CN109450531B - Optical fiber interferometer sensor disturbance signal demodulation device based on single-side-band frequency modulation - Google Patents

Optical fiber interferometer sensor disturbance signal demodulation device based on single-side-band frequency modulation Download PDF

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CN109450531B
CN109450531B CN201910032658.3A CN201910032658A CN109450531B CN 109450531 B CN109450531 B CN 109450531B CN 201910032658 A CN201910032658 A CN 201910032658A CN 109450531 B CN109450531 B CN 109450531B
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金晓峰
程志威
金向东
余显斌
陈毅
丛波
谭庆贵
沈小青
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a single-sideband frequency modulation-based optical fiber interferometer sensor disturbing signal demodulating device which comprises a laser, a modulator, a frequency modulation source, an optical filter, an optical amplifier, an optical isolator, a Michelson interferometer, PZT, a photoelectric detector and a data sampling card. The device introduces a microwave frequency modulation source, and utilizes a frequency sweeping method, thereby avoiding the high requirement of the traditional internal modulation PGC method on a directly modulated laser source and reducing the relative intensity noise; in addition, the invention adopts a 12-point orthogonal demodulation algorithm, avoids extra electric noise caused by the use of an electric mixer, has large measurement dynamic range and can completely automatically measure, simplifies the demodulation algorithm and reduces the cost; meanwhile, the system can effectively detect the array sensors distributed at will, so that the system has stronger applicability.

Description

Optical fiber interferometer sensor disturbance signal demodulation device based on single-side-band frequency modulation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical communication, and particularly relates to a disturbance signal demodulation device of an optical fiber interferometer sensor based on single-sideband frequency modulation.
Background
Fiber optic hydrophones are widely used for seismic prediction, oil exploration, security detection, and the like, due to their high sensitivity, large dynamic range, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Generally, an unequal-arm system of a fiber optic interferometer sensor can be divided into a michelson structure and a mach-zehnder structure, and a Phase Generated Carrier (PGC) technology is used for demodulating a disturbance signal on a signal arm of the system. The traditional PGC technical principle of internal modulation is to adopt an unbalanced interferometer, and to perform high-frequency modulation on the light source frequency, so as to introduce a large-amplitude phase modulation signal of a certain frequency outside the bandwidth of a detection signal into the interferometer, enable the detection signal to become the sideband of the large-amplitude carrier waves, separate the AC sensing signal and the low-frequency random phase drift of the fiber interferometer in a way of carrying out related detection and differential cross multiplication by using the carrier waves and frequency-doubled carrier waves respectively, and obtain stable sensing signal output through a high-pass filter; this technique simplifies the system architecture, however the corresponding introduces frequency chirp and additional light source modulation and increases the relative intensity noise in the overall system. In addition, conventional signal demodulation schemes include an active homodyne method, a passive homodyne method, and a heterodyne method, in which introduction of an electrical mixer causes low conversion efficiency, additional electrical noise, and phase shift due to temperature variation in an analog demodulation structure, and thus some digital quadrature demodulation schemes that do not require electrical mixing have been proposed, which eliminate random variation due to optical phase imbalance caused by asymmetry of a digital domain structure.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102353393A proposes an orthogonal demodulation apparatus for pi/2 phase modulation-based interference optical sensor, in which output light of a laser is divided into a signal sensing optical path and a reference optical path after passing through a 1 × 2 coupler, the signal sensing optical path obtains sensing signal output through a phase sensitive device of a sensing head, the reference optical path obtains reference signal output through a pi/2 phase modulator, the sensing signal output and the reference signal output are subjected to interference and combination by a 2 × 1 optical combiner to generate interference light, the interference light is sampled by a digital signal processor after passing through a photodetector, and acquired data is divided into two paths according to odd-even positions and then subjected to digital orthogonal demodulation to obtain a sensing signal to be demodulated. The device has a simple structure, but the reference source part is arranged on the reference arm of the 'wet end' of the optical fiber interferometer, so that the 'wet end' full optical fiber is not realized, and the construction of a large hydrophone array is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a single-sideband frequency modulation-based fiber interferometer sensor disturbing signal demodulating device, which modulates a frequency modulation signal onto an optical signal through a modulator, obtains the single-sideband frequency modulation signal through filtering and amplification, realizes full optical fiber at a wet end, and obtains two paths of orthogonal signals by sampling 12 data points in one frequency modulation period and utilizing the orthogonality of the data points, thereby demodulating disturbing signal information.
