CN109450781B - Mail communication method based on distributed network and related device - Google Patents
Mail communication method based on distributed network and related device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109450781B CN109450781B CN201811645210.0A CN201811645210A CN109450781B CN 109450781 B CN109450781 B CN 109450781B CN 201811645210 A CN201811645210 A CN 201811645210A CN 109450781 B CN109450781 B CN 109450781B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- network
- node
- address information
- mail receiving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/42—Mailbox-related aspects, e.g. synchronisation of mailboxes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mail communication method based on a distributed network, wherein each node in the network stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes, when any network node needs to send a mail, the network address information of a mail receiving node is obtained through the network address information stored in at least one network node, and then the network address information is utilized to send to the mail receiving node. In the process of mail communication, the communication can be completed by utilizing nodes in the mail communication network without depending on a server, so that the problems that the mail cannot be sent and received due to instability of the server, the mail is leaked due to theft of the server and the like can be avoided, and the mail communication process is more stable. The invention also discloses a mail communication device, a system and a medium, which can also realize the technical effects.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a system, and a computer-readable storage medium for email communication.
Background
With the development of information technology, e-mail has become an important communication means in the communication field. Electronic mail, i.e. email, is a communication means for providing information exchange by electronic means, and is the most widely used service of the internet. Through an email system, a user can contact network users in any one of the corners of the world in a very inexpensive, very quick manner.
However, the existing email system is centralized, and needs to register an email address on a server of an email service provider, then connect to the server, provide a mail receiving and sending service by the server, store the mail content on the server, and communicate with different email service providers according to a standard email receiving and sending protocol.
In the prior art, the mail communication mode depending on the server is very dependent on a service provider, and once the server has a problem, the normal sending and receiving of the mail can not be caused.
Therefore, how to provide a mail communication method with higher reliability is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a mail communication method, a device, a system and a computer readable storage medium based on a distributed network, aiming at solving the technical problem of how to provide a mail communication method with higher reliability.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mail communication method based on a distributed network, which is applied to a network node in the distributed network, and the method includes:
acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the mail receiving nodes are network nodes for receiving mails to be sent, and a routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes;
and sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
Optionally, network address information of network nodes within a preset logical distance is stored in each network node.
Optionally, the obtaining network address information of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network includes:
acquiring network address information of the mail receiving node and a public key of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes and public keys of the network nodes corresponding to the network address information;
the sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node includes:
encrypting the mail to be sent by using the public key of the mail receiving node to obtain an encrypted mail to be sent;
and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
Optionally, before sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node, the method further includes:
judging whether the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails currently;
if yes, executing the step of sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node;
if not, acquiring network address information of at least one close-range node with the logic distance to the mail receiving node within a preset range by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network;
and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the close range node by using the network address information of the close range node, so that the encrypted mail to be sent is obtained from the close range node when the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails.
Optionally, the logical distance comprises:
and the exclusive or result of the mailbox addresses of the two network nodes.
Optionally, the network address information of the mail receiving node includes a mailbox address of the mail receiving node and identification information of a physical node to which the mail receiving node belongs.
Optionally, the obtaining network address information of the mail receiving node by using the routing table stored in the at least one network node includes:
sending a request for acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node to a super node in a distributed network; the super node stores network address information of all nodes in a distributed network;
and receiving the network address information of the mail receiving node returned by the super node.
Optionally, before the obtaining the network address information of the mail receiving node by using the routing table stored in at least one network node, the method further includes:
locally generating a public key and a corresponding private key of the current network node at the current network node;
calculating a hash value of a public key of the current network node, and taking the hash value as a mailbox address of the current network node;
and sending the mailbox address of the current network node, the public key of the current network node and the identification information of the physical node to which the current network node belongs to any network node as the routing information of the current network node so that the network node receiving the routing information updates a routing table stored by the network node by using the routing information.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mail communication apparatus based on a distributed network, the apparatus comprising:
a memory having stored thereon a mail communication program operable on the processor, the mail communication program when executed by the processor implementing the method as described.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a mail communication system based on a distributed network, the system including at least two network nodes, wherein:
each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes;
the network node acquires the network address information of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network, so that the network address information of the mail receiving node is used for sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mail communication system based on a distributed network, the system comprising:
the network address information acquisition module is used for acquiring the network address information of the mail receiving node by utilizing a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network; the mail receiving nodes are network nodes for receiving mails to be sent, and a routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes;
and the mail sending module is used for sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by utilizing the network address information of the mail receiving node.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a mail communication program executable by one or more processors to implement a mail communication method as described.
To achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a computer program product comprising computer instructions which, when run on a computer, make the computer perform the mail communication method disclosed in the foregoing.
Therefore, in the mail communication method based on the distributed network provided by the embodiment of the application, each node in the network stores the network address information of a plurality of network nodes, when any network node needs to send a mail, the network address information of a mail receiving node is obtained through the network address information stored in at least one network node, and then the network address information is sent to the mail receiving node. In the process of mail communication, the communication can be completed by utilizing nodes in the mail communication network without depending on a server, so that the problems that the mail cannot be sent and received due to instability of the server, the mail is leaked due to theft of the server and the like can be avoided, and the mail communication process is more stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a mail communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a mail communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and in the drawings described above, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be noted that the description relating to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
At present, the e-mail service depends on a service provider seriously, if a server is closed, or the server is unstable, the e-mail cannot be sent and received, and because the e-mail is stored on a third-party server, the risk that the e-mail is leaked on the third-party server also exists.
The invention provides a mail communication method based on a distributed network.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart according to an embodiment of the invention.
In one embodiment, the method comprises:
s101, obtaining network address information of a mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the mail receiving nodes are network nodes for receiving mails to be sent, and a routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes.
In the scheme, a plurality of network nodes exist in the distributed network, each network node can be used for receiving or sending mails, a routing table is maintained in each network node, and each routing table comprises network address information of the plurality of network nodes.
Firstly, the network address information of the mail receiving node is obtained by utilizing a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network. The mail receiving node is any network node which receives the mail sent by the current network node in the distributed network.
It should be noted that the routing table stored in each network node may store network address information of all network nodes in the network, or may store network address information of some network nodes, and in consideration of storage resources and other issues, it is preferable to store network address information of some network nodes in one routing table. When each network node only stores part of the network address information, the network node which needs to send the mail at present may not be able to query the network address information of the mail receiving node in the routing table stored by itself, so that the routing table information stored by the network node needs to be obtained from the corresponding network node according to the network node information stored by itself until the network address information of the mail receiving node is queried.
In a specific embodiment, each of the network nodes stores therein network address information of network nodes within a preset logical distance.
It should be noted that the logical distance is not an actual distance, and the distance with data transmission is not directly related, and is only used to facilitate management of each network node, so that the logical distance may be data determined according to the same standard, that is, the data may be applicable to each network node. In a specific embodiment, the logical distance is an exclusive or result of mailbox addresses of two network nodes.
In a specific embodiment, a super node may also be provided in the distributed network, and the storage capacity and the network transmission capacity of the super node are both high, and are used to store the network address information of all nodes in the entire distributed network node, that is, the routing table maintained by the super node includes the network address information of all nodes.
Specifically, a request for acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node is sent to a super node in a distributed network; the super node stores network address information of all nodes in a distributed network; and receiving the network address information of the mail receiving node returned by the super node.
In order to facilitate searching for the address of the node receiving the mail and to manage the network address of the distributed network node more conveniently, the network address information of all nodes in the distributed network can be maintained in one super node, and can be directly searched for in the super node, so that the information of the mail receiving node can be found out only by means of a plurality of network nodes, and the corresponding routing table is maintained without occupying part of other nodes to be stored in computing resources.
It should be noted that, a plurality of network address information are stored in each network node in the distributed network, or a super node is set in the distributed network to maintain the network address information of all nodes, which may be set according to actual conditions, or, of course, the two may be combined to make the super node as a backup, when other nodes in the distributed network do not obtain the network address information of the mail receiving node, the address is obtained from the super node, or after the network address of the mail receiving node is obtained by a common node, the address is obtained from the super node, so that the accurate determination of the address is ensured by comparison. S102, the mail to be sent is sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
Specifically, after the network address information of the mail receiving node is obtained, the mail to be sent can be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
Therefore, in the mail communication method based on the distributed network provided by the embodiment of the application, each node in the network stores the network address information of a preset number of network nodes, when any network node needs to send a mail, the network address information of a mail receiving node is obtained through the network address information stored in at least one network node, and then the network address information is sent to the mail receiving node. In the process of mail communication, the communication can be completed by utilizing nodes in the mail communication network without depending on a server, so that the problems that the mail cannot be sent and received due to instability of the server, the mail is leaked due to theft of the server and the like can be avoided, and the mail communication process is more stable.
