CN109290576B

CN109290576B - Metal 3D printing device

Info

Publication number: CN109290576B
Application number: CN201811276024.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 史子木; 关雷; 林继兴; 钟正根; 王坤; 金鹿凡
Original assignee: Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocational College
Current assignee: Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocational College
Priority date: 2018-10-30
Filing date: 2018-10-30
Publication date: 2020-10-02
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-30
Also published as: CN109290576A

Abstract

The invention discloses a metal 3D printing device, which is provided with a synchronous adjusting mechanism on the basis of the existing coaxial powder feeding mechanism, so that a convergence point of powder and a laser focus are synchronously adjusted, the focusing of the focus during laser coaxial cladding is ensured, and the requirements of completely melting and reshaping the powder by laser focusing are met under the condition that the concentration distribution of the powder can be changed. Meanwhile, a driving mechanism is arranged, so that the function of synchronous adjustment can be automatically realized, and the adjustment can be carried out in real time after the control of a computer is matched, thereby meeting the more flexible processing requirement. The structure and the function can be changed and added to a certain extent on the basis of the existing structure, and the cost is well controlled.

Description

Metal 3D printing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of 3D printing, in particular to a metal 3D printing device.

Background

A 3D printer (3D Printers), also known as three-dimensional Printers, is a machine that is an accumulative manufacturing technique, i.e. a rapid prototyping technique, which is based on a digital model file, and manufactures a three-dimensional object by printing a layer of adhesive material, such as special wax, powdered metal or plastic, etc., on a layer-by-layer basis. The 3D printer is composed of a control assembly, a mechanical assembly, a printing head, consumables, media and other frameworks. Before printing, a complete three-dimensional model is modeled and designed in a computer, and then printing output is carried out. Because the object with any shape can be directly generated from the computer graphic data without machining or mould, the production period of the product is greatly shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.

The core of 3D printing is to convert a complex 3D shape of the workpiece to be formed into a combination of simple 2D sections by slicing, so that it is not necessary to use a conventional machine tool and a die, and to deposit material layer by layer along the height direction on a computer-controlled rapid forming machine according to a three-dimensional computer-aided design model of the workpiece, to form a series of 2D section thin sheet layers of the workpiece, and to bond the sheet layers to each other, and finally to stack the three-dimensional workpiece.

When manufacturing a metal workpiece using 3D printing, a laser printing apparatus needs to be used. Traditional laser printing equipment includes laser generator, laser shower nozzle, arm and workstation, and laser generator's effect is production laser, this laser shower nozzle installs on the arm. In the whole 3D printing process, the laser nozzle is driven by the mechanical arm to finish on the workbench. The laser nozzle assembly mainly comprises a laser head and a powder nozzle assembly, the powder nozzle assembly comprises a powder nozzle, and the powder nozzle is connected with a powder feeding pipeline and a protective gas pipeline. In operation, after the powder is ejected, the laser rapidly melts the powder and then rapidly solidifies to form the shape of the workpiece in a very short time.

An important factor determining the forming quality of the metal workpiece is the powder nozzle, i.e. the powder can be ensured to be uniformly and stably focused and supplied to the focusing point of the laser, and a plurality of coaxial powder feeding devices are disclosed in the prior art. Chinese patent CN104178763 discloses a laser coaxial cladding powder feeding head, which comprises an outer cylinder wall, an inner cylinder wall, a cooling water cavity, a powder feeding nozzle outer ring and a powder feeding nozzle inner ring, wherein the powder feeding nozzle inner ring and the powder feeding nozzle outer ring comprise adjustable movable support plates, and the relative position of a powder convergence point and a laser focus and the powder concentration distribution can be changed under the condition of not disassembling various pipelines; in some cases, however, the powder spray head only needs to adjust the powder concentration and the powder concentration distribution to adapt to the forming of a specific metal workpiece, and the powder concentration and the laser focus do not change, so that the powder can be sufficiently melted and formed again by the focused laser under the condition of meeting the requirement.

