CN109238448B - Method for improving urban sound environment satisfaction based on sound masking - Google Patents

Method for improving urban sound environment satisfaction based on sound masking Download PDF

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CN109238448B
CN109238448B CN201811083372.XA CN201811083372A CN109238448B CN 109238448 B CN109238448 B CN 109238448B CN 201811083372 A CN201811083372 A CN 201811083372A CN 109238448 B CN109238448 B CN 109238448B
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sound
environment
satisfaction
masking
satisfaction degree
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CN109238448A (en
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周裕德
张玮晨
邵志跃
祝文英
储益萍
应乐惇
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Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the satisfaction degree of an urban sound environment based on sound masking, which comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring the characteristics of the environmental noise according to environmental noise samples with representative meanings in different scenes and different time periods; 2) selecting main parameters influencing the satisfaction degree of the acoustic environment according to the characteristics of the environmental noise, and acquiring an expression of the satisfaction degree of the acoustic environment; 3) the effective masking sound containing the main parameters is added to the environment and the main parameters are adjusted until the satisfaction of the sound environment is no longer improved. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of masking effect based on psychoacoustics, diversified improvement and the like.

Description

Method for improving urban sound environment satisfaction based on sound masking
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental noise control, in particular to a method for improving the satisfaction degree of an urban sound environment based on sound masking.
Background
With the rapid development of urbanization, the environmental noise pollution problem is more and more concerned by the public. The traditional noise reduction technology focuses on sound absorption and sound insulation in the processes of sound source noise reduction and propagation paths and sound insulation treatment of the environment of a noise receiver, so that the noise level of urban environment noise is reduced to a certain extent, and the living environment of residents is improved. However, due to the limitation of the traditional noise reduction measures in the traffic noise and fixed equipment noise control and the characteristic that the low and medium frequency noise is not easy to attenuate, the urban environmental noise is mainly characterized by the low and medium frequency, and particularly the problem that the sound level reaches the standard but still disturbs people occurs in dense cities. The noise in the abdominal land of residential communities along the urban main road and the urban public green area is tracked and monitored, and the sound level of the area is mostly maintained at a steady-state level of 55-60dBA, but the satisfaction degree of the public is still low in the environment, and the satisfaction degree of the area with higher sound level is lower.
In recent years, it has been found that the degree of satisfaction of the public with respect to the sound environment is not solely dependent on the sound pressure level, i.e., pleasant sounds can enhance the degree of satisfaction of the public with respect to the sound environment even if the sound pressure level is high. In practice, this is an application of psychoacoustics in ambient acoustics. It has been found that underwater sounds (such as fountain, running water, etc.) and bird song, etc. contribute to the improvement of the annoyance caused by traffic noise. However, currently, in the field of environmental noise control, no system-based sound masking method is available to improve the satisfaction degree of the public on the sound environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for improving the satisfaction degree of the urban sound environment based on sound masking.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the satisfaction degree of an urban sound environment based on sound masking comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring the characteristics of the environmental noise according to environmental noise samples with representative meanings in different scenes and different time periods;
2) selecting main parameters influencing the satisfaction degree of the acoustic environment according to the characteristics of the environmental noise, and acquiring an expression of the satisfaction degree of the acoustic environment;
3) the effective masking sound containing the main parameters is added to the environment and the main parameters are adjusted until the satisfaction of the sound environment is no longer improved.
The step 2) specifically comprises the following steps:
21) selecting loudness as a main parameter influencing the satisfaction degree of the sound environment;
22) carrying out subjective evaluation test on environmental noise samples with the same loudness and different other characteristics, and obtaining the evaluation result of the acoustic environment satisfaction degree of a tester on the noise samples by adopting a multi-level odd category semantic subdivision method;
23) classifying the features by adopting a clustering analysis or principal component analysis method so as to determine main parameters influencing the satisfaction degree of the acoustic environment;
24) and taking the sound environment satisfaction Sat as a dependent variable and taking the main parameters as independent variables to obtain an expression of the sound environment satisfaction Sat.
The main parameters include sound pressure level, frequency spectrum, loudness N, roughness R, sharpness S, jitter F and maximum and equivalent values of tone scheduling KThe sound pressure level comprises a maximum sound level LmaxEquivalent sound level LeqAnd statistical sound level L10、L50And L90The frequency spectrum comprises the sound level difference D of low, medium and high frequency bands, dominant characteristic frequency and sound level L thereofcf。
In the step 24), the expression of the sound environment satisfaction Sat is as follows:
Sat＝a*N(Leq)+b*(L50/L10)+c*(L90/L50)
+d*D+e*Lcf+f*R+g*S+h*F+i*K
wherein a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i are coefficient weights respectively.
When the environmental noise is lower than 70dB, the sound environment satisfaction is improved by adding masking sound into the environment, and when the environmental noise is higher than 70dB, noise reduction measures are taken for processing.
In step 3), the sources of the masking sound added to the environment include:
and (4) adjusting and generating the sound with the main parameters in the screened natural sound sample or on the basis of the natural sound.
The masking sound added to the environment specifically includes intermittent insect chirping, bird chirping, and water flow sounds.
In the step 3), for the environment with the medium and low frequency traffic noise below 1000Hz as the main part, the sound environment satisfaction degree Sat mainly comprises loudness N and equivalent sound level LeqAnd is determined and influenced by the mid-to-high band level difference D and the jitter F.
In the step 3), when effective masking sound is added into the environment, the environment satisfaction is improved by matching with landscape posters, videos and high-altitude sprays.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
one, masking effect based on psychoacoustics: the invention is an innovative means based on the thought of masking effect in psychoacoustics and aiming at improving the subjective feeling of people, does not cause deterioration influence on the background sound level of the existing sound environment, does not need to consider how to reduce noise to the utmost extent when the environmental sound level is difficult to reduce and the satisfaction degree of the sound environment of the people is low, and improves the satisfaction degree of the people on the sound environment by adding effective masking sound.
