CN109347553B - Method and device for measuring attenuation value of optical fiber - Google Patents
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for measuring an optical fiber attenuation value, relates to the technical field of quantum communication, and is used for monitoring the attenuation value of an optical fiber on line in real time. The method and the device comprise the following steps: acquiring a first code rate and a second code rate, wherein the first code rate is a photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end transmits an optical signal through the optical fiber; the second code rate is the photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end stops transmitting the optical signal, and the first code rate is greater than the second code rate; acquiring the frequency of an optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end and acquiring the loss parameter of the receiving end; and calculating the attenuation value of the optical fiber according to the first code rate, the second code rate, the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end and the loss parameter of the receiving end. The embodiment of the application is applied to the realization of online measurement of the attenuation value of the optical fiber in the quantum communication network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum communication, in particular to a method and a device for measuring an optical fiber attenuation value.
Background
Quantum secure communication is a new secure communication technology with strictly proven security, and has a wide application scene in various fields such as finance, government affairs, electric power, energy and the like. The Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology is a quantum secret communication technology that is developed more mature, applied most widely and has the highest level of industrialization at present.
Due to the special requirement of quantum communication on security, optical attenuation of optical fibers used in a quantum communication network needs to be detected, so that the service performance of quantum communication is prevented from being influenced due to line degradation. In the prior art, quantum communication needs to use two optical fibers to transmit quantum signals respectively. When extra special optical fiber used for measuring quantum signals is attenuated, service needs to be interrupted, and offline measurement is performed through an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) which is manually operated, so that operation and maintenance are troublesome, and long-term monitoring cannot be performed; and the quantum communication equipment needs to be removed during measurement, and the joint attenuation is influenced due to frequent plugging and unplugging for many times, so that the optical device of the quantum communication equipment is greatly influenced, and the system performance is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for measuring an optical fiber attenuation value, which are used for effectively monitoring the attenuation value of an optical fiber on line for a long time and reducing the influence on the performance of a quantum communication system during measurement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, a method for measuring an optical fiber attenuation value is provided, and is applied to a quantum communication system, where the communication system includes a transmitting end and a receiving end, and the transmitting end and the receiving end are connected by an optical fiber, and the method includes:
acquiring a first code rate and a second code rate, wherein the first code rate is a photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end transmits an optical signal through the optical fiber; the second code rate is the photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end stops transmitting the optical signal, and the first code rate is greater than the second code rate;
acquiring the frequency of an optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end and acquiring the loss parameter of the receiving end;
and calculating the attenuation value of the optical fiber according to the first code rate, the second code rate, the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end and the loss parameter of the receiving end.
In a second aspect, an apparatus for measuring an optical fiber attenuation value is provided, and is applied to a quantum communication system, where the communication system includes a transmitting end and a receiving end, and the transmitting end and the receiving end are connected by an optical fiber, and the apparatus includes:
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a first code rate and a second code rate, where the first code rate is a photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end transmits an optical signal through the optical fiber; the second code rate is the photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end stops transmitting the optical signal, and the first code rate is greater than the second code rate;
the acquiring unit is further configured to acquire a frequency of an optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end, and acquire a loss parameter of the receiving end;
and the calculating unit is used for calculating the attenuation value of the optical fiber according to the first code rate, the second code rate, the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end and the loss parameter of the receiving end.
In a third aspect, there is provided a computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of measuring optical fiber attenuation values according to the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, a computer program product is provided comprising instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of measuring optical fiber attenuation values according to the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus for measuring an attenuation value of an optical fiber, comprising: a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used for storing programs, and the processor calls the programs stored in the memory to execute the method for measuring the optical fiber attenuation value according to the first aspect.
According to the method and the device for measuring the optical fiber attenuation value, the attenuation value of the optical fiber is calculated according to the first code rate of the optical signal sent by the sending end of the communication system, the second code rate of the optical signal sent by the sending end, the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end and the loss parameter of the receiving end of the quantum communication system, the attenuation value of the optical fiber can be effectively monitored on line, an operator does not need to use an instrument for multiple measurements, and therefore the quantum communication equipment is prevented from being frequently disassembled, and the performance of the communication system cannot be influenced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a first flowchart illustrating a method for measuring an attenuation value of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a second flowchart illustrating a method for measuring an optical fiber attenuation value according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a first schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring attenuation values of optical fibers according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second apparatus for measuring an attenuation value of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a third schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring an attenuation value of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum communication system applied in this embodiment, where the quantum communication system includes a transmitting end 100 and a receiving end 200, where the transmitting end 100 and the receiving end 200 are connected by an optical fiber 300, and the transmitting end 100 is configured to transmit an optical signal, where when the quantum communication system is in a working mode, photons in the optical signal need to be encoded by polarization or phase; when the quantum communication system is in a non-service mode, photons in the optical signal do not need to be subjected to polarization or phase coding, so that the cost such as power consumption can be further saved. The receiving end 200 is configured to receive an optical signal, and the receiving end 200 may further include a plurality of detectors, configured to detect the optical signal, that is, after the transmitting end 200 transmits the optical signal, the receiving end 200 detects the photon number of the optical signal through the detectors.
