CN109195827B

CN109195827B - System for mobile charging of electric vehicles

Info

Publication number: CN109195827B
Application number: CN201680086134.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肯尼士·詹姆斯·米勒
Original assignee: Ford Global Technologies LLC
Current assignee: Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date: 2016-05-31
Filing date: 2016-05-31
Publication date: 2022-07-26
Anticipated expiration: 2036-05-31
Also published as: DE112016006821T5; CN109195827A; WO2017209735A1; US20190135133A1; US11110812B2

Abstract

Example methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture for mobile charging of electric vehicles are described herein. An example electric vehicle includes a battery and a first charging interface for the battery disposed on an exterior surface of the electric vehicle. The first charging interface is configured to engage with a second charging interface on an articulated arm of a mobile charging vehicle to transfer energy from an energy source of the mobile charging vehicle to the battery when the electric vehicle is in motion.

Description

System for mobile charging of electric vehicles

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to electric vehicles and, more particularly, to mobile charging of electric vehicles.

Background

Electric vehicles, including all-electric and hybrid electric vehicles, employ one or more batteries to store electrical power. These batteries are typically large to ensure adequate driving range. Such large batteries are not only expensive to manufacture, but also add considerable weight to the vehicle.

Disclosure of Invention

An example electric vehicle disclosed herein includes a battery and a first charging interface for the battery, the first charging interface being disposed on an exterior surface of the electric vehicle. The first charging interface is configured to engage with a second charging interface on an articulated arm of the mobile charging vehicle to transfer energy from an energy source of the mobile charging vehicle to the battery while the electric vehicle is in motion.

Disclosed herein is a mobile charging vehicle for charging an electric vehicle having a battery and a first charging interface. The mobile charging vehicle includes: an energy supply device; an articulated arm; a second charging interface coupled to an end of the articulated arm; and a controller for moving the articulated arm to engage the second charging interface with the first charging interface while the mobile charging vehicle is moving.

An example apparatus disclosed herein includes: a first vehicle having a first charging interface disposed in a recess formed in an exterior surface of the first vehicle; and a second vehicle having an articulated arm. The second charging interface is carried on an end of the articulated arm. The articulated arm is for extending the second charging interface to engage the first charging interface when the first vehicle and the second vehicle are moving.

An example method disclosed herein includes: determining whether the mobile charging vehicle is within a target distance from the electric vehicle; switching the electric vehicle to an autonomous driving mode when the mobile charging vehicle is determined to be within the target distance; and receiving energy from the mobile charging vehicle to charge a battery of the electric vehicle.

An electric vehicle disclosed herein includes: a battery; a charging interface for a battery disposed on an outer surface of the electric vehicle; and a charge monitoring system. The charge monitoring system is to determine when the mobile charging vehicle is within a first target distance from the electric vehicle and switch the electric vehicle to an autonomous driving mode when the mobile charging vehicle is determined to be within the first target distance.

An example method disclosed herein comprises: detecting when a mobile charging vehicle is within a first target distance from an electric vehicle; switching the electric vehicle to an autonomous driving mode when the mobile charging vehicle is detected to be within a first target distance; and controlling the electric vehicle to reduce the distance between the mobile charging vehicle and the electric vehicle to a second target distance that is less than the first target distance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows an example system including an electric vehicle and an example mobile charging vehicle for charging a battery of the electric vehicle.

Fig. 2 is a rear view of the example electric vehicle of fig. 1, showing an example female connector for a direct-connect interface.

Fig. 3 is a top view of the example web in a retracted position with the example male connector for mating with the example female connector of fig. 2.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the example web of FIG. 3 in a deployed or extended position with the example male connector engaged with the example female connector.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the example electric vehicle and the example mobile charging vehicle of fig. 1, with an example induction board for wireless charging.

FIG. 6 is a top view of the example arm in a deployed position with the example sensing plate of FIG. 5 engaged.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram representing an example method of charging an electric vehicle via a mobile charging vehicle implemented with the example system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an example processor system configured to execute the example machine readable instructions represented at least in part by FIG. 7 to implement the example system of FIG. 1.

Certain examples are shown in the above-identified figures and described in detail below. In describing these examples, like or identical reference numbers are used to identify the same or similar elements. The figures are not necessarily to scale and certain features and certain views of the figures may be shown exaggerated in scale or in schematic in the interest of clarity and/or conciseness. Additionally, several examples have been described throughout this specification. Any feature from any example may include, be substituted for, or be otherwise combined with other features from other examples.