Secondly, diversified improvement: the quantitative formula for evaluating the satisfaction degree of the sound environment can be accurately adjusted, diversified improvement schemes can be set for various sound environment scene conditions, the purpose is clear according to the actual conditions of the environment, and the optimal scheme for improving the satisfaction degree of the sound environment is obtained through iterative optimization.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the satisfaction degree of a sound environment, which can be used for analyzing the physical and psychoacoustic characteristics of the sound environment, adding masking sound in a targeted manner, adjusting the physical and psychoacoustic characteristics of the original sound environment and improving the satisfaction degree of a crowd on the sound environment.
The invention provides a method based on psychoacoustics, and the main principle is to use masking sounds of proper sound level, frequency, bandwidth, time domain envelope, loudness, roughness, sharpness, jitter degree, tone scheduling and the like to mask environmental noise.
First, the characteristics of the ambient noise need to be determined. For specific environment, analyzing environment noise samples with representative significance in different scenes and different time periods, and determining sound pressure level including maximum sound level LmaxEquivalent sound level LeqStatistical sound level L10、L50And L90Etc.; frequency spectrum including the difference D of sound levels of low, medium and high frequency bands and the dominant characteristic frequency and sound level L thereofcfEtc.; maximum value (max) and equivalent value (avg) of loudness N, roughness R, sharpness S, jitter F, and tone K. Research shows that when the environmental noise is lower than 70dB (A), the masking sound can improve the satisfaction degree of the sound environment, and the noise reduction measures should be firstly taken to deal with the overhigh sound level.
Second, there is a need to determine the population versus the environmentPerceptual features of the noise. Studies have shown that the main factor determining the satisfaction of the acoustic environment is loudness, and it is necessary to determine the influence of other parameters on the satisfaction of the acoustic environment in consideration of the fact that the addition of masking sound can improve the satisfaction of the acoustic environment with a suitable increase in loudness. Different environmental noise samples are used, wherein the loudness is basically equal, and after the loudness is equal by adjusting the amplitude, other parameters are obviously different, and a subjective evaluation experiment is carried out in a laboratory. The method comprises the steps of playing back an experiment by adopting a multi-channel loudspeaker, reducing a sound field of an actual environment as much as possible, obtaining a satisfaction evaluation result of a crowd on a noise sample by adopting a multi-level odd-number category semantic subdivision method, carrying out multivariate statistical analysis on data by utilizing statistical analysis software, including clustering analysis, principal component analysis and the like, classifying the parameters, determining main parameters influencing the satisfaction of the sound environment, inducing the perception characteristics of the crowd on the environmental noise, taking the satisfaction (Sat) of the sound environment as a dependent variable and taking the influencing parameters as independent variables as shown in formula (1), wherein the coefficient of the parameter which has no significant relation with the satisfaction is 0, and the loudness N and the equivalent sound level L are generaleqThe method belongs to the same category, and is selected according to specific statistical analysis results, in addition, one of the maximum value and the equivalent value of the psychoacoustic parameters is usually selected, the unit of the coefficient is the reciprocal of the unit of the corresponding parameter, and finally the obtained satisfaction degree is dimensionless.
Sat＝a*N(Leq)+b*(L50/L10)+c*(L90/L50)+d*D+e*Lcf+f*R+g*S+h*F+i*K (1)
Where the parameters are as previously described and the coefficients are determined by the perceptual characteristics of the population for the particular environment.
Finally, the characteristics of the effective masking sound need to be determined. According to the perception characteristics of the crowd on the environmental noise, the masking sound is added in a targeted manner by combining the characteristics of the specific environmental noise, and the effect of adjusting the main parameters for determining the satisfaction degree of the acoustic environment can be achieved. The method specifically comprises the steps of determining effective parameters influencing the satisfaction degree of the sound environment according to the formula 1, screening sounds with related characteristic parameters in a natural sound sample, or adjusting the sounds on the basis of the natural sounds to generate masking sounds, and adjusting the values of the effective parameters to improve the satisfaction degree of the sound environment after the masking sounds are addedThe process may iterate until the satisfaction no longer rises to maximize the improvement. For example, for some environments with low-medium frequency traffic noise below 1000Hz, Sat is mainly composed of N or LeqAnd determining that D and F play a certain role at the same time, and through analyzing the characteristics of natural sound, finding that the bird song can adjust the frequency spectrum distribution of the environmental sound, increasing high-frequency components to make the frequency spectrum more balanced, and calculating examples show that the jitter degree is reduced by adding the traffic noise of the bird song, namely D and F are respectively changed to improve the satisfaction degree of the sound environment. Meanwhile, the effective masking sound can be processed, and main parameters influencing the satisfaction degree of the sound environment are adjusted, namely the satisfaction degree of the environment sound is continuously improved through iteration optimization, so that the final masking sound is determined. The masking sound needs to be screened according to the perception characteristics (effective influence parameters) of the crowd on the sound environment.
Example 1:
at a crossing with busy traffic, intermittent intervention of bird singing is adopted, so that the sounds of low, medium and high frequency bands in the environment are more balanced, meanwhile, traffic noise felt by people in the space is masked by the bird singing, and the annoying feeling of the people caused by the traffic noise is reduced.
Example 2:
the rail transit open-air platform is additionally provided with intermittent sounds of insect sounds and bird sounds, so that the frequency spectrum of the environmental sounds is more balanced, the interference of wheeltrack noises generated by train entering and exiting stations on crowds is reduced, and the public can be placed in a jungle like a living forest by matching with green landscape posters or videos put in the stations, so that the trouble brought by the noises is improved.
Example 3:
in hot summer, in public green areas along urban arterial roads, rhythmic, bright, slow and slow water flow sounds are added and a high-altitude spraying device is matched, so that people passing by feel the water flow sounds to mask traffic noises, meanwhile, the water spray enables people to generate cool and humid feelings matched with the water flow sounds, the dysphoric feeling caused by the traffic noises and high temperature is relieved, and the comfort level of the green area environment is improved.
The invention improves the living environment from the perspective of subjective feeling of people based on the psychoacoustic relevant law, improves the satisfaction degree of people to the acoustic environment, and conforms to the people-oriented idea.

