CN109378587B - Miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The miniaturized double-frequency ultra-wideband omnidirectional antenna mainly comprises an asymmetric oscillator, a coaxial cable and an antenna housing, wherein the asymmetric oscillator can be arranged on one side or two sides, the asymmetric oscillator consists of an oscillator upper arm and an oscillator lower arm which are arranged on a medium substrate and are arranged up and down, the oscillator lower arm is H-shaped, the oscillator upper arm is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of rectangular sections with unequal diameters end to end from top to bottom, the rectangular section at the bottom is not contacted with the oscillator lower arm and is embedded into the space at the top of the oscillator lower arm, the coaxial cable feeds the asymmetric oscillator, the antenna housing is arranged on the outer side of the asymmetric oscillator, and the double-frequency ultra-wideband (0.698-0.96 GHz, BW=262 MHz,31.60% and VSWR) of the omnidirectional antenna is realized<2.25；1.427~2.70GHz，BW=1273MHz，61.7%，VSWR<2.28 Higher gain [ ]G=1.4-2.73 dBi), horizontal omni-direction (out-of-roundness<2.67 dB) and high efficiencyη A Not less than 82%) and miniaturization (length and width of 0.352X respectively)λ L 、0.065×λ L ）。
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a wireless communication antenna device and technology, and in particular, to a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna.
Background
The development of mobile communication technology has undergone 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G, and is currently entering the 5G era. As is well known, spectrum is a strategic resource for mobile communications, and industry development has always been around this topic. Due to the scarcity, specialization and expensive nature of spectrum resources, the next generation mobile communication technology always uses all or most of the spectrum of the previous generations while planning a small number of new frequency bands. In addition, the frequency planning has the characteristics of non-continuity, discreteness, regional variability and the like. In this way, numerous frequency chips of the old and new spectrum are spread over multiple ultra-wideband bands. In addition, because the design difficulty of the multi-frequency antenna is far beyond that of the ultra-wideband antenna, the mobile communication antenna forms the current technical development trend and route of miniaturization and ultra-wideband, such as covering the frequency band of 698-960 MHz/1427-2700 MHz, so as to meet all 1G to 4G and part of 5G requirements. In mobile communications, common antenna types are both directional and omni-directional. The former has good directivity, high gain and large coverage, but has large size, high cost and inconvenient installation; the latter has horizontal omni-directional coverage, low gain, yet small size, low cost, and simple installation. In view of the above unique advantages, the oldest antenna, an omni-directional antenna, has been widely used in mobile communication, such as a GSM band small-sized base station antenna. Common omni-directional antennas are divided into two types, vertical (V) polarization and horizontal (H) polarization. The V-polarized omnidirectional antenna is typically a single half-wave dipole or a full-wave dipole, or a coaxial array of multiple dipoles. To realize ultra wideband operation, the vibrator width or diameter should be enlarged or thickened. Further, if two or more ultra-wideband are to be achieved, the transducer width or diameter will be larger and coarser. However, in the field of engineering application, most antennas are strictly limited in size, and excessive size causes problems such as large wind load, poor aesthetic appearance, high cost, inconvenient installation, and the like. Therefore, the omni-directional antenna in practical application is very difficult to realize double-frequency broadband under the condition of limited width or diameter, but has huge engineering significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a miniaturized, double-frequency ultra-wideband, high-gain, omnidirectional and high-efficiency vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna which has high reliability, simple structure, low cost and easy production, and provides a beneficial reference method for designing and improving the miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the adopted technical scheme is as follows: a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna comprising:
the device comprises an asymmetric oscillator, wherein a single asymmetric oscillator is arranged on one surface of a medium substrate, or two pairs of identical asymmetric oscillators are symmetrically arranged on two surfaces of the medium substrate, the asymmetric oscillators on the two surfaces are connected by a metallized via hole array, each asymmetric oscillator consists of an oscillator upper arm and an oscillator lower arm which are arranged on the medium substrate and are arranged up and down, each oscillator lower arm is H-shaped and comprises two support arms which are symmetrically arranged left and right, a horizontal section which is connected with the two support arms at the top and a parasitic branch, the two support arms and the horizontal section enclose a space at the top and a space at the bottom, the parasitic branch which is arranged in the space at the bottom in the axial direction is arranged, each oscillator upper arm is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of unequal-diameter rectangular sections end to end from the top to the bottom, the width of each rectangular section is gradually reduced from the top to the bottom, and each rectangular section at the bottom is not contacted with the oscillator lower arm and is embedded into the space at the top of the oscillator lower arm;
the coaxial cable feeds the asymmetric vibrator, an inner conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to a rectangular section at the bottom of the upper arm of the vibrator, and an outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the center of a horizontal section of the lower arm of the vibrator and is connected to the parasitic branch along the center line of the asymmetric vibrator to extend towards the bottom of the lower arm of the vibrator;
and the antenna housing is arranged outside the asymmetric vibrator.