Therefore, this patent improves on above prior art's basis, realizes that the device can carry out the convergent point of powder and the synchronous adjustment of laser focus, satisfies the processing needs.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a metal 3D printing device which is simple in structure and convenient for realizing synchronous adjustment of a powder convergence point and a laser focus.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a metal D printing device comprises a coaxial powder feeding mechanism, wherein the coaxial powder feeding mechanism comprises an outer cylinder wall, an inner cylinder wall, a powder feeding nozzle outer ring, a powder feeding nozzle inner ring and a lifting adjusting cylinder which can be assembled together, the powder feeding nozzle outer ring and the powder feeding nozzle inner ring are respectively composed of a plurality of outer movable support plates and inner movable support plates which are circumferentially symmetrically distributed and are respectively lapped with each other, and the powder feeding nozzle outer ring and the powder feeding nozzle inner ring jointly form a conical powder feeding nozzle which is circumferentially closed; the outer movable support plate and the inner movable support plate are respectively connected with the outer cylinder wall and the inner cylinder wall through hinges; the outer movable support plate and the inner movable support plate are provided with linkage mechanisms, so that the outer movable support plate can drive the inner movable support plate to correspondingly rotate around the hinge; the linkage mechanism is a local protrusion with a smooth upper surface, the local protrusion is fixed on the inner surface of the outer movable support plate, and the upper surface of the local protrusion is in slidable contact with the inner movable support plate and can slide along the outer surface of the inner movable support plate; the lifting adjusting cylinder is rotatably arranged at the end part of the outer cylinder wall and moves up and down at a relative position when rotating, the lower edge of the lifting adjusting cylinder is in slidable contact with the outer surface of the outer movable support plate and adjusts the axial included angle between the outer movable support plate and the outer cylinder wall when moving up and down; the rear part of the outer cylinder wall is provided with a lens mounting rack, and a focusing lens is arranged in the lens mounting rack; the lens mounting rack comprises a lower support and an upper support, the lower support and the outer cylinder wall are fixedly mounted, the upper support is rotatably arranged at the end part of the lower support and moves up and down at a relative position during rotation, and the focusing lens is arranged at the upper support; the synchronous adjusting mechanism comprises a clamping frame, a linkage shaft, an upper linkage gear and a lower linkage gear, the upper linkage gear and the lower linkage gear are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the linkage shaft to be linked, the linkage shaft is rotatably arranged on the clamping frame, the clamping frame is detachably arranged on the outer cylinder wall, matching teeth are arranged on the outer walls of the lifting adjusting cylinder and the upper support, the lower linkage gear is meshed and linked with the matching teeth of the lifting adjusting cylinder, the upper linkage gear is meshed and linked with the matching teeth of the upper support, and the lifting adjusting cylinder is enabled to synchronously adjust the upper position and the lower position of the upper support when the axial included angle between the outer movable support plate and the outer cylinder wall is movably adjusted; the driving mechanism is arranged on the clamping frame and drives the linkage shaft to rotate through the work of the driving mechanism.

As an improvement, the upper linkage gear comprises a main gear and a pinion, the main gear and the pinion are meshed with each other and are respectively matched with the linkage shaft and the upper bracket for transmission, the sizes of the main gear and the pinion are different, the rotating angles of the upper bracket and the lifting adjusting cylinder are different, and the powder convergence point and the laser focus point are correspondingly coincided after the upper bracket and the lifting adjusting cylinder are synchronously moved up and down.

As an improvement, the clamping frame comprises a pair of semi-annular sub-frames, a cylindrical connecting body is arranged at the upper end of the outer cylinder wall, the lower support and the outer cylinder wall are connected in a sleeved mode through the cylindrical connecting body, clamping grooves matched with the cylindrical connecting body are formed in the inner sides of the sub-frames, the pair of sub-frames are clamped at the cylindrical connecting body through the clamping groove positioning, and fasteners are arranged at the two ends of the sub-frames for installation and fixation; the sub-mounting frame is vertically provided with a rotary hole for the linkage shaft to be rotatably matched with the sub-mounting frame, and the upper portion and the lower portion of the sub-mounting frame are provided with mounting cavities for the upper linkage gear and the lower linkage gear to be accommodated.

As an improvement, a positioning column is arranged on the columnar connector, and a positioning groove matched and clamped with the positioning column is arranged in the clamping groove of the sub-frame.

As an improvement, the upper bracket is sleeved in the lower bracket, the upper part of the sub-mounting bracket extends towards the upper bracket to form a close part, the close part is downwards provided with an embedded groove, and when the clamping bracket is arranged on the outer cylinder wall in place, the embedded groove is clamped and limited with the edge of the upper end of the lower bracket.

As an improvement, the upper linkage gear and the lower linkage gear are both provided with a locking mechanism in a matching manner, the locking mechanism comprises a conflict cam, a locking plate and a limiting spring, the locking plate is arranged on the sub-mounting rack in a sliding manner, the conflict cam is rotatably arranged on the sub-mounting rack through a rotating shaft, an arrangement hole is formed in the locking plate for accommodating the conflict cam, the locking plate is abutted against the upper linkage gear or the lower linkage gear by the wall of the arrangement hole, which is abutted by a protruding part, when the conflict cam rotates, and one side, facing the upper linkage gear or the lower linkage gear, of the locking plate is provided with a locking tooth for clamping the upper linkage gear or the lower linkage gear; spacing spring sets up between lock plate and sub-mounting bracket to compressed or tensile and accumulate the potential energy when the spacing lock plate of conflict cam makes locking tooth lock linkage gear or lower linkage gear, liberate the potential energy when the locking of conflict cam relieving pair lock plate and make the lock plate keep away from linkage gear or lower linkage gear.

As an improvement, the locking mechanisms of the upper linkage gear and the lower linkage gear share a rotating shaft to enable the two groups of conflict cams to be linked, the rotating shaft extends out of the sub-mounting frame, and a driving cylinder is arranged to drive the rotating shaft to rotate.