A disturbance signal demodulation device of an optical fiber interferometer sensor based on single-sideband frequency modulation comprises a laser, a frequency modulation source, a modulator, an optical filter, an optical amplifier, an optical isolator, a Michelson interferometer, PZT (lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic), a photoelectric detector and a data sampling card; wherein:
the laser is used for emitting continuous narrow linewidth optical signals and inputting the continuous narrow linewidth optical signals to the modulator;
the frequency modulation source is used for generating frequency modulation waves with frequency modulation frequency f and frequency modulation index β and inputting the frequency modulation waves to the modulator;
the modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the frequency modulation wave to a narrow linewidth optical signal to obtain an optical carrier frequency modulation signal C1;
the optical filter is used for performing band-pass sideband filtering on the optical carrier frequency modulation signal C1 and filtering an optical sideband at one side of the optical carrier frequency modulation signal C1 to obtain a single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C2;
the optical amplifier is used for carrying out optical power amplification on the single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C2, and the amplified single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C2 is input into the Michelson interferometer through the optical isolator;
the Michelson interferometer comprises an optical coupler, a signal arm, a reference arm and Faraday rotation mirrors M1 and M2, wherein the optical coupler is used for dividing an optical signal input into the Michelson interferometer into two parts: one path is a reference optical signal, and the reference optical signal is transmitted to a Faraday rotation mirror M1 through a reference arm; the other path is a modulated optical signal which is transmitted to a Faraday rotation mirror M2 through a signal arm; the two paths of optical signals are respectively reflected back to the optical coupler by Faraday rotation mirrors M1 and M2 and interfere to output a single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C3;
the PZT is embedded in a signal arm of the Michelson interferometer and is used for superposing a disturbance signal on the signal arm;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting a single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C3 into an electric signal I and inputting the electric signal I into the data acquisition card;
the data sampling card is used for sampling the electric signal I to obtain a corresponding digital signal D, and then a digital signal processing unit integrated inside is used for carrying out 12-point quadrature demodulation to obtain the disturbing signal.
Further, the laser adopts a narrow linewidth DFB (distributed Feedback laser) light source, and the modulator adopts a Mach-Zehnder modulator.
Furthermore, the frequency modulation source adopts an Agilent analog signal source, a frequency modulation module is integrated in the frequency modulation source, the frequency modulation frequency is set to be f, and the frequency modulation index is set to be β.
Furthermore, the optical filter adopts a band-pass filter for sideband filtering, and the optical amplifier adopts an EDFA (erbium doped fiber amplifier) for compensating the optical path loss.
Furthermore, the Michelson interferometer comprises two paths of optical arms (namely a signal arm and a reference arm) with different lengths, the arm length difference of the two paths of optical arms is related to the frequency modulation frequency f and the frequency modulation index β, and the PZT is tightly wound on the piezoelectric ceramic cylinder by a section of optical fiber to be used as a sensor.
Furthermore, the data sampling card adopts a 24-bit NI acquisition card, a digital signal processing unit is integrated inside the data sampling card, and the sampling rate is set to be 12 times of the frequency modulation frequency f, namely 12f, so as to meet the 12-point quadrature demodulation algorithm.
Furthermore, the digital signal processing unit comprises an odd module, an even module, a division module and an arc tangent module, the data sampling card utilizes the parity orthogonality of the electric signal I output by the photoelectric detector to select corresponding sampling data points through sampling and input the sampling data points into the odd module and the even module in a matching way respectively, the output results of the odd module and the even module are input into the division module to carry out division operation, and the result obtained through the operation is input into the arc tangent module, so that the disturbance signal is obtained through demodulation.
