CN109424340A - A method of note nitrogen exploits shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil - Google Patents

A method of note nitrogen exploits shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109424340A
CN109424340A CN201710780165.9A CN201710780165A CN109424340A CN 109424340 A CN109424340 A CN 109424340A CN 201710780165 A CN201710780165 A CN 201710780165A CN 109424340 A CN109424340 A CN 109424340A
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China
Prior art keywords
nitrogen
well
pressure
oil
temperature
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CN201710780165.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
汪友平
苏建政
龙秋莲
张汝生
王益维
孟祥龙
高媛萍
郭鹏
高诚
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute
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Priority to CN201710780165.9A priority Critical patent/CN109424340A/en
Publication of CN109424340A publication Critical patent/CN109424340A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/166Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
    • E21B43/168Injecting a gaseous medium
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well

Abstract

The present invention relates to Development of Viscous Crude Oil technical field, a kind of method of note nitrogen exploitation shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil is provided, including drilling well, prepare nitrogen, pressurization, heating, the note processes such as nitrogen viscosity reduction and separation.Nitrogen flooding is applied to shallow-thin layer super heavy oil recovery by the present invention; with environmental protection, efficiently, energy the remarkable advantages such as make full use of; it can guarantee that viscous crude is developed with lower cost simultaneously; temperature, pressure, the real-time control of injection rate are realized on the ground; on the one hand can be to avoid the pollution emission environment of steam boiler the problem of; on the other hand it can solve steam in injection process the problem of energy loss, to achieve the purpose that reduce cost, increase economic efficiency and protect environment.

Description

A method of note nitrogen exploits shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil
Technical field
The present invention relates to Development of Viscous Crude Oil technical fields, specifically, provide a kind of note nitrogen exploitation shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil Method.
Background technique
Viscous crude resource is extremely abundant in the world, is mainly distributed on Canada, the U.S., the former Soviet Union, Venezuela, China and print Buddhist nun, viscous crude resource are about 4000 × 108~6000 × 108m3, account for about the 60% of total petroleum resources.And China's viscous crude resource is main It is distributed in Liaoning, triumph, Henan and Xinjiang, adds up to verify heavy oil reserves to be about 20 × 108t.How cost is reduced, to greatest extent Ground comes out viscous crude, super heavy oil recovery, is the common issue that world oil interface is faced.90% or more China's thickened oil recovery is by steaming Vapour is handled up or steam drives, and recovery ratio can reach 30%.
However, on the one hand needing to reduce viscosity of crude for shallow-thin layer super-heavy oil deposit, increase the mobility of viscous crude, and Since oil reservoir buries shallowly, strata pressure is low, and the driving force that crude oil flows in reservoir is small, so on the other hand also requiring supplementation with ground Layer energy.Meanwhile during shallow-thin layer super-heavy oil deposit steam injection, there is also the high easy fracturing stratum of steam injection pressure, stratum quilts After pressure break, steam causes steam largely to waste along crack channelling, and the onlap that steam generates in oil reservoir migration process is made With, oil reservoir cannot be made integrally to be employed, and in process of production due to edge water incursion cause the oil well period it is aqueous rise compared with Fastly, the problems such as reservoir withdrawal is low.At present for shallow-thin layer super-heavy oil deposit, the technology of comparative maturity mainly has: 1, reducing former Cyclic steam injection tech (Liu Zhijun, Xie Yongxia, extra-viscous oil reservoir steam soak Development Practice and understanding, the inland river section of oil viscosity Skill);2, horizontal wells technology (Liu Fu, Peng Shunlong, the shallow-layer spy, super-heavy oil deposit water of shallow-thin layer viscous crude drainage area are improved Horizontal well production technique, Xinjiang's oil and gas, the 3rd phase of volume 2 in 2006), which can reduce oil well to a certain extent Steam injection pressure improves oil well output;3, reduce to oil viscosity and supplement stratum energy nitrogen auxiliary thermal recovery technology (Wang Qiyao, Wu Zhihua, Bamianhe Oilfield nitrogen injection and steam improve thick oil recovery ratio test, Jiang-Han Area petroleum university for workers and staff members journal, and 2006 years the The phase of volume 19 the 6th);4, a kind of steam and nitrogen composite swallowing-spitting oil extraction disclosed in patent document CN102146782A.
Although these technologies can obtain certain effect, during shallow-thin layer super heavy oil development, steam injection is used Steam boiler energy loss is big, pollution environment, ground installation is complicated, capital investment is big, while steam heat waste in injection process Lose that serious, capacity usage ratio is low, these defects cause above-mentioned technology can not well, generally solve shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil oil The mining problem of hiding.
