CN109274486A - Reciprocal channel gain construction method in frequency division duplex system based on multi-path separation - Google Patents
Reciprocal channel gain construction method in frequency division duplex system based on multi-path separation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109274486A CN109274486A CN201810830831.XA CN201810830831A CN109274486A CN 109274486 A CN109274486 A CN 109274486A CN 201810830831 A CN201810830831 A CN 201810830831A CN 109274486 A CN109274486 A CN 109274486A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0875—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords based on channel impulse response [CIR]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/02—Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses reciprocal channel gain construction methods in a kind of frequency division duplex system based on multi-path separation, carry out the channel state information that channel estimation obtains synchronization respectively including communicating pair；Multi-path separation is carried out to the channel state information respectively estimated respectively；Frequency amendment is carried out to each path channel gain after separation；Revised result is reconstructed, the channel gain for having height reciprocity is obtained.The present invention can improve the reciprocity of channel gain in frequency division duplex system well, suitable for generating the concrete applications such as the consistent key based on radio channel characteristic under frequency division duplex system.
Description
Technical field
This application involves reciprocal channel gains in wireless communication and field of information encryption more particularly to frequency division duplex system
Construction method.
Background technique
Electromagnetic wave generally will reach receiving end by the propagation path of reflection, diffraction, scattering in communication process, therefore connect
It collects mail number to be always superimposed after multiple reflections, diffraction and scattering by transmission signal and obtain.Due to electromagnetic wave propagation be can
Inverse, therefore, when the uplink and downlink of communication system carries out data transmit-receive using same frequency (such as time division duplex (TDD) mould
Formula), then electromagnetic wave reaches receiving end by a particular path from transmitting terminal, the electromagnetic wave that receiving end issues can also pass through
Identical path reaches transmitting terminal, and under same frequency range, identical transmission path means path loss, time delay and phase compensation all
Be it is identical, only consider physical propagation channel in the case where, it is believed that the wireless channel of uplink and downlink have reciprocity.
The reciprocity of wireless channel can be used in communication system, improve frequency spectrum resource utilization rate and flexibility, for communication
System is simplified terminal device, carries out power control and provided convenience using more advanced multi-antenna technology.Further, it is also possible to
It is generated in wireless channel key.The generation of wireless channel key refers to legitimate correspondence user both sides, by sending and receiving training
Sequence, obtains random wireless channel, and common channel characteristics generate key between the two for utilization, so as to avoid because of cipher key delivery
And possible information leakage.In addition, when the distance between illegal eavesdropper and legitimate correspondence user are more than 1/2 wavelength,
The channel characteristics observed between the channel characteristics and legitimate receiver that listener-in observes can be considered incoherent, have high
Safety.Since the key needs that legitimate correspondence both sides respectively independently generate are with uniformity, it is therefore desirable to the channel of reciprocity
Parameter.
In a tdd system, when uplink and downlink switching rate is sufficiently fast, i.e., duplex times are spaced far is less than channel coherency time
When, wireless uplink and downlink channel gain has height reciprocity.However, uplink and downlink uses different in frequency division duplex (FDD) system
Frequency carry out data transmission and reception, i.e., uplink and downlink uses two symmetrical frequency channels of separation.Due to the two frequencies
There are frequency intervals between channel to prevent uplink and downlink channel from generating interchannel interference, this frequency interval is typically much deeper than channel
Coherence bandwidth, therefore uplink and downlink channel feature exist very big difference.Since the reciprocity of channel characteristics is poor, key
The bit error rate is higher, so the generation of wireless channel key is difficult to be suitable for FDD system.
The prior art there are it is a kind of using passback method building reciprocity compound channel parametric technique come obtain randomness,
The high key of consistency, but there are the risks of information leakage for these methods.If listener-in be truncated to legitimate receiver it
Between return all information in agreement, he is possible to can to deduce the key of legitimate receiver generation.To sum up, at present in frequency division
Effective method there is no to can produce the channel gain of reciprocity in duplex system.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: it is of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, realize a kind of highly safe and convenient practical frequency division
Duplex system security key generation technique, the present invention provides reciprocal channels in a kind of frequency division duplex system based on multi-path separation
Gain construction method.
Technical solution: reciprocal channel gain construction method in a kind of frequency division duplex system based on multi-path separation, including with
Lower step:
Step 1: communicating pair sends mutually known pilot signal in two frequency ranges respectively, and is estimated respectively by channel
Meter obtains the channel state information of synchronization；
Step 2: communicating pair carries out multi-path separation to channel state information respectively, respectively obtains N paths；
Step 3: communicating pair extracts the channel gain of each path respectively, carries out frequency amendment to channel gain, obtains
The channel gain of revised each path；
Step 4: the channel gain of respective revised each path is reconstructed respectively for communicating pair, obtains one group
Symmetric key, using symmetric key as reciprocal channel gain.
