CN109323690B - Polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system and angular velocity detection method thereof - Google Patents
Polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system and angular velocity detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system and a method for detecting angular velocity thereof. The system generates forward and backward bidirectional high-stability optical carrier microwaves in the same resonant cavity structure, and is used for measuring the rotation angular velocity of a carrier. A fully reciprocal ring cavity resonance structure is adopted to realize a fully reciprocal bidirectional optical resonance system; the dual-wavelength separation of optical signals is realized by adopting a polarization state separation technology, and vertical polarization states are adopted to be transmitted in opposite directions in the sensitive ring, so that the detection capability of the sensitive ring is improved; a phase tracking structure is adopted, and bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance is realized through a regenerative mode locking technology; the cavity length control technology is adopted to lock the microwave oscillation frequency in one direction to a high-stability standard time reference source, so that the relative cavity length stability of the optical resonant cavity is stabilized. The key technology greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the bidirectional oscillation difference frequency signal caused by the Sagnac effect. The system and the method have the characteristics of strong practicability, high measurement precision and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-precision optical gyroscopes, and particularly relates to a polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system and a method for detecting angular velocity by using the same.
Background
The high-precision inertial device is the basis for the high-precision positioning and navigation of the carrier. The high-precision gyroscope is mainly divided into a mechanical gyroscope and an optical gyroscope, and can be widely applied to the fields of military, industry, science and the like because the high-precision gyroscope can detect the operation posture of a carrier. Compared with a mechanical gyroscope, the optical gyroscope has the advantages of short research time, compact structure, high sensitivity and the like, and the defects are obvious. The laser gyro has high precision, but has serious latch-up effect and high cost during working. The fiber optic gyroscope is mainly divided into an interference fiber optic gyroscope and a resonant fiber optic gyroscope, and the former has low gyroscope precision due to factors such as temperature, vibration error and the like; the latter reduces the interference noise, but has high requirements on devices, and the practicability is still to be improved at present.
The basic principle of detecting the rotation angular velocity of the carrier by the laser gyro and the fiber-optic gyro is the Sagnac effect. Because the phase difference or frequency difference generated by the sagnac effect is only related to the carrier rotation angular velocity, but not related to the system structure, the phase difference or frequency difference generated by detecting two beams of light transmitted in the Clockwise (CW) direction and the counterclockwise (CCW) direction emitted by the same light source can be indirectly detected, namely the rotation angular velocity. In order to ensure the detection accuracy, the two beams of light which are transmitted in the Clockwise (CW) direction and the anticlockwise (CCW) direction need to have strict reciprocity, namely, the two beams of light which are transmitted in the Clockwise (CW) direction and the anticlockwise (CCW) direction need to have the same structure and performance when transmitted by a clockwise resonant cavity and an anticlockwise resonant cavity. Therefore, the optical gyroscope with high precision and full reciprocity is still the focus of research on the optical gyroscope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing optical gyroscope angular velocity measuring scheme and provides a polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system and a method for detecting the angular velocity by using the same.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system comprises a bidirectional optical amplifier, a narrowband bidirectional optical filter, a first photoelectric intensity modulator, an optical coupler, an optical fiber sensitive ring working structure, a second photoelectric intensity modulator, a first regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit, a first high-speed photoelectric detector, a first microwave filtering amplifying unit, a first microwave power divider, a second regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit, a second high-speed photoelectric detector, a second microwave filtering amplifying unit, a third microwave power divider and a microwave frequency difference detecting unit;
the bidirectional optical amplifier, the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter, the first photoelectric intensity modulator, the optical coupler, the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure and the second photoelectric intensity modulator are sequentially connected to form a clockwise annular resonant cavity; resonant light in the clockwise direction sequentially passes through the optical coupler, the first regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit, the first high-speed photoelectric detector, the first microwave filtering and amplifying unit and the first microwave power divider and is input into the first photoelectric intensity modulator to form a clockwise direction regeneration mode locking structure; an electric signal generated by the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is input into a microwave frequency difference detection unit through a first microwave power divider;
the bidirectional optical amplifier, the second photoelectric intensity modulator, the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure, the optical coupler, the first photoelectric intensity modulator and the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter are sequentially connected to form an anticlockwise annular resonant cavity; the counter-clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through the optical coupler, the second regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit, the second high-speed photoelectric detector, the second microwave filtering amplifying unit and the third microwave power divider and is input into the second photoelectric intensity modulator to form a counter-clockwise regeneration mode locking structure; and an electric signal generated by the counterclockwise regeneration mode locking structure is input into the microwave frequency difference detection unit through the third microwave power divider.