It should be noted that the technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application may be applied to various communication systems, for example, a quantum communication system, an NR communication system that adopts a fifth generation (5G) communication technology, and the like. When applied to quantum communication systems, it is particularly applicable to end-to-end based quantum communication. It is known that quantum communication will inevitably develop into quantum communication network in the future, i.e. the optical signal received by the receiving end may come from different routes and optical fibers. In view of the fact that quantum relay cannot be realized in a short period of time, quantum communication relay for a longer period of time in the future is also based on trusted relay, i.e. each node re-emits a quantum optical signal. Therefore, the photons received by the receiving end 300 are from the last node. The fiber attenuation value calculated by the measurement method and device provided by the embodiment of the application is the fiber attenuation from the receiving end 300 to the previous node, not the total attenuation from end to end.
In the case of different routes, each node in the network performs measurement according to the method and apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application, and a routing table may be further provided to record which optical fiber the quantum optical signal comes from and the attenuation value last calculated by this optical fiber. The attenuation change condition of the optical fiber of the whole quantum communication network can be monitored by calculating the attenuation value of each optical fiber each time, updating the attenuation of the corresponding optical fiber in the routing table and monitoring.
Examples 1,
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a method for measuring an optical fiber attenuation value according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the method may be applied to a quantum communication system as described in fig. 1, and the quantum communication system may include a transmitting end 100 and a receiving end 200, where the transmitting end 100 and the receiving end 200 are connected by an optical fiber 300, and the method may include S101 to S103:
s101, obtaining a first code rate and a second code rate.
The first code rate is a photon counting rate received by the receiving end 200 when the transmitting end 100 transmits an optical signal through the optical fiber 300; the second code rate is a photon counting rate received by the receiving end 200 when the transmitting end 100 stops transmitting the optical signal, and the first code rate is greater than the second code rate.
Specifically, when the photonic communication system operates, the optical signal transmitted through the optical fiber includes an effective signal carrying information and also includes an interference signal generated by external interference. When the transmitting end 100 transmits an optical signal through the optical fiber 300, the photon counting rate received by the receiving end 200, that is, the initial code rate of the quantum communication system, can be calculated by detecting the number of photons received by the receiving end 200; when the transmitting end 100 stops transmitting the optical signal, the receiving end 200 may also receive a certain photon due to the existence of the interference signal, and thus may calculate the photon counting rate of the receiving end 200, that is, the second code rate.
S102, acquiring a frequency of the optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end 100, and acquiring a loss parameter of the receiving end 200.
The frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end 100 of the quantum communication system is a known parameter and can be directly obtained through equipment, and the loss of the receiving end 200 can include the internal optical path loss of the receiving end 200 and the detector efficiency. One way to obtain the loss parameter of the receiving end 200 may be directly obtaining the loss parameter through the device parameter. Another way of obtaining this may be to perform a calibration by measurement, which may be: measuring attenuation values of the optical fiber through OTDR; and calibrating according to the formula I.
Wherein, the first formula may be:
Qμis the probability, B ', that the receiver 200 detector detects the light signal'rawV is the frequency of the optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end 100, α L is the attenuation value of the optical fiber measured by OTDR, η is the second code rateBμ is the average photon number of the optical signal, which is a loss parameter of the receiving end 200.
It should be noted that, a technician may measure the optical fiber attenuation value through the OTDR, so that the measurement may be performed after the communication system is built, and the measurement result may be used to calibrate the loss parameter of the receiving end 200, and frequent measurement is not required, so that the communication system is not greatly affected.
S103, calculating the attenuation value of the optical fiber according to the first code rate, the second code rate, the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end and the loss parameter of the receiving end.
Alternatively, the attenuation value of the optical fiber may be calculated by equation two.
