CN109514110B - Laser engraving printing process and equipment for implementing same - Google Patents
Laser engraving printing process and equipment for implementing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN109514110B CN109514110B CN201811632454.5A CN201811632454A CN109514110B CN 109514110 B CN109514110 B CN 109514110B CN 201811632454 A CN201811632454 A CN 201811632454A CN 109514110 B CN109514110 B CN 109514110B
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- printing
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- laser engraving
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
A laser engraving printing process and equipment for implementing the process relate to the printing field, and comprise the following steps: s1, selecting a base material; s2, analyzing the pore structure of the product; s3, preparing a printing screen by color separation; s4, carving patterns by laser; s5, printing processing; s6, spraying paint, polishing and grinding. According to the laser engraving printing process, through analysis of the substrate structure, laser micro engraving treatment is carried out on the surface of a product to be processed, and printing is carried out on micropores formed by laser engraving, so that slurry permeates into the substrate according to set patterns, the patterns are not easy to fade, continuous production can be realized through design, and the produced printed product is rich in color and pattern change. The utility model provides a laser sculpture stamp's equipment, includes laser engraving device, stamp device, drying device who connects gradually, drying device includes multistage drying device and total drying device, forms firm chemical bond between thick liquids and the substrate, can not drop easily in the use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of printing, in particular to a laser engraving printing process and equipment for implementing the process.
Background
Along with the development of personalized home decoration and furniture design, the personalized wall cloth is used, natural wood products are pursued to be used, and PU products are used more and more widely.
(1) Based on felt cloth products:
wall cloth in the current market is of a plurality of types and mainly has a four-layer structure: the patterns on the surface layer can be completely selected or customized according to the design, and the thickness is between 0.5 and 2 mm. Aiming at soft packages needing a sound insulation effect, such as various music and vocal ranges and houses close to roadsides, the conventional wall cloth cannot meet the requirement, and only a soft package with the thickness of 2-3cm or felt cloth with monotonous color (the thickness is generally 0.2-0.5cm, and the felt cloth is generally white or gray black) can be selected for sound insulation; in addition, aiming at some propaganda columns, paper documents need to be fixed by using drawing pins, pins or magnets, and the like, and the conventional wall cloth cannot meet the requirements.
The soft package of the wall surface has high price, large thickness and space occupation; the felt cloth does not occupy space, but the inside of the product is composed of a plurality of layers of fiber webs, and the fabric is formed by a conventional water jet method, a needle punching method, a spot hot melting method or a glue bonding method. The fiber structure in the product is disordered and loose, gaps and holes among fibers are irregular, the conventional rotary screen and flat screen printing mode is adopted for processing, and after the sizing agent enters the fabric, the sizing agent with lower viscosity can form irregular permeation in the fabric and cannot form a formed pattern; and the paste with higher viscosity can easily cause blockage of printing meshes and can not form patterns. At present, the fabric can only be processed through pigment printing, but the pigment printing has poor hand feeling, only floats on the surface of the fabric, and has poor pattern wear resistance.
(2) Based on wood matrix:
the surface processing of traditional wooden veneer furniture or wall decoration veneer board generally has the following four forms: firstly, wood is sliced and dyed, the dyed wood veneer is stuck on the surface of a furniture, and then the surface of the furniture is painted with protective paint and polished, and the like, and the surface of the product has dye color and can display the texture of a natural wood board; the second is to paint the paint or coating directly after shaving the wood, the paint or coating completely covers the natural wood grain, the paint or coating color is displayed (except varnish, the varnish displays the original wood pattern); thirdly, on the basis of the two, the pattern paper is formed by sticking a pattern paper, and the color of the coating is coated on the pattern paper, so that the pattern paper pattern is mainly displayed; fourthly, on the basis of the dyeing in the first mode, carving patterns on the veneer by using laser carving equipment, painting protective paint, polishing, and carrying out single-color pattern on the surface of the product. In the whole, except that the third method of directly spraying paint or coating on the product can lead the product to form vivid colors, wooden furniture cannot generate perfect combination which can not only keep the grain texture and lines, but also be colorful.