The optical fiber sensing ring working structure comprises a polarization beam splitter, an optical fiber sensing ring, a first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit and a second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit;
the clockwise resonant light passes through the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit to adjust the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter into two paths of signals with vertical polarization states, enters the optical fiber sensitive ring through the polarization beam splitter, and sequentially passes through the polarization beam splitter and the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit to adjust the polarization state back to the initial state;
the counter-clockwise resonance light sequentially passes through the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit to adjust the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter into two paths of signals with vertical polarization states, enters the optical fiber sensitive ring through the polarization beam splitter, and sequentially passes through the polarization beam splitter and the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit to adjust the polarization states back to the initial states.
Further, the polarization-preserving fully reciprocal bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system adopts microwave signals generated by a clockwise regenerative mode locking structure and a counterclockwise regenerative mode locking structure to input into a microwave frequency difference detection unit for angular velocity detection.
Furthermore, the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter changes the resonant optical carrier microwave signal when the system works into a dual-peak spectral signal, and the spectral peak corresponds to the spectral peakWavelength is respectively lambda1And λ2，λ1And λ2Is a modulation signal fmAnd bidirectional double-frequency resonance is realized.
Furthermore, in the working structure of the optical fiber sensing ring, the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit and the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit are both realized by a plurality of polarization beam splitters and polarization state controllers.
Furthermore, in the working structure of the optical fiber sensing ring, the two paths of signals with vertical polarization states have different light speeds when being transmitted in the sensing ring in opposite directions, and the SAGNAC effect detection gain of the sensing ring is increased.
Furthermore, the first regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit and the second regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit are used as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a space optical displacement platform are adopted.
The system further comprises a cavity length control system, the cavity length control system comprises a cavity length regulator, a second microwave power divider, a cavity length control unit and an external clock reference source, the cavity length regulator is arranged in the bidirectional annular resonant cavity, the first microwave power divider is respectively input into the microwave frequency difference detection unit and the cavity length control unit through the second microwave power divider, the external clock reference source is input into the cavity length control unit, and the cavity length control unit is connected with the cavity length regulator to achieve stable cavity length of the resonant cavity.
Further, the cavity length adjuster comprises a first-stage cavity length adjuster and a second-stage cavity length adjuster, the adjusting range of the first-stage cavity length adjuster is larger than that of the second-stage cavity length adjuster, the first-stage cavity length adjuster is used for adjusting the cavity length at a slow speed, the second-stage cavity length adjuster is used for adjusting the cavity length at a fast speed, the first-stage cavity length adjuster and the second-stage cavity length adjuster serve as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a space optical displacement table are adopted.
A method for detecting angular velocity by using a polarization-maintaining full-reciprocal bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system comprises the following steps:
step 1: the output optical signal of the bidirectional optical amplifier is divided into two paths in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction;
working light in the clockwise direction passes through the clockwise annular resonant cavity and the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure, and stable f1 frequency output is realized through the first microwave power divider;
working light in the counterclockwise direction passes through the counterclockwise annular resonant cavity and the counterclockwise regenerative mode locking structure, and stable f2 frequency output is realized through the third microwave power divider;
step 2: the working light in the clockwise direction and the working light in the counterclockwise direction generate opposite sagnac effects in the working structure of the optical fiber sensitive ring, and the microwave frequency difference detection unit detects the frequency difference between the frequency f1 and the frequency f2 obtained in the step 1, namely beat frequency, which is recorded as delta f;
and step 3: the angular velocity Ω of rotation can be obtained by the following formular
S is the area surrounded by the optical fiber sensitive ring in the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency f1 or the frequency f2, and L is the total optical fiber length of the optical fiber sensitive ring; g1Working light enters the optical fiber sensing ring in a clockwise direction, and gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states; g2The working light enters the fiber sensing ring in the counterclockwise direction, and the gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states.
