CN109238990A - A kind of gas concentration detection system and method - Google Patents
A kind of gas concentration detection system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109238990A CN109238990A CN201811315098.4A CN201811315098A CN109238990A CN 109238990 A CN109238990 A CN 109238990A CN 201811315098 A CN201811315098 A CN 201811315098A CN 109238990 A CN109238990 A CN 109238990A
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present application discloses a kind of gas concentration detection system and method, and light source is connected by the entrance of optical fiber and fiber optic splitter；Two outlets of fiber optic splitter are connect with the entrance of the first collimating mirror and optical delay line respectively by optical fiber, wherein the object light for being transmitted to the first collimating mirror is smaller than the reference light intensity for being transmitted to optical delay line；One entrance of optical-fiber bundling device is connect by optical fiber with the second collimating mirror, another entrance is connected by the outlet of optical fiber and optical delay line, wherein the second collimating mirror is for receiving the object light that under test gas is projected and passed through from the first collimating mirror；Optical delay line keeps the optical path difference of reference light and object light in coherence length for periodically adjusting the light path of reference light；The outlet of optical-fiber bundling device is connect by optical fiber with intensity detector.Solve existing optical method there is technical issues that lower detection limit and.
Description
Technical field
This application involves gas detection technology field more particularly to a kind of gas concentration detection system and methods.
Background technique
In recent years, as atmosphere polluting problem is more prominent, the environmental consciousness of people is also gradually increased with health perception, right
The concern of environmental quality promotes the fast development of Gas Thickness Detecting Technology.
Gas Thickness Detecting Technology is widely used in industrial circle, apply more process control, petrochemical industry, safety of coal mines with
And during industrial discharge etc., it is mainly used for monitoring poisonous and harmful and flammable explosive gas, and to the gas group that scientific research needs
It is detected and is monitored at ingredient.Currently, Gas Thickness Detecting Technology focuses primarily upon optical method, electrochemical process, catalysis burning
Method, gas chromatography etc..Wherein electrochemical process is at low cost but influence vulnerable to environment temperature and humidity and electrode fouling, accuracy
Not high, recycling rate of waterused is poor.Resistance variations caused by Production by Catalytic Combustion Process is burnt by measurement obtain concentration value.System stability
Not high, sensitivity is low, needs periodic calibration and replacement.Gas-chromatography can separate multicomponent gas, and obtain corresponding
Concentration, is mainly used for laboratory measurement, and field assay application is more difficult.
In contrast, the advantages of optical method has innate advantage to gas concentration detection, such as highly sensitive and high accuracy, if
The gas concentration detection of extreme environment can also be realized in conjunction with optical fiber sensing technology, and there is electromagnetism interference and fire-retardant
The advantages that explosion-proof.Existing optical method is to acquire light to enter before gas and project the light intensity signal after gas, then basis
Lambert-Beer law calculates absorbance, and wherein the expression formula of absorbance is A=lg (Io/Io'), finally pushed away according to absorbance
Gas concentration is calculated, this method has the following defects although having advantage compared to other methods.
When constituent concentration to be measured in gas is lower, the absorbance meeting very little of gas causes the signal of acquisition can be very weak, very
Into the noise for being submerged in intensity detector, the requirement of lower detection limit and sensitivity cannot be achieved.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of gas concentration detection system and method, solve existing optical method exist compared with
The technical issues of low detection limit and sensitivity.
In view of this, the application first aspect provides a kind of gas concentration detection system, comprising: light source, fiber beam splitting
Device, optical delay line, optical-fiber bundling device, intensity detector, the first collimating mirror and the second collimating mirror；
The light source is connect by optical fiber with the entrance of the fiber optic splitter；
Two of fiber optic splitter outlets by optical fiber respectively with first collimating mirror and the optical delay line
Entrance connection, wherein being transmitted to reference light intensity of the object light of first collimating mirror than being transmitted to the optical delay line
It is small；
One entrance of the optical-fiber bundling device is connect by optical fiber with second collimating mirror, another entrance passes through light
The fine outlet with the optical delay line is connect, wherein second collimating mirror projects simultaneously for receiving from first collimating mirror
Across the object light of under test gas；
The optical delay line is used to periodically adjust the light path of the reference light, and keep the reference light with it is described
The optical path difference of object light is in coherence length；
The outlet of the optical-fiber bundling device is connect by optical fiber with the intensity detector.