As an improvement, the driving mechanism comprises a sliding frame which can be arranged on the sub-mounting frame in a sliding manner, a driving motor which is fixedly arranged on the sliding frame, a first bevel gear which is arranged on a shaft of the driving motor and a second bevel gear which is arranged on the linkage shaft, wherein a connecting frame is arranged on the sliding frame and is connected to the shaft of the driving cylinder; the driving cylinder is provided with two stations of extending and retracting, one station moves to a limit locking plate of a collision cam corresponding to the rotating shaft so that the locking teeth lock the upper linkage gear or the lower linkage gear, and meanwhile, the sliding frame slides to separate a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear on the shaft of the driving motor; and the other station moves to the collision cam corresponding to the rotating shaft to release the locking of the locking plate so that the locking teeth are separated from the upper linkage gear or the lower linkage gear, and meanwhile, the sliding frame slides to the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear on the shaft of the driving motor for meshing transmission.

As an improvement, the number of the outer movable support plates and the number of the inner movable support plates are the same, the outer movable support plates and the inner movable support plates are isosceles trapezoids, and the side length of one end connected with the hinge is larger than that of the opposite end.

As an improvement, the lifting adjusting cylinder is connected with the outer cylinder wall through threads.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis that the functions of the existing coaxial powder feeding mechanism structure can be realized, the metal 3D printing device is arranged through the synchronous adjusting mechanism, so that the coaxial powder feeding device can realize the effect of synchronously adjusting the convergent point and the laser focus of the powder, the focusing of the focus during laser coaxial cladding is ensured, the concentration distribution of the powder can be changed, and the requirements of completely melting and reshaping the powder by laser focusing are met. Meanwhile, a driving mechanism is arranged, so that the function of synchronous adjustment can be automatically realized, and the adjustment can be carried out in real time after the control of a computer is matched, thereby meeting the more flexible processing requirement. The structure and the function can be changed and added to a certain extent on the basis of the existing structure, and the cost is well controlled.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional structural view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the lift adjustment cartridge of the present invention, at the outer and inner fulcrum plates.

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the lock mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a side view of the driving mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the drive mechanism of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1-5 show a metal 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The powder feeding mechanism comprises an outer cylinder wall 01, an inner cylinder wall 02, a powder feeding nozzle outer ring, a powder feeding nozzle inner ring and a lifting adjusting cylinder 06 which can be assembled together, wherein the powder feeding nozzle outer ring and the powder feeding nozzle inner ring are respectively composed of a plurality of outer movable support plates 04 and inner movable support plates 05 which are circumferentially symmetrically distributed and are mutually lapped, and the powder feeding nozzle outer ring and the powder feeding nozzle inner ring jointly form a conical powder feeding nozzle with a closed circumferential direction; the outer movable support plate 04 and the inner movable support plate 05 are respectively connected with the outer cylinder wall 01 and the inner cylinder wall 02 through hinges; the outer movable support plate 04 and the inner movable support plate 05 are provided with linkage mechanisms, so that the outer movable support plate 04 can drive the inner movable support plate 05 to correspondingly rotate around the hinge; the linkage mechanism is a local protrusion 00 with a smooth upper surface, the local protrusion 00 is fixed on the inner surface of the outer movable support plate 04, and the upper surface of the local protrusion 00 is in slidable contact with the inner movable support plate 05 and can slide along the outer surface of the inner movable support plate 05; the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 can be rotatably arranged at the end part of the outer cylinder wall 01 and can move up and down at a relative position when rotating, the lower edge of the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 can be in slidable contact with the outer surface of the outer movable support plate 04 and can adjust the axial included angle between the outer movable support plate 04 and the outer cylinder wall 01 when moving up and down; a lens mounting rack 07 is arranged at the rear part of the outer cylinder wall 01, and a focusing lens 08 is arranged in the lens mounting rack 07; the lens mounting rack 07 comprises a lower support 071 and an upper support 072, the lower support 071 is fixedly mounted with the outer cylinder wall 01, the upper support 072 is rotatably arranged at the end part of the lower support 071 and moves up and down in relative position when rotating, and the focusing lens 08 is arranged at the upper support 072; the lifting adjusting device comprises a lifting adjusting cylinder 06 and an upper bracket 072, and is characterized by further comprising a synchronous adjusting mechanism 1 and a driving mechanism 2, wherein the synchronous adjusting mechanism 1 comprises a clamping frame 11, a linkage shaft 12, an upper linkage gear 13 and a lower linkage gear 14, the upper linkage gear 13 and the lower linkage gear 14 are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the linkage shaft 12 for linkage, the linkage shaft 12 is rotatably arranged on the clamping frame 11, the clamping frame 11 is detachably arranged on the outer cylinder wall 01, matching teeth 3 are respectively arranged on the outer walls of the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 and the upper bracket 072, the lower linkage gear 14 is meshed and linked with the matching teeth 3 of the lifting adjusting cylinder 06, the upper linkage gear 13 is meshed and linked with the matching teeth 3 of the upper bracket 072, and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 synchronously adjusts the upper position and the lower position of the upper bracket 072 when the axial included angle between; the driving mechanism 2 is arranged on the clamping frame 11, and the driving mechanism 2 drives the linkage shaft 12 to rotate.