Further, when the polarization-maintaining full-reciprocity bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system has a cavity length control system, the clockwise microwave frequency f1 distributed by the second microwave power divider performs frequency and phase discrimination with an external clock reference source, and an output signal passes through a cavity length control unit and is used for controlling a cavity length regulator to realize the locking of the cavity length in the clockwise direction; at this time, the counterclockwise cavity length variation is a sum of the clockwise cavity length variation before the cavity length lock and the counterclockwise cavity length variation before the cavity length lock.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical-carrier microwave resonance system based on the Sagnac effect principle is constructed by combining a bidirectional resonance technology and a traditional resonance optical gyro technology, and highly stable microwave oscillation is obtained through polarization-preserving bidirectional photoelectric oscillation by the polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical-carrier microwave resonance system to replace the traditional light wave oscillation and is used for measuring the rotation angular velocity. The invention has the advantages that the microwave signal can be subjected to difference frequency detection in modes of amplification, frequency doubling and the like, and compared with optical difference frequency detection, the difference frequency detection signal has higher signal-to-noise ratio. Especially, the fully reciprocal optical resonant cavity structure enables the resonant frequency difference detection in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction to have higher precision. Meanwhile, the system locks the photoelectric oscillation frequency in one direction, namely the length of the resonant cavity, to a stable standard clock, so that the relative length of the photoelectric resonant cavity can be stabilized, the temperature drift and the optical parasitic noise of the optical fiber ring cavity are eliminated, and the stability of the output frequency is further improved. The system and the method provided by the invention have the characteristics of strong practicability, high measurement precision and the like, and can meet the application requirements of the high-precision optical gyroscope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a polarization maintaining fully reciprocal bi-directional microwave-over-optical resonant system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a polarization maintaining fully reciprocal bi-directional microwave-over-optical resonant system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the system comprises a bidirectional optical amplifier 1, a narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 2, a first photoelectric intensity modulator 5, an optical coupler 6, a first-stage cavity length regulator 7, a second-stage cavity length regulator 8, an optical fiber sensitive ring working structure 9, a second photoelectric intensity modulator 11, a first regenerative cavity delay regulating unit 12, a first high-speed photoelectric detector 13, a first microwave filtering and amplifying unit 14, a first microwave power divider 15, a second microwave power divider 16, a cavity length control unit 17, an external clock reference source 18, a second regenerative cavity delay regulating unit 19, a second high-speed photoelectric detector 20, a second microwave filtering and amplifying unit 21, a third microwave power divider 22, a microwave frequency difference detection unit 23, a polarization beam splitter 24, an optical fiber sensitive ring 25, a first orthogonal polarization state regulating unit 27 and a second orthogonal polarization state regulating unit 29; the solid line part in the figure indicates the optical path connection, which is the optical path; the dashed lines indicate circuit connections, which are electrical paths.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the polarization-maintaining full-reciprocity bidirectional optical microwave-over-fiber resonant system provided in this embodiment includes a bidirectional optical amplifier 1, a narrowband bidirectional optical filter 2, a first photoelectric intensity modulator 5, an optical coupler 6, an optical fiber sensitive ring working structure 9, a second photoelectric intensity modulator 11, a first regenerative cavity delay adjusting unit 12, a first high-speed photodetector 13, a first microwave filtering amplifying unit 14, a first microwave power divider 15, a second regenerative cavity delay adjusting unit 19, a second high-speed photodetector 20, a second microwave filtering amplifying unit 21, a third microwave power divider 22, and a microwave frequency difference detecting unit 23;
the bidirectional optical amplifier 1, the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 2, the first photoelectric intensity modulator 5, the optical coupler 6, the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure 9 and the second photoelectric intensity modulator 11 are sequentially connected to form a clockwise annular resonant cavity; the clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through the optical coupler 6, the first regenerative cavity delay adjusting unit 12, the first high-speed photoelectric detector 13, the first microwave filtering amplifying unit 14 and the first microwave power divider 15 and is input into the first photoelectric intensity modulator 5, so that a clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is formed; an electrical signal generated by the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is input into the microwave frequency difference detection unit 23 through the first microwave power divider 15;
