CN109544893A - A kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring - Google Patents
A kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN109544893A CN109544893A CN201910020789.XA CN201910020789A CN109544893A CN 109544893 A CN109544893 A CN 109544893A CN 201910020789 A CN201910020789 A CN 201910020789A CN 109544893 A CN109544893 A CN 109544893A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring, and the acquisition system includes wireless data collection unit, base station unit, order unit, data acquisition configuration module；The order unit is connected with data acquisition configuration module；The wireless data collection unit and corresponding base station unit composition acquisition link；The acquired link of data acquisition configuration module receives and storage acquisition data, and carries out real-time rendering to acquisition data；The acquired link transmitting order to lower levels of data acquisition configuration module is to switch the operating status of wireless data collection unit；The present invention can be used for making up the gap between conventional wireless sensor and the intensive power consumption wireless sensor network generally pursued at present, it can be achieved that structure monitoring system high power efficiency, the acquisition of low noise data, real-time and lossless data transmission performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to signal monitoring acquisition technique field, especially a kind of low noise suitable for civil structure monitoring is real
When wireless data acquisition system.
Background technique
Structure monitoring is the element of structural healthy monitoring system.It is by the sensing subsystem that is deployed in structure
With can be formed from the data acquisition subsystem of sensor collection data.Traditional, practical sensor data acquisition method is
Using the wired acquisition system of centralization, have the characteristics that high reliablity, signal fidelity are high.But due to cable itself and its
The expense of installation, it costly.Therefore, wireless sensor technology is being risen and is being rapidly developed, to replace wired sensing
Device.Compared with traditional wired sensor, wireless sensor still has some common limitations, for example, battery for electric energy
Power is limited, and bandwidth is limited, and radio communication is unreliable and strong noise substrate.In order to make up conventional wireless sensor and at present
The gap between intensive power consumption wireless sensor network generally pursued, the present invention, which develops and describes one kind in detail, to be suitable for
The low noise real-time radio data collection system of civil structure monitoring.System design in, by four technologies realize including
Flexible sensor interface, high power efficiency, the acquisition of low noise data, the characteristic of real-time and lossless data transmission are respectively: the
One, flexible sensor interface is realized by the output of multiple regulated power supplies and differential signal input；Second, multichannel method can be with
Realize real-time Data Transmission；The Low Noise Design of third, data acquisition circuit (uses low noise LDO voltage stabilizer, number and simulation
Ground separation, LC filter filtering), over-sampling and average filtering method based on direct memory access, using high-resolution mould
The data acquisition of high quality may be implemented in number conversion module；4th, reliable wireless communications mode is based on ACK-RETRIES machine
System and packet sequence number checking mechanism.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring, can be used for more
The gap between conventional wireless sensor and the intensive power consumption wireless sensor network generally pursued at present is mended, it can be achieved that structure
Monitoring system high power efficiency, the acquisition of low noise data, real-time and lossless data transmission performance.
The present invention uses following technical scheme.
A kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring, the acquisition system includes nothing
Line data collection module, base station unit, order unit, data acquisition configuration module；The order unit and data acquisition configuration
Module is connected；The wireless data collection unit and corresponding base station unit composition acquisition link；The data acquisition is matched
It sets the acquired link of module and receives and store acquisition data, and real-time rendering is carried out to acquisition data；The data acquisition configuration
The acquired link transmitting order to lower levels of module is to switch the operating status of wireless data collection unit.
The wireless data collection unit is the hardware device comprising firmware；The wireless data collection unit includes being based on
The microprocessor and wireless communication module of CC2430 chip, are based on LTC6915 chip at the memory module based on FM25L256 chip
Signal conditioning module, the analog-to-digital conversion module based on ADS8343 chip, power management module, sensor interface module and electricity
Pond module；The operating condition that the firmware of the wireless data collection unit can be such that wireless data collection unit runs includes being slept by definition
Dormancy, wake-up, data acquire three kinds of modes of operation and by closing unwanted hardware module come optimizing wireless data collector unit
Power consumption, use the data acquisition plan based on direct memory access to intervene with low CPU to realize high sampling rate, based on over-sampling
Noise reduction is realized with averaging method, realizes lossless no line number in a manner of in conjunction with the reliable communication for checking sequence of data packets scheme
According to transmission.