The omnidirectional antenna further comprises two pairs of loading pieces, the two pairs of loading pieces are respectively loaded and arranged on the oscillator upper arm and the oscillator lower arm of the asymmetric oscillator, each pair of loading pieces comprises two loading pieces which are respectively arranged on the two side edges of the oscillator upper arm or the oscillator lower arm and are arranged according to the same rotation direction, and the central axis of each pair of loading pieces coincides with the central axis of the asymmetric oscillator.
The starting and stopping positions of a pair of loading sheets arranged on the upper arm of the vibrator are positioned at the top end of the upper arm of the vibrator and the middle position of the upper arm of the vibrator, and the starting and stopping positions of a pair of loading sheets arranged on the lower arm of the vibrator are positioned at the horizontal section of the lower arm of the vibrator and the bottom tail end of the lower arm of the vibrator.
The processing material of the loading sheet is a metal good conductor, and the shape of the loading sheet is a cylindrical surface, a straight bending surface, a flat surface or other curved surfaces.
The middle part of the horizontal section protrudes downwards to form a branch knot.
The length of the upper vibrator arm is shorter than that of the lower vibrator arm, and the total length of the upper vibrator arm and the lower vibrator arm is less than 0.5×λ L The oscillator width is (0.055-0.07) ×λ L ，λ L Is the lowest operating wavelength.
The two support arms are formed by connecting a plurality of sections of vibrator segments with unequal diameters end to end, and the width of the vibrator segments is gradually increased from top to bottom.
The dielectric constant epsilon r of the substrate material of the dielectric substrate is 1-20.
The shape of the radome is cylindrical or flat rectangular.
The radome is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, ASA, ABS, UABS, PC or PVC.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the positive progress effect that the following measures are adopted: 1) Designing a broadband asymmetric oscillator, wherein the upper arm and the lower arm are respectively T-shaped and H-shaped; 2) The middle parts of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator are embedded; 3) Loading cylindrical surface slices on the edge of the vibrator arm; 4) The coaxial cable feeds. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the parts, the invention realizes the double-frequency ultra-wide bandwidth (0.698-0.96 GHz, BW=262 MHz,31.60 percent and VSWR) of the omnidirectional antenna<2.25；1.427~2.70GHz，BW=1273MHz，61.7%，VSWR<2.28 Higher gain [ ]G=1.4-2.73 dBi), horizontal omni-direction (out-of-roundness<2.67 dB) and high efficiencyη A Not less than 82%) and miniaturization (length and width of 0.352X respectively)λ L 、0.065×λ L ). Under the condition that the oscillator widths are the same, the bandwidth of the scheme is improved by at least 15% compared with the bandwidth of the cylindrical piece which is not loaded, and the bandwidth of the scheme is widened by more than 50% compared with that of a conventional symmetrical oscillator. Alternatively, the transducer width is reduced by at least 30% when the bandwidths are the same. The successful realization of the novel technical thought is an important breakthrough of the miniaturized ultra-wide ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna technology, further promotes the development of the V-polarized omni-directional antenna technology, and has important theoretical significance and engineering application value.