A specific mail communication method provided in the embodiments of the present application is described below, and a specific mail communication method described below and any of the embodiments described above may be referred to with each other.
Referring to fig. 2, a specific email communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application specifically includes:
s201, obtaining the network address information of the mail receiving node and the public key of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes and public keys of the network nodes corresponding to the network address information.
Preferably, the distributed network may be a blockchain network or a CDN network;
in order to ensure the security of mail transmission, it is necessary to encrypt the mail content.
The asymmetric encryption system can complete secret communication without requiring the two communication parties to transmit keys in advance or having any agreement, and the keys are convenient to manage and can prevent counterfeiting and repudiation, so that the asymmetric encryption system is more suitable for secret communication requirements in network communication. Asymmetric encryption algorithms require two keys: public keys (public keys) and private keys (private keys). The public key and the private key are a pair, and if the public key is used for encrypting data, only the corresponding private key can be used for decrypting the data; if the data is encrypted with a private key, it can only be decrypted with the corresponding public key. Since two different keys are used for encryption and decryption.
In the scheme, the mail content is encrypted by adopting an asymmetric encryption algorithm, so that in addition to the network address information of each node, a public key of each node needs to be stored in a routing table, and a private key of each node is stored in the node of the routing table.
In this step, the network address information of the mail receiving node and the public key of the mail receiving node are acquired by using the routing table stored in at least one network node. It should be noted that the acquiring process is consistent with the process of acquiring the network address information in the foregoing embodiment, and only the acquired information includes the network address information and the corresponding public key, so that the specific acquiring process will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
S202, encrypting the mail to be sent by using the public key of the mail receiving node to obtain the encrypted mail to be sent.
Specifically, the public key of the mail receiving node is used for encrypting the mail to be sent to obtain a mail ciphertext, namely the encrypted mail to be sent. According to the principle of the asymmetric encryption algorithm, because the encrypted mail to be sent is obtained by encrypting the public key of the mail receiving node, the encrypted mail can be decrypted to obtain a plaintext mail only by the private key locally stored by the mail receiving node, so that a corresponding plaintext cannot be obtained if any other node intercepts or receives the mail in the transmission process, and the safety and the reliability of mail transmission can be ensured.
S203, the encrypted mail to be sent is sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
Therefore, the specific mail communication method provided by the embodiment of the application realizes encryption and decryption processing of mail contents by using an asymmetric encryption algorithm, thereby ensuring the safety of the mail in the transmission process.
In this case, in order to ensure that the mail can still be normally sent to the mail receiving node, the embodiment of the present application provides a specific mail communication method.
A specific mail communication method provided in the embodiments of the present application is described below, and a mail communication method described below and any of the embodiments described above may be referred to with each other.
Referring to fig. 3, a mail communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application specifically includes:
s301, obtaining the network address information of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network; the mail receiving nodes are network nodes for receiving mails to be sent, and a routing table in each network node stores a preset number of network address information.
S302, judging whether the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails currently.
In the scheme, before the encrypted mail to be sent is sent, whether a mail receiving node is in a state capable of receiving the mail currently is determined. If so, go to step S303, otherwise, go to step S304.
S303, the encrypted mail to be sent is sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
S304, obtaining the network address information of at least one close-range node with the logic distance to the mail receiving node within the preset range by using the routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network.
Specifically, if the mail receiving node cannot receive the mail at present, the network address information of the close-range node of the mail receiving node is acquired, that is, the network address information in the routing table stored by the mail receiving node itself is acquired.
S305, the encrypted mail to be sent is sent to the close range node by using the network address information of the close range node, so that the encrypted mail to be sent is obtained from the close range node when the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails.
Specifically, the encrypted mail to be sent is sent to the close range node by using the network address information of the close range node, the encrypted mail is temporarily stored by the close range node, and after the mail receiving node can receive the mail, the corresponding mail is acquired from the close range node.
It should be noted that the encrypted mail to be sent may also be stored in any network node, and if the encrypted mail to be sent is stored in other nodes that are not close-range nodes, the mail receiving node still needs to traverse multiple network nodes by using the information in at least two routing tables to find its own mail, which is time-consuming. After the mail receiving node reads the own mail, the information for confirming successful receiving can be sent to the short-distance network node storing the mail, so that the short-distance network node deletes the corresponding mail, and the storage resource of the short-distance network node is prevented from being wasted.