Preferably,
The light source includes the laser that can issue multiple wavelength lights.
Preferably,
The light source includes wideband light source and tunable filter；
The tunable filter is for selectively filtering the wideband light source, to generate the light of multi-wavelength.
Preferably,
The light source is optical fiber output light source.
Preferably,
The intensity detector is single point detector.
Preferably,
The gas concentration detection system further includes gas chamber；
Entrance port and exit portal are provided on the gas chamber；
First collimating mirror is arranged at the entrance port, and second collimating mirror is arranged at exit portal.
Preferably,
Light reflection subassembly is provided in the gas chamber, to form the light reflex circuit from the entrance port to the exit portal
Diameter.
Preferably,
The gas chamber is hollow out.
Preferably,
It is ipsilateral that the entrance port and the exit portal are located at the gas chamber.
Preferably,
The smooth reflection subassembly includes the reflecting prism that the entrance port and the exit portal opposite end is arranged in；
The reflecting prism is isosceles right triangle, and the incidence side of the bevel edge of the isosceles right triangle and object light
To vertical with exit direction.
Preferably,
The adjustable extent of the optical delay line is in hundred millimeter magnitudes.
The application second aspect provides a kind of gas concentration detection method, comprising:
The light that light source issues is divided into object light and reference light by fiber optic splitter, wherein the object light is than the reference light
Intensity is small；
Object light is collimated by the first collimating mirror, and the object light after collimation is injected under test gas；
The object light projected from the under test gas is received by the second collimating mirror；
The light path of the reference light is periodically adjusted by optical delay line, while keeping the reference light and the object
The optical path difference of light is in coherence length；
What the object light for being received second collimating mirror by optical fibre optical fibre bundling device and the optical delay line exported
Reference light converges, and forms interference signal；
The light intensity curve that the interference signal is acquired by intensity detector, in terms of according to the light intensity curve
Calculate gas concentration.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiment of the present application has the advantage that
In the embodiment of the present application, fiber optic splitter is first passed through by the light that light source issues and is divided into object light and reference light, wherein object
Light is smaller than reference light intensity；Then object light is collimated by the first collimating mirror, and the object light after collimation is injected into gas to be measured
Body, part object light are absorbed by under test gas；The object light projected under test gas is received by the second collimating mirror again；Meanwhile passing through
Optical delay line periodically adjusts the light path of reference light, while keeping the optical path difference of reference light and object light in coherence length,
Reference light and object light are interfered；The object light and light received the second collimating mirror by optical fibre optical fibre bundling device again
The reference light for learning delay line output converges, and forms interference signal；Light intensity finally by intensity detector acquisition interference signal becomes
Change curve, is changed according to the light intensity of interference signal and calculate under test gas concentration；
Since optical delay line periodically adjusts the light path of reference light, so that collected light intensity curve is one
There are the sinusoidal signals of phase delayWherein IrRepresent reference light, I 'oFor the second collimating mirror
The object light received, φ are phase delay caused by optical delay line；It can determine that light intensity variable quantity is from above-mentioned formulaAverage intensity is M=I 'o+Ir, equivalent absorbance is represented byAnd show
Optical method be according to A=lg (Io/Io') calculate absorbance, wherein IoLight intensity before entering under test gas for object light；Compare
The absorbance expression formula of the embodiment of the present application and the prior art reasonably adjusts reference light it is found that when under test gas concentration is identical
Light intensity, the absorbance A of the absorbance A of the embodiment of the present application ' be greater than in existing optical method, therefore the embodiment of the present application can be made
In gas concentration detection system can have better concentration resolution and lower detection limit；Also, since light intensity changes
Amount and average intensity can be directly read from light intensity curve, so only needing an intensity detector that can complete
The measurement of absorbance, and existing optical method also needs an intensity detector measurement object light to enter the light intensity before under test gas,
Therefore not only at low cost using the gas concentration detection system in the embodiment of the present application, and measurement process is simple.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of gas concentration detection system in the embodiment of the present application.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of gas concentration detection system and method, solve existing optical method exist compared with
The technical issues of low detection limit and sensitivity.
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand application scheme, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present application
Attached drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only this
Apply for a part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art exist
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of gas concentration detection system in the embodiment of the present application.
This application provides a kind of one embodiment of gas concentration detection system, comprising: light source 1, fiber optic splitter 2,
Optical delay line 7, optical-fiber bundling device 6, intensity detector 8, the first collimating mirror 31 and the second collimating mirror 32.