the bidirectional optical amplifier 1, the second photoelectric intensity modulator 11, the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure 9, the optical coupler 6, the first photoelectric intensity modulator 5 and the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 2 are sequentially connected to form an anticlockwise annular resonant cavity; the counter-clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through the optical coupler 6, the second regenerative cavity delay adjusting unit 19, the second high-speed photoelectric detector 20, the second microwave filtering amplifying unit 21 and the third microwave power divider 22 and is input to the second photoelectric intensity modulator 11, so that a counter-clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is formed; an electric signal generated by the counterclockwise regenerative mode locking structure is input to the microwave frequency difference detection unit 23 through the third microwave power divider 22;
the bidirectional output light of the bidirectional optical amplifier 1 passes through the annular resonant cavity in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction respectively and finally returns to the bidirectional optical amplifier 1 to finish resonant amplification, so that the system has a full-reciprocity structure;
the optical fiber sensing ring working structure 9 comprises a polarization beam splitter 24, an optical fiber sensing ring 25, a first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 27 and a second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 29;
the clockwise resonant light passes through the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 29 to separate the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 2 into two signals with central wavelengths respectively lambda1And λ2Two optical signals with vertical polarization states are divided into lambda by the polarization beam splitter 241And λ2The two paths of signals enter the optical fiber sensing ring 25 to sense the angular velocity, are combined by the polarization beam splitter 24, and are subjected to polarization state adjustment by the first orthogonal polarization state adjustment unit 27 to realize that the polarization state of the output signal of the optical fiber sensing ring working structure 9 is consistent with that of the input signal;
the counter-clockwise resonant light passes through the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 27 to separate the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 2 into the dual-peak spectral signals with the central wavelengths respectively lambda1And λ2Two optical signals with vertical polarization states are divided into lambda by the polarization beam splitter 241And λ2The two paths of signals enter the optical fiber sensing ring 25 to sense the angular velocity, are combined by the polarization beam splitter 24, and pass through the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 29 to realize that the polarization state of the output signal of the optical fiber sensing ring working structure 9 is consistent with that of the input signal;
microwave signals generated by the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure and the anticlockwise regenerative mode locking structure are input into the microwave frequency difference detection unit 23 to be subjected to angular velocity detection, and the angular velocity detection precision of the system is improved by adopting microwave detection frequency detection.
The first regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit 12 and the second regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit 19 are used as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a space optical displacement table can be adopted.
The narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 2 converts the resonant optical carrier microwave signal when the system works into a dual-peak spectral signal, and the wavelengths corresponding to the spectral peaks are lambda respectively1And λ2，λ1And λ2Is a modulation signal fmAnd bidirectional double-frequency resonance is realized.
In the optical fiber sensing ring working structure 9, the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 27 and the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 29 may be implemented by a plurality of polarization beam splitters and polarization state controllers.
Two optical signals lambda which enter the sensitive ring in the clockwise direction and are transmitted in the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure 91And λ2After polarization state separation, the light speeds are different when the light beams are transmitted in the sensitive ring in opposite directions, and SAGNAC effect detection gain of the sensitive ring is increased; two optical signals lambda entering the sensitive ring and transmitted in the same anticlockwise direction1And λ2The SAGNAC effect detection gain of the sensing ring is also increased when the sensing ring transmits in opposite directions.
The optical path difference (phase difference) generated by the sagnac effect of the clockwise resonant cavity and the anticlockwise resonant cavity is opposite in sign, so that the optical path difference generated by the unidirectional sagnac effect with the clockwise optical path difference and the anticlockwise optical path difference being twice is caused.
