting chain or other forms of the receiving-transmitting chain of beam array antenna perhaps more feeds of Dan Longbai lens
Radio frequency list receive, single-shot or receiving-transmitting chain.
7. a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described
Receiving-transmitting chain is the receiving-transmitting chain of the active phase array antenna in the case of simple beam high-gain wide-angle wave cover, the antenna list
Member includes multiple primary lens of dragon, and the lower section of each primary lens of dragon is equipped with multiple changeable feeds, and each changeable feed successively connects
Connect filter, amplifier, phase shifter.In addition, filter, amplifier, phase shifter can be placed in switch according to actual use situation
Rear end, using low frequency switch carry out beam switchover or transmitting-receiving switch.
8. a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described
Receiving-transmitting chain is the receiving-transmitting chain of multiple-beam array antenna, and the antenna element includes multiple primary lens of dragon, each primary lens of dragon
Multiple single pole multiple throws are arranged in lower section, and each single pole multiple throw is sequentially connected filter, amplifier, phase shifter.With right
It is required that 7 mention the same position of the switch and also can be changed, it is placed in link rearmost end.
9. a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that also wrap
Antenna house and pedestal are included, the antenna house is fastened on pedestal, and the antenna element is located at antenna house.
10. a kind of inexpensive wide-angle wave cover phased array antenna system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that also
Including bracket, below the primary lens of dragon, bracket is equipped with the groove to match with the shape of the primary lens of dragon, institute for the bracket setting
The through-hole for being equipped with several through-going recess in groove is stated, is engraved structure below the bracket.
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CN114614873A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-06-10 | 广东福顺天际通信有限公司 | Signal automatic measurement and auto-change over device and active luneberg lens antenna of intelligence |
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