Light source 1 is connect by optical fiber with the entrance of fiber optic splitter 2, it is to be appreciated that fiber optic splitter 2 can be by light
The light that source 1 issues is divided into multi beam, in the embodiment of the present application, the light that light source 1 issues is divided into reference light by fiber optic splitter 2
With two beam of object light.
Two outlets of fiber optic splitter 2 are connected with the entrance of the first collimating mirror 31 and optical delay line 7 respectively by optical fiber
It connects, wherein the object light for the first collimating mirror 31 being transmitted to is smaller than the reference light intensity for being transmitted to optical delay line 7.
First collimating mirror 31 makes it become directional light and injects under test gas for collimating object light.
It should be noted that when the timing of under test gas concentration one, in order to guarantee dulling luminosity ratio that the embodiment of the present application obtains
The absorbance that existing optical method obtains is big, needs rationally to be arranged the splitting ratio of fiber optic splitter 2, so that light of the reference light than object light
It is powerful；In order to allow the gas concentration detection system in the embodiment of the present application to have better concentration resolution, can will be divided
Than being set greater than 10: 1, so that reference light and the light intensity ratio of object light are greater than 10: 1.
One entrance of optical-fiber bundling device 6 connect by optical fiber with the second collimating mirror 32, another entrance pass through optical fiber and
The outlet of optical delay line 7 connects, wherein the second collimating mirror 32 projects and across gas to be measured for receiving from the first collimating mirror 31
The object light of body.
It should be noted that because the gas concentration detection system in the embodiment of the present application has preferable concentration rate respectively,
So the optical path for not needing to be arranged under test gas folding can meet the detection demand of light concentration gas, for example, can incite somebody to action
First collimating mirror 31 and the second collimating mirror 32 are separately positioned under test gas two sides, so that the object light that the first collimating mirror 31 issues is only
It is once just received by the second collimating mirror 32 across under test gas.
Optical delay line 7 keeps the optical path difference of reference light and object light to exist for periodically adjusting the light path of reference light
In coherence length, wherein coherence length refers to object light and the maximum optical path difference that reference light can interfere.
It is understood that the absorbance in the embodiment of the present application is related to light intensity variable quantity and average intensity, and light intensity
Variable quantity needs to be determined according to the peak-to-valley value of light intensity curve, so the embodiment of the present application is by periodically adjusting reference light
Light path so that the light intensity curve detected include at least a peak value and a valley.
Specifically, before carrying out Concentration Testing under test gas, first optical delay line 7 can be demarcated, with determination
The zero optical path difference of object light and reference light point, then periodically adjusts optical path difference in zero optical path difference or so, so that the light detected
Strong change curve includes at least a peak value and a valley.
The outlet of optical-fiber bundling device 6 is connect by optical fiber with intensity detector 8.
It should be noted that the light intensity curve of interference signal can be acquired by intensity detector 8, become by light intensity
Change the absorbance that can calculate under test gas, and then calculate the concentration of under test gas, wherein under test gas is calculated according to absorbance
Concentration belongs to the prior art, is not repeated herein.
In the embodiment of the present application, collected light intensity curve is one there are the sinusoidal signals of phase delayWherein IrRepresent reference light, I 'oFor the object light that the second collimating mirror 32 receives, φ is light
Learn phase delay caused by delay line 7；It can determine that light intensity variable quantity is from above-mentioned formulaAverage intensity is M
=I 'o+Ir, equivalent absorbance is represented byAnd existing optical method is according to A=lg
(Io/Io') calculate absorbance, wherein IoLight intensity before entering under test gas for object light；Compare the embodiment of the present application and the prior art
Absorbance expression formula it is found that when under test gas concentration is identical, reasonably adjust the light intensity of reference light, the application can be made to implement
The absorbance A of the absorbance A of example ' be greater than in existing optical method, therefore the gas concentration detection system of the embodiment of the present application can be with
There are better concentration resolution and lower detection limit；Also, since light intensity variable quantity and average intensity can be from light intensity
It is directly read on change curve, so only need an intensity detector 8 that can complete the measurement of absorbance, and existing light
Method also needs the measurement of intensity detector 8 object light to enter the light intensity before under test gas, therefore using in the embodiment of the present application
Gas concentration detection system, it is not only at low cost, but also measurement process is simple.