The existing market has no technology for inlaying wood with different colors, and has no product capable of displaying wood texture and lines and meeting the pattern change of different colors. The inlaid wooden products are high in price, and the color change is limited by the number of colors of the wooden products, so that the color requirement of customers cannot be met.
Directly printing patterns on wood veneers, wherein the two conditions mainly exist, firstly, the wood structure is compact, slurry cannot permeate, colors and patterns are formed on the surfaces only, and the patterns basically disappear after polishing (the polishing depth is generally 0.1 mm); secondly, the wood is quite loose, the slurry can permeate, but various micro-channels exist in the wood, the permeation is irregular, and the patterns are scattered after polishing.
(3) The processing principle of the PU product is basically the same as that of the wood structure compact product.
Felt cloth products, wood substrates and PU products have the following defects: firstly, wall cloth and sofa cloth art products occupy higher proportion in the furniture market, and the main reason is that the products can meet the change of color, pattern and pattern of any consumer, and even the fabrics can be customized individually so as to meet the overall design requirement; secondly, compared with the common paint used for wall surfaces and wall cloths, wood furniture is monotonous in color and pattern and lacks individuality compared with cloth furniture; finally, PU product surface in home decoration is printed, and the product is used for a period of time, so that the patterns can be worn.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to avoid the defects in the prior art and provide a laser engraving printing process, which can print on the basis of reserving natural texture lines of materials on felt, veneer products or PU products and can change color patterns; can keep the pattern effect in the long-term use process. The second object of the invention is to provide a device for laser engraving printing, which can flexibly realize a laser engraving printing process.
One of the purposes of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the laser engraving printing process comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a base material;
s2, analyzing the pore structure of the base material and designing printing patterns;
s3, preparing a printing screen by color separation;
s4, carving patterns by laser;
s5, printing processing;
s6, spraying paint, drying, polishing and grinding.
The base material in the step S1 is one of a felt, a veneer product and a PU product, and the width of the base material is smaller than 80cm, wherein the felt is a product formed by a chemical bonding method or a hot melting method.
In the step S2, a microscope or an electron microscope is adopted to analyze the morphology of the pore structure.
And in the step S3, an independent printing screen is manufactured for each color, the pattern precision is less than or equal to 3000dpi, the mesh of the pattern screen is less than or equal to 300 meshes, and the number of the pattern screens is not more than 8.
And step S4, forming micropores by laser engraving, wherein the laser is a laser beam, the engraving depth is 0.1-0.2mm, and the engraving time is 3-30S.
The embossing process in the step S5 includes the steps of: positioning, sizing, scraping and drying, wherein the time required by scraping the single color is 1-3s, the drying time is 30s-2min, and the temperature is 130-160 ℃. For loose substrate structure, the paste viscosity is increased during paste conditioning to prevent paste penetration during processing.
Preferably, the coarse product in step S5 is polished and ground by using a spraying machine in step S6.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a laser sculpture stamp's equipment, includes laser engraving device, stamp device, drying device who connects gradually, drying device includes multistage drying device and total drying device.
Preferably, the laser engraving device, the printing device and the drying device are internally provided with a transmission device, the upstream of the laser engraving device is provided with an unreeling device, and the downstream of the drying device is provided with a reeling device.
Preferably, guide rollers are arranged on the upstream and downstream of the laser engraving device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the laser engraving printing technology, through analysis of the substrate structure, laser micro engraving treatment is carried out on the surface of a product to be processed, printing is carried out on micropores formed by laser engraving, so that slurry permeates into the substrate according to set patterns, and the patterns are not easy to fade. The invention has simple process, can realize continuous production by design, and the produced printed product has rich color pattern change.
Further, the laser processing is not contacted with the surface of the material, is not influenced by mechanical movement, and the surface is not deformed, generally does not need to be fixed, and is not influenced by the elasticity and flexibility of the material.
