CN109507684A - High spatial resolution detection system and detection method based on noise like pulse - Google Patents
High spatial resolution detection system and detection method based on noise like pulse Download PDFInfo
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- CN109507684A CN109507684A CN201811553535.6A CN201811553535A CN109507684A CN 109507684 A CN109507684 A CN 109507684A CN 201811553535 A CN201811553535 A CN 201811553535A CN 109507684 A CN109507684 A CN 109507684A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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Abstract
The invention belongs to laser ranging fields, specifically disclose a kind of high spatial resolution detection system and detection method based on noise like pulse, the system includes pulse generation module, pulse detection module and data processing module, and pulse generation module is used to generate noise like pulse as probe source using passive mode-locking fiber laser;Pulse detection module is used to for noise like pulse being divided into detecting optical pulses and reference light pulse, and detecting optical pulses are input to and implement to detect in object to be measured;Data processing module converts optical signals into electric signal, then acquire these electric signals, finally recycles cross correlation algorithm processing to obtain the detection result to target for receiving reference light pulse and the detecting optical pulses after object to be measured.The present invention realizes the detection to object to be measured by the noise like pulse generated in passive mode-locking fiber laser, in the optical time domain reflectometer technology and space ligh-ranging in optical fiber, can get the detection result of higher precision.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser ranging fields, more particularly, to a kind of high spatial resolution based on noise like pulse
Detection system and detection method realize the optical time domain in optical fiber using the noise like pulse exported in passive mode-locking fiber laser
Reflectometry techniques and space ligh-ranging have very high application value in fields such as laser ranging, Fibre Optical Sensors.
Background technique
The invention of great significance of the laser as twentieth century constantly pushes the forward position of basic science to explore.With intellectual technology
Flourish, laser ranging technique is in autonomous driving vehicle, unmanned plane, plays in the application such as robot and monitoring important
Effect;With its superior detection range, precision, spatial resolution and the less limitation of weather and lighting condition is perceived
Ambient enviroment, laser ranging are expected to be used for 3D imaging, to image tracing, identification and the simultaneously functions such as positioning and mapping.
Nowadays, laser ranging technique is very widely used as a kind of fundamental measurement means.For example, pulse time-of-flight
Ranging is using laser pulse duration is extremely short, the energy very big feature of Relatively centralized, instantaneous power in time, average
Emit laser power to be less than under the conditions of 1mW, can be realized the measurement of relatively long distance.
Pulse flight time laser ranging technique is exactly one of distance measuring method, is passed through by measurement from impulse ejection
This time interval of photodetector is again returned to after target to calculate distance.Although can be carried out using traditional phase method
Ranging emits high frequency modulation high-amplitude wave by measurement and returns to the phase difference between high frequency modulation high-amplitude wave to determine time interval, still
Very high measuring speed can achieve using pulse time-of-flight principle, this is because only using the measurement of pulse time-of-flight principle
Need to emit a pulse, i.e. single-shot pulse, and range accuracy can achieve Centimeter Level.
Optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) technology is exactly a kind of application of pulse time-of-flight method ranging, using Rayleigh scattering and
Fresnel inversion principle is made.By then receiving the information returned in the port OTDR and coming in transmitting light pulse to optical fiber
It carries out.It, can be due to the property of optical fiber itself, connector, junction, bending or other similar when light pulse is transmitted in optical fiber
Event and generate scattering, reflection.The scattering and reflection of a portion return in OTDR.The useful information of return by
The detector of OTDR measures, they are just used as time or curve segment in optical fiber on different location.It is returned from transmitting signals to
Time used in letter in reply number, then determine speed of the light in glass substance, so that it may calculate distance.
But the ranging of pulse time-of-flight method, there is also some problems, the dynamic range and precision of measurement will receive one
Fixed limitation, it is very limited in the field for needing high-acruracy survey.
In addition to pulse time-of-flight method ranging, pulse code modulation is also a kind of method to obtain precision ranging result,
Basic skills is that a Time Continuous, the continuous analog signal of value are transformed into the discrete digital signal of time discrete, value.
Pulse code modulation exactly first samples to analog signal, then to sample value amplitude quantizing, the process of coding.
Popular explanation pulse code modulation is exactly: using analog-digital converter with certain frequency (sample rate, such as 8kHz
Deng) and certain sampling bit depth (locating depth, such as 8,12,24) is acquired to original signal and analog-to-digital conversion, obtains
To data be corresponding digital signal.Wherein, analog signal after sampled should comprising all information in original signal,
That is can undistorted recovery original analog signal.