In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universality, simplicity in implementation, low cost, suitability for mass production and the like, and is a preferable scheme of the V-polarized omnidirectional antenna with miniaturization, double-frequency ultra-wideband, high gain, high efficiency and low cost. Moreover, the design and improvement of the miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain V-polarized omnidirectional antenna, the miniaturized multi-frequency high-gain V-polarized omnidirectional antenna and the miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain H/V dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna are applicable and effective.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of rectangular coordinate system definition used by an antenna model.
Fig. 2 is a front view of an asymmetric dipole model.
Fig. 3 is a side view of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna model.
Fig. 4a is a top view of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna model with a circular radome.
Fig. 4b is a top view of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna model with a flat radome.
Fig. 5a is a top view of a pair of loading tabs in the form of a straight curved surface miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna model.
Fig. 5b is a top view of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna model with a pair of loading tabs in the shape of a flat surface.
Fig. 5c is a top view of a pair of loading tabs with other curved shapes of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna model.
Fig. 6 is a right side view of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna model.
Fig. 7 is a front view of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna model.
Fig. 8 is an input impedance of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaZ in Is a frequency characteristic of (2).
Fig. 9 is a standing wave ratio VSWR plot for a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 10 shows the reflection coefficient of the miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaS 11 Graph I.
Fig. 11 shows a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 1 Gain pattern of =698 MHz.
Fig. 12 shows a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 2 Gain pattern of 960 MHz.
FIG. 13 is a miniaturized dual-band super-bandBroadband omnidirectional antennaf 3 Gain pattern of 1427 MHz.
Fig. 14 shows a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 4 Gain pattern of 1710 MHz.
Fig. 15 is a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 5 Gain pattern of 2200 MHz.
Fig. 16 is a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 6 Gain pattern of 2500 MHz.
Fig. 17 is a diagram of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 7 Gain pattern=2700 MHz.
Fig. 18 is a gain of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaGWith frequencyfChanging characteristics.
Fig. 19 is an illustration of H-plane out-of-roundness versus frequency for a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennafA change curve.
Fig. 20 is an E-plane (vertical plane) half-power beamwidth HBPW of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna with frequencyfChanging characteristics.
Fig. 21 is an efficiency of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaη A With frequencyfA change curve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to explain the technical solutions of the present invention in detail. Here, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be particularly noted that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only and are not intended to limit or define the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a miniaturized, double-frequency ultra-wideband, high-gain, omnidirectional and high-efficiency vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna which is high in reliability, simple in structure, low in cost and easy to produce, and provides a beneficial reference method for the design and improvement of the miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
As shown in fig. 3, the miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna mainly includes an asymmetrical dipole 10, a coaxial cable 500 and a radome 600.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the asymmetrical oscillators 10 may be arranged on one side or two sides, that is, a single asymmetrical oscillator 10 is arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate 300, or two identical asymmetrical oscillators 10 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the dielectric substrate 300, the asymmetrical oscillators 10 on two sides are connected by metallized via hole arrays 108 and 208, the metallized via holes are distributed on each part of the oscillator arm, the apertures of the upper and lower metallized via hole arrays are the same, and the asymmetrical oscillators 10 arranged on two sides can be used for supporting and trapping additional added loading sheets, so that the bandwidths, gains and efficiencies of one side and two sides are not obviously different.
The asymmetrical oscillator 10 is composed of an oscillator upper arm 100 and an oscillator lower arm 200 which are arranged on a dielectric substrate 300 and arranged up and down, the oscillator upper arm and the oscillator lower arm are asymmetrical, the lengths and the shapes of the oscillator upper arm and the oscillator lower arm are different, the widths of the oscillator upper arm and the oscillator lower arm can be consistent, and the edge of the dielectric substrate is the edge of the asymmetrical oscillator.
The vibrator lower arm 200 is in an H shape and comprises two support arms 207 which are symmetrically arranged left and right, a horizontal section 204 which is connected with the two support arms 207 at the top and a parasitic branch 206, wherein the two support arms 207 and the horizontal section 204 enclose a top space and a bottom space, the parasitic branch 206 which is arranged along the axial direction is arranged in the bottom space, and the support arms 207 can be designed into a multi-section structure; the two support arms 207 are formed by connecting a plurality of sections of vibrator sections 207-1 with unequal diameters end to end, the vibrator sections 207-1 are rectangular sections, and the width of the vibrator sections 207-1 gradually increases from top to bottom. For example, as shown in fig. 2, the support arm is respectively a top extension section 201, a middle strip section 202 and a bottom wide section 205 from top to bottom, and a horizontal section 204 is connected to the junction of the top extension section 201 and the middle strip section 202.