The logical distance described in the above embodiment is not an actual distance, and the distance having data transmission has no direct relationship, and is only used to facilitate management of each network node, so that the logical distance is only data determined according to the same standard, that is, the data can be applied to each network node. In a specific embodiment, the logical distance is an exclusive or result of mailbox addresses of two network nodes.
A specific mail communication method provided in the embodiments of the present application is described below, and a mail communication method described below and any of the embodiments described above may be referred to with each other.
Referring to fig. 4, the embodiment of the present application further includes, on the basis of any of the above embodiments:
s401, locally generating a public key and a corresponding private key of the current network node at the current network node.
It should be noted that, when the network node is used for the first time, the public key and the private key of the network node are locally generated, and the public key and the private key are used for performing asymmetric encryption operation on the mail.
S402, calculating the hash value of the public key of the current network node, and taking the hash value as the mailbox address of the current network node.
And calculating the hash value of the public key of the network node, wherein the hash value is used as the mailbox address of the current network node.
And S403, sending the mailbox address of the current network node, the public key of the current network node and the identification information of the physical node to which the current network node belongs to any network node as the routing information of the current network node, so that the network node receiving the routing information updates a routing table stored by the network node by using the routing information.
The mailbox address, the public key and the identification information of the affiliated physical node of the network node are used as the routing information of the network node and sent to any network node, so that the network node receiving the routing information updates the routing information into a routing table stored by the network node, and when other network nodes need to transmit mails to the current network node, the information of the network node can be inquired from the routing table of at least one network node in the network, and the mails are sent.
In the scheme, the network node locally generates own mailbox information such as a mail address, a public key and the like, and then sends the mailbox information to any network node, so that any network node adds own mailbox information in the routing table, and other nodes can acquire corresponding information through the routing table in the network to send mails when sending mails to the network node, thereby completing a mail communication process without depending on a server and ensuring that the mail communication process is more reliable.
In the following, a mail communication apparatus based on a distributed network provided by the embodiments of the present application is described, and a mail communication apparatus described below and any of the embodiments described above may be referred to with each other.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a mail communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 5, the mail communication apparatus 1 includes a memory 11 and a processor 12, the memory 11 stores a mail communication program operable on the processor 12, and the mail communication program implements the following method when executed by the processor 12:
acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the mail receiving nodes are network nodes for receiving mails to be sent, and a routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes; and sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
Therefore, according to the mail communication device based on the distributed network provided by the embodiment of the application, each node in the network stores the network address information of the preset number of network nodes, when any network node needs to send a mail, the network address information of the mail receiving node is obtained through the network address information stored in at least one network node, and then the network address information is sent to the mail receiving node. In the process of mail communication, the communication can be completed by utilizing nodes in the mail communication network without depending on a server, so that the problems that the mail cannot be sent and received due to instability of the server, the mail is leaked due to theft of the server and the like can be avoided, and the mail communication process is more stable.
And each network node stores the network address information of the network node in the preset logic.
When the mail communication program is executed by the processor 12, the following steps may be specifically implemented: acquiring network address information of the mail receiving node and a public key of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes and public keys of the network nodes corresponding to the network address information; encrypting the mail to be sent by using the public key of the mail receiving node to obtain an encrypted mail to be sent; and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
The mail communication program, when executed by the processor 12, may further implement: judging whether the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails currently; if yes, executing the step of sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node; if not, acquiring network address information of at least one close-range node with the logic distance to the mail receiving node within a preset range by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network; and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the close range node by using the network address information of the close range node, so that the encrypted mail to be sent is obtained from the close range node when the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails.
Wherein the logical distance comprises an exclusive or result of mailbox addresses of the two network nodes.
The network address information of the mail receiving node comprises a mailbox address of the mail receiving node and identification information of a physical node to which the mail receiving node belongs.
The mail communication program, when executed by the processor 12, may further implement: sending a request for acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node to a super node in a distributed network; the super node stores network address information of all nodes in a distributed network; and receiving the network address information of the mail receiving node returned by the super node.