But pulse code modulation is similarly there is some problems, such as it is at high cost, A/D conversion system is complicated etc.,
It is difficult to realize in laser ranging field universal.
Further, it is also possible to it needs random code generator and electrooptic modulator using random signal as distance measuring signal, but
The code rate and modulation rate of random code are limited by electronic bandwidth bottleneck, and the code length of random signal is limited, over long distances
Multiple measurement results (false-alarm i.e. in range radar) can be led to the problem of to a target in measurement.
For above-mentioned random signal, can using the noise like pulse generated in optical fiber laser as probe source,
The advantages of using its aperiodicity and unpredictability, eliminates interference that may be present in pulse and conventional laser ranging.
Noise like pulse is the equal of a kind of chaos light, is typically characterized by: a wider wave packet, tool inside wave packet
The femtosecond pulse structure for thering is pulse width and pulse peak power to change at random;Wide and smooth spectrum;Low time-domain coherence, class
The pulse width (wave-packet duration) of noise pulse generally determines by draw power, can be from picosecond being changed to nanosecond order.
It include wave packet made of the ultrashort pulse set of many random evolutions since noise like pulse is one, using letter
Number light and detection light obtain the very high detection result of accuracy by cross-correlation technique.Compared to more traditional mode locking pulse from phase
It closes figure and only provides a pulse width information, noise like pulse provides substrate, spike two without background intensity autocorrelator trace
The height ratio information of a pulse width information and spike and substrate.
Compared with previously described several laser distance measurement methods, if being used for fiber failure inspection for noise like pulse as light source
The optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) of survey, noise like pulse is due to its chaotic property, and when as probe source, anti-interference is very strong, and
It does not need to be modulated coding, system is simple.In addition, noise like pulse is by generating in passive mode-locking fiber laser, entirely
System is all optical fibre structure, for semiconductor light source, has good beam quality, compact-sized, high-efficient, stability is good
The features such as, it is to replace excellent choosing of the semiconductor laser as laser ranging light source, gets a good eye meaning.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to be based on noise like arteries and veins
The high spatial resolution detection system and detection method of punching, by the noise like pulse that is generated in passive mode-locking fiber laser come
Realize the detection to object to be measured (such as testing fiber), it can be in the optical time domain reflectometer technology and space ligh-ranging in optical fiber
In, the detection result of higher precision is obtained, thus solution traditional technology cannot take into account measurement distance and the technology of measurement accuracy is asked
Topic.The present invention is using the noise like pulse generated in passive mode-locking fiber laser as measuring signal, for inside of optical fibre
Optical time domain reflectometer technology and space ligh-ranging be a kind of measuring technique of precision, the advantage is that, noise like pulse conduct
A kind of chaos light source, light intensity, wavelength and phase are no longer stable state in the time domain, but the random variation of similar noise, are one
Wave packet made of a ultrashort pulse set comprising many random evolutions, has the characteristics that high-energy, Low coherence.Also, this hair
It is bright also to pass through the internal component to each functional module and the connection relationship between various components and corresponding cooperating side
Formula etc. improves, and using all optical fibre structure, has good beam quality, strong antijamming capability, simple and compact for structure, at low cost
The honest and clean, advantages such as adjusting is easy, high-efficient, stability is good.The present invention passes through cross-correlation using reference light pulse and detecting optical pulses
Algorithm obtains accurate measurement result, has very high application value in fields such as laser radar, Fibre Optical Sensors.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of detection system based on noise like pulse is provided
System, which is characterized in that including pulse generation module (1), pulse detection module (2) and data processing module (3), wherein
The pulse generation module (1) is used to generate noise like pulse, the passive lock using passive mode-locking fiber laser
Mode fiber laser includes the first photo-coupler (11), exports the noise like pulse conduct by first photo-coupler (11)
Probe source;
The pulse detection module (2) is used to pass through the second photo-coupler (13) for the noise like as probe source
Pulse is divided into detecting optical pulses and reference light pulse, and the detecting optical pulses are input to mesh to be measured by optical circulator (14)
Implement detection in mark;
The data processing module (3) is used for through the first photodetector (16) and the second photodetector (17) difference
Receive the reference light pulse and the detecting optical pulses after the object to be measured, first photodetector (16) and
Second photodetector (17) is used to convert optical signals into electric signal, then acquires these by data acquisition equipment (18)
Electric signal finally recycles cross correlation algorithm processing to obtain the detection result to target.