The base station unit is the hardware device comprising firmware；The hardware body part of the base station unit includes
Tri- kinds of IC chips of LM1117, FT232RL and CC2430；The firmware of the base station unit can realize the wireless communication function of base station unit
Energy and wired communication functions.
The data acquisition configuration module includes real time data drawing interface and System configurations interface.
The wireless data collection unit passes through the data that the sensor being attached thereto acquires monitoring objective structure；Work as progress
When data acquire, the data that sensor acquires are encapsulated as data packet with analog-digital converter by the wireless data collection unit；Institute
It states base station unit and the data packet that wireless data collection unit is sent is sent through the communication of USB virtual serial port to data acquisition configuration mould
Block；Received data packet is written TXT file and drawn to data by the data acquisition configuration module.
The acquisition link is equipped with private data channel and common command channel in wireless data collection unit；In consecutive numbers
According to Harvest time, wireless data collection unit relies on its private data channels operation；When wireless data collection unit does not carry out data
When acquisition, wireless data collection unit data acquisition broadcasting command or configuration since common command channel acquisition order unit
Order.
The radio communication chain circuit of the acquisition system relies on IEEE802.15.4 16 frequency ranges used in 2.4G frequency range
Work, the acquisition system include the acquisition link that multiple groups include wireless data collection unit, base station unit；The acquisition system
Radio communication chain circuit in, the working frequency range of different acquisition links is different, so that all wireless data collection units can be same
When transmit data.
The wireless data collection unit is exported with regulated power supply and the sensor interface and sensor of differential signal input
Docking.
The wireless data collection unit and sensor composition data Acquisition Circuit；The data acquisition circuit is using low
The low noise circuit of noise LDO voltage stabilizer, number and the design of the split circuit of simulation, the design of LC filter filtering；The low noise
Acoustic-electric road has the ground structure of low noise.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the present invention make up conventional wireless sensor and at present
The gap between intensive power consumption wireless sensor network generally pursued realizes structure monitoring system high power efficiency, low noise
The acquisition of sound data, real-time and lossless data transmission performance.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
Attached drawing 1 is system architecture schematic diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 2 is wireless data collection Elementary Function block diagram of the invention；
Attached drawing 3 is the schematic block diagram of power management module；
Attached drawing 4 is the ground structure schematic diagram of data acquisition circuit of the present invention；
Attached drawing 5 is the hardware principle schematic diagram of base station；
Attached drawing 6 is the schematic diagram of the interactive interface of data acquisition configuration module；
Attached drawing 7 is the schematic diagram of the System configurations interface of data acquisition configuration module；
Attached drawing 8 is the schematic diagram data of wireless data collection unit acquisition；
Attached drawing 9 is another schematic diagram data of wireless data collection unit acquisition；
Attached drawing 10 is data acquisition location mode transition diagram；
Attached drawing 11 is data acquisition and noise reduction block diagram of the wireless data collection unit based on DMA；
Attached drawing 12 is data acquisition figure of the base station based on DMA；
In figure: 1- sensor；2- wireless data collection unit；3- base station unit；The communication of 4-USB virtual serial port；The acquisition of 5- data
Configuration module；6- order unit.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figs. 1-12, a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring, it is described
Acquisition system includes wireless data collection unit 2, base station unit 3, order unit 6, data acquisition configuration module 5；The order
Unit is connected with data acquisition configuration module；The wireless data collection unit and corresponding base station unit form acquisition link
Road；The acquired link of data acquisition configuration module receives and storage acquisition data, and carries out real-time rendering to acquisition data；
The acquired link transmitting order to lower levels of data acquisition configuration module is to switch the operating status of wireless data collection unit.
The wireless data collection unit is the hardware device comprising firmware；The wireless data collection unit includes being based on
The microprocessor and wireless communication module of CC2430 chip, are based on LTC6915 chip at the memory module based on FM25L256 chip
Signal conditioning module, the analog-to-digital conversion module based on ADS8343 chip, power management module, sensor interface module and electricity
Pond module；The operating condition that the firmware of the wireless data collection unit can be such that wireless data collection unit runs includes being slept by definition
Dormancy, wake-up, data acquire three kinds of modes of operation and by closing unwanted hardware module come optimizing wireless data collector unit
Power consumption, use the data acquisition plan based on direct memory access to intervene with low CPU to realize high sampling rate, based on over-sampling
Noise reduction is realized with averaging method, realizes lossless no line number in a manner of in conjunction with the reliable communication for checking sequence of data packets scheme
According to transmission.