The method for detecting the angular velocity by utilizing the polarization-maintaining full-reciprocal bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system comprises the following steps of:
step 1: the output optical signal of the bidirectional optical amplifier 1 is divided into two paths in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction;
working light in the clockwise direction is subjected to narrow-band filtering through a narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 2, then is divided into two paths after passing through a first photoelectric intensity modulator 5 and an optical coupler 6 in sequence, wherein the first path is continuously transmitted through an optical fiber sensitive ring working structure 9, and then an optical signal is amplified again through a bidirectional optical amplifier 1 after passing through a second photoelectric intensity modulator 11 to form a clockwise optical resonance loop; the second path passes through a first regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit 12, then is subjected to photoelectric conversion through a first high-speed photoelectric detector 13, a microwave signal generated by conversion is subjected to filtering frequency selection and amplification through a first microwave filtering amplification unit 14, and after power distribution is carried out through a first microwave power divider 15, one path enters a first photoelectric intensity modulator 5 to form a clockwise regeneration mode locking structure; wherein, the first regenerative cavity delay adjusting unit 12 in front of the first high-speed photodetector 13 can change the microwave phase injected into the first photoelectric intensity modulator 5 by the regenerative mode-locked loop, so as to realize stable f1 frequency output;
the working light in the counterclockwise direction passes through the second photoelectric intensity modulator 11, then passes through the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure 9 and the optical coupler 6 in sequence to be divided into two paths, the first path continuously passes through the first photoelectric intensity modulator 5 and returns to the bias narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 2 for narrow-band filtering, and then passes through the bidirectional optical amplifier 1 again for amplification to form an optical resonance loop in the counterclockwise direction; the second path passes through a second regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit 19 and then is subjected to photoelectric conversion by a second high-speed photoelectric detector 20, a microwave signal generated by the conversion is subjected to microwave frequency selection and amplification by a second microwave filtering and amplifying unit 21, and after power distribution is carried out by a third microwave power divider 22, one path enters a second photoelectric intensity modulator 11 to form a regeneration mode locking structure; the second regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit 19 in front of the second high-speed photodetector 20 can change the microwave phase injected into the second photoelectric intensity modulator 11 by the regeneration mode locking loop, so as to realize stable frequency output of f 2;
step 2: the clockwise working light and the counterclockwise working light generate opposite sagnac effects in the optical fiber sensing ring working structure 9, and the microwave frequency difference detection unit 23 detects the frequency difference, i.e., beat frequency, between the frequency f1 and the frequency f2 obtained in step 1, and records the frequency difference as Δ f;
and step 3: the angular velocity Ω of rotation can be obtained by the following formular
S is the area surrounded by the optical fiber sensitive ring in the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency f1 or the frequency f2, and L is the total optical fiber length of the optical fiber sensitive ring; g1Is clockwiseWorking light enters the optical fiber sensing ring, and is divided into two paths of sensitive sagnac effects with vertical polarization states to generate gain; g2The working light enters the fiber sensing ring in the counterclockwise direction, and the gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the polarization-maintaining full-reciprocal two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system provided in this embodiment further includes a cavity length control system based on embodiment 1, where the cavity length control system includes a cavity length adjuster, a second microwave power divider 16, a cavity length control unit 17, and an external clock reference source 18.
The cavity length adjuster is arranged in the bidirectional annular resonant cavity, the first microwave power divider 15 is respectively input into the microwave frequency difference detection unit 23 and the cavity length control unit 17 through the second microwave power divider 16, the external clock reference source 18 is input into the cavity length control unit 17, and the cavity length control unit 17 is connected with the cavity length adjuster to realize the stability of the cavity length of the resonant cavity.
Further, the cavity length adjuster includes a first-stage cavity length adjuster 7 and a second-stage cavity length adjuster 8, the adjusting range of the first-stage cavity length adjuster 7 is larger than that of the second-stage cavity length adjuster 8, the first-stage cavity length adjuster 7 is used for adjusting the cavity length at a slow speed, the second-stage cavity length adjuster 8 is used for adjusting the cavity length at a fast speed, the first-stage cavity length adjuster 7 and the second-stage cavity length adjuster 8 serve as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a space optical displacement table and the like can be adopted.