Further, the electrical signal I output by the photodetector determines the first sampling point P through synchronous operation0At each one ofThe electrical signal I is sampled for 12 data points (P) within a frequency modulation period of 1/f0,...,P11) (ii) a The electric signal I is expanded into a direct current term A and an even signal I1And odd signal I2Said even signal I1And odd signal I2The maximum value and the minimum value of the time interval are obtained by taking values of the internal time variable according to 1/12f intervals; even signal I1Wherein the same value corresponds to 1/2f per time interval, in the case of the odd signal I2The value of 1/2f per time interval is reversed; even signal I1By adding two sets of data points (P) at a time interval of 1/2f to the electrical signal I0，P6) And (P)3，P9) To obtain P0+P6Sum of (D) and P3+P9The sum of the two signals is subtracted to offset the influence of the direct current term A in the electric signal I; odd signal I2Is determined by subtracting the electrical signal I from two sets of data points (P) at a time interval of 1/2f1，P7) And (P)5，P11) To obtain P7-P1Difference of (D) and P11-P5The influence of the direct current term A in the electric signal I can be counteracted by adding the difference values; even signal I1Peak-to-peak and odd signal I2Are orthogonal to each other.
The device introduces a microwave frequency modulation source, and utilizes a frequency sweeping method, thereby avoiding the high requirement of the traditional internal modulation PGC method on a directly modulated laser source and reducing the relative intensity noise; in addition, the invention adopts a 12-point orthogonal demodulation algorithm, avoids extra electric noise caused by the use of an electric mixer, has large measurement dynamic range and can completely automatically measure, simplifies the demodulation algorithm and reduces the cost; meanwhile, the system can effectively detect the array sensors distributed at will, so that the system has stronger applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a disturbing signal demodulating apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of 12 data points sampled in one frequency modulation period according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the implementation principle of the 12-point sampling quadrature demodulation algorithm of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, the following detailed description is provided for the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the single-sideband frequency modulation-based optical fiber interferometer sensor disturbing signal demodulating device of the present invention includes: the system comprises a laser 1, a frequency modulation source 2, a modulator 3, an optical filter 4, an optical amplifier 5, an optical isolator 6, a Michelson interferometer 7, PZT8, a photoelectric detector 9 and a data acquisition card 10; wherein: the laser 1 emits continuous narrow linewidth light, the frequency modulation source 2 emits a frequency modulation wave to the modulator 3 to obtain an optical carrier frequency modulation signal C1, the working state of the modulator 3 is controlled by direct current bias, the optical filter 4 is used for carrying out band-pass filtering on the optical carrier frequency modulation signal C1 and filtering an optical sideband at one side of the optical carrier frequency modulation signal C2, the optical amplifier 5 is used for carrying out optical power amplification on the single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C2 and inputting the signal into the Michelson interferometer 7 through the optical isolator 6, the Michelson interferometer 7 is composed of a 2 x 2 optical coupler, a signal arm, a reference arm and a Faraday rotator, the optical signal arm in the Michelson interferometer 7 is embedded in PZT8 to generate a disturbance signal and is reflected back to the optical coupler to interfere and output the single-sideband carrier frequency modulation signal C3, the photoelectric detector 9 receives the single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C3 interfered by the optical coupler, and the electrical signal is converted into an electrical signal E1 and is input into the data acquisition card 10, the data acquisition card 10 is used for sampling the electrical signal E1 to obtain a digital signal D1, and the next 12-point orthogonal demodulation operation is performed to obtain a disturbance signal to be demodulated.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
supposing the frequency modulation wave output by the frequency modulation source to be phic(t)：
Φc(t)＝cos[ωct+βcos(ωFMt)]
Wherein: omegacCentral angular frequency of unmodulated RF signal, β is the frequency modulation index, ωFMIs a frequency modulation angular frequency.
Assuming that the Mach-Zehnder modulator operates at quadrature point, the result is obtained by a programmable band-pass filterA single sideband signal and passes through the signal arm (E) of the Michelson interferometer because the high order component is ignored under small signal modulations) And a reference arm (E)r) Respectively expressed as:
Figure BDA0001944787050000051
Figure BDA0001944787050000052
wherein: m is the Mach-Zehnder modulator modulation factor, LsAnd LrLight wave transmission ratio of signal arm and reference arm, I0Is the light intensity of the laser source, omega0For emitting angular frequency of laser source, JnIs an n-order Bessel function, p (t) is an external disturbance signal on a signal arm, and tau is the transmission time delay between the two arms of the interferometer.