Detailed Description

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are becoming more and more popular. In fact, many countries are considering certain restrictions on gas vehicles, increasing the demand for EVs. The EV may be a full EV that runs entirely on electricity, or may be a hybrid EV that includes two power sources: one powered by electricity and one powered by gas or some other fuel. Both full EVs and hybrid EVs employ batteries to store energy for powering the motors of the EV. When purchasing an EV, a consumer typically desires that the battery contain much more power than is required to drive to a destination (e.g., work) and back (e.g., home) in case the consumer has to make additional stops or trips. For example, many consumers desire a battery with a battery capacity that is 2 to 3 times the battery capacity that is typically needed. For example, a customer traveling 50 miles on and off duty typically desires a vehicle charging range of at least 100 to 150 miles, and as much as 300 miles. Thus, EVs are manufactured with relatively large batteries to meet consumer demand. Not only are these large batteries expensive, they add considerable weight to the vehicle, thus reducing the efficiency of the vehicle. The increased weight also means that a more robust chassis is required to support the battery, which further increases manufacturing costs.

Example methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture for recharging batteries of EVs (full EV or hybrid EV) are disclosed herein. In some examples, charging may occur while the EV is in motion, which enables the EV to be charged more frequently between stops and thus reduces the need for larger batteries. Accordingly, the EV may employ a battery having a relatively small capacity, and thus may use a smaller-sized battery. Smaller cells are relatively lighter and less expensive to manufacture. Thus, the disclosed methods, apparatus, and articles reduce costs and improve fuel economy of the EV. Further, the example methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture disclosed herein enable drivers to be more confident in their driving range because mobile charging operations may be performed while the EV is en route and with minimal interference with the EV.

In some disclosed examples, one or more mobile charging vehicles or units (MCVs) are parked or in motion throughout an area, such as a city or town. If the remaining energy or charge of the battery of the EV becomes low (i.e., charging is required), a mobile charging operation may be requested (e.g., manually or automatically). One of the MCVs is arranged to meet the EV at a meeting location (e.g., along a section of highway). The EV includes a first charging interface for the battery, which is accessible from outside the EV. Specifically, the first charging interface is disposed on an exterior surface of the EV (e.g., on a rear bumper of the EV). As used herein, "on an exterior surface" or "exterior" means on (e.g., flush with or protruding from) an outermost surface of a vehicle, in a recess formed in an outermost surface of a vehicle, or behind a protective cover, such as an open door or rubber seal that may be penetrated. An example MCV includes an articulated arm carrying a second charging interface for a battery or other electrical energy supply carried by the MCV. When the MCV is positioned within the target distance from the EV, the articulated arm is extended to engage the second charging interface with the first charging interface. In some examples, the engagement between the charging interfaces is a direct connection. For example, the second charging interface on the mobile charging vehicle may be a male pin connector and the first charging interface on the EV may be a female socket connector. In other examples, the first and second charging interfaces may include sensing pads for wireless charging or charging that does not require fixed physical contact between the charging interfaces.

In some examples, the mobile charging vehicle includes an alignment sensor for aligning a second charging interface on the mobile charging vehicle with a first charging interface on the EV. In some examples, the alignment sensor is carried on an end of the arm (e.g., adjacent the second charging interface). For example, the alignment sensor may be one or more of a camera, a laser, an acoustic sensor (e.g., a sonic or ultrasonic sensor). In other examples, other types of alignment sensors may be employed. For example, a detection/alignment system including a transmitter (e.g., infrared light) and a receiver (e.g., infrared sensor) may be employed.

In some examples, the EV switches to an autonomous driving mode in which the EV is autonomous during deployment of the arm and/or during charging. In some cases, placing the EV in autonomous driving mode ensures that the EV is automatically driven in view of the MCV driving near (e.g., behind) the EV. For example, EVs may be driven more cautiously, taking into account braking distance and/or other road and traffic conditions. In some examples, the MCV is autonomous driving or autonomous driving. In some examples, the EV and MCV communicate driving information (e.g., speed, direction, amount of braking or acceleration, road conditions, traffic conditions, etc.) to each other to synchronize the driving of the two vehicles. In this way, the EV and/or MCV may adjust their driving according to each other to maintain the vehicle within a target distance (e.g., a desired range) while charging. Once the charge is complete or a desired charge amount is reached, the arm may be retracted and the EV may proceed to its desired destination.