Therefore, come while realizing there is still a need for a kind of production practice of novel shallow-thin layer super-heavy oil deposit in this field The effect for reducing viscosity of crude, supplementing stratum energy, it is final to realize to the efficient, environmentally friendly of shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil, economic development.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of novel note nitrogen The method for exploiting shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil.
The present invention provides a kind of methods of note nitrogen exploitation shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil, this method comprises:
(1) drilling well: the earth's surface in super-viscous oil distributed areas is drilled into few a bite straight well, and uses insulation cased hole completion;
(2) nitrogen is prepared;
(3) be pressurized: using nitrogen supercharging machine to the nitrogen supercharging, the nitrogen pressure for exporting nitrogen supercharging machine is greater than thick The strata pressure of oily reservoir and be less than thick oil reservoir fracture pressure;
(4) it heats: pressurized nitrogen is passed through nitrogen heater, temperature needed for making the temperature of nitrogen be greater than reducing thick oil viscosity Degree;
(5) it infuses nitrogen viscosity reduction: the real-time of nitrogen injection rate, injection temperature and injection pressure is carried out by ground control system Control, is slowly injected into viscosity reduction in the thick oil reservoir for required nitrogen;
(6) separate: by gained containing after viscosity reduction viscous crude, nitrogen, hydrocarbon gas and water mixture be extracted into ground by straight well Table leads to three phase separation equipment after cooling and separates.
Technical solution bring provided by the invention, which has the beneficial effect that, is applied to shallow-thin layer super heavy oil recovery for nitrogen flooding, With environmental protection, efficiently, energy the remarkable advantages such as make full use of, while can guarantee that viscous crude is developed with lower cost, Temperature, pressure, the real-time control of injection rate are realized on the ground, it on the one hand can be to avoid the pollution emission of steam boiler On the other hand the problem of environment, can solve steam in injection process the problem of energy loss, so that reaching reduces cost, mentions The purpose of high economic benefit and protection environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Exemplary embodiment is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the above and other purposes of the present invention, Feature and advantage will be apparent.
Fig. 1 shows the embodiment of the present invention 1 using the schematic flow diagram of the method for nitrogen flooding.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.It should be understood that described herein specific Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to restrict the invention.
The present invention provides a kind of methods of note nitrogen exploitation shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil, this method comprises:
(1) drilling well: the earth's surface in super-viscous oil distributed areas is drilled into few a bite straight well, and uses insulation cased hole completion;
(2) nitrogen is prepared;
(3) be pressurized: using nitrogen supercharging machine to the nitrogen supercharging, the nitrogen pressure for exporting nitrogen supercharging machine is greater than thick The strata pressure of oily reservoir and be less than thick oil reservoir fracture pressure;
(4) it heats: pressurized nitrogen is passed through nitrogen heater, temperature needed for making the temperature of nitrogen be greater than reducing thick oil viscosity Degree;
(5) it infuses nitrogen viscosity reduction: the real-time of nitrogen injection rate, injection temperature and injection pressure is carried out by ground control system Control, is slowly injected into viscosity reduction in the thick oil reservoir for required nitrogen;
(6) separate: by gained containing after viscosity reduction viscous crude, nitrogen, hydrocarbon gas and water mixture be extracted into ground by straight well Table leads to three phase separation equipment after cooling and separates.
Method of the invention is suitble to exploit shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil, and the heavy crude reservoir of the usual super-viscous oil distributed areas buries Shallow 90~500m, reservoir pressure are 1~5MPa, and the thickness in monolayer of oil reservoir is 1~5m, 0.92~0.98g/ of crude oil density in stock tank cm3, degassed crude viscosity is 50000~85000mPas under reservoir temperature.
Preferably, purity >=95% of the nitrogen, the nitrogen injection rate of individual well are 500~3000Nm3/h。
In step (2), prepares nitrogen and be available locally (using air as raw material), do not need pipeline.In addition, of the invention Method for preparing nitrogen and the corresponding equipment of making nitrogen can be selected according to the dosage of nitrogen, the method for preparing nitrogen is for example selected from Deep Cooling Method, film Partition method or pressure swing adsorption method.
Preferably, in step (2), nitrogen is prepared using membrane separation process.
The method according to the invention, in order to avoid the nitrogen supercharging machine because high temperature breaks down, step (2) is prepared Nitrogen first pass through the nitrogen supercharging machine and be pressurized, then heated again.
In step (3), the nitrogen pressure of the nitrogen supercharging machine outlet is greater than the strata pressure of thick oil reservoir, it is ensured that nitrogen Gas can be inputted smoothly;The nitrogen pressure of the nitrogen supercharging machine outlet is also less than the fracture pressure of thick oil reservoir, in order to avoid press to wear The cap rock up and down of super-heavy oil deposit.Buried depth the thick oil reservoir of 90~500m strata pressure generally in 1~5MPa, fracture pressure Usually 5~10MPa, it is therefore preferred that the outlet pressure of nitrogen is 4~5MPa after the pressurization.Nitrogen after the pressurization Outlet temperature is 90~110 DEG C.