The equipment for laser engraving printing can realize the process, the grading drying device is used for grading drying, the first drying device is used for quickly solidifying the sized base material, the second color is prevented from being easily stained when being sleeved, and the water is gradually reduced through multistage drying; the final total drying device requires that all the inside and outside of the slurry are dried, and stable chemical bonds are formed between the slurry and the base material, so that the slurry cannot fall off easily in the use process.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments do not constitute any limitation of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort from the following drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of step S4 of a laser engraving process according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of step S5 of a laser engraving process according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a finished product produced by a laser engraving printing process of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for laser engraving printing according to the present invention.
The method comprises the following steps:
1. a substrate;
101. micropores;
102. a pattern;
2. a laser engraving device;
3. a printing device;
301. a scraper;
302. a coating;
4. a computer control device;
5. an unreeling device;
61. a step drying device;
62. a total drying device;
7. a transmission device;
71. a guide roller;
72. a transmission track;
8. and a winding device.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
A laser engraving printing process of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 3, includes the steps of:
s1, selecting a base material 1: the base material is one of felt, veneer product and PU product, the width of the base material is smaller than 80cm, wherein the felt is formed by chemical bonding method or hot melting method, and the base color dyeing processing can be carried out according to the needs of customers;
s2, analyzing the pore structure of the base material by adopting a microscope or an electron microscope and designing a printing pattern;
s3, manufacturing a printing screen plate by color separation, wherein each color is provided with an independent printing screen plate, the pattern precision is less than or equal to 3000dpi, the mesh size of the printing screen plate is less than or equal to 300 meshes, and the number of the printing screen plates is not more than 8. The colors are printed one by one from light to deep during printing, and the overall pattern is presented after being overlapped by single color combination;
s4, carving patterns by using laser, namely carving to form micropores 101 by using a laser carving device 2, wherein the laser is laser beam, the carving depth is 0.1-0.2mm, and the carving time is 3-30S;
s5, printing: the method comprises positioning, sizing, scraping and drying, wherein the positioning is that a base material enters laser engraving equipment, a pattern is engraved on a specified pattern (micropores are formed), the sizing and scraping are that the engraved material is precisely positioned to enter a printing area, and a scraper scrapes dye (paint) into the micropores of the specified pattern;
and S6, spraying protective paint on the crude product in the step S5 by using a spraying machine, and polishing and grinding after drying to obtain a finished product.
Wherein the time required for scraping the single color is 1-3s, the drying time is 30s-2min, and the temperature is 130-160 ℃. In the printing apparatus 3, the dope 302 is scraped into the micro-holes 101 by the scraper 301 to form the pattern 102, and the texture of the substrate is loosened, and the viscosity of the printing paste is increased in the preparation of the printing paste to prevent the penetration of the printing paste in processing.
The process of the embodiment carries out laser micro engraving treatment on the surface of a product to be processed through the resolution decomposition of the pattern and the analysis of the substrate structure, and simultaneously adjusts the concentration of slurry or the size of dye or paint molecules according to the engraved aperture, so that the slurry can basically permeate into wood veneer according to the set pattern and can bear various friction or polishing procedures in the use process, and the surface pattern and color can still be kept. The laser processing method has the characteristics that the laser processing method is not in contact with the surface of the material, is not influenced by mechanical movement, is not deformed, generally does not need to be fixed, and is not influenced by the elasticity and flexibility of the material.
The apparatus for laser engraving printing of this embodiment, referring to fig. 4, includes a laser engraving device 2, a printing device 3, and a drying device that are sequentially connected, where the drying device includes a multi-stage drying device 61 and a total drying device 62.
Preferably, the laser engraving device 2, the printing device 3 and the drying device are respectively internally provided with a transmission device 7, the upstream of the laser engraving device is provided with an unreeling device 5, and the downstream of the drying device is provided with a reeling device 8. The conveying device 7 comprises a conveying crawler 72, and the top of the conveying crawler 72 drives the base material 1 to move. The work of the laser engraving device 2 and the printing device 3 is controlled by the computer control device 4.