As present invention further optimization, for the data processing module (3), the data acquisition equipment therein
(18) it is that denoising first is carried out to collected electric signal, recycles cross correlation algorithm processing.
As present invention further optimization, the pulse generation module (1) includes passive mode-locking fiber laser, the quilt
Dynamic mode locked fiber laser includes the energy injection component (4) for being connected in series to form circuit, mode-locking device (5), the first optical coupling
Device (11) and optoisolator (12).
As present invention further optimization, the energy injection component (4) includes the first pumping source (6), the second pumping
Source (7), the first wavelength division multiplexer (8), the second wavelength division multiplexer (9) and Er-doped fiber (10), wherein first pumping source
(6) it is connected by first wavelength division multiplexer (8) with one end of the Er-doped fiber (10), second pumping source (7) is logical
It crosses second wavelength division multiplexer (9) to be connected with the other end of the Er-doped fiber (10), thus by first pumping source (6)
With the energy coupling of second pumping source (7) into the laser cavity of the passive mode-locking fiber laser.
As present invention further optimization, the pulse detection module (2) passes through the first photo-coupler (11) phase
Even, and then it is connected with the pulse generation module (1).
As present invention further optimization, first photodetector (16) and the second photo-coupler (13) phase
Even, for receiving the reference light pulse;
Second photodetector (17) is connected with the optical circulator (14), passes through the object to be measured for receiving
Detecting optical pulses afterwards;The object to be measured is preferably testing fiber (15).
It is another aspect of this invention to provide that the present invention provides a kind of detection method based on noise like pulse, feature
It is, comprising the following steps:
(1) passive mode-locking fiber laser is built, and makes its output class noise pulse;
(2) by the second photo-coupler, the noise like pulse is divided into detecting optical pulses and reference light pulse;
(3) detecting optical pulses are input in object to be measured through optical circulator;
(4) reference light pulse is received by the first photodetector, is received by the second photodetector by described to be measured
The detecting optical pulses that target is reflected back, and the two is converted into electric signal;
(5) data in electric signal are acquired by data acquisition equipment, using cross correlation algorithm, and then obtains detection knot
Fruit.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, due to using passive lock
The noise like pulse generated in mode fiber laser can obtain following beneficial effect as detection optical signal:
1, using noise like pulse as detectable signal, since noise like is the wave packet of an amplitude and phase random evolution,
With very strong anti-interference ability, so possess very high detection accuracy when being detected, and detection accuracy with apart from unrelated,
It is able to solve the problem of traditional technology cannot take into account detection range and detection accuracy.
2, all optical fibre structure has good beam quality, strong antijamming capability, simple and compact for structure, low in cost, adjusting letter
Just, the high-efficient, advantages such as stability is good.When carrying out OTDR ranging, noise like efficiently can be coupled into testing fiber etc.
Object to be measured is smaller much as the loss of light source than using semiconductor laser.
3, using noise like pulse as detection light, cost carries out unique encodings compared with the distance measuring signal to every kind of rangefinder
Method it is much lower, and repair and be easier.
4, cross correlation algorithm is used to detecting optical pulses and signal pulse, since cross correlation algorithm can pass through two phases
Different time with signal postpones, and a very narrow peak is shown on obtained detective curve, can be obtained very high-precision
Detection result.
The present invention realizes high-precision light in optical fiber using the noise like pulse generated in passive mode-locking fiber laser
The technology of time-domain reflectomer;Specifically, the present invention generates noise like arteries and veins using mode-locking device in passive mode-locking fiber laser
Punching;Output optical pulse is divided into reference light and detection light, detection light is input in such as testing fiber through optical circulator;Then by
The detecting optical pulses that photodetector receives reference light pulse and is reflected back through single mode optical fiber to be measured, and it is converted into telecommunications
Number, then data are acquired by data acquisition equipment;Finally cross correlation algorithm can be used by computer, obtain accurate detection knot
Fruit.