An example system 100 for charging an Electric Vehicle (EV) 102 (e.g., a first vehicle) by a Mobile Charging Vehicle (MCV) 104 (e.g., a second vehicle) is shown in fig. 1. The EV 102 may be any vehicle (e.g., an automobile) that is at least partially powered by a battery or another stored energy source (e.g., a capacitor). The electric vehicle 102 may be a full EV (e.g., fully powered by electricity) or a hybrid EV (e.g., partially powered by gas or fuel and partially powered by electricity).

In the illustrated example, the EV 102 includes a battery 106 (e.g., a first battery). The battery 106 may be a battery or batteries that provide power to the motor of the EV 102. The MCV 104 includes a battery 108 (e.g., a second battery, a power supply), which may include one or more batteries. In some examples, the battery 108 of the MCV 104 is pre-charged. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the MCV 104 charges the battery 108 through an engine of the MCV 104 (e.g., via an alternator) and/or another engine (e.g., a generator) carried by the MCV 104. The MCV 104 may be an all-EV, a hybrid EV, a gas-powered vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, or any other type of vehicle having an energy supply.

To transfer energy from the battery 108 of the MCV 104 to the battery 106 of the EV 102, the EV 102 includes a first charging interface 110 for the battery 106, and the MCV 104 includes a second charging interface 112 for the battery 108. When the first charging interface 110 and the second charging interface 112 are engaged (e.g., coupled or in close proximity), energy may be transferred from the battery 108 of the MCV 104 to the battery 106 of the EV 102. In other words, the first charging interface 110 is configured to engage with the second charging interface 112 to transfer electrical energy from the battery 108 of the MCV 104 to the battery 106 of the EV 102. For example, the first charging interface 110 may be a female connector and the second charging interface 112 may be a male connector, or vice versa.

The first charging interface 110 would be positioned on the exterior surface of the EV 102. In the example shown, first charging interface 110 is located on a rear portion 114 of EV 102 (e.g., on a rear bumper, below a rear bumper, etc.). The second charging interface 112 is located on the front 116 of the MCV 104 (e.g., on, under, or above the front bumper, etc.). In particular, the second charging interface 112 is carried on an end of an articulated arm 118 that is movably coupled to a front 116 of the MCV 104. Arm 118 is controlled to move second charging interface 112 outward and engage second charging interface 112 with first charging interface 110, as disclosed in further detail herein.

In the illustrated example, the EV 102 includes a charge monitoring system 120 that monitors the level of energy or charge remaining in the battery 106. In some examples, charge monitoring system 120 automatically requests charging from an MCV (e.g., MCV 104) when the remaining energy in battery 106 reaches a threshold (e.g., 10% capacity). Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, a user (e.g., a driver of the EV 102) requests charging from the MCV.

In some examples, the system 100 operates in multiple modes or phases throughout the charging process. For example, the charge monitoring system 120 of the EV 102 and the charge monitoring system 122 of the MCV 104 may operate the respective vehicles in different modes. Upon requesting charging, the system 100 coordinates the rendezvous between an MCV (such as MCV 104) and the EV 102. In some examples, multiple MCVs are parked throughout an area (e.g., a city). In some examples, the MCVs are parked at a charging station and are charging their respective batteries. In a rendezvous mode (e.g., a first mode), the charge monitoring system 122 of the selected MCV 104 navigates the MCV 104 to the rendezvous location and proximate to the EV 102. Example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture that may be implemented to coordinate convergence between MCVs and EVs are disclosed in international patent application No. PCT/US16/34103 entitled "method and apparatus for charging electric vehicles," filed 5, 25, 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In the illustrated example, the EV 102 includes a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver 124, and the MCV 104 includes a GPS receiver 126. The meeting location may be determined based on the location of the EV 102 and the MCV 104. In some examples, the rendezvous location is a range. For example, the meeting location may be a quarter mile section of a highway where the MCV 104 is scheduled to meet the EV 102. In some examples, the MCV 104 is autonomously driven. The MCV 104 includes an autonomous driving system 128 that causes the MCV 104 to automatically drive to the rendezvous location. The rendezvous point may be continually updated based on changes in the location and/or expected location of the EV 102 and/or MCV 104. In this way, EV 102 may continue to its desired location without interruption. In other examples, the MCV 104 is human driven.