Further, light source 1 may include the laser that can issue multiple wavelength lights.
It is understood that same gas is different to the absorbance of the light of different wave length, it is possible to according to the kind of gas
Class selects the light of respective wavelength, so that absorbance is as large as possible, so that there have gas concentration detection system to be preferably dense
The corresponding relationship of degree resolution ratio and lower detection limit, gaseous species and optical wavelength sees following table:
However, the type of under test gas may be unknown, or including multiple gases before Concentration Testing, so
It during real gas Concentration Testing, needs to detect respectively using the light of multi-wavelength, so multiple waves can be issued by selecting
The laser of long light is as the light source 1 in the embodiment of the present application.
In addition to this it is possible to select wideband light source 1 and tunable filter as the light source 1 in the embodiment of the present application.
Wherein, tunable filter is for selectively filtering wideband light source 1, to generate the light of multi-wavelength.
Further, light source 1 is connect for convenience with fiber optic splitter 2, optical fiber output light source 1 can be chosen as this
Apply for the light source 1 in embodiment.
Further, intensity detector 8 can be single point detector, to be quickly obtained the light intensity variation of interference signal.
Further, gas concentration detection system can also include gas chamber 4, be provided with entrance port and exit portal on gas chamber 4,
First collimating mirror 31 is arranged at entrance port, and the second collimating mirror 32 is arranged at exit portal, and wherein gas chamber 4 is for storing gas to be measured
Body.
It is understood that after gas concentration detection system increases gas chamber 4, it can be by the first collimating mirror 31 and the second collimation
Mirror 32 is set up directly on entrance port and exit portal, is done directly when needing to carry out gas concentration detection by 31 He of the first collimating mirror
The connection of second collimating mirror 32 and other assemblies, does not just need every time all reinstall when gas concentration detection in this way
First collimating mirror 31 and the second collimating mirror 32.
Further, gas chamber 4 can be hollow out.
It is understood that if gas chamber 4 be it is closed, need by under test gas injection gas chamber 4 detect.And it is very much
When, it generally requires to carry out original flavor measurement under test gas, such as to detect the gas concentration in some region, the embodiment of the present application
Hollow out is set by gas chamber 4, in situ measurement may be implemented.
Further, it is provided with light reflection subassembly in gas chamber 4, to form the light reflection path from entrance port to exit portal.
It should be noted that in order to increase the influence that under test gas concentration changes interference signal light intensity, it can be in gas chamber 4
Interior setting light emission component, to increase light path of the object light under test gas.
Further, as shown in Figure 1, entrance port and exit portal can be ipsilateral positioned at gas chamber 4.
It should be noted that being often limited under test gas region week when carrying out in situ measurement under test gas
Enclose the distribution of building；For example, needing for gas chamber 4 to be put into from tunnel openings if wanting the concentration of gas in situ detection chimney
Chimney, and chimney only has unilateral side to have opening, so will lead to not if entrance port and exit portal setting is not ipsilateral in gas chamber 4
It is convenient that first collimating mirror 31, the second collimating mirror 32 and corresponding optical fiber can not be even installed；Therefore, the embodiment of the present application will be incident
Mouth and exit portal setting are ipsilateral in gas chamber 4, and light can be injected from same direction and project under test gas, then the first collimating mirror 31
It can be arranged in that gas chamber 4 is ipsilateral with the second collimating mirror 32, to facilitate the installation and use of gas concentration detection system.
Further, as shown in Figure 1, light reflection subassembly may include the reflection rib that entrance port and exit portal opposite end is arranged in
Mirror 5, reflecting prism 5 are isosceles right triangle, and the bevel edge of isosceles right triangle and the incident direction of object light and outgoing side
To vertically.
It should be noted that Fig. 1 illustrates only the approximate location of reflecting prism 5, the not specific position of reflecting prism 5
It sets, reflecting prism 5 can be set in gas chamber 4, also can be set in 4 outside of gas chamber, in addition light reflection subassembly is not limited to this Shen
It please reflecting prism 5 described in embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, arrow shows the optical path of object light in Fig. 1, object light is projected from the first collimating mirror 31, passes through gas to be measured
Reflecting prism 5 is injected after body, and injects under test gas after 5 twice emitting of reflecting prism, it is final to inject the second collimating mirror 32；From
The upper effect that can be seen that by the reflecting prism 5, object light pass twice through under test gas, can increase under test gas concentration pair
The influence of interference signal light intensity variation, the influence that under test gas concentration changes interference signal light intensity in order to further increase, also
The quantity of reflecting prism 5 can be increased so that object light passes through under test gas three times or more than three times.