The base station unit is the hardware device comprising firmware；The hardware body part of the base station unit includes
Tri- kinds of IC chips of LM1117, FT232RL and CC2430；The firmware of the base station unit can realize the wireless communication function of base station unit
Energy and wired communication functions.
The data acquisition configuration module includes real time data drawing interface and System configurations interface.
The wireless data collection unit passes through the data that the sensor 1 being attached thereto acquires monitoring objective structure；When into
When row data acquire, the data that sensor acquires are encapsulated as data packet with analog-digital converter by the wireless data collection unit；
The base station unit send the data packet that wireless data collection unit is sent to data acquisition configuration through USB virtual serial port communication 4
Module；Received data packet is written TXT file and drawn to data by the data acquisition configuration module.
The acquisition link is equipped with private data channel and common command channel in wireless data collection unit；In consecutive numbers
According to Harvest time, wireless data collection unit relies on its private data channels operation；When wireless data collection unit does not carry out data
When acquisition, wireless data collection unit data acquisition broadcasting command or configuration since common command channel acquisition order unit
Order.
The radio communication chain circuit of the acquisition system relies on IEEE802.15.4 16 frequency ranges used in 2.4G frequency range
Work, the acquisition system include the acquisition link that multiple groups include wireless data collection unit, base station unit；The acquisition system
Radio communication chain circuit in, the working frequency range of different acquisition links is different, so that all wireless data collection units can be same
When transmit data.
The wireless data collection unit is exported with regulated power supply and the sensor interface and sensor of differential signal input
Docking.
The wireless data collection unit and sensor composition data Acquisition Circuit；The data acquisition circuit is using low
The low noise circuit of noise LDO voltage stabilizer, number and the design of the split circuit of simulation, the design of LC filter filtering；The low noise
Acoustic-electric road has the ground structure of low noise.
In this example, wireless data collection unit hardware is made of six modules: calculating-storage-wireless communication module, signal
Conditioning module, analog-digital converter module, power management module, sensor interface module and battery module.It is described in detail as follows:
1) it calculating-storage-wireless communication module: is made of CC2430 and FM25L256, is connected by SPI interface.
2) signal conditioning module: its effect is the input for making sensor signal adapt to analog-to-digital conversion module, by three
Part forms, and is AC/DC coupling, frequency overlapped-resistable filter and programmable amplifier respectively.(1) it in AC coupled configuration, uses
RC high-pass filter, cutoff frequency 0.02Hz.In DC coupled configuration, the capacitor of RC filter passes through wire jumper short circuit.
(2) after AC/DC circuit, there is a simple RC low pass anti-aliasing filter come frequency more than nyquist frequency of decaying
Rate component, the cutoff frequency of filter are 79.6Hz.(3) programmable amplifier uses digital programmable instrument amplifier
The gain of LTC6915, LTC6915 are configured by SPI interface.By digital programmable function, user be can according to need remotely
Change gain.
3) analog-to-digital conversion module: using ADS8343, it is 16 analog-to-digital conversion modules, has 4 single ended channels,
Maximum sample frequency is 100 KHz, and output data is complement of two's two's complement format.
4) power management module: as shown in figure 4, using DC-DC switching regulator and low voltage difference (LDO) linear voltage regulator two
Kind has the linear voltage regulator of low quiescent current and high conversion efficiency to realize high power efficiency, in addition, removing CC2430 power supply
Outside the LDO of 3.3V, other voltage-stablizers can be closed by the electronic switch based on PMOS transistor AO3401.By the way that many electricity are arranged
Source output (including ± 5V and ± 12V), may be implemented the high flexibility for meeting different sensors power requirement.It is low in order to realize
The power supply of noise data acquisition, sensor, signal conditioning module and analog-to-digital conversion module should have low noise.To reduce noise,
Using two kinds of measures.As shown in figure 4, the first measure is to use LC low-pass filter after switching regulator.Second
Measure is that low noise LDO is used after switching regulator.In addition, digital circuit, especially radio transceiver, can pass through
Power supply coupling introduces noise into signal conditioning module.Therefore, LC low-pass filter is placed on before the power supply of digital circuit, i.e. ,+
3.3V LDO.In order to further decrease the noise of digital circuit introducing, the ground connection of analog circuit and digital circuit should separate and company
It connects on one point, such as battery ground.As shown in figure 5, two zero Ohm resistors are for separating two ground connection.
