CN109257077B - Novel spatial modulation method combining Huffman coding and BCH coding - Google Patents
Novel spatial modulation method combining Huffman coding and BCH coding Download PDFInfo
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- CN109257077B CN109257077B CN201811362068.9A CN201811362068A CN109257077B CN 109257077 B CN109257077 B CN 109257077B CN 201811362068 A CN201811362068 A CN 201811362068A CN 109257077 B CN109257077 B CN 109257077B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
- H03M13/13—Linear codes
- H03M13/15—Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/40—Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
- H04B7/0608—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel spatial modulation method combining Huffman coding and BCH coding, which refers to the antenna selection principle of an antenna selection technology, forms a closed signal loop, and adopts a quantization method when processing a probability matrix, thereby greatly reducing the complexity and the error rate of decoding; the invention combines the source coding and the channel coding technology to improve and optimize the traditional spatial modulation technology, wherein the Huffman coding technology not only reduces the information bits required by the serial number of the transmission antenna, but also provides more bits for the transmission signal and increases the channel capacity. Simulation results show that the improved spatial modulation technology is obviously superior to the traditional spatial modulation technology in terms of bit error rate, the channel capacity is increased, and the hardware complexity of a receiving end is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a novel spatial modulation method combining Huffman coding and BCH coding.
Background
In recent decades, MIMO transmission technology based on multiple antennas has been developed rapidly in the field of wireless communication, but MIMO systems exist in practical applications: strong interference between channels, difficult guarantee of multi-antenna synchronization, cost increase caused by a plurality of radio frequency links, the number of receiving antennas must be more than that of transmitting antennas and the like. In actual terminal communication such as mobile phone, the defect of MIMO is more serious.
Spatial modulation techniques can effectively avoid the above-mentioned problems. The spatial modulation technique has the following characteristics: only one radio frequency link is needed, so that the cost is low; the digital modulation two-dimensional mapping is expanded into three-dimensional mapping, so that the error rate is reduced; the antenna can work normally under the condition that the number of receiving antennas is less than that of transmitting antennas; only one antenna is used for transmitting information each time, so that the complexity of a transmitting end and a receiving end is reduced.
The spatial modulation technology has received wide attention since the invention, and has been developed rapidly in recent years, and there are many new developments.
(1) Generalized spatial modulation techniques, combining spatial modulation with spatial diversity techniques. In a generalized spatial modulation system, a subset of the transmitting antenna combinations is selected for transmission, and compared with the single antenna transmission in the traditional modulation, the number of the selection of the transmitting mode can be obviously increased, and higher spectrum utilization rate is achieved.
(2) And the space shift keying carries information only through the sequence number of the transmitting terminal activated antenna to complete the modulation of the input bit stream.
(3) And generalized space shift keying is adopted, and a plurality of antennas are selected to be combined to form a space domain constellation point so as to achieve the optimal system performance.
(4) The grid code modulation divides the transmitting antenna into several blocks to make the maximum possible Euclidean distance between adjacent symbols, thereby reducing the correlation between the antennas.
As an innovative modulation technique, the spatial modulation technique has significant advantages in many practical wireless communication application scenarios, but still has many problems to be solved:
(1) spatial modulation has a limit on the number of transmit antennas and must be an n-th power of 2.
(2) The performance of the technology depends on the difference of channel gains among transmitting antennas, and the technology has strong dependence on channel conditions.
(3) Spatial modulation techniques by themselves do not provide transmit diversity and need to be achieved by means of coding techniques. The search for coding techniques that incorporate this aspect has just begun.
(4) The spatial modulation technique requires antenna selection, the antenna needs to be kept in a selected state for a long time, and a transmission signal is delayed due to pulse shaping in switching of a transmission antenna. Fast switching of the radio frequency link is limited.