The second formula may be:
where S is an attenuation value of the optical fiber, μ is an average photon number of an optical signal transmitted from the transmitting end 100 through the optical fiber 300, ηBV is the loss parameter of the receiving end 200, and B 'is the frequency of the optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end 100'rawIs the second code rate, BrawIs the first code rate.
Optionally, the method may further include: and when the network of the sub-communication system is in no service, controlling the sending end to send the optical signal according to a preset time interval.
It should be noted that, when there is no service in the quantum communication system, in order to ensure monitoring of the attenuation value of the optical fiber channel, an adjustable gap period may be set, and the transmitting end is controlled to still transmit the optical signal according to the average photon number μ. The measuring method provided by the embodiment of the application only needs to count the number of photons in the optical signal and does not need to control the information carried by the photons, so that the transmitting end 100 can be controlled to transmit the photons, and the photons do not need to be subjected to polarization or phase coding, so that the power consumption can be reduced.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, the method may further include S201-S202:
s201, storing a plurality of measurement results of the optical fiber attenuation value;
when the optical fiber attenuation value is automatically monitored by using the method for measuring the optical fiber provided by the embodiment of the application, the optical fiber attenuation value at the last time or in a period of time can be saved.
S202, if the difference value of the two measurement results in the plurality of measurement results is larger than a preset threshold value, reporting the measurement results and giving an alarm.
A threshold value can be artificially set, and if the difference between the attenuation value of the current optical fiber and the previous attenuation value exceeds the threshold value, a related alarm can be reported; the initialization related parameters can be re-performed, and the calculation and comparison of the optical fiber attenuation values can be performed again.
It should be noted that the threshold of the measurement difference may be set according to different services or different scenarios. For the service with higher safety requirement, a smaller threshold value can be set, so that the optical fiber attenuation change can be more sensitively detected; for services with general safety requirements, a higher threshold value can be set, so that the frequency of maintaining the optical fiber is reduced, and the operation and maintenance cost is saved.
The method for measuring the optical fiber attenuation value provided by the embodiment of the application is applied to a quantum communication system, and when the no-service time of the QKD system reaches the interval time, the device enters an idle mode. At this time, the transmitting end 100 can be controlled to transmit the light signal at preset time intervals, and the preset time intervals can be adjusted artificially to fit different scenes. When actual service needs exist, the idle mode can be interrupted at any time and the normal working mode is returned.
According to the optical fiber measuring method provided by the embodiment of the application, the attenuation value of the optical fiber is calculated according to the first code rate of the receiving end when the transmitting end of the quantum communication system transmits the optical signal, the second code rate of the receiving end when the transmitting end stops transmitting the optical signal, the frequency of the transmitting end transmitting the optical signal and the loss parameter of the receiving end of the quantum communication system, meanwhile, the measurement can be carried out according to different working modes of the quantum communication system, so that the attenuation value of the optical fiber of the quantum communication system can be monitored on line, an operator does not need to use an instrument for measurement for multiple times, and the influence of frequent disassembly of quantum communication equipment on the performance of the quantum communication system is reduced.
Examples 2,
Referring to fig. 4, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for measuring an optical fiber attenuation value, which is applied to a quantum communication apparatus as shown in fig. 1, where the apparatus 400 may include:
an obtaining unit 410, configured to obtain a first code rate and a second code rate, where the first code rate is a photon counting rate received by a receiving end when the transmitting end transmits an optical signal through the optical fiber; the second code rate is the photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end stops transmitting the optical signal, and the first code rate is greater than the second code rate;
the obtaining unit 410 is further configured to obtain a frequency of an optical signal sent by a sending end, and obtain a loss parameter of a receiving end;
and the calculating unit is used for calculating the attenuation value of the optical fiber according to the first code rate, the second code rate, the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end and the loss parameter of the receiving end.
Optionally, the computing unit may be specifically configured to:
according to the formula
Calculating S, wherein S is the attenuation value of the optical fiber, mu is the average photon number of the optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end through the optical fiber, ηBV is the loss parameter of the receiving end, and B 'is the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end'rawIs the second code rate, BrawIs the first code rate.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, the apparatus 400 may further include:
and a control unit 510, configured to control the sending end to send the optical signal at a preset time interval when the network for quantum communication is out of service.
Optionally, referring to fig. 6, the apparatus 400 may further include:
the storage unit 610 is used for storing a plurality of measurement results of the optical fiber attenuation values.