When the mail communication program is executed by the processor 12, the following steps may be specifically implemented: locally generating a public key and a corresponding private key of the current network node at the current network node; calculating a hash value of a public key of the current network node, and taking the hash value as a mailbox address of the current network node; and sending the mailbox address of the current network node, the public key of the current network node and the identification information of the physical node to which the current network node belongs to any network node as the routing information of the current network node so that the network node receiving the routing information updates a routing table stored by the network node by using the routing information.
In the present embodiment, the mail communication device 1 may be a PC (Personal Computer), a smart phone, a tablet PC, a palmtop Computer, or a portable Computer.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the mail communication apparatus 1 may further include a bus 13, wherein the memory 11 and the processor 12 are connected through the bus 13.
The memory 11 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, which includes a flash memory, a hard disk, a multimedia card, a card type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory, etc.), a magnetic memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and the like. The memory 11 may in some embodiments be an internal storage unit of the mail communication apparatus 1, for example a hard disk of the mail communication apparatus 1. The memory 11 may in other embodiments also be an external storage device of the mail communication apparatus 1, such as a plug-in hard disk provided on the mail communication apparatus 1, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card) or the like. Further, the memory 11 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the mail communication apparatus 1. The memory 11 can be used not only for storing application software installed in the mail communication apparatus 1 and various types of data such as codes of mail communication programs, etc., but also for temporarily storing data that has been output or is to be output.
The processor 12 may be, in some embodiments, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or other data Processing chip for executing program codes stored in the memory 11 or Processing data, such as executing a mail communication program.
The bus 13 may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 5, but this is not intended to represent only one bus or type of bus.
Further, the mail communication apparatus 1 may further comprise a network interface 14, and the network interface 14 may optionally comprise a wired interface and/or a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface, a bluetooth interface, etc.), which are generally used for establishing a communication connection between the mail communication apparatus 1 and other electronic devices.
Optionally, the mail communication apparatus 1 may further comprise a user interface 15, the user interface 15 may comprise a Display (Display), an input unit such as a Keyboard (Keyboard), and the optional user interface may further comprise a standard wired interface, a wireless interface. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touch device, or the like. The display, which may also be referred to as a display screen or display unit, is suitable for displaying information processed in the mail communication device 1 and for displaying a visual user interface.
Fig. 5 shows only the mail communication apparatus 1 with the components 11-15, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in fig. 5 does not constitute a limitation of the mail communication apparatus 1, and may comprise fewer or more components than those shown, or some components in combination, or a different arrangement of components.
Further, the embodiment also discloses a mail communication system based on the distributed network.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a mail communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 6, the mail communication system includes:
a network address information obtaining module 501, configured to obtain network address information of a mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the mail receiving nodes are network nodes for receiving mails to be sent, and a routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes;
a mail sending module 502, configured to send the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
Therefore, in the mail communication system based on the distributed network provided by the embodiment of the application, each node in the network stores the network address information of a preset number of network nodes, and when any network node needs to send a mail, the network address information of a mail receiving node is obtained through the network address information stored in at least one network node, and then the network address information is sent to the mail receiving node. In the process of mail communication, the communication can be completed by utilizing nodes in the mail communication network without depending on a server, so that the problems that the mail cannot be sent and received due to instability of the server, the mail is leaked due to theft of the server and the like can be avoided, and the mail communication process is more stable.
In this embodiment, each of the network nodes stores network address information of a network node within a preset logical distance.
In this embodiment, the network address information obtaining module 501 is specifically configured to obtain the network address information of the mail receiving node and the public key of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network; the routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes and public keys of the network nodes corresponding to the network address information;
a mail sending module 502, specifically configured to encrypt the mail to be sent by using the public key of the mail receiving node, so as to obtain an encrypted mail to be sent; and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
Further, the mail communication system may further include:
the judging unit is used for judging whether the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails currently;
a first sending unit, configured to send the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using network address information of the mail receiving node when the mail receiving node is in a state capable of receiving a mail;
the short-distance node determining unit is used for acquiring the network address information of at least one short-distance node with the logic distance from the mail receiving node within a preset range by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network when the mail receiving node is not in a state of being capable of receiving mails;
and the second sending unit is used for sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the close-range node by using the network address information of the close-range node so as to obtain the encrypted mail to be sent to the close-range node when the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving the mail.
In this embodiment, the logical distance includes: and the exclusive or result of the mailbox addresses of the two network nodes.