Preferably, guide rollers 71 are disposed upstream and downstream of the laser engraving device 2. The guide roller 71 can fix the base material 1, prevent deformation, and facilitate the positioning work of the laser engraving device 2.
In this embodiment, felt is selected as a printed substrate 1, the conventional width of the felt is less than or equal to 300mm, the thickness of the felt is about 0.5mm, firstly, the appearance of a pore structure is analyzed through a microscope or an electron microscope, then, pattern fineness design (the precision requirement is less than or equal to 3000 dpi) is carried out according to the pore structure and a printed sample, laser engraving aperture and engraving depth are carried out, then, a color separation printing screen is carried out on the pattern, then, the felt is rolled on an unreeling device 5, the felt sequentially passes through a laser engraving device 2, a printing device 3, a multi-stage drying device 61, a total drying device 62 and a reeling device 8, the felt is perforated by the laser engraving device 2 to form micropores 101, the micropores 101 pass through the printing device 3, the paint 302 is filled in the micropores 101 under the action of a scraper 301, after scraping, the dye (paint) and the substrate react chemically to form crosslinking, the micropores 101 after the scraping are gradually dried through the multi-stage drying device 61 and the dye (paint) are kept in the substrate, the original bottom pattern of the product is basically unaffected, and the paint 302 is solidified to form a print which is not easy to fade.
The apparatus for laser engraving printing of the present embodiment can realize the above process, the classification drying device 61 rapidly solidifies the sized substrate by the first drying device, prevents the second product from being easily stained when the color is sleeved, and gradually reduces the moisture by multistage drying; the final total drying device 62 requires that all the slurry be dried inside and outside, and a stable chemical bond is formed between the slurry and the substrate, so that the slurry cannot fall off easily during use.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A laser engraving printing process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a base material;
s2, analyzing the pore structure of the base material and designing printing patterns;
s3, preparing a printing screen by color separation;
s4, carving patterns by laser;
s5, printing processing;
s6, spraying paint, drying, polishing and grinding;
the base material in the step S1 is one of felt, veneer product and PU product, the width of the base material is smaller than 80cm, wherein the felt is formed by a chemical bonding method or a hot melting method;
in the step S3, a color separation printing screen is carried out according to the pore structure and the printing sample in the step 2, the colors are printed one by one from light to deep during printing, and the overall pattern is presented after being overlapped through single-color combination;
in the step S4, carrying out laser engraving on the surface of the product to be processed according to the pore structure and the printing sample in the step 2 to form micropores, wherein the laser is a laser beam, the engraving depth is 0.1-0.2mm, and the engraving time is 3-30S;
the embossing process in the step S5 includes the steps of: positioning, sizing, scraping and drying, wherein the positioning is that a base material enters laser engraving equipment, micropores are formed in the engraved pattern of the specified pattern, the sizing and scraping are that the engraved material is accurately positioned to enter a printing area, and a scraper scrapes dye into the micropores of the specified pattern; adjusting the concentration of the slurry or adjusting the size of dye or paint molecules according to the aperture of the micropores engraved in the step S4; the time required for scraping the single color is 1-3s, the drying time is 30s-2min, and the temperature is 130-160 ℃;
and in the step S6, polishing and grinding the coarse product in the step S5 by using a spraying machine, and drying and spraying paint before grinding.
2. A laser engraving process as defined in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, a microscope or an electron microscope is adopted to analyze the morphology of the pore structure.
3. A laser engraving process as defined in claim 1, wherein: and in the step S3, an independent printing screen is manufactured for each color, the pattern precision is less than or equal to 3000dpi, the mesh of the pattern screen is less than or equal to 300 meshes, and the number of the pattern screens is not more than 8.
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| CN201811632454.5A CN109514110B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Laser engraving printing process and equipment for implementing same |
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| CN201811632454.5A CN109514110B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Laser engraving printing process and equipment for implementing same |
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| CN109514110B true CN109514110B (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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| CN113857682B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-03-22 | 世联汽车内饰（苏州）有限公司 | Laser engraving processing method for synthetic leather |
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