The clockwise microwave frequency f1 distributed by the second microwave power divider 16 and the external clock reference source 18 perform frequency and phase discrimination, and an output signal passes through the cavity length control unit 17 to control the cavity length adjuster, so that the locking of the resonant cavity length in the clockwise direction is realized; at this time, the counterclockwise cavity length variation is a sum of the clockwise cavity length variation before the cavity length lock and the counterclockwise cavity length variation before the cavity length lock.
One skilled in the art can, using the teachings of the present invention, readily make various changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modifications and equivalent variations of the above-described embodiments, which are made in accordance with the technical spirit and substance of the present invention, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system is characterized by comprising a bidirectional optical amplifier (1), a narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (2), a first photoelectric intensity modulator (5), an optical coupler (6), an optical fiber sensitive ring working structure (9), a second photoelectric intensity modulator (11), a first regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit (12), a first high-speed photoelectric detector (13), a first microwave filtering amplifying unit (14), a first microwave power divider (15), a second regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit (19), a second high-speed photoelectric detector (20), a second microwave filtering amplifying unit (21), a third microwave power divider (22) and a microwave frequency difference detecting unit (23);
the bidirectional optical amplifier (1), the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (2), the first photoelectric intensity modulator (5), the optical coupler (6), the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure (9) and the second photoelectric intensity modulator (11) are sequentially connected to form a clockwise annular resonant cavity; resonant light in the clockwise direction sequentially passes through an optical coupler (6), a first regeneration cavity delay adjusting unit (12), a first high-speed photoelectric detector (13), a first microwave filtering and amplifying unit (14) and a first microwave power divider (15) and is input into a first photoelectric intensity modulator (5), so that a clockwise regeneration mode locking structure is formed; an electric signal generated by the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is input into a microwave frequency difference detection unit (23) through a first microwave power divider (15);
the bidirectional optical amplifier (1), the second photoelectric intensity modulator (11), the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure (9), the optical coupler (6), the first photoelectric intensity modulator (5) and the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (2) are sequentially connected to form an anticlockwise annular resonant cavity; the counter-clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through the optical coupler (6), the second regenerative cavity delay adjusting unit (19), the second high-speed photoelectric detector (20), the second microwave filtering and amplifying unit (21) and the third microwave power divider (22) and is input into the second photoelectric intensity modulator (11), so that a counter-clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is formed; an electric signal generated by the counterclockwise regeneration mode locking structure is input into a microwave frequency difference detection unit (23) through a third microwave power divider (22);
the optical fiber sensing ring working structure (9) comprises a polarization beam splitter (24), an optical fiber sensing ring (25), a first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (27) and a second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (29);
the clockwise resonant light passes through a second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (29) to adjust the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (2) into two paths of signals with vertical polarization states, enters an optical fiber sensitive ring (25) through a polarization beam splitter (24), and sequentially passes through the polarization beam splitter (24) and a first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (27) to adjust the polarization states back to the initial states;
the counter-clockwise resonance light sequentially passes through the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (27) to adjust the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (2) into two paths of signals with vertical polarization states, enters the optical fiber sensitive ring (25) through the polarization beam splitter (24), and sequentially passes through the polarization beam splitter (24) and the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (29) to adjust the polarization states back to the initial states.
2. The polarization-maintaining full-reciprocity bidirectional optical-carrier microwave resonance system according to claim 1, wherein microwave signals generated by the clockwise regenerative mode-locking structure and the counterclockwise regenerative mode-locking structure are input to the microwave frequency difference detection unit (23) for angular velocity detection.
3. The polarization-maintaining full-reciprocal microwave-over-optical resonance system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (2) converts the resonant microwave-over-optical signal during system operation into a dual-peak spectral signal, and the spectral peaks correspond to wavelengths λ1And λ2，λ1And λ2Is a modulation signal fmAnd bidirectional double-frequency resonance is realized.