In this embodiment, the network address information of the mail receiving node includes a mailbox address of the mail receiving node and identification information of a physical node to which the mail receiving node belongs.
In this embodiment, the network address information obtaining module 501 is specifically configured to send a request for obtaining network address information of a mail receiving node to a super node in a distributed network; the super node stores network address information of all nodes in a distributed network; and receiving the network address information of the mail receiving node returned by the super node. Further, the mail communication system may further include:
the key generation module is used for locally generating a public key and a corresponding private key of the current network node at the current network node;
the mailbox address generation module is used for calculating a hash value of a public key of the current network node and taking the hash value as a mailbox address of the current network node;
and the uploading module is used for sending the mailbox address of the current network node, the public key of the current network node and the identification information of the physical node to which the current network node belongs to any network node as the routing information of the current network node so that the network node receiving the routing information updates a routing table stored by the network node by using the routing information.
Further, this embodiment also provides a mail communication system based on a distributed network, where the system includes at least two network nodes, where:
each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes;
the network node acquires the network address information of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network, so that the network address information of the mail receiving node is used for sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node.
In a specific embodiment, each of the network nodes stores therein network address information of network nodes within a preset logical distance.
In a specific embodiment, the network node obtains the network address information of the mail receiving node and the public key of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes and public keys of the network nodes corresponding to the network address information; encrypting the mail to be sent by using the public key of the mail receiving node to obtain an encrypted mail to be sent; and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
In a specific embodiment, the network node determines whether the mail receiving node is currently in a state of being able to receive mails; if yes, executing the step of sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node; if not, acquiring network address information of at least one close-range node with the logic distance to the mail receiving node within a preset range by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network; and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the close range node by using the network address information of the close range node, so that the encrypted mail to be sent is obtained from the close range node when the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails.
In a specific embodiment, the logical distance includes: and the exclusive or result of the mailbox addresses of the two network nodes.
In a specific embodiment, the network address information of the mail receiving node includes a mailbox address of the mail receiving node and identification information of a physical node to which the mail receiving node belongs.
In a specific embodiment, a network node sends a request for acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node to a super node in a distributed network; the super node stores network address information of all nodes in a distributed network; and receiving the network address information of the mail receiving node returned by the super node.
In a specific embodiment, the network node locally generates a public key and a corresponding private key of the current network node at the current network node; calculating a hash value of a public key of the current network node, and taking the hash value as a mailbox address of the current network node; and sending the mailbox address of the current network node, the public key of the current network node and the identification information of the physical node to which the current network node belongs to the network node as the routing information of the current network node, so that the network node receiving the routing information updates a routing table stored by the network node by using the routing information.
Further, the present embodiment also discloses a computer-readable storage medium, on which a mail communication program is stored, the mail communication program being executable by one or more processors to implement the following method:
acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the mail receiving nodes are network nodes for receiving mails to be sent, and a routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes; and sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
Therefore, in the computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiment of the present application, each node in the network stores network address information of a preset number of network nodes, and when any network node needs to send an email, the network address information of the email receiving node is obtained through the network address information stored in at least one network node, and then the network address information is sent to the email receiving node. In the process of mail communication, the communication can be completed by utilizing nodes in the mail communication network without depending on a server, so that the problems that the mail cannot be sent and received due to instability of the server, the mail is leaked due to theft of the server and the like can be avoided, and the mail communication process is more stable.
And each network node stores the network address information of the network node in the preset logic.
When executed by one or more processors, the email communication program may specifically implement: acquiring network address information of the mail receiving node and a public key of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes and public keys of the network nodes corresponding to the network address information; encrypting the mail to be sent by using the public key of the mail receiving node to obtain an encrypted mail to be sent; and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
When executed by one or more processors, the email communication program may specifically implement: judging whether the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails currently; if yes, executing the step of sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node; if not, acquiring network address information of at least one close-range node with the logic distance to the mail receiving node within a preset range by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network; and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the close range node by using the network address information of the close range node, so that the encrypted mail to be sent is obtained from the close range node when the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails.
Wherein the logical distance comprises an exclusive or result of mailbox addresses of the two network nodes.
The network address information of the mail receiving node comprises a mailbox address of the mail receiving node and identification information of a physical node to which the mail receiving node belongs.