When the metal 3D printing device is used, other parts can be realized by adopting the prior art, and the coaxial powder feeding mechanism adopts the technical scheme of the invention. The coaxial powder feeding mechanism is based on the existing structure. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the outer ring of the powder feeding nozzle is composed of 8 outer movable support plates 04 (the number of the outer movable support plates can be a positive integer greater than 3) which are symmetrically distributed along the circumferential direction, the inner ring of the powder feeding nozzle is composed of 8 inner movable support plates 05 (the number of the inner movable support plates can be a positive integer greater than 3) which are symmetrically distributed along the circumferential direction, the outer movable support plates 04 and the inner movable support plates 05 are respectively overlapped, and the outer ring of the powder feeding nozzle and the inner ring of the powder feeding nozzle jointly form a conical powder feeding nozzle which is closed along the circumferential direction; the outer movable support plate 04 and the inner movable support plate 05 are respectively connected with the outer cylinder wall 01 and the inner cylinder wall 02 through hinges, so that the up-and-down rotation can be realized; the number of the outer movable support plates 04 can be the same as or different from that of the inner movable support plates 05, the outer movable support plates are isosceles trapezoids, and the side length of one end connected with the hinge is larger than that of the opposite end. A linkage mechanism is arranged between the outer movable support plate 04 and the inner movable support plate 05, so that the outer movable support plate 04 can drive the inner movable support plate 05 to rotate correspondingly around the hinge; the linkage mechanism is a local protrusion 00 with a smooth upper surface, the local protrusion 00 is fixed on the inner surface of the outer movable support plate 04, the upper surface of the local protrusion 00 is in slidable contact with the inner movable support plate 05 and can slide along the outer surface of the inner movable support plate 05, and therefore when the outer movable support plate 04 rotates upwards or downwards, the inner movable support plate 05 rotates upwards or downwards along with the outer movable support plate 04. The lifting adjusting cylinder 06 and the outer cylinder wall 01 can be connected through threads, and the lower edge of the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 is in slidable contact with the outer surface of the outer movable support plate 04. The upper part of the inner cylinder wall 02 is provided with a protective lens 031 which can prevent the laser head from being damaged by the flying of the powder heated by the laser. The outer cylinder wall 01 is provided with a cooling water cavity, and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are arranged, so that the temperature around the protective lens 031 is reduced through cooling water circulation, and the protective lens is prevented from being heated and cracked. A plurality of powder-carrying air inlets are uniformly arranged on the outer cylinder wall 01. The 8 pieces of inner movable support plates 05 and the 8 pieces of outer movable support plates 04 are respectively overlapped, a part of two adjacent movable support plates are overlapped to form a closed polygon, and the closed polygon, the inner cylinder wall 02 and the outer cylinder wall 01 form a powder conveying channel together.

On the basis of the prior structure, as shown in fig. 1, 3, 4 and 5, a laser coaxial powder feeding head is connected with a laser head, the laser head comprises a lens mounting rack 07, the lens mounting rack 07 comprises a lower support 071 and an upper support 072, and a focusing lens 08 in the upper support 072 focuses a passing laser beam; the lower holder 071 acts as a fixed structure to keep the laser head stable, and the position of the focusing lens 08 is adjusted by the movement of the upper holder 072. The synchronous adjusting mechanism 1 is arranged to realize synchronous up-and-down movement of the upper bracket 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06. The clamp frame 11 is a detachable structure and can be selectively arranged on the outer cylinder wall 01 by a user, so that the coaxial powder feeding mechanism is endowed with the functions that the upper bracket 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 move up and down synchronously, and the position of a powder convergence point is consistent with that of a laser focus; when the powder feeder is detached, the lower bracket 071 and the upper bracket 072 can be fixed through the existing fastener structure, and the coaxial powder feeding mechanism keeps the original use function, so that the powder feeder is suitable for the specific requirements of different users. After the upper linkage gear 13, the linkage shaft 12 and the lower linkage gear 14 in the synchronous adjusting mechanism 1 are installed on the coaxial powder feeding mechanism, the upper bracket 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 are specifically linked to realize a linkage function, and the transmission is stable in a gear meshing mode. The drive mechanism 2 further arranged can realize the automatic proceeding of synchronous adjustment, and can be adjusted in real time after being matched with the computer control, thereby meeting the more flexible processing requirement, avoiding the waste of the stop time caused by the original manual adjustment, and improving the processing efficiency to ensure the yield.

When the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 moves upward, the inner movable support plate 05 and the outer movable support plate 04 rotate around the hinge to lift up, so that the outlet at the tail end of the powder feeding channel moves upward, the convergent point of the powder flow is lifted up compared with the original point, meanwhile, the lower linkage gear 14 is driven to rotate, the linkage shaft 12 and the upper linkage gear 13 synchronously transmit the rotation to the upper support 072 to enable the upper support 072 to move upward, and the laser focus is lifted up compared with the original point. On the contrary, when the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 moves downwards, the inner movable support plate 05 and the outer movable support plate 04 fall down, the outlet at the tail end of the powder feeding channel moves downwards, the convergent point of the powder flow descends earlier, and meanwhile, the upper support 072 moves downwards due to the movement of the synchronous adjusting mechanism 1, so that the laser focus descends more originally. Therefore, the convergent point of the powder flow and the concentration distribution of the powder are changed, and the convergent point of the powder flow and the laser focus are not changed, so that the specific processing requirement is met.