A reporting unit 620, configured to report the measurement result and alarm if a difference between two measurement results of the multiple measurement results is greater than a preset threshold.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method of measuring optical attenuation values of an optical fiber as described in fig. 2-3.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product comprising instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform a method of measuring optical attenuation values of an optical fiber as described in fig. 2-3.
The embodiment of the invention provides a device for measuring optical attenuation values of optical fibers, which comprises: a processor and a memory, the memory is used for storing programs, and the processor calls the programs stored in the memory to execute the measuring method of the optical attenuation value of the optical fiber as described in the figures 2-3.
Since the apparatus for measuring optical attenuation values of optical fibers, the computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program product in the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to the above method, the technical effects obtained by the method can also refer to the above method embodiments, and the details of the embodiments of the present invention are not repeated herein.
The above units may be individually configured processors, or may be implemented by being integrated into one of the processors of the controller, or may be stored in a memory of the controller in the form of program codes, and the functions of the above units may be called and executed by one of the processors of the controller. The processor described herein may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present Application.
It should be understood that, in the various embodiments of the present application, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical functional division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using a software program, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. The procedures or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the present application are all or partially generated upon loading and execution of computer program instructions on a computer. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored on a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or can comprise one or more data storage devices, such as a server, a data center, etc., that can be integrated with the medium. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring an optical fiber attenuation value is applied to a quantum communication system, the quantum communication system comprises a sending end and a receiving end, the sending end and the receiving end are connected through an optical fiber, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first code rate and a second code rate, wherein the first code rate is a photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end transmits an optical signal through the optical fiber; the second code rate is the photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end stops transmitting the optical signal, and the first code rate is greater than the second code rate;
acquiring the frequency of an optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end and acquiring the loss parameter of the receiving end;
calculating the attenuation value of the optical fiber according to the first code rate, the second code rate, the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end and the loss parameter of the receiving end, and the method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula
Calculating S, wherein S is the attenuation value of the optical fiber, mu is the average photon number of the optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end through the optical fiber, ηBV is the loss parameter of the receiving end, and B 'is the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end'rawIs the second code rate, BrawIs the first code rate.
2. The method of measuring an optical fiber attenuation value according to claim 1, further comprising:
and when the network of the quantum communication system is non-service, controlling the sending end to send the optical signal according to a preset time interval.
3. The method of measuring optical fiber attenuation values according to claim 1, further comprising:
storing a plurality of measurements of the fiber attenuation value;
and reporting the measurement result and giving an alarm if the difference value of the two measurement results in the plurality of measurement results is greater than a preset threshold value.
4. An optical fiber attenuation value measuring device, applied to a quantum communication system, wherein the quantum communication system includes a transmitting end and a receiving end, and the transmitting end and the receiving end are connected by an optical fiber, the device includes:
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a first code rate and a second code rate, where the first code rate is a photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end transmits an optical signal through the optical fiber; the second code rate is the photon counting rate received by the receiving end when the transmitting end stops transmitting the optical signal, and the first code rate is greater than the second code rate;
the acquiring unit is further configured to acquire a frequency of an optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end, and acquire a loss parameter of the receiving end;
a calculating unit, configured to calculate an attenuation value of the optical fiber according to the first code rate, the second code rate, a frequency at which the transmitting end transmits an optical signal, and a loss parameter of the receiving end;
the computing unit is specifically configured to:
according to the formula
Calculating S, wherein S is the attenuation value of the optical fiber, mu is the average photon number of the optical signal transmitted by the transmitting end through the optical fiber, ηBV is the loss parameter of the receiving end, and B 'is the frequency of the optical signal sent by the sending end'rawIs the second code rate, BrawIs the first code rate.
5. The apparatus for measuring attenuation values of optical fibers according to claim 4, further comprising:
and the control unit is used for controlling the sending end to send the optical signal according to a preset time interval when the network of the quantum communication is in a non-service state.
6. The apparatus for measuring attenuation values of optical fibers according to claim 4, further comprising:
a storage unit for storing a plurality of measurement results of the optical fiber attenuation value;
and the reporting unit is used for reporting the measurement result and giving an alarm if the difference value of the two measurement results in the plurality of measurement results is greater than a preset threshold value.
7. A computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of measuring optical fiber attenuation values of any one of claims 1-3.
8. An apparatus for measuring an attenuation value of an optical fiber, comprising: a processor and a memory for storing a program, the processor calling the program stored in the memory to perform the method of measuring an attenuation value of an optical fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| US8744086B2 (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2014-06-03 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Method and apparatus for distributing a quantum key |
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