5) sensor interface module: providing the connector of external sensor, as shown in figure 3, including 4 differential analog signals
Input and power supply output (± 5V and ± 12V-adj).Its inside is connected with signal conditioning module and power management module.
6) battery module: by the lithium ion polymer battery pack of+3.7V and 5000mAh capacity at voltage is directly reported
To microcontroller, microcontroller prevents battery from damaging because of over-discharge electrical phenomena by the low state of detection battery.
In this example, the firmware of wireless data collection unit can be such that wireless data collection unit operation sleep, wake-up, data adopt
Collect three kinds of modes of operation, state conversion is as shown in Figure 10.
1) sleep state: the only power supply opening of microcontroller and radio transceiver, and the power supply of other analog circuits closes
It closes.In this state, microcontroller is mostly in power consumption mode 2, and radio transceiver is mostly in idle state, only consumes
The electric current of 0.6 μ A.Microcontroller periodically wakes up to send short wheel to corresponding base station unit in its dedicated frequency channel
Ask grouping.
2) wake-up states: the power supply opening of all hardware module, and communication channel is switched to common command channel, and wait
Order is obtained to the initial data from its base station.
3) data acquisition state: wireless data collection unit is sampled with specified rate, and sampled data is packaged
At a long data packet.In view of communication overhead, data packet should be grown as far as possible, can reduce the average function of 1 data in this way
Consumption.
In this example, the firmware of wireless data collection unit uses the data acquisition side based on direct memory access (DMA)
Case realizes high sampling rate with humble controller intervention, as shown in figure 11.Due to ADS8343 interface and standard Serial Peripheral interface
(SPI) compatible, the SPI peripheral hardware dereference ADS8343 inside CC2430 can be passed through.Therefore, sampling operation becomes to SPI
Writing buffer writing commands and from SPI reading buffer read data.This operation can be by dma controller in seldom microcontroller
It is completed under device intervention.Since the transmission of order and data is synchronous, it is therefore desirable to two DMA channels.One DMA channel be by
Order is moved to SPI writing buffer from core buffer (" order caching "), another DMA channel is to read to delay from SPI by data
It rushes area and reads core buffer (" data buffer storage ").
In this example, the wireless transmission of base station unit uses simply can not profiling type.
In this example, the wire transmission of base station unit uses the data acquisition plan based on direct memory access with humble control
High sampling rate is realized in device intervention processed, as shown in figure 12.DMA channel 1 is used to for data being moved to from specified data buffer area outer
The writing buffer of serial ports is enclosed, and DMA channel 2 is used to order being moved to specified order from the reading buffer of peripheral serial ports and buffer
Area.
In this example, data acquisition configuration module includes real time data drawing interface and System configurations interface, and data acquisition is matched
Setting module includes the data acquisition run on computer and configuration software, and data acquisition and configuration software are used using Matlab figure
Two graphic user interfaces of family interface DE too development, to realize that real time data is drawn and system configuration.
As shown, the interactive interface of data acquisition and configuration software includes starting or stoping data acquisition, setting is wireless
The data packet number of data collection module acquisition, real-time rendering acquire data, open/close probe power, selection storage number
According to the file with parameter, and switch the state of wireless data collection unit.The reception signal of each wireless data collection unit is strong
(RSS) and grouping receiving velocity (PRR) is spent also to show and update under each figure.
The virtual serial port that can choose and open the creation of corresponding base station unit by System configurations interface, is arranged each base station
Address, frequency channel and the transimission power of unit.And the address of each wireless data collection unit, number can be configured by unicast
According to channel, command channel, transimission power, sampling period, input channel gain can also be configured by unicast or broadcast.
In this example, the computer of data acquisition configuration module extends the quantity of USB port in computer with usb hub,
Computer is set to can receive the acquisition data that multiple base station units are transmitted by USB virtual serial port.
Embodiment:
Test 1: it is verified by known signal.Signal generator is for generating some known signals, then by known signal
It is sent to wireless data collection unit and is obtained by acquisition system of the present invention.In order to sufficiently assess wireless data collection unit
Performance, used respectively it is small, in, 9 letters of large amplitude (20mV, 1V, 2V) and basic, normal, high frequency (1Hz, 5Hz, 10Hz)
It number is tested.Shown in the schematic diagram data that obtained data such as the wireless data collection unit of Fig. 8 acquires, through occurring with signal
Device original signal comparison, it can be seen that the quality and precision of data acquisition are higher.