As a modified embodiment, the upper linkage gear 13 includes a main gear 131 and a pinion gear 132, the main gear 131 and the pinion gear 132 are engaged with each other and respectively driven by the linkage shaft 12 and the upper bracket 072, the sizes of the main gear 131 and the pinion gear 132 are different, so that the rotation angles of the upper bracket 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 are different, and the powder convergence point and the laser focus are adapted and overlapped after the upper bracket 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 are synchronously moved up and down.

As shown in fig. 1, the change of the powder convergence point caused by the rotation of the outer movable support plate 04 and the inner movable support plate 05 is not completely synchronous with the change of the laser focus caused by the movement of the focusing lens 08, so that the proportional up-and-down movement of the upper support 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 can be realized through the design of the gear set; specifically, the main gear 131 and the pinion 132 with different sizes at the upper linkage gear 13 are adopted to change the rotation speed between the upper bracket 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06, so that the change of the final powder convergence point and the change of the laser focus can be synchronized under the condition that the position changes of the outer movable support plate 04 and the inner movable support plate 05 and the position changes of the focusing lens 08 are different, the condition that the two can be overlapped is met, and the function is realized. The size parameters of the specific gear set can be selected and determined according to the sizes of specific other parts and the specific deviation condition during the matching movement, and the processing requirements of metal 3D printing devices with different specifications can be met.

As an improved specific embodiment, the clamping frame 11 includes a pair of semi-annular sub-frames 111, the upper end of the outer cylinder wall 01 has a cylindrical connector 09, the lower frame 071 and the outer cylinder wall 01 are sleeved and connected by the cylindrical connector 09, the inner side of the sub-frame 111 has a clamping groove 112 adapted to the cylindrical connector 09, the pair of sub-frames 111 are positioned and clamped at the cylindrical connector 09 by the clamping groove 112, and the two ends of the sub-frame 111 are provided with fasteners for mounting and fixing; a sub-mounting rack 113 extending up and down is arranged on one sub-rack 111, a rotary hole 114 for the linkage shaft 12 to be rotatably matched therein is vertically arranged on the sub-mounting rack 113, and mounting cavities 115 for the upper linkage gear 13 and the lower linkage gear 14 to be accommodated are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the sub-mounting rack 113.

As shown in fig. 1, the original design of the cylindrical connector 09 is adopted, so that the manufacturing cost of structural modification can be reduced without modifying a mold, and what is needed to be changed is the matching structure of the lens mounting frame 07. Based on the structure of the cylindrical connector 09, the specific structure of the clamping frame 11 is designed, namely a pair of semi-annular sub-frames 111, and the sub-frames can be matched and limited to be arranged at the cylindrical connector 09 through the clamping grooves 112, so that the fixing of the upper and lower positions is ensured; the pair of clamping frames 11 can be positioned at the column-shaped connector 09 through matching, so that the assembly and disassembly are convenient, the upper linkage gear 13 and the lower linkage gear 14 are respectively in contact engagement and separation with the matching teeth 3 of the upper bracket 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06, and interference can not be generated. One sub-frame 111 is used for arranging the sub-mounting frame 113, the rotating hole 114 in the sub-mounting frame 113 can be specifically provided with an existing structure such as a bearing to meet the requirements of limiting and rotating of the linkage shaft 12, the upper portion and the lower portion of the sub-mounting frame are respectively provided with the mounting cavity 115 for the upper linkage gear 13 and the lower linkage gear 14 to be rotatably mounted and accommodated, the structure is simple and convenient to manufacture, the sub-mounting frame is centrally arranged on one side of the coaxial powder feeding mechanism, and the arrangement of other parts is not influenced.

As an improved embodiment, a positioning post 091 is arranged on the cylindrical connector 09, and a positioning groove 092 which is engaged with the positioning post 091 is arranged in the slot 112 of the sub-frame 111.

As shown in fig. 1, the positioning columns 091 and the positioning grooves 092 are arranged to well limit the unique mounting positions of the sub-frame 111, and after the mounting is completed, the upper and lower linkage gears 13 and 14 can be guaranteed to correspond to the upper frame 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 respectively, so that the accurate mounting is realized, the sub-frame 111 cannot be displaced in the using process, the stability of the fit between the structures is improved, and the possibility of abrasion of parts is reduced.

As an improved specific embodiment, the upper rack 072 is sleeved in the lower rack 071, the upper portion of the sub-rack 113 extends to the upper rack 072 to form the approaching portion 116, the approaching portion 116 is provided with a caulking groove 117 downward, and when the clamping frame 11 is mounted on the outer cylinder wall 01 in place, the caulking groove 117 is clamped and limited with the upper end edge of the lower rack 071.