The upper vibrator arm 100 is of a T-shaped structure, the upper vibrator arm 100 is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of rectangular sections 109 with unequal diameters end to end from top to bottom, the width of each rectangular section 109 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, at least one outer connecting branch 103 is respectively connected to the left side and the right side of each rectangular section 109 positioned in the middle, the outer connecting branch 103 can be of a T-shaped shape, as shown in fig. 2, the outer connecting branch 103 is connected to the middle of the upper vibrator arm 100 through a section of vertical branch 104 by a section of horizontal branch 105, the position of the outer connecting branch 103 is positioned between the top rectangular section of the upper vibrator arm 100 and the lower vibrator arm 200, other shapes can be adopted besides the vertical branch 104, the side edge position of the vertical branch 104 is consistent with the edge of the upper vibrator arm and the lower vibrator arm, and the rectangular section 109 positioned in the bottom is not contacted with the lower vibrator arm 200 and is embedded into the space of the top of the lower vibrator arm 200; for example, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the upper arm 100 of the T-shaped vibrator is formed by connecting a top wide rectangle 101, a middle wide rectangle 102 and a bottom narrow rectangle 106 end to end. Wherein, a pair of short vertical branches 104 parallel to the middle wide rectangle 102 are arranged on two sides of the middle wide rectangle 102, and are connected with the middle wide rectangle 102 through horizontal branches 105, a bottom narrow rectangle 106 extends between the top support arms of the vibrator lower arm 200 and ends at the upper part of the horizontal connecting section near the upper part of the lower arm, and a gap is arranged between the middle embedded parts of the upper arm and the lower arm.
The asymmetrical element 10 is fed with a 50 q coaxial cable connected to the feeding point of the asymmetrical element, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable 500 being connected to the rectangular section 109 at the bottom of the element upper arm 100, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 500 being connected to the centre of the horizontal section 204 of the element lower arm 200 and extending along the centre line of the asymmetrical element 10 towards the bottom of the element lower arm 200 at the parasitic stub 206.
The radome 600 is provided outside the asymmetrical dipole 10, and is provided according to the shape of the asymmetrical dipole 10, and when the loading piece is not loaded, the inner wall of the radome is fitted as closely as possible to the surface of the non-corresponding PCB dipole 10, for example, in a prolate shape, in order to reduce the size of the antenna. When loading the loading tabs, the inner arms of the radome are designed according to the inclined shape of the loading tabs, for example, the shape of the radome 600 is cylindrical or flat rectangular. The radome 600 is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, ASA, ABS, UABS, PC or PVC.
For expanding the covered frequency band, the omni-directional antenna can be provided with two pairs of loading plates 401 and 402, the two pairs of loading plates 401 and 402 are respectively loaded and arranged on the oscillator upper arm 100 and the oscillator lower arm 200 of the asymmetric oscillator 10, each pair of loading plates 401 and 402 comprises two loading plates respectively arranged on two side edges of the oscillator upper arm 100 or the oscillator lower arm 200 and arranged according to the same rotation direction, and the central axes of each pair of loading plates 401 and 402 are coincident with the central axis of the asymmetric oscillator 10.
The start and stop positions of the pair of loading pieces 401 provided on the vibrator upper arm 100 are at the top end of the vibrator upper arm 100 and at the middle position of the vibrator upper arm 100, the middle position should be cut off to the position of the outer connecting branch 103, the outer connecting branch 103 cannot be shielded, and the start and stop positions of the pair of loading pieces 401 provided on the vibrator lower arm 200 are at the horizontal section 204 of the vibrator lower arm 200 and the bottom end of the vibrator lower arm 200. The two pairs of loading tabs 401, 402 of this arrangement perform optimally.