Further, in step 1, communicating pair includes first communication party and second communication party, and first communication party is first
Known pilot signal is sent to second communication party in frequency, while second communication party sends on second frequency to first communication party
Identical pilot signal；Second communication party estimates that the channel status of frequency one is believed after receiving the pilot signal that first communication party is sent
Breath, first communication party receive the channel state information of estimation frequency two after the pilot signal that second communication party sends.
Further, in step 2, the method for multi-path separation includes multi-path separation method and multiple antennas in broadband system
Multi-path separation method in system.
Further, in step 3, the modified method of frequency are as follows: the channel frequency dependent constant factor is gained through experience；
The channel gain for the N paths that first communication party separates is adapted in frequency one by first communication party；Second communication party is by second
The channel gain of the N paths of communication party's separation is adapted in frequency two.
Further, in step 4, the method for reconstruct are as follows: communicating pair is respectively by the letter of respective revised each path
Road gain obtains the time-domain signal of each path multiplied by time delay impulse function, and the time-domain signal of respective each path is folded
Add, which is obtained into frequency-region signal after Fourier transformation.
Further, in step 4, the method for reconstruct are as follows: communicating pair by the channel gain combinations of respective each path at
Vector signal.
Further, in wideband OFDM system, channel gain is broadened using Fourier transformation in the time domain, increases symbol
Number interval, carry out multi-path separation；In wide-band spread spectrum system, multipath is told by the autocorrelation performance of spreading code in the time domain
Signal realizes multi-path separation.
Further, in multi-antenna systems, Frequency Estimation or minimum are carried out using MUSIC algorithm and ESPRIT algorithm
Side's estimation carries out the detection and resolution of multipath component；It, will be more using Fourier transformation method in ultra-large multiaerial system
Diameter component is transformed into frequency domain from time domain, carries out multi-path separation further according to frequency domain characteristic.
Further, the channel state information is the channel gain on the same subcarrier of synchronization.
The utility model has the advantages that the present invention provides reciprocal channel gains in a kind of frequency division duplex system based on multi-path separation to construct
Method, compare the prior art, realizes a kind of highly safe and convenient practical FDD system peace from the new angle of safety of physical layer
Full communication method fills up the technological gap in this field.Propagation path according to uplink and downlink channel in frequency division duplex system is basic
The wireless channel gain that channel estimation obtains is separated on different paths by identical principle using multi-path separation technology, and
The frequency of channel gain progress amplitude and phase is corrected and reconstructed on each path, effectively improves channel gain
Reciprocity.
Present invention communicating pair during constructing reciprocal channel gain has no any information of leakage, and listener-in can not obtain
Obtain identical channel gain.Therefore, the wireless channel for converting key for the channel gain of the reciprocity on the basis of the present invention is close
Key generates scheme and has tight security.
Reciprocal channel gain construction method in frequency division duplex system proposed by the present invention based on multi-path separation is suitable for more
Antenna and broadband wireless frequency division duplex system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples.
As shown in Figure 1, reciprocal channel gain construction method mainly includes four in the frequency division duplex system based on multi-path separation
A step: channel estimation, multi-path separation, channel gain amendment and channel reconstruction.It is described in detail separately below.
Step 1: defining first and second is the legitimate correspondence both sides in ofdm system, i.e. first communication party and second communication party.
Firstly, both sides are respectively in frequency range f1With frequency range f2The upper known pilot vector S that sends mutually obtains channel estimation results.DefinitionWithThe respectively t moment that is detected according to the methods of channel estimation of first and second, first of subcarrier
On channel gain.
Step 2: communicating pair carries out multi-path separation to channel state information respectively, respectively obtains N paths.
The method of multi-path separation includes the multi-path separation method in broadband system and the multi-path separation side in multiaerial system
Method:
In wideband OFDM system, channel gain is broadened using Fourier transformation in the time domain, increases mark space, into
Row multi-path separation；In wide-band spread spectrum system, multipath signal is told by the autocorrelation performance of spreading code in the time domain, realized
Multi-path separation.
In multi-antenna systems, using MUSIC algorithm and ESPRIT algorithm carry out Frequency Estimation or least mean-square estimate into
The detection and resolution of row multipath component；In ultra-large multiaerial system, using Fourier transformation method by multipath component from
Time domain is transformed into frequency domain, carries out multi-path separation further according to frequency domain characteristic.