Furthermore, it is contemplated that pressurized nitrogen is heated, the nitrogen supercharging machine after afterbody compression not It needs to cool down.
In step (4), pressurized nitrogen is passed through the nitrogen heater, it is contemplated that along journey heat loss, the heating Temperature be greater than reducing thick oil viscosity needed for temperature, the latter calculates according to indoor viscosity-temperature curve method, generally 200~250 DEG C. It preferably, is 250~300 DEG C by the temperature of the nitrogen after nitrogen heater, pressure is 3.5~4.5MPa.
In step (5), the real-time control of nitrogen injection rate, injection temperature and injection pressure is carried out by ground control system System, required nitrogen is slowly injected into thick oil reservoir.The ground control system refers to ground control cabinet.In this process, institute Injection rate control is stated in 500~3000Nm3/ h, injection temperature control at 250~300 DEG C, control of injection pressure 3.5~ 4.5MPa。
According to the present invention, the drilling well can be the well for boring a bite straight well, or boring two mouthfuls or more.
In one embodiment, in step (1), the earth's surface in super-viscous oil distributed areas bores a bite straight well, and the straight well was both As injection well, it is also used as producing well;In this embodiment, the step (5) further include: bored after nitrogen injection Well 2~7 days.
In another embodiment, step (1), the earth's surface in super-viscous oil distributed areas is drilled into few two mouthfuls of straight wells, respectively As injection well and producing well;In this embodiment, the method also includes:
(7) it recycles: isolated nitrogen being returned after ground continues through pressurization heating and is injected into thick oil reservoir, i.e., Repeat step (3)~(5);
(8) it changes note: after exploitation a period of time, exchanging the heated well and the producing well in implementation process, reach The sufficiently effective exploitation of viscous crude.
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
In following embodiment, the oil-field thick-oil oil reservoir of exploitation buries shallow about 300m, and reservoir pressure is about 3MPa, core intersection Thin, thickness in monolayer is in 1~3m, and viscosity of crude is high, 0.9549~0.9728g/cm of crude oil density in stock tank3, deaerate under reservoir temperature Viscosity of crude is about 70000mPas, belongs to typical shallow-thin layer super-heavy oil deposit.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment uses straight well nitrogen flooding development scheme, and detailed process is as shown in Figure 1.
(1) drilling well: the earth's surface in super-viscous oil distributed areas bores two mouthfuls of straight wells: a bite injection well and a bite producing well, between well Away from about 100m, and use insulation cased hole completion;
(2) nitrogen processed: the purity for designing nitrogen is 95%, and the note nitrogen quantity of individual well is 1000Nm3/h;According to nitrogen use level and now Field execution conditions, using membrane separating method nitrogen, the nitrogen pressure of output system is 0.7MPa, and outlet temperature is 40 DEG C;
(3) it is pressurized: nitrogen obtained being first passed through into supercharger and is pressurized, nitrogen passes through the pressurized outlet pressure of supercharger Power is 5MPa (strata pressure of reservoir is 3MPa, and the fracture pressure of thick oil reservoir is 8MPa), and outlet temperature is 100 DEG C;
(4) it heats: pressurized nitrogen being passed through nitrogen heater, it is contemplated that along journey heat loss, heating temperature offer is big Temperature needed for reducing thick oil viscosity, by the temperature control after heater, at 300 DEG C, (temperature needed for reducing thick oil viscosity is nitrogen 200 DEG C), pressure 4MPa;
(5) nitrogen is infused: the real-time control that nitrogen injection rate is carried out by ground control system, injects temperature and injection pressure Required nitrogen is all slowly injected into thick oil reservoir by system as requested;During entire real-time control, injection rate is 1000Nm3/ h, injection temperature are 300 DEG C, injection pressure 4MPa;
(6) separate: by containing after viscosity reduction viscous crude, nitrogen, hydrocarbon gas and water mixture earth's surface is extracted by producing well, Lead to three phase separation equipment after cooling, oil gas water three phase is separated, isolated You Heshui is collected, will be in gas Nitrogen and hydrocarbon gas carry out secondary separation;
(7) it recycles: the nitrogen (i.e. circulating air) that secondary separation obtains being continued through into pressurization heating and is injected into reservoir;
(8) change note: after exploitation a period of time, heated well and producing well exchange in implementation process.
The viscosity of crude produced is reduced to about 10mPas, oil displacement efficiency 70%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment uses straight well nitrogen soak development scheme.