With the increase of related research in recent years, the spatial modulation technology has some important application scenes. There are many areas to be explored, such as combinations of modulation techniques with channel coding techniques like Turbo codes, LDPC codes, polar codes, etc. In addition, the spatial modulation belongs to a physical layer transmission technology, and can be combined with a green communication concept to compromise and optimize system capacity and energy consumption, which is also a novel research field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a novel spatial modulation method combining Huffman coding and BCH coding, so that the accuracy of information transmission is improved, and the error rate is reduced.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a novel spatial modulation method combining huffman coding and BCH coding, which includes the following steps:
(1) a feedback loop is established between a receiving end and a transmitting end, and the communication quality of each antenna detected by the receiving end is transmitted back to the transmitting end in real time in the form of a probability matrix;
(2) the transmitting end carries out one-step preprocessing on the information to be transmitted and uses BCH coding to improve the accuracy of communication;
(3) the information coded by BCH is divided into two parts, one part is transmitted from a radio frequency link after being modulated traditionally, and the other part is contained in the serial number of the selected antenna after being coded by Huffman;
(4) and the receiving end carries out quantization processing on the received probability matrix, and takes the probability matrix as a probability matrix of Huffman coding to carry out Huffman coding on the antenna information in the sending information.
Preferably, in step (1), each element in the probability matrix selected by each antenna transmitted back by the receiving end must be an integer power of 2.
Preferably, in step (4), the step of quantizing the received probability matrix at the transmitting end specifically includes: the original probability value is 0-0.1, and the quantization probability value is 0; the original probability value is 0.1-0.2, and the quantization probability value is 1/8; the original probability value is 0.2-0.4, and the quantization probability value is 1/4; the original probability value is 0.4-0.6, and the quantization probability value is 1/2; the original probability value is 0.6-1, and the quantization probability value is 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the quality of the antenna selected by the transmitting terminal is greatly improved by the real-time feedback of the antenna selection probability matrix, the accuracy of information transmission is improved, and the error rate is reduced; meanwhile, the channel capacity is increased by using the Huffman coding, and the error rate of transmitted information is reduced by using the BCH coding in a redundancy check mode; simulation results show that the bit error rate of the spatial modulation technology provided by the invention is reduced by 3dB compared with the traditional spatial modulation technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna selection process of spatial modulation technique according to the present invention by taking transmission of 3Bit information, 2 transmitting antennas, 4-order modulation, and 4 receiving antennas as an example.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the bit error rate comparison between the conventional spatial modulation technique, the conventional spatial modulation technique of huffman coding, and the spatial modulation technique of BCH coding and the spatial modulation technique combining huffman coding and BCH coding proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the conventional spatial modulation technique, the spatial modulation technique of huffman coding, and the spatial modulation technique of huffman coding after the probability matrix quantization processing is added in terms of bit error rate.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a novel spatial modulation method combining huffman coding and BCH coding includes the following steps:
(1) a feedback loop is established between a receiving end and a transmitting end, and the communication quality of each antenna detected by the receiving end is transmitted back to the transmitting end in real time in the form of a probability matrix;
(2) the transmitting end carries out one-step preprocessing on the information to be transmitted and uses BCH coding to improve the accuracy of communication;
(3) the information coded by BCH is divided into two parts, one part is transmitted from a radio frequency link after being modulated traditionally, and the other part is contained in the serial number of the selected antenna after being coded by Huffman;
(4) and the receiving end carries out quantization processing on the received probability matrix, and takes the probability matrix as a probability matrix of Huffman coding to carry out Huffman coding on the antenna information in the sending information.
The basic principle of the spatial modulation technique is to divide the information bit stream transmitted through an antenna in each time slot into two parts, and one part of the information is subjected to conventional modulation, such as PSK, QAM, etc., and the processing steps of the conventional transmitted information are the same. And the other part is mapped to a corresponding antenna through binary coding and is transmitted. Thus, the antenna serial number also bears part of the sending information, and the utilization rate of the system can be effectively improved. At the receiving end, however, the simple modulation operation is more accurate and less complex than simply estimating the transmit antenna number of the information. Therefore, although the information division can improve the system utilization rate and the channel capacity, the error rate of the system has a great improvement space. In addition, since the information contained in the bits representing the antenna serial number is random, that is, the probability of activation is the same for each antenna regardless of the quality. Thus, the communication quality of the system depends largely on the quality of the channel.