The photocurrent of the interference signal I output from the michelson interferometer after passing through the PD is expressed as:
Figure BDA0001944787050000053
wherein: r is the responsivity of the PD, the signal I is abbreviated as:
I∝A+B cos[M sin(ωFMt+φ0)+p(t)]
where A and B are constant terms and are related to light intensity, phi0For the starting phase offset, M is the carrier signal modulation depth:
M＝βωFMτ
the interference signal I can be expanded into a direct-current term A and an odd function I1And even function I2Superposition of (2):
I＝A+Be(t)cos[p(t)]-Bo(t)sin[p(t)]＝A+I1+I2
I1＝Be(t)cos[p(t)]I2＝-Bo(t)sin[p(t)]
where e (t) is an even function, o (t) is an odd function:
e(t)＝cos[M sin(ωFMt+φ0)]
o(t)＝sin[M sin(ωFMt+φ0)]
assuming that the modulation depth M ═ pi, we find that the functions e (t) and o (t) pass through the variable ωFMt+φ0Has the unique feature that one of e (t) and o (t) will reach its maximum and minimum point as the variable ωFMt+φ0Equal to 0, pi/6, 3 pi/6, 5 pi/6, pi, 7 pi/6, 9 pi/6 and 11 pi/6, respectively. Thus, if we take one data point every π/6rad in a 2 π rad period and synchronize the data sampling to one of the peaks, we can easily obtain the extreme points of e (t) and o (t).
FIG. 2 shows I, I1、I2And a data point is collected every pi/6 rad during a frequency modulation period. From this we can derive: i is1(t)＝I1(t+6)，I2(t)＝-I2(t +6), therefore signal I1Can be measured by adding two data points, e.g., P, every π rad to the signal I6And P0To realize, signal I2Can be measured by subtracting two data points, e.g., P rad, from the signal I by pi rad7And P1And the synchronization of data sampling can be realized by adjusting the phase of the frequency modulation signal output of the radio frequency source and monitoring when the peak value of the sampling interference signal is far away from the maximum point pi/12 rad of the signal I.
Fig. 3 shows a 12-point sampling quadrature demodulation algorithm, and under the condition of data acquisition, the invention provides an external perturbation signal quadrature demodulation method for sampling 12 data points per frequency modulation period, wherein 8 points are taken and subjected to pairing processing to obtain the following formula:
OS＝(P7-P1)+(P11-P5)＝4B sin[p(t)]
ES＝(P0+P6)-(P3+P9)＝4B cos[p(t)]
it can be seen that the difference is to P7-P1And P11-P5Respectively offsetting the influence of the direct current term A in the interference signal I and the sum value to P0+P6And P3+P9The subtraction also cancels out the influence of the dc term a in the interference signal I.
