CN109505957B

CN109505957B - Bearing axial clearance adjusting device and bearing axial clearance adjusting method

Info

Publication number: CN109505957B
Application number: CN201710832121.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雍超; 王建民
Original assignee: Nanjing High Speed Gear Manufacturing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing nangaochi new energy automobile transmission equipment Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2017-09-15
Filing date: 2017-09-15
Publication date: 2020-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-15
Also published as: CN109505957A

Abstract

A bearing axial gap adjustment apparatus comprising: the adjusting structure comprises a pushing structure and a locking structure fixedly connected with the pushing structure, the locking structure is connected to the end face of a bearing mounting structure provided with a bearing to be adjusted through a fastening piece, the pushing structure is suitable for being installed in a bearing mounting hole of the bearing mounting structure, and can apply axial pushing force to the bearing to be adjusted to reduce the axial gap of the bearing to be adjusted under the action of the fastening piece; and the measuring structure is axially movably arranged on the locking structure, and the axial thickness of the measuring structure is equal to that of the locking structure. The defect that the axial clearance adjusting precision of the bearing is poor in the prior art is solved.

Description

Bearing axial clearance adjusting device and bearing axial clearance adjusting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical assembly, in particular to a bearing axial clearance adjusting device and a bearing axial clearance adjusting method.

Background

The axial clearance of the bearing means a movement amount when the bearing is not mounted on the shaft or the bearing housing, the bearing is moved in the axial direction after the inner ring or the outer ring is fixed.

In the prior art, the adjustment of the axial bearing assembly clearance of a gear box shafting is difficult to measure accurately basically by experience, and particularly, the gear box is supported by adopting tapered roller bearings in a face-to-face arrangement mode for the shafting. When the shaft is placed horizontally, the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing slides down along the conical surface due to gravity, so that the axial clearance cannot be measured accurately in this case. The common method is that a crowbar is adopted to lift the shaft or turn the box body by 90 degrees to ensure that the shaft is vertical, a crane is used for hoisting along the axis to eliminate the influence of gravity, and a clearance of a bearing is measured by using tools such as a feeler gauge and the like and is adjusted. The method has the advantages of huge auxiliary equipment, low measurement precision, complex operation and measurement and potential safety hazard. On the customer site, especially when the gearbox is installed on the complete machine equipment, the maintenance area of the gearbox is occupied due to the influence of adjacent equipment, and the gearbox cannot be maintained unless detached from the complete machine. Therefore, when the gear box is maintained in a narrow space, the simple, efficient and accurate portable adjusting device is particularly important.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects of poor axial clearance adjusting precision of the bearing and large and complex equipment in the prior art, thereby providing the bearing axial clearance adjusting device and the bearing axial clearance adjusting method with higher axial clearance adjusting precision of the bearing.

Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a bearing axial clearance adjustment device, comprising:

the adjusting structure comprises a pushing structure and a locking structure fixedly connected with the pushing structure, the locking structure is connected to the end face of a bearing mounting structure provided with a bearing to be adjusted through a fastening piece, the pushing structure is suitable for being installed in a bearing mounting hole of the bearing mounting structure, and can apply axial pushing force to the bearing to be adjusted to reduce the axial gap of the bearing to be adjusted under the action of the fastening piece;

and the measuring structure is axially movably arranged on the locking structure, and the axial thickness of the measuring structure is equal to that of the locking structure. The fastener is threaded fastener, the last shaping of bearing mounting structure have with threaded fastener complex thread locking hole.

The pushing structure is detachably connected with the locking structure.

The locking structure is plate-shaped or annular and is provided with at least one mounting through hole for the threaded connecting piece to pass through; the pushing structure comprises at least one pushing block, and a threaded mounting hole matched with the threaded connecting piece is formed in the pushing block.

The pushing block is an arc-shaped block, and two end faces facing the bearing to be adjusted and the locking structure are planes respectively.

The mounting through holes are long strips extending along the radial direction.

The locking structure is provided with a plurality of installation through holes which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the locking structure.

The plurality of mounting through holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the locking structure.

The measuring structure is a measuring ring sleeved on the locking structure.