Further, the adjustable extent of optical delay line 7 may be implemented in hundred millimeter magnitudes to the accurate of reference light light path
Control, so that object light and the change in optical path length amount of reference light at least cover a wavelength.
In addition, the embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of one embodiment of gas concentration detection method, comprising:
The light that light source 1 issues is divided into object light and reference light by fiber optic splitter 2, wherein object light compares reference light intensity
It is small；
Object light is collimated by the first collimating mirror 31, and the object light after collimation is injected under test gas；
The object light projected under test gas is received by the second collimating mirror 32；
The light path of reference light is periodically adjusted by optical delay line 7, while keeping the optical path difference of reference light and object light
In coherence length；
By optical fibre optical fibre bundling device 6 by the object light that the second collimating mirror 32 receives and the reference that optical delay line 7 exports
Light converges, and forms interference signal；
The light intensity curve of interference signal is acquired, by intensity detector 8 to calculate gas according to light intensity curve
Concentration.
The above, above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical solution of the application, rather than its limitations；Although referring to before
Embodiment is stated the application is described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to preceding
Technical solution documented by each embodiment is stated to modify or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these
It modifies or replaces, the spirit and scope of each embodiment technical solution of the application that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of gas concentration detection system characterized by comprising light source, fiber optic splitter, optical delay line, optical fiber close
Beam device, intensity detector, the first collimating mirror and the second collimating mirror；
The light source is connect by optical fiber with the entrance of the fiber optic splitter；
Two of fiber optic splitter outlets are entered with first collimating mirror and the optical delay line respectively by optical fiber
Mouth connection, wherein the object light for being transmitted to first collimating mirror is smaller than the reference light intensity for being transmitted to the optical delay line；
One entrance of the optical-fiber bundling device connect by optical fiber with second collimating mirror, another entrance pass through optical fiber and
The outlet of the optical delay line connects, wherein second collimating mirror is projected and passed through from first collimating mirror for receiving
The object light of under test gas；
The optical delay line is used to periodically adjust the light path of the reference light, and keeps the reference light and the object light
Optical path difference in coherence length；
The outlet of the optical-fiber bundling device is connect by optical fiber with the intensity detector.
2. gas concentration detection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light source includes that can issue multiple waves
The laser of long light.
3. gas concentration detection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light source includes wideband light source and can
Tunable filter；
The tunable filter is for selectively filtering the wideband light source, to generate the light of multi-wavelength.
4. gas concentration detection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light source is optical fiber output light source.
5. gas concentration detection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the intensity detector is single-point detection
Device.
6. gas concentration detection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include gas chamber；
Entrance port and exit portal are provided on the gas chamber；
First collimating mirror is arranged at the entrance port, and second collimating mirror is arranged at the exit portal.
7. gas concentration detection system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that be provided with light reflection group in the gas chamber
Part, to form the light reflection path from the entrance port to the exit portal.
8. gas concentration detection system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the gas chamber is hollow out.
9. gas concentration detection system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the entrance port and the exit portal position
It is ipsilateral in the gas chamber.
10. according to right want 9 described in gas concentration detection system, which is characterized in that the smooth reflection subassembly include setting exist
The reflecting prism of the entrance port and the exit portal opposite end；
The reflecting prism be isosceles right triangle, and the bevel edge of the isosceles right triangle and the incident direction of object light and
Exit direction is vertical.
11. gas concentration detection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the adjustable model of the optical delay line
It is trapped among hundred millimeter magnitudes.
12. a kind of gas concentration detection method characterized by comprising
The light that light source issues is divided into object light and reference light by fiber optic splitter, wherein the object light is than the reference light intensity
It is small；
Object light is collimated by the first collimating mirror, and the object light after collimation is injected under test gas；
The object light projected from the under test gas is received by the second collimating mirror；
The light path of the reference light is periodically adjusted by optical delay line, while keeping the reference light and the object light
Optical path difference is in coherence length；
The reference of the object light for being received second collimating mirror by optical fibre optical fibre bundling device and optical delay line output
Light converges, and forms interference signal；
The light intensity curve of the interference signal is acquired, by intensity detector to calculate gas according to the light intensity curve
Bulk concentration.
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