The present embodiment is wideband OFDM system, the specific steps of multi-path separation are as follows: first utilizes Fourier transformation by frequency domain
Channel gainDelay domain is transformed to,
Wherein L is ofdm system sub-carrier number.WhenWhen, then it is assumed thatFor an active path.First is through excessive
The channel gain of N active path is obtained after diameter separation
Similarly, second utilizes Fourier transformation by frequency-domain channel gainDelay domain is transformed to,WhenWhen, then it is assumed that
For an active path.Second obtains the channel gain of N active path after multi-path separation
Step 3: communicating pair extracts the channel gain of each path respectively, carries out frequency amendment to channel gain, obtains
The channel gain of revised each path.
Channel gain is modified, and specific step is as follows: first and second respectively to the channel gain of respective N active path into
Row coefficient amendment.First and second are respectively to the i-th paths gainWithIt converts as follows:
WithWherein α is the relevant invariant of a channel frequency, can be gained through experience.
Step 4: the channel gain of respective revised each path is reconstructed respectively for communicating pair, and first and second will
Revised channel gain combinations are the vector for having high similarityWithOne group of symmetric key is obtained, using symmetric key as reciprocal channel gain.
Claims (9)
1. reciprocal channel gain construction method in a kind of frequency division duplex system based on multi-path separation, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
Step 1: communicating pair sends mutually known pilot signal in two frequency ranges respectively, and is obtained respectively by channel estimation
Take the channel state information of synchronization；
Step 2: communicating pair carries out multi-path separation to channel state information respectively, respectively obtains N paths；
Step 3: communicating pair extracts the channel gain of each path respectively, carries out frequency amendment to channel gain, is corrected
The channel gain of each path afterwards；
Step 4: the channel gain of respective revised each path is reconstructed respectively for communicating pair, obtain one group it is symmetrical
Key, using symmetric key as reciprocal channel gain.
2. reciprocal channel gain construction method in the frequency division duplex system according to claim 1 based on multi-path separation,
Be characterized in that, in step 1, communicating pair includes first communication party and second communication party, first communication party on the first frequency channel to
Second communication party sends known pilot signal, while second communication party sends identical lead to first communication party on second frequency
Frequency signal；The channel state information of estimation frequency one after the pilot signal that second communication party's reception first communication party is sent, first
Communication party receives the channel state information of estimation frequency two after the pilot signal that second communication party sends.
3. reciprocal channel gain construction method in the frequency division duplex system according to claim 1 based on multi-path separation,
It is characterized in that, in step 2, the method for multi-path separation includes in multi-path separation method and multiaerial system in broadband system
Multi-path separation method.
4. reciprocal channel gain construction method in the frequency division duplex system according to claim 2 based on multi-path separation,
It is characterized in that, in step 3, the modified method of frequency are as follows: the channel frequency dependent constant factor is gained through experience；First communication
The channel gain of the N paths of first communication party separation is adapted in frequency one by side；Second communication party divides second communication party
From the channel gains of N paths be adapted in frequency two.
5. reciprocal channel gain construction method in the frequency division duplex system according to claim 1 based on multi-path separation,
It is characterized in that, in step 4, the method for reconstruct are as follows: communicating pair respectively multiplies the channel gain of respective revised each path
The time-domain signal of each path is obtained with time delay impulse function, and the time-domain signal of respective each path is overlapped, by this
Superimposed signal obtains frequency-region signal after Fourier transformation.
6. reciprocal channel gain construction method in the frequency division duplex system according to claim 1 based on multi-path separation,
It is characterized in that, in step 4, the method for reconstruct are as follows: communicating pair believes the channel gain combinations of respective each path at vector
Number.
7. reciprocal channel gain construction method in the frequency division duplex system according to claim 3 based on multi-path separation,
It is characterized in that, in wideband OFDM system, is broadened channel gain in the time domain using Fourier transformation, increase mark space,
Carry out multi-path separation；In wide-band spread spectrum system, multipath signal is told by the autocorrelation performance of spreading code in the time domain, it is real
Existing multi-path separation.
8. reciprocal channel gain construction method in the frequency division duplex system according to claim 3 based on multi-path separation,
Be characterized in that, in multi-antenna systems, using MUSIC algorithm and ESPRIT algorithm carry out Frequency Estimation or least mean-square estimate into
The detection and resolution of row multipath component；In ultra-large multiaerial system, using Fourier transformation method by multipath component from
Time domain is transformed into frequency domain, carries out multi-path separation further according to frequency domain characteristic.
9. reciprocal channel gain construction method in the frequency division duplex system according to claim 1 based on multi-path separation,
It is characterized in that, the channel state information is the channel gain on the same subcarrier of synchronization.
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