The present invention generates mould using energy injection part, mode-locking device, the first photo-coupler and optoisolator building pulse
Block constructs a passive mode-locking fiber laser, for generating noise like pulse;Mode locking is realized by mode-locking device, in turn
Generate noise like pulse;Also, energy injection component is utilized, it can be by the energy coupling of pumping source into (laser cavity in laser cavity
The ring resonator of i.e. entire optical fiber laser).Pulse detection module in the present invention by the second photo-coupler, optical circulator and
Object to be measured (such as testing fiber) is constituted.The noise like pulse launched using pulse generation module, through the second photo-coupler point
For reference light pulse and detecting optical pulses, detecting optical pulses are input to by optical circulator and implement to detect in testing fiber.This
Invention acquires the information detected using data acquisition equipment, preferably first carries out denoising, then by cross correlation algorithm, obtain
To the detection result of target with high precision;That is, receiving reference light pulse and detecting optical pulses respectively by two photodetectors, and turn
It is changed to electric signal, data acquisition is carried out to it by data acquisition equipment, then can use computer by cross correlation algorithm, in fact
Existing high-precision measurement result.The present invention realizes the ranging of pulse cross-correlation using noise like pulse, can obtain accurate detection
As a result.
OTDR ranging of today and space ligh-ranging are all the semiconductor lasers used, this is also that researchers are closed
The emphasis of note, wherein carrying out ranging using the chaos light of semiconductor laser output is a kind of very accurate measurement method;And this
The noise like exported in utilized optical fiber laser is invented, due to itself amplitude, the randomness of phase, in transmission process
Strong antijamming capability uses cross correlation algorithm to it, can obtain very high spy when these noise like pulses are applied to ranging
Precision is surveyed, the problem of conventional measurement cannot take into account detection range and detection accuracy away from is overcome.
To sum up, it present invention firstly provides the method for carrying out ranging using the cross correlation algorithm of noise like pulse, accordingly gives
A kind of distance measuring method and a kind of range-measurement system are gone out, high detection accuracy can be obtained.The present invention in optical fiber laser by producing
It is simple, complete that structure may be implemented in raw noise-like signal, the chaos light that replacement is generated using semiconductor laser in the prior art
Optical fiber structure debugs convenient etc. advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is system general diagram.
Fig. 2 is pulse generation module.
Fig. 3 is pulse detection module.
Fig. 4 is data processing module.
Fig. 5 is system schematic.
The meaning of each appended drawing reference is as follows in figure:
1 is pulse generation module, and 2 be pulse detection module, and 3 be data processing module, and 4 (can for energy injection part
Measure fill assembly), 5 be mode-locking device, and 6 be the first pumping source, and 7 be the second pumping source, and 8 be the first wavelength division multiplexer, and 9 be second
Wavelength division multiplexer, 10 be Er-doped fiber, and 11 be the first photo-coupler, and 12 be optoisolator, and 13 be the second photo-coupler, and 14 be light
Circulator, 15 be testing fiber, and 16 be the first photodetector, and 17 be the second photodetector, and 18 be data acquisition equipment.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
The present invention provides a kind of high spatial resolution Detection Techniques based on noise like pulse, are with object to be measured below
For testing fiber 15, describe in detail to it.Based on the high spatial resolution Detection Techniques of noise like pulse in the present invention,
Its specific implementation process is as follows:
The equipments and devices needed in implementation process: the pumping source of two 980nm, two 980/1550nm wavelength-division multiplex
Device, an Er-doped fiber, a mode-locking device, an optoisolator, a splitting ratio are the first photo-coupler of 70:30, one
A splitting ratio is the second photo-coupler, a testing fiber, two high-speed photodetectors, optical circulator, one of 50:50
The high-speed oscilloscope of platform sampling rate 100GS/s, the high-speed oscilloscope are used as data acquisition equipment (18).
In pulse generation module (such as Fig. 2), energy injection part (4), two wavelength division multiplexers (8) and (9) have one
The transmission port of the transmission port of a 980nm and two 1550nm, the port the 980nm difference of two wavelength division multiplexers (8) and (9)
Two pumping sources (6) and (7) of two 980nm are connected, Er-doped fiber (10) is connected to two wavelength division multiplexers (8) and (9)
Between.
In addition, mode-locking device (5), the first photo-coupler (11) are connected with optoisolator (12) by the position in Fig. 2.
It has built a passive mode-locking fiber laser above, when work, by mode-locking device, its has been made to generate noise like arteries and veins
Punching is used for subsequent detection.
In pulse detection module (such as Fig. 3), two output ports of the second photo-coupler (13) respectively with optical circulator
(14) it is connected with the first photodetector (16), according to the splitting ratio of 50:50, using 50% noise like pulse as detection light arteries and veins
Punching is input in optical circulator (14), then into testing fiber (15), is inputted after completion detection through optical circulator (14)
To in the second photodetector (17);Other 50% noise like pulse is input to the first photodetection as reference light pulse
In device (16).