As shown in fig. 1, a close portion 116 is further provided, after the sub-frame 111 and the cylindrical connector 09 are installed, the side edge of the close portion 116 is close to the upper support 072, so that the installation cavity 115 can be closed as much as possible, the matching between the upper linkage gear 13 and the matching teeth 3 is not interfered by external dust, and the dust or impurities are not easy to enter the installation cavity 115. The caulking groove 117 is arranged to be clamped and limited with the upper edge of the lower support 071 after the sub-frame 111 and the cylindrical connector 09 are installed, so that the relative positions of the synchronous adjusting mechanism 1 and the lower support 071 are stabilized, the structures of the two are more stable, the product integrity is improved, and the shaking abrasion possibly generated by the running of parts is reduced.

As an improved specific embodiment, the upper linkage gear 13 and the lower linkage gear 14 are both provided with a locking mechanism 4 in a matching manner, the locking mechanism 4 includes an abutting cam 41, a locking plate 42 and a limiting spring 43, the locking plate 42 is slidably disposed on the sub-mounting bracket 113, the abutting cam 41 is rotatably disposed on the sub-mounting bracket 113 through a rotating shaft 44, an arrangement hole 421 is disposed on the locking plate 42 for accommodating the abutting cam 41 therein, the protruding portion of the abutting cam 41 abuts against the wall of the arrangement hole 421 to urge the locking plate 42 against the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14 when rotating, and a locking tooth 422 for locking the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14 is disposed on one side of the locking plate 42 facing the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14; the stopper spring 43 is provided between the lock plate 42 and the sub-mount 113, and stores potential energy by being compressed or stretched when the stopper plate 42 is stopped by the interference cam 41 to cause the lock teeth 422 to lock the upper or lower link gear 13 or 14, and releases the potential energy to cause the lock plate 42 to be away from the upper or lower link gear 13 or 14 when the lock of the stopper plate 42 is released by the interference cam 41.

As shown in fig. 3, the locking mechanism 4 is arranged to ensure that the upper and lower linkage gears 13 and 14 are locked, and the upper bracket 072 and the lifting adjusting cylinder 06 which are respectively engaged with each other cannot be easily driven by external force to rotate, so as to ensure the stability of the powder convergence point and the laser focus position and ensure the processing cost rate. In practical implementation, the rotating shaft 44 is driven by the driving cylinder 5, so that the position of the interference cam 41 can be ensured to be stable. The lock tooth 422 of the lock plate 42 is abutted against the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14 by the abutting cam 41, and the protruding portion of the abutting cam 41 is aligned to the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14, so that the balance of a structure can be achieved, the sliding direction of the lock plate 42 on the sub-mounting frame 113 is forward close to or away from the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14, even if the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14 is required to rotate by external force, the abutting cam 41 aligned to the lock plate 42 is difficult to be ejected, and the structure is very stable. On the other hand, through the design of the limit spring 43, under the condition that the limit spring 43 does not collide with the cam 41, the locking plate 42 can be ensured to be driven away from the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14 by the restoring force of the limit spring 43, and the normal operation of the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14 is ensured. The specific structure can be designed as shown in fig. 3, a vertical plate is disposed on the sub-mounting frame 113, a square hole is formed on the locking plate 42, the vertical plate is accommodated in the square hole, and the vertical plate and the side wall of the square hole limit the limiting spring 43 to compress and release. Of course, as shown in the figure, it is only one embodiment of the locking mechanism 4, and in reality, different specific structures can be designed according to the structure of the synchronous adjusting mechanism 1 to adapt to the overall structure requirement.

As a modified embodiment, the locking mechanisms 4 of the upper and lower linkage gears 13 and 14 share a rotating shaft 44 to link the two sets of interference cams 41, the rotating shaft 44 extends out of the sub-mounting bracket 113, and the driving cylinder 5 is configured to drive the rotating shaft 44 to rotate.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the above embodiment, as a functional optimization, the two position locking mechanisms 4 are simultaneously controlled by the group of driving cylinders 5, so that the control is unified, the parts are simplified, and the control cost is reduced. During specific implementation, a rack can be arranged on a shaft of the driving cylinder 5, gear teeth are arranged on the rotating shaft 44, the rack and the rotating shaft are meshed for transmission, the driving cylinder 5 extends out and retracts to two stations, and two position states of abutting in place and releasing the abutting can be well provided for the abutting cam 41.