The processing materials of the two pairs of loading plates 401 and 402 are metal good conductors, and the shapes of the loading plates 401 and 402 are cylindrical surfaces, straight bending surfaces, flat surfaces or other curved surfaces. The shape of the loading sheet shown in fig. 4a and 4b is a cylindrical surface, the shape of the loading sheet shown in fig. 5a is a straight bending surface, the shape of the loading sheet shown in fig. 5b is a straight surface, the shape of the loading sheet shown in fig. 5c is other curved surfaces, namely other curved surface structures of a non-right circular cylindrical surface, the radian or length of the loading sheets in the same pair can be unequal, the radian or length of the two pairs of loading sheets can be unequal, taking the loading sheet with the shape of the cylindrical surface as an example, a pair of cylindrical surface sheets are respectively loaded on the edges of the upper arm and the lower arm of the asymmetric vibrator along the direction of the vibrator, the rotation directions of the cylindrical sheets are the same, the axes of the cylindrical sheets are coincident with the center line of the vibrator, the radius is half of the width of the medium plate, and the center angleθ=0~180 degrees, 0 degrees is the condition that the loading sheet is not loaded; one side edge of the cylindrical sheet is close to the edge of the vibrator, and the other side edge is far away from the medium substrate; the starting and stopping positions of the cylindrical surface thin sheet on the vibrator upper arm are wide rectangles at the top of the vibrator upper arm, and the starting and stopping positions of the cylindrical surface thin sheet on the vibrator lower arm are near the top and bottom wide section tail ends of the middle long section of the vibrator lower arm; the inner sides of the two pairs of cylindrical surface sheets penetrate through the dielectric substrate and are welded with the vibrator arms on the front and back sides or one of the front and back sides of the dielectric substrate.
The middle part of the horizontal section 204 protrudes downwards with a branch 203, and the protruding branch 203 extends downwards from the middle part of the horizontal section 204 to form a rectangular section as shown in the figure.
The length of the vibrator upper arm 100 is shorter than that of the vibrator lower armThe length of the arm 200, the total length of the vibrator upper arm 100 and the vibrator lower arm is less than 0.5×λ L The oscillator width is (0.055-0.07) ×λ L ，λ L Is the lowest operating wavelength. The horizontal section is located at 1/7-1/5 of the lower arm of vibrator from the top, and the optimal length of the upper arm 100 of vibrator is 0.12-0.16λ L The optimal length of the vibrator lower arm 200 is 0.18-0.24λ L 。
The dielectric constant er=1 to 20 of the substrate material of the dielectric substrate 300 is various common dielectric plates including air, such as FR4 and F4B. When the material of the dielectric substrate is air, the asymmetric vibrator is directly arranged in the antenna housing.
Taking a double-sided asymmetric oscillator as an example, the design method of the miniaturized double-frequency ultra-wideband omnidirectional antenna comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, see fig. 1;
and step two, constructing an asymmetric vibrator. In the XOY plane, an asymmetric vibrator is constructed along the Y axis direction, the vibrator upper arm 100 and the lower arm 200 are respectively approximate to a T-shape and an H-shape, and the T-shaped vibrator upper arm 100 is formed by connecting a top wide rectangle 101, a middle wide rectangle 102 and a bottom narrow rectangle 106 end to form a T-shape. Wherein, two sides of the middle rectangle 102 are provided with vertical branches 104 which are connected with the middle rectangle 102 through horizontal branches 105, and two T-shaped vibrator upper arms 100 are symmetrically distributed on the front and back sides of the medium substrate 300 and are connected through a metallized via hole array 108; the lower H-shaped vibrator arm 200 is composed of a top extending section 201, a middle strip section 202, a bottom wide section 205, and parasitic branches 206, wherein the left and right parts are connected at the top through a horizontal section 204 to form an H shape, the middle part of the horizontal section 204 is provided with downwardly protruding branches 203, the lower H-shaped vibrator arm is symmetrically distributed on the front and back sides of the dielectric substrate 300 and connected through a metallized via hole array 208, as shown in fig. 2;