(1) drilling well: a bite straight well is bored from the earth's surface of super-viscous oil distributed areas, and uses insulation cased hole completion;
(2) nitrogen processed: the purity for designing nitrogen is 95%, and the note nitrogen quantity of individual well is 1500Nm3/h;According to nitrogen use level and now Field execution conditions, using membrane separating method nitrogen, the nitrogen pressure of output system is 0.7MPa, and outlet temperature is 40 DEG C;
(3) it is pressurized: nitrogen obtained being first passed through into supercharger and is pressurized, nitrogen passes through the pressurized outlet pressure of supercharger Power is 5MPa, and outlet temperature is 100 DEG C;
(4) it heats: pressurized nitrogen being passed through nitrogen heater, it is contemplated that along journey heat loss, heating temperature offer is big Temperature needed for reducing thick oil viscosity, nitrogen pass through the temperature control after heater at 300 DEG C, pressure 4MPa;
(5) nitrogen is infused: the real-time control that nitrogen injection rate is carried out by ground control system, injects temperature and injection pressure Required nitrogen is all slowly injected into thick oil reservoir by system as requested;During entire real-time control, injection rate is 1500Nm3/ h, injection temperature are 300 DEG C, injection pressure 4MPa;Then it is boiled in a covered pot over a slow fire after well has infused nitrogen well 5 days;
(6) separate: by containing after viscosity reduction viscous crude, nitrogen, hydrocarbon gas and water mixture earth's surface is extracted by producing well, Nitrogen can be used for injection when next round is handled up after two points of separation.
The viscosity of crude produced is reduced to 20mPas, oil displacement efficiency 65%.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, at this On the basis of the principle of disclosure of the invention, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, be not limited solely to the above-mentioned tool of the present invention Body embodiment, therefore previously described mode is only preferred, and not restrictive meaning.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method of note nitrogen exploitation shallow-thin layer super-viscous oil, this method comprises:
(1) drilling well: the earth's surface in super-viscous oil distributed areas is drilled into few a bite straight well, and uses insulation cased hole completion;
(2) nitrogen is prepared;
(3) be pressurized: using nitrogen supercharging machine to the nitrogen supercharging, the nitrogen pressure for exporting nitrogen supercharging machine is stored up greater than viscous crude Layer strata pressure and be less than thick oil reservoir fracture pressure;
(4) it heats: pressurized nitrogen is passed through nitrogen heater, temperature needed for making the temperature of nitrogen be greater than reducing thick oil viscosity;
(5) nitrogen viscosity reduction is infused: the real-time control that nitrogen injection rate is carried out by ground control system, injects temperature and injection pressure System, is slowly injected into viscosity reduction in the thick oil reservoir for required nitrogen;
(6) separate: by gained containing after viscosity reduction viscous crude, nitrogen, hydrocarbon gas and water mixture earth's surface is extracted by straight well, warp Lead to three phase separation equipment after cooling to separate.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, in step (1), the earth's surface in the super-viscous oil distributed areas is bored flatly Straight well, step (5) further include, after nitrogen injection, bored well 2~7 days.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, in step (1), the earth's surface in super-viscous oil distributed areas is drilled into two mouthfuls few Straight well, respectively as injection well and producing well, this method further include:
(7) it recycles: isolated nitrogen being returned after ground continues through pressurization heating and is injected into thick oil reservoir;
(8) it changes note: after exploitation a period of time, exchanging heated well and producing well in implementation process.
4. method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), prepare nitrogen using membrane separation process Gas.
5. method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, wherein purity >=95% of the nitrogen, the nitrogen of individual well Gas injection rate is 500~3000Nm3/h。
6. method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the outlet of nitrogen after the pressurization Pressure is 4~5MPa, and outlet temperature is 90~110 DEG C.
7. method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), pass through the institute after nitrogen heater The temperature for stating nitrogen is 250~300 DEG C, and pressure is 3.5~4.5MPa.
8. method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the heavy crude reservoir of the super-viscous oil distributed areas buries Shallow 90~500m is hidden, reservoir pressure is 1~5MPa, and the thickness in monolayer of oil reservoir is 1~5m, 0.92~0.98g/ of crude oil density in stock tank cm3, degassed crude viscosity is 50000~85000mPas under reservoir temperature.
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CN111577226A (en) * 2020-06-05 2020-08-25 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Production increasing method and special device for exploiting thick oil by gas-nitrogen mixed injection
CN112983366A (en) * 2021-04-19 2021-06-18 西南石油大学 Method and device for removing water phase trapping damage of tight reservoir in large range
CN113882844A (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-01-04 中国石油大学(北京) Fracturing oil production method for improving recovery ratio

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Application publication date: 20190305