As a modified embodiment, the driving mechanism 2 includes a sliding frame 24 slidably disposed on the sub-mounting frame 113, a driving motor 21 fixedly disposed on the sliding frame 24, a first bevel gear 22 disposed on the shaft of the driving motor 21, and a second bevel gear 23 disposed on the linkage shaft 12, a connecting frame 25 is disposed on the sliding frame 24, and the connecting frame 25 is connected to the shaft of the driving cylinder 5; the driving cylinder 5 has two stations of extending and retracting, one station corresponds to the rotating shaft 44 and moves to the limit locking plate 42 of the interference cam 41 to enable the locking tooth 422 to lock the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14, and meanwhile, the sliding frame 24 slides to separate the first bevel gear 22 and the second bevel gear 23 on the shaft of the driving motor 21; the other station corresponds to that the rotating shaft 44 moves to abut against the cam 41 to release the locking of the locking plate 42, so that the locking tooth 422 is separated from the upper linkage gear 13 or the lower linkage gear 14, and simultaneously, the sliding frame 24 slides to the first bevel gear 22 and the second bevel gear 23 on the shaft of the driving motor 21 to be in meshing transmission.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the driving mechanism 2 and the locking mechanism 4 may collide with each other to damage the components if they are operated simultaneously, and therefore, the above linkage structure is further designed. Specifically, whether a first bevel gear 22 on the shaft of the driving motor 21 is meshed with a second bevel gear 23 on the linkage shaft 12 or not is controlled by a driving cylinder 5; as shown in the figure as an example, the driving cylinder 5 is in a retraction position, at this time, the locking mechanism 4 unlocks the upper linkage gear 13 and the lower linkage gear 14, and simultaneously, the first helical gear 22 and the second helical gear 23 are in a meshed state, and the driving motor 21 can drive the upper linkage gear 13 and the lower linkage gear 14 to rotate; if drive actuating cylinder 5 and stretch out and be in the state of stretching out, drive actuating cylinder 5 drive pivot 44, conflict cam 41, the linkage of lock plate 42, locking tooth 422 locking upper linkage gear 13 or lower linkage gear 14 of lock plate 42, first helical gear 22 and second helical gear 23 separation simultaneously, it does not have things even if the maloperation has started driving motor 21 this moment, structural security has been improved greatly, be favorable to the good cooperation and the long-term use of spare part, avoid the loss that mechanical failure brought. Of course, as shown in the figure, the driving mechanism 2 and the driving cylinder 5 are only one embodiment, and different specific structures can be designed according to the structure of the synchronous adjusting mechanism 1 in reality to adapt to the overall structure requirement.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A metal 3D printing device comprises a coaxial powder feeding mechanism, wherein the coaxial powder feeding mechanism comprises an outer cylinder wall (01), an inner cylinder wall (02), a powder feeding nozzle outer ring, a powder feeding nozzle inner ring and a lifting adjusting cylinder (06), which can be assembled together, the powder feeding nozzle outer ring and the powder feeding nozzle inner ring respectively comprise a plurality of outer movable support plates (04) and inner movable support plates (05) which are circumferentially symmetrically distributed and are respectively overlapped, and the powder feeding nozzle outer ring and the powder feeding nozzle inner ring jointly form a conical powder feeding nozzle with a closed circumferential direction; the outer movable support plate (04) and the inner movable support plate (05) are respectively connected with the outer cylinder wall (01) and the inner cylinder wall (02) through hinges; the outer movable support plate (04) and the inner movable support plate (05) are provided with linkage mechanisms, so that the outer movable support plate (04) can drive the inner movable support plate (05) to rotate around the hinge correspondingly; the linkage mechanism is a local protrusion (00) with a smooth upper surface, the local protrusion (00) is fixed on the inner surface of the outer movable support plate (04), and the upper surface of the local protrusion (00) is in slidable contact with the inner movable support plate (05) and can slide along the outer surface of the inner movable support plate (05); the lifting adjusting cylinder (06) is rotatably arranged at the end part of the outer cylinder wall (01) and moves up and down at a relative position during rotation, the lower edge of the lifting adjusting cylinder (06) is in slidable contact with the outer surface of the outer movable support plate (04) and adjusts the axial included angle between the outer movable support plate (04) and the outer cylinder wall (01) during up and down movement; a lens mounting frame (07) is arranged at the rear part of the outer cylinder wall (01), and a focusing lens (08) is arranged in the lens mounting frame (07);

the method is characterized in that: the lens mounting rack (07) comprises a lower support (071) and an upper support (072), the lower support (071) is fixedly mounted with the outer cylinder wall (01), the upper support (072) is rotatably arranged at the end part of the lower support (071) and moves up and down in relative position during rotation, and the focusing lens (08) is arranged at the upper support (072); still include synchronous adjustment mechanism (1) and actuating mechanism (2), synchronous adjustment mechanism (1) is including card frame (11), universal driving shaft (12), goes up linkage gear (13) and lower linkage gear (14), it sets up respectively in the upper and lower portion of universal driving shaft (12) to go up linkage gear (13) and lower linkage gear (14) and links, universal driving shaft (12) are rotatable to be set up on card frame (11), card frame (11) detachable sets up on outer tube wall (01), lift adjustment section of thick bamboo (06) and upper bracket (072) outer wall all are provided with cooperation tooth (3), cooperation tooth (3) meshing linkage of lower linkage gear (14) and lift adjustment section of thick bamboo (06), go up the cooperation tooth (3) meshing linkage of linkage gear (13) and upper bracket (072), make lift adjustment section of thick bamboo (06) carry out the upper and lower position of upper bracket (072) in step when the axis of activity adjustment outer movable support board (04) and outer tube wall (01) adjust the upper and put up the position of included angle (072) and adjust Finishing; the driving mechanism (2) is arranged on the clamping frame (11), and the driving mechanism (2) drives the linkage shaft (12) to rotate.