The antenna selection technique is just opposite to the spatial modulation technique in principle in the selection of antennas, and the antenna link with the best quality is selected to be activated. Therefore, the communication quality of the system is only related to the quality of the best antenna and is not related to other antennas, and the stability of the system is greatly improved.
The present invention seeks to combine the advantages of both techniques to create a new, more sophisticated spatial modulation technique. First, the present invention needs to construct a Feedback link between the receiving end and the transmitting end, i.e. a Feedback Path in fig. 1 is illustrated, for transmitting back the real-time antenna quality detected by the receiving end. Therefore, the transmitting end can select the antenna with the best communication quality to transmit information according to the feedback information. Because information can only be transmitted between the transmitting end and the receiving end in the form of binary bit streams, the fed back real-time antenna quality information is fed back to the transmitting end in the form of quantized antenna selection probability matrixes. All elements of the matrix are
To the power of an integer.
There is a significant problem in quantifying the probability matrix for antenna selection. According to the above-mentioned quantization criterion, all the elements should be
To the power of an integer. In practical applications, however, there are often antennas with excellent communication conditions, which are selected with a probability much higher than 50%. At this time, use
There may be a large error in describing the probability that the antenna is selected. Since this means that the remaining antennas with very poor quality are also selected with a 50% probability, which undoubtedly reduces the communication quality. For this reason, we combine the experience of literature and simulation to quantize the probability of being selected to 1 for antennas with a probability of being selected higher than 65%. The processing for this case is the same as the principles of the antenna selection technique.
To this end, we have the information to be transmitted and the selection probability matrix for each antenna. The next most critical step is how to relate the two, i.e. how to include the probability information of selecting an antenna in the information to be communicated. And, the information to be transferred is completely random for the transmitting end.
Huffman coding is a variable word length coding scheme. In computer data processing, Huffman coding uses a variable length coding table to code a source symbol (such as a letter in a file), wherein the variable length coding table is obtained by a method for evaluating the occurrence probability of the source symbol, letters with high occurrence probability use shorter codes, and conversely letters with low occurrence probability use longer codes, so that the average length and the expected value of a character string after coding are reduced, and the purpose of lossless data compression is achieved.
For example, in English, the probability of occurrence of e is highest, and the probability of occurrence of z is lowest. When huffman coding is used to compress an english word, e is most likely represented by one bit, while z may take 25 bits (not 26). In the conventional representation method, each english alphabet occupies one byte (8 bits). In contrast, e uses the length of 1/8 for the general code, and z uses more than 3 times. If we can achieve more accurate estimation of the probability of each letter in english, we can greatly improve the ratio of lossless compression.
The characteristics of Huffman coding just meet the requirements of people. I will now enumerate a simple model of four transmit antennas to illustrate the application of huffman coding in the present invention. Suppose the probabilities of four antennas being selected are 0.5,0.25,0.125, respectively. Four antennas are huffman coded, 1,01,001,000 respectively. Huffman coding is a type of prefix code. When decoding, 1 is detected, i.e., the antenna 1 is identified, and the following bit is not identified as the decoded part, and decoding ends. If a 0 is detected, the next bit continues to be detected. If the number is 1, the antenna is the number 2 antenna, and the decoding is finished; if 0 is detected, the next bit is detected continuously, and so on. Obviously, the more probable antenna is selected, the shorter the length of its code.
Therefore, only one Huffman dictionary needs to be constructed according to the fed-back antenna selection probability matrix, when the information to be sent is detected, the first bits of the information to be sent in each time slot are taken as prefix codes, and the corresponding antennas can be distributed according to the constructed Huffman dictionary decoding. As can be seen from the characteristics of huffman coding, the longer the antenna with the higher probability of being selected, the shorter the code length, and therefore the fewer bits occupied in the total information. This means that more bits are saved to convey information, increasing channel capacity.