The external disturbance signal can be demodulated by performing arc tangent operation on two paths of orthogonal signals:
Figure BDA0001944787050000061
the embodiments described above are presented to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to the above-described examples can be made, and the generic principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a fiber interferometer sensor disturbing signal demodulating equipment based on single sideband frequency modulation which characterized in that: the system comprises a laser, a frequency modulation source, a modulator, an optical filter, an optical amplifier, an optical isolator, a Michelson interferometer, PZT, a photoelectric detector and a data sampling card; wherein:
the laser is used for emitting continuous narrow linewidth optical signals and inputting the continuous narrow linewidth optical signals to the modulator;
the frequency modulation source is used for generating frequency modulation waves with frequency modulation frequency f and frequency modulation index β and inputting the frequency modulation waves to the modulator;
the modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the frequency modulation wave to a narrow linewidth optical signal to obtain an optical carrier frequency modulation signal C1;
the optical filter is used for performing band-pass sideband filtering on the optical carrier frequency modulation signal C1 and filtering an optical sideband at one side of the optical carrier frequency modulation signal C1 to obtain a single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C2;
the optical amplifier is used for carrying out optical power amplification on the single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C2, and the amplified single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C2 is input into the Michelson interferometer through the optical isolator;
the Michelson interferometer comprises an optical coupler, a signal arm, a reference arm and Faraday rotation mirrors M1 and M2, wherein the optical coupler is used for dividing an optical signal input into the Michelson interferometer into two parts: one path is a reference optical signal, and the reference optical signal is transmitted to a Faraday rotation mirror M1 through a reference arm; the other path is a modulated optical signal which is transmitted to a Faraday rotation mirror M2 through a signal arm; the two paths of optical signals are respectively reflected back to the optical coupler by Faraday rotation mirrors M1 and M2 and interfere to output a single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C3;
the PZT is lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic, and the PZT is embedded into a signal arm of the Michelson interferometer and is used for superposing a disturbance signal on the signal arm;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting a single-sideband frequency modulation carrier signal C3 into an electric signal I and inputting the electric signal I into the data acquisition card;
the data sampling card is used for sampling the electric signal I to obtain a corresponding digital signal D, and further performing 12-point orthogonal demodulation by using an internally integrated digital signal processing unit to obtain the disturbing signal;
the digital signal processing unit comprises an odd module, an even module, a division module and an arc tangent module, the data sampling card utilizes the parity orthogonality of the electric signal I output by the photoelectric detector to select corresponding sampling data points through sampling and input the sampling data points into the odd module and the even module in a matching way respectively, the output results of the odd module and the even module are input into the division module to carry out division operation, and then the result obtained through the operation is input into the arc tangent module, so that the disturbance signal is obtained through demodulation;
the electric signal I output by the photoelectric detector determines a first sampling point P through synchronous operation0At the position of 12 data points (P) of the electrical signal I sampled in each frequency-modulated cycle 1/f0,...,P11) (ii) a The electric signal I is expanded into a direct current term A and an even signal I1And odd signal I2Said even signal I1And odd signal I2The maximum value and the minimum value of the time interval are obtained by taking values of the internal time variable according to 1/12f intervals; even signal I1Wherein the same value corresponds to 1/2f per time interval, in the case of the odd signal I2At a value of 1/2f per time intervalAnd the contrary; even signal I1By adding two sets of data points (P) at a time interval of 1/2f to the electrical signal I0，P6) And (P)3，P9) To obtain P0+P6Sum of (D) and P3+P9The sum of the two signals is subtracted to offset the influence of the direct current term A in the electric signal I; odd signal I2Is determined by subtracting the electrical signal I from two sets of data points (P) at a time interval of 1/2f1，P7) And (P)5，P11) To obtain P7-P1Difference of (D) and P11-P5The influence of the direct current term A in the electric signal I can be counteracted by adding the difference values; even signal I1Peak-to-peak and odd signal I2Are orthogonal to each other.
2. The fiber optic interferometer sensor perturbation signal demodulating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the laser adopts a DFB light source with narrow line width, and the modulator adopts a Mach-Zehnder modulator.
3. The fiber interferometer sensor disturbing signal demodulating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frequency modulation source is an Agilent analog signal source, a frequency modulation module is integrated therein, the frequency modulation frequency is set to f, and the frequency modulation index is set to β.
4. The fiber optic interferometer sensor perturbation signal demodulating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the optical filter adopts a band-pass filter for sideband filtering, and the optical amplifier adopts an EDFA for compensating the optical path loss.
5. The demodulation device for the disturbing signal of the optical fiber interferometer sensor according to claim 1, wherein the Michelson interferometer comprises two optical arms with different lengths, the arm length difference of the two optical arms is related to the frequency modulation frequency f and the frequency modulation index β, and the PZT is tightly wound on a piezoelectric ceramic cylinder by a section of optical fiber to serve as a sensor.
6. The fiber optic interferometer sensor perturbation signal demodulating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the data sampling card adopts a 24-bit NI acquisition card, a digital signal processing unit is integrated in the data sampling card, and the sampling rate is set to be 12 times of the frequency modulation frequency f, namely 12f, so as to meet the 12-point orthogonal demodulation algorithm.
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