Test 2: resolution ratio and background noise.Wireless data collection unit uses 16 analog-to-digital conversion modules, and exporting is two
Complement on n n format, reference voltage 2.048V, resolution ratio are 62.5 μ V.The background noise of wireless data collection unit can be down to
0.1mV is specifically dependent upon oversample factor, as shown in figure 9, depicting making an uproar for 5 differences oversample factor (1,2,4,8,16)
Sound substrate, it can be observed that noise amplitude reduces when oversample factor increases, vice versa.When oversample factor is 1, make an uproar
Sound amplitude is about 0.4mV.When oversample factor is 16, noise amplitude is about 0.1mV.
The above is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all any changes made according to the technical solution of the present invention, generated function
When can act on the range without departing from technical solution of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring, it is characterised in that: the acquisition
System includes wireless data collection unit, base station unit, order unit, data acquisition configuration module；The order unit and number
It is connected according to acquisition configuration module；The wireless data collection unit and corresponding base station unit composition acquisition link；It is described
The acquired link of data acquisition configuration module receives and storage acquisition data, and carries out real-time rendering to acquisition data；The number
Switch the operating status of wireless data collection unit according to the acquired link transmitting order to lower levels of acquisition configuration module.
2. a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the wireless data collection unit is the hardware device comprising firmware；The wireless data collection unit includes
Microprocessor and wireless communication module based on CC2430 chip, are based on LTC6915 at the memory module based on FM25L256 chip
The signal conditioning module of chip, the analog-to-digital conversion module based on ADS8343 chip, power management module, sensor interface module
And battery module；The operating condition that the firmware of the wireless data collection unit can be such that wireless data collection unit runs includes by fixed
Justice sleep, wake-up, data acquire three kinds of modes of operation and by closing unwanted hardware module come optimizing wireless data collection
The power consumption of unit uses the data acquisition plan based on direct memory access to intervene realization high sampling rate with low CPU, be based on
Sampling and averaging method realize noise reduction, realize lossless nothing in a manner of in conjunction with the reliable communication for checking sequence of data packets scheme
Line number is according to transmission.
3. a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the base station unit is the hardware device comprising firmware；The hardware body part of the base station unit includes
Tri- kinds of IC chips of LM1117, FT232RL and CC2430；The firmware of the base station unit can realize the wireless communication function of base station unit
Energy and wired communication functions.
4. a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the data acquisition configuration module includes real time data drawing interface and System configurations interface.
5. a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the wireless data collection unit passes through the data that the sensor being attached thereto acquires monitoring objective structure；When
When carrying out data acquisition, the data that sensor acquires are encapsulated as data with analog-digital converter by the wireless data collection unit
Packet；The base station unit, which send the data packet that wireless data collection unit is sent to data acquisition through the communication of USB virtual serial port, matches
Set module；Received data packet is written TXT file and drawn to data by the data acquisition configuration module.
6. a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the acquisition link is equipped with private data channel and common command channel in wireless data collection unit；Even
Continuous data Harvest time, wireless data collection unit rely on its private data channels operation；When wireless data collection unit does not carry out
Data acquire when, wireless data collection unit since common command channel obtain order unit data acquisition broadcasting command or
Configuration order.
7. a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the radio communication chain circuit of the acquisition system relies on IEEE802.15.4 16 frequencies used in 2.4G frequency range
Section work, the acquisition system include the acquisition link that multiple groups include wireless data collection unit, base station unit；The acquisition system
In the radio communication chain circuit of system, the working frequency range of different acquisition links is different, so that all wireless data collection units can
Simultaneous transmission data.
8. a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring according to claim 5,
It is characterized by: the wireless data collection unit is exported with regulated power supply and differential signal inputs sensor interface and sensing
Device docking.
9. a kind of low noise real-time radio data collection system suitable for civil structure monitoring according to claim 8,
It is characterized by: the wireless data collection unit and sensor composition data Acquisition Circuit；The data acquisition circuit is to adopt
With the low noise circuit of the design of low noise LDO voltage stabilizer, number and the split circuit of simulation, the design of LC filter filtering；It is described
Low noise circuit has the ground structure of low noise.
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