A bearing axial clearance adjusting method comprises the following steps:

measuring the axial length of the pushing structure, and marking as a;

the abutting-pushing structure is installed in the bearing installation hole, and the fastener is screwed until the axial clearance of the bearing to be adjusted is zero under the action of the axial abutting-pushing force;

pushing the measuring structure towards the bearing mounting structure along the axial direction until the measuring structure is contacted with the end face of the bearing mounting structure, and measuring the height difference between the end face of the measuring structure far away from the bearing mounting structure and the end face of the locking structure far away from the bearing mounting structure, and marking the height difference as b;

inquiring a target axial clearance value c of a bearing to be adjusted in an industry standard or calculated according to design;

calculating the thickness d of the gasket structure according to the d-a-b-c;

and installing a gasket structure with the thickness of d between the bearing to be adjusted and the bearing end cover in the bearing installation hole.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the bearing axial clearance adjusting device provided by the invention, the locking mechanism is arranged on the end face of the bearing mounting structure through the fastening piece, and the abutting structure fixedly connected with the locking mechanism applies an axial abutting force to the bearing to be adjusted under the action of the fastening piece, so that the axial clearance is reduced. When the shafting of the bearing to be adjusted is horizontally arranged, the shafting or the box body where the shafting is arranged does not need to be rotated by 90 degrees to be vertical, and the axial thrust generated by the thrust structure can be directly utilized to offset the offset generated by the downward sliding of the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing along the conical surface under the action of gravity. Therefore, the axial clearance adjusting device does not need to change the direction of the original shaft system when adjusting the axial clearance, so that the axial clearance adjusting device is more convenient to operate and eliminates potential safety hazards. Simultaneously, when measuring the clearance between locking structure and the bearing mounting structure terminal surface in the adjustment process, will measure the structure along the axial promote to with bearing mounting structure's terminal surface contact, because measure the thickness of structure with locking structure's axial thickness equals, consequently measure the structure with the difference in height between the locking structure is promptly locking structure with clearance value between the bearing mounting structure terminal surface, use the depth gauge to measure the difference in height this moment and can obtain accurate clearance value, compare and utilize clearance value of clearance gauge direct measurement, have higher precision, advantage more simple and convenient operation. Therefore, the bearing axial clearance adjusting device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple device structure, low cost, high adjusting precision, good portability and suitability for operation in a narrow space.

2. The bearing axial clearance adjusting device provided by the invention has the advantages that the mounting through hole on the locking structure is the long-strip-shaped hole extending along the radial direction, so that the pushing structure can be fixed at any corresponding position of the long-strip-shaped mounting through hole, meanwhile, the pushing structure is a plurality of arc-shaped pushing blocks, the position of the pushing structure on the locking structure can be adjusted according to the aperture of the bearing hole where the bearing to be adjusted is located, the bearing mounting holes with different apertures can be adapted, the adaptability is strong, all bearings on the gear box can be adjusted by the adjusting device, and the adjusting device does not need to be independently provided with an adaptive adjusting device for each bearing.

3. According to the bearing axial clearance adjusting method provided by the invention, the thickness of the gasket is obtained through calculation, and the gasket is arranged between the bearing to be adjusted and the bearing end cover in the bearing mounting hole, wherein the gasket can be independently processed and manufactured, the precision is higher, the manufacturing difficulty is lower, and the cost is low. Meanwhile, the gasket is arranged in the bearing hole, the sealing performance of the gasket is better than that of the gasket which is arranged between the bearing cover and the bearing end face, and the problem of oil leakage is avoided.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a bearing axial clearance adjustment mechanism provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the locking ring shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the pushing block shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the application of the bearing axial clearance device provided by the present invention in a gearbox;

description of reference numerals:

1. measuring ring, 2, locking ring, 21, mounting through hole, 3, abutting block, 31, threaded mounting hole, 4, threaded fastener, 5, threaded connector, 51, flat washer, 6, bearing seat, 61, bearing seat end face, 62, threaded locking hole, 7, tapered roller bearing, 8, bearing mounting hole, b', gap value, b and height difference

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a bearing axial gap adjustment device, which includes an adjustment structure and a measurement structure.

The adjusting structure comprises a pushing structure and a locking structure, specifically, the pushing structure is a plurality of pushing blocks 3, and the pushing blocks 3 are fixed on the locking structure through threaded connecting pieces 5. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the locking structure is a plate-shaped annular locking ring 2 having an inner hole. The locking ring 2 is provided with a threaded fastener 4 which connects the locking ring 2 to the end face of the bearing mounting structure of the bearing to be adjusted. Specifically, the bearing mounting structure is a bearing seat 6, and a thread locking hole 62 matched with the thread fastener 4 is formed in the bearing seat 6. As shown in fig. 4, the bearing to be adjusted in this embodiment is a tapered roller bearing 7, after the pushing block 3 is mounted on the locking ring 2, the pushing block 3 is mounted in the bearing mounting hole 8 of the bearing seat 6, and the pushing block 3 is pushed in the axial direction to contact with the end face of the tapered roller bearing 7, and the tapered roller bearing 7 applies an axial pushing force that reduces the axial gap thereof under the action of the threaded fastener 4. When the shaft of the tapered roller bearing 7 is horizontally arranged, the axial pushing force applied to the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing 7 by the pushing block 3 offsets the deviation generated along the conical surface due to the self weight of the whole shaft system, and the axial clearance can be adjusted without adjusting the arrangement direction of the shaft of the tapered roller bearing 7.