and thirdly, loading a loading cylindrical sheet on the edge of the edge vibrator. A pair of cylindrical thin plates 401, 402 are symmetrically loaded on the two side edges of the upper and lower arms of the asymmetric vibrator in the second step, the length of the thin plates is along the direction of the vibrator, the inner side edge of the thin plates is close to the edge of the vibrator, and the outer side edge of the thin plates is close to the edge of the vibratorAway from the dielectric substrate; the central axis of the cylindrical sheet coincides with the central axis of the dielectric substrate 300, and its radiusRAbout half the width of the substrate; the starting and stopping positions of the cylindrical sheet 401 are in the top wide rectangle 101 of the upper arm of the vibrator, and the starting and stopping positions of the cylindrical sheet 402 are near the ends of the top and bottom wide sections 205 of the middle slender section 202 of the lower arm of the vibrator; the rotation directions of the two thin sheets in the upper and lower pairs of cylindrical sheets are clockwise or anticlockwise, and the central angles of the two pairs of thin sheetsθ=0~180 °; the sides of the upper and lower sheets 401 and 402 pass through the dielectric substrate and are welded with the vibrator arms on the front and back sides or any one of the front and back sides, as shown in fig. 3-7;
and step four, feeding the coaxial cable. With a standard 50 q coaxial cable 500 connected to the feed point 107 of the asymmetrical dipole, the inner conductor 501 of which is connected to the bottom of the bottom narrow rectangle 106 of the upper arm 100 of the dipole and the outer conductor 502 of which is connected to the center of the top horizontal section 204 of the lower arm 200 of the dipole, the cable extends along the center line of the dipole towards the bottom end 205 of the dipole, as shown in fig. 2 and 7;
step five, setting an antenna housing. And (3) loading a cylindrical or flat radome 600 outside the cylindrical patch loading the asymmetrical dipole in the fourth step to protect the antenna body, as shown in fig. 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b and 5 c.
Fig. 8 is an input impedance of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaZ in Is a frequency characteristic of (2). Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is the impedanceZ in In omega, the solid line represents the real partR in The dotted line represents the imaginary partX in . As shown in the figure, in the frequency band of 0.698-0.96 GHz/1.71-2.70, the real part and the imaginary part change ranges are respectively: the impedance characteristics of the dual-band ultra-wideband are obvious from +25 to +100 omega, -25 to +3 omega and +32 to +53 omega, -21 to +25 omega.
Fig. 9 is a standing wave ratio VSWR plot for a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR. As shown in the figure, the antenna is in the GSM frequency band (0.698-0.96 ghz, bw=262 mhz, 31.60%) and the LTE frequency band (1.427-2.70 ghz, bw=1273 mhz, 6)1.7%), all realize good impedance matching, standing wave ratio VSWR is less than 2.25 and 2.28 respectively, minimum reaches 1.05, relative bandwidth is 31.60%, 61.7% respectively, has realized the ultra wide band work of double frequency.
Fig. 10 shows the reflection coefficient of the miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaS 11 Graph I. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) isS 11 Amplitude of |S 11 I, in dB. As shown in the figure, the antenna realizes good impedance matching in the GSM frequency band (0.698-0.96 GHz, BW=262 MHz, 31.60%) and the LTE frequency band (1.427-2.70 GHz, BW=1273 MHz, 61.7%), and the reflection coefficient is |S 11 The I is respectively smaller than-8.2 dB and-9.8 dB, the lowest possible value is-34 dB, the relative bandwidths are respectively 31.60% and 61.7%, and the dual-frequency ultra-wideband operation is realized.
Fig. 11 shows a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 1 Gain pattern of =698 MHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H plane (horizontal plane), the dotted line represents the E plane (vertical plane), the out-of-roundness is less than 0.08dB, the horizontal uniformity is ideal, the E plane beam is wider, the HPBW=75.5 DEG, the gain is improvedG=1.71 dBi, about 0.4dB lower than the conventional half-wave vibrator.
Fig. 12 shows a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 2 Gain pattern of 960 MHz. Wherein, the solid line represents the H plane (horizontal plane), the dotted line represents the E plane (vertical plane), the out-of-roundness is less than 0.17dB, the horizontal uniformity is ideal, the H plane beam is wider, the HPBW=98.7 DEG, the gain is improvedG=1.50 dBi, about 0.6dB lower than the conventional half-wave vibrator.