When executed by one or more processors, the email communication program may specifically implement: sending a request for acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node to a super node in a distributed network; the super node stores network address information of all nodes in a distributed network; and receiving the network address information of the mail receiving node returned by the super node. When executed by one or more processors, the email communication program may specifically implement: locally generating a public key and a corresponding private key of the current network node at the current network node; calculating a hash value of a public key of the current network node, and taking the hash value as a mailbox address of the current network node; and sending the mailbox address of the current network node, the public key of the current network node and the identification information of the physical node to which the current network node belongs to any network node as the routing information of the current network node so that the network node receiving the routing information updates a routing table stored by the network node by using the routing information.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, cause the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the invention to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can store or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that is integrated with one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be substantially implemented or contributed to by the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description, and do not represent the merits of the embodiments. And the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, apparatus, article, or method that includes the element.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A mail communication method based on a distributed network, which is applied to a network node in the distributed network, the method comprising:
acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the mail receiving nodes are network nodes for receiving mails to be sent, and a routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes;
sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node;
before the obtaining the network address information of the mail receiving node by using the routing table stored in at least one network node, the method further comprises the following steps:
locally generating a public key and a corresponding private key of the current network node at the current network node;
calculating a hash value of a public key of the current network node, and taking the hash value as a mailbox address of the current network node;
and sending the mailbox address of the current network node, the public key of the current network node and the identification information of the physical node to which the current network node belongs to any network node as the routing information of the current network node so that the network node receiving the routing information updates a routing table stored by the network node by using the routing information.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the network nodes stores therein network address information of network nodes within a preset logical distance.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining network address information of the mail receiving node using a routing table maintained in at least one network node in the distributed network comprises:
acquiring network address information of the mail receiving node and a public key of the mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network; the routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes and public keys of the network nodes corresponding to the network address information;
the sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node includes:
encrypting the mail to be sent by using the public key of the mail receiving node to obtain an encrypted mail to be sent;
and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein before sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node, the method further comprises:
judging whether the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails currently;
if yes, executing the step of sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node;
if not, acquiring network address information of at least one close-range node with the logic distance to the mail receiving node within a preset range by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network;
and sending the encrypted mail to be sent to the close range node by using the network address information of the close range node, so that the encrypted mail to be sent is obtained from the close range node when the mail receiving node is in a state of being capable of receiving mails.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the logical distance comprises:
and the exclusive or result of the mailbox addresses of the two network nodes.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network address information of the mail receiving node comprises a mailbox address of the mail receiving node and identification information of a physical node to which the mail receiving node belongs.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining network address information of the mail receiving node using a routing table maintained in at least one network node comprises:
sending a request for acquiring network address information of a mail receiving node to a super node in a distributed network; the super node stores network address information of all nodes in a distributed network;
and receiving the network address information of the mail receiving node returned by the super node.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the distributed network is a blockchain network or a CDN network.
9. A distributed network based mail communication apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a mail communication program operable on the processor, the mail communication program when executed by the processor implementing the method of any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A mail communication system based on a distributed network, the system comprising at least two network nodes, wherein:
each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes;
the network node acquires network address information of a mail receiving node by using a routing table stored in at least one network node in a distributed network, so that a mail to be sent is sent to the mail receiving node by using the network address information of the mail receiving node;
before the obtaining the network address information of the mail receiving node by using the routing table stored in at least one network node, the method further comprises the following steps:
locally generating a public key and a corresponding private key of the current network node at the current network node;
calculating a hash value of a public key of the current network node, and taking the hash value as a mailbox address of the current network node;
and sending the mailbox address of the current network node, the public key of the current network node and the identification information of the physical node to which the current network node belongs to any network node as the routing information of the current network node so that the network node receiving the routing information updates a routing table stored by the network node by using the routing information.
11. A distributed network-based mail communication system, the system comprising:
the network address information acquisition module is used for acquiring the network address information of the mail receiving node by utilizing a routing table stored in at least one network node in the distributed network; the mail receiving nodes are network nodes for receiving mails to be sent, and a routing table in each network node stores network address information of a plurality of network nodes;
the mail sending module is used for sending the mail to be sent to the mail receiving node by utilizing the network address information of the mail receiving node;
the system, still include:
the key generation module is used for locally generating a public key and a corresponding private key of the current network node at the current network node;
the mailbox address generation module is used for calculating a hash value of a public key of the current network node and taking the hash value as a mailbox address of the current network node;
and the uploading module is used for sending the mailbox address of the current network node, the public key of the current network node and the identification information of the physical node to which the current network node belongs to any network node as the routing information of the current network node so that the network node receiving the routing information updates a routing table stored by the network node by using the routing information.
12. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a mail communication program executable by one or more processors to implement the mail communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811645210.0A CN109450781B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Mail communication method based on distributed network and related device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811645210.0A CN109450781B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Mail communication method based on distributed network and related device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109450781A CN109450781A (en) | 2019-03-08 |
| CN109450781B true CN109450781B (en) | 2021-08-06 |
Family
ID=65542236
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811645210.0A Active CN109450781B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Mail communication method based on distributed network and related device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109450781B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109831374B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-04-21 | 深圳幂度信息科技有限公司 | Mail receiving and sending system based on block chain |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101212470A (en) * | 2006-12-30 | 2008-07-02 | 中国科学院计算技术研究所 | Distributed email system resistant to junk emails |
| CN103580863A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-12 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Communication safety control method and device, and nodes of Internet of Things |
| CN106375321A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2017-02-01 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Migrating authenticated content towards content consumer |
| CN108337170A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-27 | 浙江省公众信息产业有限公司 | Distributed resource lookup method and system |
| CN108989220A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-11 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Route Method And Route System |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10230636B2 (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2019-03-12 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Software interface layer of a mesh network device |
-
2018
- 2018-12-29 CN CN201811645210.0A patent/CN109450781B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101212470A (en) * | 2006-12-30 | 2008-07-02 | 中国科学院计算技术研究所 | Distributed email system resistant to junk emails |
| CN106375321A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2017-02-01 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Migrating authenticated content towards content consumer |
| CN103580863A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-12 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Communication safety control method and device, and nodes of Internet of Things |
| CN108337170A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-27 | 浙江省公众信息产业有限公司 | Distributed resource lookup method and system |
| CN108989220A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-11 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Route Method And Route System |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| "Quality of experience vs. quality of service : Application for a CDN Architecture";Abdelhamid Mellouk，等;《2013 21st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks - (SoftCOM 2013)》;20131121;第1-8页 * |
| "无中心电子邮件系统";宁晨耕;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库信息科技辑》;20180415;I139-573 * |
| "高可用性安全电子邮件系统研究与设计";雷校勇;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库信息科技辑》;20070228;I139-214 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109450781A (en) | 2019-03-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109862041B (en) | Digital identity authentication method, equipment, device, system and storage medium | |
| US10122718B2 (en) | Data access and ownership management | |
| US9686356B2 (en) | Zero-knowledge environment based social networking engine | |
| CN107948152B (en) | Information storage method, information acquisition method, information storage device, information acquisition device and information acquisition equipment | |
| US9166781B2 (en) | Key change management apparatus and key change management method | |
| CN105830133B (en) | File safeguard system and user terminal | |
| CN111052685B (en) | Method and apparatus for multi-agent messaging | |
| US11063922B2 (en) | Virtual content repository | |
| CN109635581A (en) | A kind of data processing method, equipment, system and storage medium | |
| CN110363017A (en) | Mix the data safety sharing method and system based on client encryption under cloud environment | |
| CN110909383A (en) | Electronic invoice management method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium | |
| CN110808974A (en) | Data acquisition method and device, computer device and storage medium | |
| CN116028486A (en) | Method and device for data storage and data query | |
| CN113434906B (en) | Data query method, device, computer equipment and storage medium | |
| CN109450781B (en) | Mail communication method based on distributed network and related device | |
| CN104834874A (en) | Establishing physical locality between secure execution environments | |
| JP6760904B2 (en) | Information processing equipment, information processing methods, and information processing programs | |
| CN112905990A (en) | Access method, client, server and access system | |
| CN112529402A (en) | Task delegation method, system, device, equipment and storage medium | |
| CN111291414A (en) | Data storage method and device, computer device and storage medium | |
| US20190007221A1 (en) | Automatic elevation of system security | |
| CN110324426B (en) | Data acquisition method, device and system | |
| CN111343150B (en) | Transaction data transmission method and system based on block chain and related components | |
| CN110458566B (en) | Block chain account address generation method, system and device and computer readable storage medium | |
| CN113553623A (en) | Access request authentication method and device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |