CN109379920B - Method for rapidly breaking barnyard grass seed dormancy and improving germination rate - Google Patents
Method for rapidly breaking barnyard grass seed dormancy and improving germination rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109379920B CN109379920B CN201811110387.0A CN201811110387A CN109379920B CN 109379920 B CN109379920 B CN 109379920B CN 201811110387 A CN201811110387 A CN 201811110387A CN 109379920 B CN109379920 B CN 109379920B
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- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly breaking barnyard grass seed dormancy and improving germination rate, which comprises the following steps: putting the mature barnyard grass spikes into a nylon mesh bag, gently flapping the mature seeds to naturally fall into the mesh bag, drying the obtained barnyard grass seeds in the sun, then storing the seeds in an environment with the temperature of-20-0 ℃ to obtain the barnyard grass seeds broken through dormancy, soaking the seeds in concentrated sulfuric acid, then washing the seeds with clear water to obtain the barnyard grass seeds with thinned glumes, and putting the seeds in an artificial climate chamber for germination. The method is simple and convenient, has strong operability, can quickly break seed dormancy and realize seed germination in a short period, shortens the dormancy time of the barnyard grass seeds, only needs 3-5 days in the germination accelerating process, saves a large amount of time, has high germination rate, can ensure that the barnyard grass seeds germinate neatly and have consistent germination time, is favorable for improving the research efficiency and accuracy, and is suitable for the fields of indoor bioassay of the malignant weeds of the barnyard grass in farmlands, detection of drug resistance of herbicides and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a method for quickly breaking barnyard grass seed dormancy and improving germination rate.
Background
Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.). Beaiv.) is one of ten major malignant weeds in the world, and is also the weed which has the widest distribution in rice production areas in China and the greatest influence on rice yield. The damage area in the paddy field of China is as high as 9.4 multiplied by 105hm2It accounts for 43.5% of the total area of the paddy field in China, and seriously affects the yield and quality of the paddy rice. Particularly, with the rapid development of light cultivation modes, the area of direct-seeded rice is rapidly increased, the occurrence base number of barnyard grass in the direct-seeded rice is more and reaches as high as 1200 plants/m2If the control is not carried out,the harm of barnyard grass will result in no harvest of rice grains. Chemical weeding plays a very important role in rice production due to the unique advantages of high efficiency, rapidness and economy. The popularization and the application of the method greatly liberate the productivity and greatly improve the labor productivity, become an indispensable advanced technology for realizing agricultural mechanization and modernization, and simultaneously are important guarantees for high and stable yield of rice. Therefore, the development of herbicides in paddy fields is mostly primarily aimed at barnyard grass, and since the advent of herbicides, various types of barnyard grass-removing agents with different mechanisms of action have been developed in succession. From the earliest quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicides quinclorac to acetolactate synthase inhibitor penoxsulam to acetyl-coa carboxylase inhibitors metamifop and cyhalofop-butyl. Even a series of HPPD and PPO inhibitors developed at present take barnyard grass as targets. A series of researches such as activity determination, action characteristics, application technology, drug resistance determination and the like on the herbicide cannot be avoided in the research and development process of the herbicide, so that barnyard grass dormancy needs to be broken rapidly to improve the germination rate, and the research efficiency and accuracy are improved.
The barnyard grass is generally obtained in the first year, seeds are placed at room temperature for natural overwintering, and the seeds can germinate after the second year, and the method for breaking dormancy in the natural overwintering takes too long time and has low germination rate. At present, few researches on germination technologies for improving the germination rate of barnyard grass seeds are reported in China, and a method commonly used in the industry is seed soaking, namely, the barnyard grass seeds are soaked in water for 24-48 hours to ensure that the seeds absorb enough water, then the water is drained, gauze or filter paper is used for moisturizing, and the seeds are placed in a culture dish for germination acceleration. This is the most common germination method at present, which is simple and convenient, but also has the following problems: 1. the seed dormancy time is long, and the seed generally can germinate in the next year in winter; 2. the barnyard grass germinates slowly, the germination rate is low, and the germination potential is weak; 3. the germination is irregular, the germination time difference is large, and the results are particularly influenced in the bioassay test of the herbicide.
Therefore, the method which is relatively low in cost, simple to operate and capable of effectively increasing the germination rate of the barnyard grass seeds is provided, and has important significance for measuring the biological activity of the herbicide, genetic analysis of the biological characters related to the barnyard grass, drug resistance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the background technology and provide a method for rapidly breaking dormancy of barnyard grass seeds and improving germination rate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for rapidly breaking dormancy of barnyard grass seeds and improving germination rate comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the mature barnyard grass spikes into a nylon mesh bag, and lightly flapping to enable mature seeds to naturally fall into the mesh bag to obtain barnyard grass seeds; collecting mature barnyard grass seeds as necessary to germinate;
(2) drying the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (1) in the sun, and then storing the seeds in an environment with the temperature of-20-0 ℃ to obtain the barnyard grass seeds broken through dormancy;
(3) soaking the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (2) in concentrated sulfuric acid, and then washing with clear water to obtain the thinned glume-thinned barnyard grass seeds;
(4) and (4) putting the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (3) into an artificial climate chamber for accelerating germination.