Fig. 13 shows a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 3 Gain pattern of 1427 MHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H plane (horizontal plane), the dotted line represents the E plane (vertical plane), the out-of-roundness is less than 0.41dB, the horizontal uniformity is ideal, the H plane beam is wider, HPBW=69.5 DEG, and the gain is highG=2.12 dBi, comparable to the conventional half-wave oscillator gain.
Fig. 14 shows a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 4 Gain pattern of 1710 MHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H plane (horizontal plane),the dashed line shows the E-plane (vertical plane), out-of-roundness less than 0.53dB, ideal horizontal uniformity, wider H-plane beam, HPBW=61.25, gainG=2.21 dBi, comparable to the conventional half-wave oscillator gain.
Fig. 15 is a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 5 Gain pattern of 2200 MHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H plane (horizontal plane), the dotted line represents the E plane (vertical plane), the out-of-roundness is less than 0.96dB, the horizontal uniformity is ideal, the H plane beam is wider, the HPBW=86.0 DEG, the gain is improvedG=1.85 dBi, about 0.3dB lower than the conventional half-wave vibrator gain.
Fig. 16 is a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 6 Gain pattern of 2500 MHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H plane (horizontal plane), the dotted line represents the E plane (vertical plane), the out-of-roundness is less than 1.65dB, the horizontal uniformity is ideal, the H plane beam is wider, the HPBW=48.35 DEG, the gain is improvedG=2.17 dBi, comparable to the conventional half-wave oscillator gain.
Fig. 17 is a diagram of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaf 7 Gain pattern=2700 MHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H plane (horizontal plane), the dotted line represents the E plane (vertical plane), the out-of-roundness is less than 2.67dB, the horizontal uniformity is ideal, the H plane beam is wider, HPBW=38.0 DEG, and the gain is equal to the gainG=2.73 dBi, about 0.5dBi higher than the conventional half-wave vibrator.
Fig. 18 is a gain of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaGWith frequencyfChanging characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is gainGThe unit is dBi. From the graph, low frequency and high frequency gainsGThe method comprises the following steps of: 1.4-1.7 dBi and 1.7-2.73 dBi, which are close to the gain of the half-wave vibrator.
Fig. 19 is an illustration of H-plane out-of-roundness versus frequency for a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennafA change curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is out of roundness in degrees dB. As shown in the figure, in the low frequency band and the high frequency band, the out-of-roundness (omnidirectionality or uniformity) of the horizontal plane (H plane) directional diagram is 0.08-0.40 dB, 0.41-2.67 dBi respectively, the low frequency level uniform radiation characteristic is ideal, and the high frequency band is slightly worse.
Fig. 20 is an E-plane (vertical plane) half-power beamwidth HBPW of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna with frequencyfChanging characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the beam width in degrees (deg). As shown in the figure, the E-plane half-power bandwidths of the low frequency and the high frequency are respectively: hpbw=75.5 o ~98.7 o And 38.0 o ~92.0 o The E-plane wave width of the low frequency band is wider, and the E-plane wave width in the high frequency band fluctuates more along with the increase of the frequency.
Fig. 21 is an efficiency of a miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antennaη A With frequencyfA change curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is efficiency. As can be seen, antenna efficiency is achieved in both the low and high frequency bandsη A Not less than 82% and up to 99%.