As shown in fig. 1, the measuring structure is a measuring ring 1 sleeved outside a locking ring 2, and the measuring ring 1 is movable in the axial direction and has a thickness equal to that of the locking ring 2. When the clearance value b' between the locking ring 2 and the bearing seat end surface 61 needs to be measured, the measuring ring 1 is sleeved on the outer side of the locking ring 2 and is pushed to be in contact with the bearing seat end surface 61. As shown in fig. 4, the height difference b between the outer end surface of the measuring ring 1 and the outer end surface of the locking ring 2 is the gap value b' between the locking ring 2 and the bearing seat end surface 61. At this time, the height difference is measured by using a depth gauge, and an accurate gap value b' can be obtained. And the clearance value b 'between the locking ring 2 and the bearing seat end surface 61 is displayed by using the height difference between the outer end surface of the measuring ring 1 and the outer end surface of the locking ring 2, so that the measurement of the clearance value b' is more convenient, and the measurement precision is improved.

As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of mounting through holes 21 are formed in the locking ring 2, the mounting through holes 21 are elongated holes extending in the radial direction, and the plurality of elongated mounting through holes 21 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the locking ring 2. The threaded connecting piece 5 for fixing the pushing block 3 and the threaded fastening piece 4 for connecting the locking ring 2 on the end surface 61 of the bearing seat can be simultaneously installed in the same installation through hole 21. The locking ring 2 with the structure can reduce the number of the holes and is convenient to process.

As shown in fig. 3, the pushing block 3 is an arc-shaped block, a threaded mounting hole 31 matched with the threaded connector 5 is formed in the pushing block 3, and two end faces facing the tapered roller bearing 7 and the locking ring 2 are respectively a plane, so that the end face of the tapered roller bearing 7 is uniformly stressed. Usually, 3 arc-shaped pushing blocks 3 are arranged to form a group, the axial length of each group of pushing blocks 3 is the same, and a plurality of groups of pushing blocks 3 with different axial lengths can be arranged on the locking ring 2 to adapt to bearing mounting holes 8 with different depths. Each group of pushing blocks 3 can move in the strip-shaped mounting through hole 21 along the radial direction according to the aperture size of the bearing mounting hole 8, and the position of the pushing blocks on the locking ring 2 is adjusted, so that the outer arc position of each arc-shaped pushing block 3 is the same as the inner wall of the bearing mounting hole 8. The arc-shaped pushing block 3 which is separately arranged can adapt to the diameters of the bearing mounting holes 8 with different sizes, and the adaptability of the bearing axial clearance adjusting device is enhanced. In this embodiment, the pushing block 3 is an arc-shaped block.

As an alternative embodiment, the pushing block 3 in this embodiment may also be configured as a V-shaped block, and when installed, the two end surfaces of the V-shaped block facing the tapered roller bearing 7 and the locking ring 2 are respectively a plane, and the break point of the V-shaped block is placed towards the center of the locking ring 2. The V-shaped block has the characteristic of convenient processing.

As shown in fig. 1, a flat washer 51 is further disposed between the threaded connector 5 and the locking ring 2 in this embodiment, so that a stress area between the threaded connector 5 and the locking ring 2 is increased, damage to the locking ring 2 is reduced, and the connection between the locking ring 2 and the abutting block 3 is firmer.

In this embodiment, the face of the locking ring 2 contacting the pushing block 3 is further provided with a plurality of radially extending scale bars. After the aperture of the bearing mounting hole 8 is measured, the mounting position of the pushing block 3 on the locking ring 2 is determined according to the scale bar.

The specific operation steps of the bearing axial clearance adjusting method provided by the embodiment when adjusting the axial clearance are as follows,

measuring the axial length of the pushing block 3 and recording as a;

the aperture of the bearing mounting hole 8 is measured, the position of the pushing blocks 3 on the locking ring 2 is adjusted according to the aperture, the 3 pushing blocks 3 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the locking ring 2, and the outer diameter of a ring surrounded by the pushing blocks 3 is the same as the inner diameter of the bearing mounting hole 8. The flat washer 51 is placed between the locking ring 2 and the threaded connector 5, and the threaded connector 5 passes through the mounting through hole 21 and is connected with the pushing block 3, so that the pushing block 3 is fixed with the locking ring 2.