Claims (4)

1. A method for improving the satisfaction degree of an urban sound environment based on sound masking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring the characteristics of the environmental noise according to environmental noise samples with representative meanings in different scenes and different time periods;
2) selecting main parameters influencing the satisfaction degree of the acoustic environment according to the characteristics of the environmental noise, and acquiring an expression of the satisfaction degree of the acoustic environment, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
21) selecting loudness as main parameters influencing the satisfaction degree of the sound environment, wherein the main parameters comprise the maximum value and the equivalent value of sound pressure level, frequency spectrum, loudness N, roughness R, acutance S, jitter degree F and sound scheduling K, and the sound pressure level comprises the maximum sound level LmaxEquivalent sound level LeqAnd statistical sound level L10、L50And L90The frequency spectrum comprises the sound level difference D of low, medium and high frequency bands, dominant characteristic frequency and sound level L thereofcf；
22) Carrying out subjective evaluation test on environmental noise samples with the same loudness and different other characteristics, and obtaining the evaluation result of the acoustic environment satisfaction degree of a tester on the noise samples by adopting a multi-level odd category semantic subdivision method;
23) classifying the features by adopting a clustering analysis or principal component analysis method so as to determine main parameters influencing the satisfaction degree of the acoustic environment;
24) taking the sound environment satisfaction Sat as a dependent variable and taking the main parameters as independent variables to obtain an expression of the sound environment satisfaction Sat, wherein the expression of the sound environment satisfaction Sat is as follows:
Sat＝a*N(Leq)+b*(L50/L10)+c*(L90/L50)+d*D+e*Lcf+f*R+g*S+h*F+i*K
wherein a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i are coefficient weights respectively;
3) adding effective masking sound containing main parameters into the environment, and adjusting the main parameters until the satisfaction degree of the sound environment is not improved any more, wherein the sources of the masking sound added into the environment comprise:
the screened natural sound samples have main parameter sounds or are adjusted and generated on the basis of the natural sounds, and when effective masking sounds are added into the environment, the environment satisfaction is improved by matching with landscape posters, videos and high-altitude sprays.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the ambient noise is lower than 70dB, the method adds masking sound to the environment to improve the satisfaction of the acoustic environment, and when the ambient noise is higher than 70dB, the method takes noise reduction measures to deal with.
3. The method for improving the satisfaction degree of the urban sound environment based on the acoustic masking as claimed in claim 1, wherein the masking sound added into the environment specifically comprises intermittent insect chirping sound, bird chirping sound and water flow sound.
4. The method for improving the satisfaction degree of the urban sound environment based on the sound masking as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), for the environment with the low and medium frequency traffic noise below 1000Hz as the main factor, the satisfaction degree Sat of the sound environment mainly comprises loudness N and equivalent sound level LeqAnd is determined and influenced by the mid-to-high band level difference D and the jitter F.
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CN114271818B (en) * 2021-12-22 2023-07-25 中国人民解放军海军特色医学中心 Hearing angel training system, method, storage medium and electronic equipment
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