4. The polarization-preserving fully reciprocal microwave-over-optical resonance system according to claim 1, wherein in the fiber-optic sensor ring operating structure (9), the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (27) and the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (29) are implemented by a plurality of polarization beam splitters and polarization state controllers.
5. The polarization-maintaining full-reciprocity bidirectional optical-carrier microwave resonance system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fiber-optic sensing ring operating structure (9), two signals with vertical polarization state have different optical speeds when transmitted in the sensing ring in opposite directions, and the sensing ring SAGNAC effect detection gain is increased.
6. The polarization-preserving full-reciprocal two-way optical-carrier microwave resonance system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first regenerative cavity delay adjusting unit (12) and the second regenerative cavity delay adjusting unit (19) are used as optical path adjusting units, and optical fiber stretchers, adjustable optical delay lines or spatial optical displacement stages are adopted.
7. The polarization-maintaining full-reciprocity bidirectional optical-carrier microwave resonance system according to claim 1, further comprising a cavity length control system, wherein the cavity length control system comprises a cavity length adjuster, a second microwave power divider (16), a cavity length control unit (17), and an external clock reference source (18), the cavity length adjuster is disposed in the clockwise and counterclockwise annular resonance cavities, the first microwave power divider (15) inputs the microwave frequency difference detection unit (23) and the cavity length control unit (17) through the second microwave power divider (16), the external clock reference source (18) inputs the cavity length control unit (17), and the cavity length control unit (17) is connected to control the cavity length adjuster, thereby realizing the stability of the cavity length of the resonance cavity.
8. The polarization-maintaining full-reciprocity bidirectional optical-carrier microwave resonance system according to claim 7, characterized in that the cavity length adjuster comprises a first-stage cavity length adjuster (7) and a second-stage cavity length adjuster (8), the adjustment range of the first-stage cavity length adjuster (7) is larger than that of the second-stage cavity length adjuster (8), the first-stage cavity length adjuster (7) is used for slowly adjusting the cavity length, the second-stage cavity length adjuster (8) is used for rapidly adjusting the cavity length, the first-stage cavity length adjuster (7) and the second-stage cavity length adjuster (8) are used as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a space optical displacement table is adopted.
9. A method for angular velocity detection using the polarization maintaining fully reciprocal bi-directional microwave-over-optical resonant system of claim 7, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the output optical signal of the bidirectional optical amplifier (1) is divided into two paths in the clockwise direction and the anticlockwise direction;
working light in the clockwise direction passes through a clockwise ring-shaped resonant cavity and a clockwise regenerative mode locking structure, and stable f1 frequency output is realized through a first microwave power divider (15);
working light in the counterclockwise direction passes through the counterclockwise annular resonant cavity and the counterclockwise regenerative mode locking structure, and stable f2 frequency output is realized through the third microwave power divider (22);
step 2: the clockwise working light and the anticlockwise working light generate opposite sagnac effects in the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure (9), and the microwave frequency difference detection unit (23) detects the frequency difference between the frequency f1 and the frequency f2 obtained in the step 1, namely beat frequency, which is recorded as delta f;
and step 3: the angular velocity Ω of rotation can be obtained by the following formular
S is the area surrounded by the optical fiber sensitive ring in the optical fiber sensitive ring working structure, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency f1 or the frequency f2, and L is the total optical fiber length of the optical fiber sensitive ring; g1Working light enters the optical fiber sensing ring in a clockwise direction, and gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states; g2Working light enters the optical fiber sensing ring in the counterclockwise direction, and is divided into two paths of sensitive sags with vertical polarization statesThe gain due to the nac effect.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein when the polarization maintaining fully reciprocal bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system has a cavity length control system, the clockwise microwave frequency f1 distributed by the second microwave power divider (16) is subjected to frequency and phase discrimination with an external clock reference source (18), and an output signal is used for controlling the cavity length adjuster through the cavity length control unit (17) to realize the locking of the cavity length in the clockwise direction; at this time, the counterclockwise cavity length variation is a sum of the clockwise cavity length variation before the cavity length lock and the counterclockwise cavity length variation before the cavity length lock.
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