The sun-drying is to better preserve the seeds and cannot be exposed to the sun. After the seeds are dried in the sun, the life activity of the seeds is basically stopped under the condition that free water is almost lost, but the protoplasm structure of embryonic cells is not damaged, the cells do not lose activity, and the life activity is quickly recovered after the seeds absorb water. If the seeds are not dried in the sun, the seeds can respire (the strength of respiration is in proportion to the water content in the seeds in a certain range), organic matters stored in the seeds are consumed, and products generated by aerobic respiration react with substances in the environment to mildew, so that the storage life of the seeds is shortened.
In the method, preferably, in the step (2), the drying time is 3-5 days.
Preferably, in the step (2), the barnyard grass seeds are stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20-0 ℃ for 30-40 days.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is greater than or equal to 70%.
Preferably, in the step (3), the soaking time is 10-15 min. The result of repeated tests shows that if the soaking time is less than 10min, the barnyard grass seed coats are not corroded by concentrated sulfuric acid, the air permeability of the seed coats is not enough, and the condition of rapid seed germination cannot be achieved. Only after the seeds are soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid for at least 10min, the air permeability of the seed coats can be improved, the substances for inhibiting transformation can be decomposed, and the dormancy of the seeds is broken, so that the seeds can be transferred to germinate at any time under a proper external condition, and then the seeds are repeatedly washed by clean water to wash away the sulfuric acid on the seeds.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature of the artificial climate chamber is 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is 65-80%. Under the temperature and humidity state, the barnyard grass seeds germinate at the fastest speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method of the invention can rapidly break the dormancy of the seeds and realize the germination of the seeds in a short period, shorten the dormancy time of the barnyard grass seeds, save a large amount of time, have high germination rate, ensure the barnyard grass seeds to germinate neatly and have consistent germination time, and is beneficial to improving the research efficiency and accuracy; the barnyard grass seeds in the prior art generally go through a winter, and the dormancy can be normally broken by the barnyard grass in the next year.
2. The method of the invention only needs 3-5 days for the germination accelerating process, while the prior art needs 7-10 days from seed soaking to germination.
3. The method is simple and convenient, has strong operability, has the germination rate as high as 80-95 percent, can improve the germination rate of the barnyard grass by 30-50 percent compared with the conventional method, and is suitable for the fields of indoor bioassay of malignant weeds of the barnyard grass in farmlands, detection of drug resistance of herbicides and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
The calculation formula of the germination rate is as follows:
the germination rate is the number of seeds that have germinated/(number of seeds that have germinated + number of seeds that have not germinated) × 100%
Example 1:
the method for rapidly breaking dormancy of barnyard grass seeds and improving germination rate comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting mature barnyard grass seeds from the field in 2016, 6 months and 28 days, firstly putting mature barnyard grass spikes into a nylon mesh bag for collecting seeds, slightly beating, dropping the mature seeds into the mesh bag, and drying the seeds in the sun for 3 days after recovery; then putting the barnyard grass seeds in a refrigerator with the temperature of-20 ℃ for preserving for 35 days to obtain the barnyard grass seeds breaking dormancy;
(2) soaking the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (1) in concentrated sulfuric acid (the mass concentration is more than or equal to 70%) for 12min, taking out the seeds, repeatedly washing the seeds with clean water, and cleaning sulfuric acid on the surfaces of the seeds to obtain the thinned barnyard grass seeds;
(3) and (3) putting the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (2) into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 30 ℃ in the day, the temperature is 25 ℃ at night and the humidity is 75%) for accelerating germination, and germinating the barnyard grass after 4 days, wherein the germination rate is as high as 85%.
Example 2:
the method for rapidly breaking dormancy of barnyard grass seeds and improving germination rate comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting mature barnyard grass seeds from the field in 2016, 10 months and 2 days, firstly putting mature barnyard grass spikes into a nylon mesh bag for collecting the seeds, slightly beating the seeds, dropping the mature seeds into the mesh bag, and after the seeds are collected, putting the seeds in the sun for 5 days; then putting the barnyard grass seeds in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for preservation for 30 days to obtain the barnyard grass seeds breaking dormancy;
(2) soaking the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (1) in concentrated sulfuric acid (the mass concentration is more than or equal to 70%) for 15min, taking out the seeds, repeatedly washing the seeds with clean water, and cleaning sulfuric acid on the surfaces of the seeds to obtain the thinned barnyard grass seeds;
(3) and (3) putting the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (2) into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 30 ℃ in the day, the temperature is 25 ℃ at night and the humidity is 70%) for accelerating germination, and germinating the barnyard grass after 4 days, wherein the germination rate is up to 87%.
Example 3:
the method for rapidly breaking dormancy of barnyard grass seeds and improving germination rate comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting mature barnyard grass seeds from the field in 23.6.2017, firstly putting mature barnyard grass spikes into a nylon mesh bag for collecting seeds, slightly beating, dropping the mature seeds into the mesh bag, and drying the seeds in the sun for 3 days after recovery; then putting the barnyard grass seeds in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for preserving for 37 days to obtain the barnyard grass seeds breaking dormancy;
(2) soaking the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (1) in concentrated sulfuric acid (the mass concentration is more than or equal to 70%) for 14min, taking out the seeds, repeatedly washing the seeds with clean water, and cleaning sulfuric acid on the surfaces of the seeds to obtain the thinned barnyard grass seeds;
(3) and (3) putting the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (2) into an artificial climate chamber (the temperature is 30 ℃ in the day, the temperature is 25 ℃ at night and the humidity is 65-80%) for accelerating germination, and germinating the barnyard grass after 4 days, wherein the germination rate is up to 89%.
Comparative example 1:
the existing method for breaking dormancy of barnyard grass seeds comprises the following steps:
the barnyard grass seeds collected in 2016 (6 months and 28 days) in example 1 were stored at room temperature, and in the next year (4 months and 21 days in 2017) the barnyard grass seeds were soaked in water for 30 hours to allow the seeds to absorb enough water, then the water was drained, the seeds were moisturized with gauze or filter paper, placed in a culture dish and put in an artificial incubator (day temperature 28 ℃, night 23 ℃, humidity 70%) for germination acceleration, and the germination percentage of the barnyard grass was 55% after 5 days.
In contrast, after the treatment by the method of the embodiment 1 of the invention, the dormancy of the seeds can be broken only in 38 days, the dormancy time of the barnyard grass seeds can be shortened, a large amount of time is saved, the germination rate of the seeds is as high as 85% only in 4 days, the barnyard grass seeds can germinate neatly, the germination time is consistent, and the research efficiency and accuracy are improved; the barnyard grass seeds in the prior art can normally break dormancy only after going through one winter, and the germination speed is low, and the germination rate is low.
Comparative example 2:
the existing method for breaking dormancy of barnyard grass seeds comprises the following steps:
the barnyard grass seeds collected in 2016 for 10 and 2 days in example 2 were stored at room temperature, and in the next year (3 and 25 months in 2017), the barnyard grass seeds were soaked in water for 28 hours to allow the seeds to absorb enough water, then the water was drained, the seeds were moisturized with gauze or filter paper, placed in a culture dish and put in an artificial incubator (day temperature 28 ℃, night temperature 23 ℃, humidity 70%) for germination acceleration, and the germination percentage of the barnyard grass was 58% after 6 days.
In contrast, after the treatment by the method of the embodiment 2 of the invention, the dormancy of the seeds can be broken only in 35 days, the dormancy time of the barnyard grass seeds can be shortened, a large amount of time is saved, the germination rate of the seeds is up to 87% only in 4 days, the barnyard grass seeds can germinate neatly, the germination time is consistent, and the research efficiency and accuracy are improved; the barnyard grass seeds in the prior art can normally break dormancy only after going through one winter, and the germination speed is low, and the germination rate is low.
Comparative example 3:
the existing method for breaking dormancy of barnyard grass seeds comprises the following steps:
the barnyard grass seeds collected in 2017, 6 and 23 days in example 3 were stored at room temperature, and in the next year (2018, 5 and 11 days in 2018), the barnyard grass seeds were soaked in water for 30 hours to allow the seeds to absorb enough water, then the water was drained, the seeds were moisturized with gauze or filter paper, placed in a culture dish and put in an artificial incubator (day temperature 28 ℃, 23 ℃ at night, humidity 70%) for germination acceleration, and the germination rate of the barnyard grass was 51% after 5 days.
In contrast, after the treatment by the method of the embodiment 2 of the invention, the dormancy of the seeds can be broken only in 40 days, the dormancy time of the barnyard grass seeds can be shortened, a large amount of time is saved, the germination rate of the seeds is up to 89% only in 4 days, the barnyard grass seeds can germinate neatly, the germination time is consistent, and the research efficiency and accuracy are improved; the barnyard grass seeds in the prior art can normally break dormancy only after going through one winter, and the germination speed is low, and the germination rate is low.
Claims (2)
1. A method for rapidly breaking dormancy of barnyard grass seeds and improving germination rate comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the mature barnyard grass spikes into a nylon mesh bag, and lightly flapping to enable mature seeds to naturally fall into the mesh bag to obtain barnyard grass seeds;
(2) placing the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (1) in the sun for drying, and then placing the seeds in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for storage for 37 days to obtain the barnyard grass seeds broken through dormancy;
(3) soaking the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (2) in concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of more than or equal to 70% for 14min, and then washing with clear water to obtain the barnyard grass seeds with thinned glumes;
(4) and (4) putting the barnyard grass seeds obtained in the step (3) into an artificial climate chamber for accelerating germination, wherein the temperature of the artificial climate chamber is 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is 65-80%.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the drying time is 3-5 days.
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