When receiving information, the receiving end first estimates through which antenna the information is transmitted. Similarly, there is a probability matrix for antenna selection at the receiving end, which means that the receiving end can perform huffman coding according to the estimated antenna serial number to obtain the original information. The essence of the method is that the antenna serial number is used for transmitting partial information, thereby increasing the channel capacity and improving the frequency spectrum utilization rate of the system. However, it is clear that the error rate of the information obtained by simple modulation and demodulation operations is much lower than the error rate of the information recovered from the estimated antenna number. The bit error rate of spatial modulation systems is a hot spot of research in this few years.
The BCH code is a cyclic error correction code and can correct a plurality of random errors. The last step of the present invention is BCH encoding before the information enters modulation. One step of error correction coding is added to reduce the error rate of the system as much as possible.
Simulation results as shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the two innovations of the present invention can significantly reduce the bit error rate of the system.
Claims (3)
1. A novel spatial modulation method combining Huffman coding and BCH coding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) a feedback loop is established between a receiving end and a transmitting end, and the communication quality of each antenna detected by the receiving end is transmitted back to the transmitting end in real time in the form of a probability matrix; constructing a feedback link between the receiving end and the transmitting end for transmitting back the real-time antenna quality detected by the receiving end; thus, the transmitting terminal selects the antenna with the best communication quality to transmit information according to the feedback information; because the information can only be transmitted between the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal in the form of binary bit streams, the fed back real-time antenna quality information is fed back to the transmitting terminal in the form of quantized antenna selection probability matrixes; all elements of the matrix are
To the power of an integer of;
(2) the transmitting end carries out one-step preprocessing on the information to be transmitted and uses BCH coding to improve the accuracy of communication;
(3) the information coded by BCH is divided into two parts, one part is transmitted from a radio frequency link after being modulated traditionally, and the other part is contained in the serial number of the selected antenna after being coded by Huffman;
(4) and the receiving end carries out quantization processing on the received probability matrix, and takes the probability matrix as a probability matrix of Huffman coding to carry out Huffman coding on the antenna information in the sending information.
2. The novel spatial modulation method combining huffman coding and BCH coding according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), each element of the probability matrix selected by each antenna returned by the receiving end must be an integer power of 2.
3. The novel spatial modulation method combining huffman coding and BCH coding according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the quantizing processing of the received probability matrix at the transmitting end specifically includes: the original probability value is 0-0.1, and the quantization probability value is 0; the original probability value is 0.1-0.2, and the quantization probability value is 1/8; the original probability value is 0.2-0.4, and the quantization probability value is 1/4; the original probability value is 0.4-0.6, and the quantization probability value is 1/2; the original probability value is 0.6-1, and the quantization probability value is 1.
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| CN102571674A (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2012-07-11 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Device and method for self-adoptive code modulating of finite feedback multi-antenna OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system |
| CN104618072A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-13 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Method for encoding and modulating logical frame signaling channel in NGB-W system |
| CN104813604A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2015-07-29 | 索尼公司 | Receiver for receiving data in a broadcast system using redundancy data |
| CN108173582A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-06-15 | 东南大学 | A kind of modulating method and system based on transmit-receive combination pattern |
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| US6571361B1 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 2003-05-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Encoder and decoder |
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| CN102571674A (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2012-07-11 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Device and method for self-adoptive code modulating of finite feedback multi-antenna OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system |
| CN104813604A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2015-07-29 | 索尼公司 | Receiver for receiving data in a broadcast system using redundancy data |
| CN104618072A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-13 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Method for encoding and modulating logical frame signaling channel in NGB-W system |
| CN108173582A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-06-15 | 东南大学 | A kind of modulating method and system based on transmit-receive combination pattern |
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