And assembling and pressing the other end of the shaft system where the tapered roller bearing 7 is located by using a through cover.

The pushing block 3 is installed in the bearing mounting hole 8, the pushing block 3 is in contact with the tapered roller bearing 7, and the locking ring 2 is connected to the bearing seat end surface 61 by using the threaded fastener 4. By tightening the threaded fastener 4, an axial thrust force is applied to the tapered roller bearing 7, and at this time, an axial gap between the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing 7 and the rolling element is reduced.

And the shaft where the tapered roller bearing 7 is located is continuously rotated while the threaded fastener 4 is continuously screwed, so that the rolling bodies and the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing 7 in all directions are uniformly stressed. When the shaft just can not rotate freely any more, the axial clearance of the tapered roller bearing 7 is zero. I.e. stop screwing the threaded fastener 4.

The measuring ring 1 is sleeved on the outer side of the locking ring 2 and is pushed towards the bearing seat end surface 61 along the axial direction until the measuring ring is contacted with the bearing seat end surface 61. The difference in height, denoted b, between the distance of the measuring ring 1 from the bearing seat end face 61 and the distance of the locking ring 2 from the bearing seat end face 61 is measured using a depth gauge.

And inquiring a target axial clearance value c of the bearing to be adjusted in an industry standard or according to a design.

Calculating the thickness d of the gasket structure according to the d-a-b-c;

a spacer having a thickness d is mounted between the tapered roller bearing 7 and the bearing end cover in the bearing mounting hole 8.

When the depth of the bearing mounting hole 8 is large and the pushing block 3 cannot contact the end face of the tapered roller bearing 7, a bearing retainer ring with the axial length of e can be added between the tapered roller bearing 7 and the pushing block 3. The required thickness of the gasket is d ═ a + e-b-c.

When the bearing end cap is mounted with a spigot of axial length f, the required thickness of the gasket is d-a-b-c-f.

As an alternative, the bearing to be adjusted to which the bearing axial clearance adjusting device provided by the present embodiment is applied may also be other types of rolling bearings such as a self-aligning roller bearing.

As an alternative embodiment, the bearing mounting structure of the present embodiment may also be a gearbox housing.

As an alternative embodiment, the spacer in this embodiment may also be provided as a plurality of spacers having a total axial length d.

Example 2

The bearing axial clearance adjusting device and the bearing axial clearance adjusting method provided by the present embodiment have the same structure as the axial clearance adjusting device described in embodiment 1, and the bearing clearance adjusting method and the clearance measuring method between the locking ring 2 and the end surface of the bearing seat are the same as the method described in embodiment 1. The bearing to be adjusted is inquired in an industry standard or according to a designed target axial clearance value c, a bearing end cover with a spigot axial length f being a-b-c is installed in the bearing installation hole 8, and the bearing end cover and the bearing seat end face 61 are fixed through bolts.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A bearing axial clearance adjustment device, comprising:

and the measuring structure is axially movably arranged on the locking structure, and the axial thickness of the measuring structure is equal to that of the locking structure.

2. The bearing axial clearance adjustment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fastener is a threaded fastener, and the bearing mounting structure has a threaded locking hole formed therein for engagement with the threaded fastener.

3. The bearing axial clearance adjustment apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the pushing structure is detachably connected to the locking structure.

4. The bearing axial gap adjusting apparatus according to claim 3,

the locking structure is plate-shaped or annular and is provided with at least one mounting through hole for the threaded connecting piece to pass through;

the pushing structure comprises at least one pushing block, and a threaded mounting hole matched with the threaded connecting piece is formed in the pushing block.

5. The device for adjusting the axial clearance of a bearing as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pushing block is an arc-shaped block, and two end faces facing the bearing to be adjusted and the locking structure are respectively a plane.

6. The bearing axial gap adjusting apparatus of claim 5, wherein the mounting through-hole is elongated in a radial direction.

7. The bearing axial clearance adjustment apparatus of claim 6, wherein a plurality of the mounting through holes are formed on the locking structure, and the plurality of the mounting through holes are distributed along a circumferential direction of the locking structure.

8. The bearing axial clearance adjustment apparatus of claim 7, wherein a plurality of the mounting through holes are evenly distributed along a circumferential direction of the locking structure.

9. Bearing axial clearance adjustment device according to any of claims 1 or 2 or 4-8, characterized in that the measuring structure is a measuring ring fitted over the locking structure.

10. A bearing axial clearance adjustment method for adjusting a bearing axial clearance by using the bearing axial clearance adjustment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

measuring the axial length of the pushing structure, and marking as a;

calculating the thickness d of the gasket structure according to the d-a-b-c;