Claims (10)
1. Miniaturized dual-frenquency ultra wide band omnidirectional antenna, its characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the device comprises an asymmetric vibrator (10), wherein a single asymmetric vibrator (10) is arranged on one surface of a medium substrate (300), or two identical asymmetric vibrators (10) are symmetrically arranged on two surfaces of the medium substrate (300), the asymmetric vibrators (10) on the two surfaces are connected by metallized via hole arrays (108 and 208), the asymmetric vibrator (10) is composed of a vibrator upper arm (100) and a vibrator lower arm (200) which are arranged on the medium substrate (300) and are arranged up and down, the vibrator lower arm (200) is H-shaped, the device comprises two support arms (207) which are symmetrically arranged left and right, a horizontal section (204) which is connected with the two support arms (207) at the top, and a parasitic branch (206), the two support arms (207) and the horizontal section (204) are enclosed into a top space and a bottom space, the parasitic branch (206) which is arranged in the bottom space is provided with an axis direction, the vibrator upper arm (100) is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of rectangular sections (109) with different diameters end to end, the width of the rectangular sections (109) is gradually reduced from the top to the bottom, and the rectangular sections (109) are respectively embedded into the top sections (200) which are arranged outside the rectangular sections (109);
a coaxial cable (500) feeding the asymmetrical dipole (10), the inner conductor of the coaxial cable (500) being connected to the rectangular section (109) of the bottom of the dipole upper arm (100), the outer conductor of the coaxial cable (500) being connected to the center of the horizontal section (204) of the dipole lower arm (200) and extending along the center line of the asymmetrical dipole (10) at the parasitic branch (206) towards the bottom of the dipole lower arm (200);
and a radome (600) which is arranged outside the asymmetric vibrator (10).
2. A miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the omnidirectional antenna further comprises two pairs of loading plates (401, 402), the two pairs of loading plates (401, 402) are respectively loaded on the oscillator upper arm (100) and the oscillator lower arm (200) of the asymmetric oscillator (10), each pair of loading plates (401, 402) comprises two loading plates which are respectively arranged on two side edges of the oscillator upper arm (100) or the oscillator lower arm (200) and are arranged according to the same rotation direction, and the central axes of each pair of loading plates (401, 402) are coincident with the central line of the asymmetric oscillator (10).
3. A miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the start and stop positions of a pair of loading pieces (401) arranged on the oscillator upper arm (100) are positioned at the top end of the oscillator upper arm (100) and the middle position of the oscillator upper arm (100), and the start and stop positions of a pair of loading pieces (401) arranged on the oscillator lower arm (200) are positioned at the horizontal section (204) of the oscillator lower arm (200) and the bottom tail end of the oscillator lower arm (200).
4. A miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the processing materials of the two pairs of loading sheets (401, 402) are metal good conductors, and the shapes of the loading sheets (401, 402) are cylindrical surfaces, straight bending surfaces, flat surfaces or other curved surfaces.
5. A miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the middle part of the horizontal section (204) protrudes downwards to form a branch (203).
6. A miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the length of the upper vibrator arm (100) is shorter than that of the lower vibrator arm (200), and the total length of the upper vibrator arm (100) and the lower vibrator arm is less than 0.5×λ L The oscillator width is (0.055-0.07) ×λ L ，λ L Is the lowest operating wavelength.
7. A miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two support arms (207) are formed by connecting a plurality of sections of vibrator segments (207-1) with unequal diameters end to end, and the width of the vibrator segments (207-1) is gradually increased from top to bottom.
8. A miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dielectric constant epsilon r of the substrate material of the dielectric substrate (300) is 1-20.
9. A miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antenna housing (600) has a cylindrical or flat rectangular shape.
10. A miniaturized dual-band ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radome (600) is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, ASA, ABS, UABS, PC or PVC.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6337667B1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-01-08 | Rangestar Wireless, Inc. | Multiband, single feed antenna |
| WO2012154140A1 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-15 | Temel Engin Tuncer | Nonsymmetric wideband dipole antenna |
| KR101643651B1 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2016-07-28 | 동서대학교산학협력단 | Broadband Asymmetric Planar Dipole Antenna with a t-shaped Slit for Digital TV Reception |
| CN208986191U (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-06-14 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Compact dual-frequency ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6337667B1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-01-08 | Rangestar Wireless, Inc. | Multiband, single feed antenna |
| WO2012154140A1 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-15 | Temel Engin Tuncer | Nonsymmetric wideband dipole antenna |
| KR101643651B1 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2016-07-28 | 동서대학교산학협력단 | Broadband Asymmetric Planar Dipole Antenna with a t-shaped Slit for Digital TV Reception |
| CN208986191U (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-06-14 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Compact dual-frequency ultra-wideband omni-directional antenna |
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