In data processing module (such as Fig. 4, data processing module other than including photodetector and data acquisition equipment,
Can also include computer), received optical signal is converted to electric signal by two photodetectors, through data acquisition equipment
(18) data are acquired, by processors such as computers by cross correlation algorithm, obtain accurate detection result.
In view of test result, the step of removing noise is added in data processing module, such as empirical modal can be used
The method for decomposing (EMD), handles the signal received, filters out noise factor therein, obtains more accurate detection knot
Fruit.
Each functional unit employed in the present invention can be commercially available, naturally it is also possible to which use is square in the prior art
Method voluntarily constructs.Cross correlation algorithm used in the present invention can directly utilize cross correlation algorithm in the prior art (as " swashed
Optical chaos signal correlation method ranging research ", Wang Yun ability etc., " Shenzhen University's journal science and engineering version ", the 4th phase of volume 27 in 2010).
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of detection system based on noise like pulse, which is characterized in that including pulse generation module (1), pulse detection mould
Block (2) and data processing module (3), wherein
The pulse generation module (1) is used to generate noise like pulse, the passive mode-locking light using passive mode-locking fiber laser
Fibre laser includes the first photo-coupler (11), exports the noise like pulse as detection by first photo-coupler (11)
Light source;
The pulse detection module (2) is used to pass through the second photo-coupler (13) for the noise like pulse as probe source
It is divided into detecting optical pulses and reference light pulse, and the detecting optical pulses is input in object to be measured by optical circulator (14)
Implement detection;
The data processing module (3) is used to receive respectively by the first photodetector (16) and the second photodetector (17)
The reference light pulse and the detecting optical pulses after the object to be measured, first photodetector (16) and described
Second photodetector (17) is used to convert optical signals into electric signal, then acquires these telecommunications by data acquisition equipment (18)
Number, finally recycle cross correlation algorithm processing to obtain the detection result to target.
2. the detection system as described in claim 1 based on noise like pulse, which is characterized in that for the data processing module
(3), the data acquisition equipment (18) therein is first to carry out denoising to collected electric signal, and cross-correlation is recycled to calculate
Method processing.
3. the detection system as described in claim 1 based on noise like pulse, which is characterized in that the pulse generation module (1)
Including passive mode-locking fiber laser, which includes the energy injection component for being connected in series to form circuit
(4), mode-locking device (5), the first photo-coupler (11) and optoisolator (12).
4. the detection system as claimed in claim 3 based on noise like pulse, which is characterized in that the energy injection component (4)
Including the first pumping source (6), the second pumping source (7), the first wavelength division multiplexer (8), the second wavelength division multiplexer (9) and er-doped light
Fine (10), wherein first pumping source (6) passes through first wavelength division multiplexer (8) and the one of the Er-doped fiber (10)
End is connected, the other end phase that second pumping source (7) passes through second wavelength division multiplexer (9) and the Er-doped fiber (10)
Even, thus by the energy coupling of first pumping source (6) and second pumping source (7) into the passive mode-locking fiber laser
Laser cavity in.
5. the detection system based on noise like pulse as described in claim 1-4 any one, which is characterized in that the pulse
Detecting module (2) is connected by first photo-coupler (11), and then is connected with the pulse generation module (1).
6. the detection system based on noise like pulse as described in claim 1-5 any one, which is characterized in that described first
Photodetector (16) is connected with second photo-coupler (13), for receiving the reference light pulse;
Second photodetector (17) is connected with the optical circulator (14), for receiving after the object to be measured
Detecting optical pulses;The object to be measured is preferably testing fiber (15).
7. a kind of detection method based on noise like pulse, which comprises the following steps:
(1) passive mode-locking fiber laser is built, and makes its output class noise pulse;
(2) by the second photo-coupler, the noise like pulse is divided into detecting optical pulses and reference light pulse;
(3) detecting optical pulses are input in object to be measured through optical circulator;
(4) reference light pulse is received by the first photodetector, is received by the second photodetector by the object to be measured
The detecting optical pulses being reflected back, and the two is converted into electric signal;
(5) data in electric signal are acquired by data acquisition equipment, using cross correlation algorithm, and then obtains detection result.
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Cited By (2)
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CN114235174A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-25 | 深圳技师学院(深圳高级技工学校) | Device capable of monitoring picosecond laser mode locking pulse in real time |
CN115639539A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-01-24 | 武汉六相光电技术有限公司 | Laser ranging device and method based on wide-spectrum noise-like pulse spectrum scanning |
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