2. A metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: go up linkage gear (13) and include master gear (131) and pinion (132), master gear (131) and pinion (132) intermeshing and respectively with universal driving shaft (12), upper bracket (072) cooperation transmission, the size of master gear (131) and pinion (132) is different, makes the rotation angle of upper bracket (072) and lift adjustment section of thick bamboo (06) different, makes the convergence point and the laser focus of powder coincide after upper bracket (072) and lift adjustment section of thick bamboo (06) synchronous movement position from top to bottom.

3. A metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the clamping frame (11) comprises a pair of semi-annular sub-frames (111), a cylindrical connecting body (09) is arranged at the upper end of the outer cylinder wall (01), the lower support (071) and the outer cylinder wall (01) are connected in a sleeved mode through the cylindrical connecting body (09), a clamping groove (112) matched with the cylindrical connecting body (09) is formed in the inner side of each sub-frame (111), the pair of sub-frames (111) are positioned and clamped at the cylindrical connecting body (09) through the clamping groove (112), and fasteners are arranged at two ends of each sub-frame (111) for installation and fixation; the sub-mounting frame (113) extending from top to bottom is arranged on one sub-mounting frame (111), the rotary hole (114) which is matched with the linkage shaft (12) in a rotating mode is vertically formed in the sub-mounting frame (113), and the upper portion and the lower portion of the sub-mounting frame (113) are provided with the mounting cavity (115) which is used for accommodating the linkage gear (13) and the lower linkage gear (14).

4. A metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the cylindrical connector (09) is provided with a positioning column (091), and a positioning groove (092) which is matched with the positioning column (091) and clamped is arranged in the clamping groove (112) of the sub-frame (111).

5. A metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the upper support (072) is sleeved in the lower support (071), the upper part of the sub-mounting frame (113) extends to the upper support (072) to form a close part (116), the close part (116) is downwards provided with a caulking groove (117), and when the clamping frame (11) is installed on the outer cylinder wall (01) in place, the caulking groove (117) is clamped with the edge of the upper end of the lower support (071) for limitation.

6. A metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the upper linkage gear (13) and the lower linkage gear (14) are both provided with a locking mechanism (4) in a matching way, the locking mechanism (4) comprises an abutting cam (41), a locking plate (42) and a limiting spring (43), the locking plate (42) is arranged on the sub-mounting rack (113) in a sliding way, the interference cam (41) is arranged on the sub-mounting rack (113) in a rotating way through a rotating shaft (44), the locking plate (42) is provided with an arrangement hole (421) for accommodating the interference cam (41), when the interference cam (41) rotates, the protruding part is abutted against the wall of the arrangement hole (421) to enable the locking plate (42) to abut against the upper linkage gear (13) or the lower linkage gear (14), and one side, facing the upper linkage gear (13) or the lower linkage gear (14), of the locking plate (42) is provided with a locking tooth (422) used for locking the upper linkage gear (13) or the lower linkage gear (14); spacing spring (43) set up between lock plate (42) and sub-mounting bracket (113) to compressed or tensile and accumulate the potential energy when spacing lock plate (42) of conflict cam (41) makes locking tooth (422) lock linkage gear (13) or lower linkage gear (14), liberate the potential energy when conflict cam (41) releases the locking to lock plate (42) and make lock plate (42) keep away from last linkage gear (13) or lower linkage gear (14).

7. The metal 3D printing device according to claim 6, wherein: the locking mechanism (4) of the upper linkage gear (13) and the lower linkage gear (14) shares one rotating shaft (44) to enable the two sets of conflict cams (41) to be linked, the rotating shaft (44) stretches out of the sub-mounting frame (113), and a driving cylinder (5) is arranged to drive the rotating shaft (44) to rotate.

8. A metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the driving mechanism (2) comprises a sliding frame (24) which can be arranged on the sub-mounting frame (113) in a sliding mode, a driving motor (21) which is fixedly arranged on the sliding frame (24), a first bevel gear (22) which is arranged on a shaft of the driving motor (21) and a second bevel gear (23) which is arranged on the linkage shaft (12), a connecting frame (25) is arranged on the sliding frame (24), and the connecting frame (25) is connected to the shaft of the driving cylinder (5); the driving cylinder (5) is provided with two stations of extending and retracting, one station moves to a limit locking plate (42) of an abutting cam (41) corresponding to the rotating shaft (44) to enable the locking teeth (422) to lock the upper linkage gear (13) or the lower linkage gear (14), and meanwhile, the sliding frame (24) slides to the first bevel gear (22) and the second bevel gear (23) on the shaft of the driving motor (21) to be separated; and the other station moves to an abutting cam (41) corresponding to the rotating shaft (44) to release the locking of the locking plate (42) so that the locking tooth (422) is separated from the upper linkage gear (13) or the lower linkage gear (14), and meanwhile, the sliding frame (24) slides to the first bevel gear (22) and the second bevel gear (23) on the shaft of the driving motor (21) for meshing transmission.

9. A metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the number of the outer movable support plates (04) is the same as that of the inner movable support plates (05), the outer movable support plates are isosceles trapezoids, and the side length of one end connected with the hinge is larger than that of the opposite end.

10. A metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the lifting adjusting cylinder (06) is connected with the outer cylinder wall (01) through threads.