The MCV 104 drives to the meeting point and approaches the rear 114 of the EV 102 until the MCV 104 is within the target distance from the EV 102. Once the MCV 104 is within the target distance of the EV 102, the system 100 operates in a deployed mode (e.g., a second mode) in which the arm 118 is deployed to engage the second charging interface 112 with the first charging interface 110. In some examples, the charge monitoring system 120 and/or the charge monitoring system 122 determines whether the MCV 104 is within the target distance based on the relative positions of the EV 102 and the MCV 104 as determined by the

GPS receivers

124, 126. In some examples, vehicle object detection sensors such as radar, ultrasound, cameras, etc. may be used to determine the relative positions of the EV 102 and the MCV 104. Additionally or alternatively, alignment information from an alignment sensor (e.g., such as the alignment sensor 322 of fig. 3) may be used to determine whether the MCV 104 is within a target distance from the EV 102.

In some examples, the target distance is based on one or more of: the size of the EV 102; the size of the MCV 104; the speed of the EV 102; the speed of the MCV 104; the reach of the arm 118; road conditions (e.g., potholes, icy roads, etc.); traffic conditions, etc. In some examples, the target distance is a range. For example, the target distance may be an area where the center of the front 116 of the MCV 104 is to reside, such as within a distance of 3' to 6' behind the middle of the rear 114 of the EV 102 and within 2' to either side of the middle of the rear 114 of the EV 102. In other examples, the target distance may be other ranges. Within this range, the arm 118 is operable to engage the second charging interface 112 with the first charging interface 110 for charging (as disclosed in further detail herein). In the example shown, MCV 104 includes an arm controller 130 for controlling arm 118 to engage second charging interface 112 with first charging interface 110.

Once second charging interface 112 is engaged with first charging interface 110, system 100 operates in a charging mode (e.g., a third mode). For example, the charge monitoring system 120 of the EV 102 and the charge monitoring system 122 of the MCV 104 switch to a charging mode and energy is transferred from the battery 108 of the MCV to the battery 106 of the EV 102. In some examples, the EV 102 and/or the MCV 104 switch to an autonomous driving mode (e.g., an autonomous driving mode) during the deployed mode and/or the charging mode. For example, once the MCV 104 is within the target distance, the charge monitoring system 120 of the EV 102 may switch the EV 102 to an autonomous driving mode. Additionally or alternatively, the charge monitoring system 122 of the MCV 104 may switch the MCV 104 to an autonomous driving mode. In the illustrated example, the EV 102 includes an autonomous driving system 132 that operates to autonomously drive the EV 102. The autonomous driving system 132 drives the EV 102 based on consideration of the MCV 102 being near (e.g., behind) the EV 102. For example, the autonomous driving system 132 may cause the EV 102 to drive at a relatively slower speed, make a wider range of turns, allow more space between the EV 102 and the leading vehicle (e.g., to enable the EV 102 to accelerate and decelerate at a lower rate), and so on. In some examples, autonomous driving system 132 may consider road conditions (e.g., potholes, icy roads, etc.) and/or traffic conditions.

In some examples, after switching the EV 102 to the autonomous driving mode, the EV 102 is controlled to reduce the distance between the MCV 104 and the EV 102 to a second target distance that is closer than the initial target distance. For example, the MCV 104 may drive to the meeting point and approach the rear 114 of the EV 102 until the MCV 104 is within the first target distance. The first target distance may be in the range of, for example, 10 'to 20'. When the MCV 104 is within the first target distance from the EV 102, the charge monitoring system 120 of the EV 102 switches the EV 102 to the autonomous driving mode. The EV 102 and/or MCV 104 are then autonomously controlled (e.g., via the respective autonomous driving systems 132, 128) to reduce the distance between the EV 102 and MCV 104 to a second target distance that is less than the first target distance. For example, the second target distance may be 3 'to 6'. For example, the EV 102 may reduce its speed. Additionally or alternatively, the EV 102 may send driving instructions (e.g., via the communication system 134 (fig. 1)) to the MCV 104 to reduce the distance between the MCV 104 and the EV 102. The charge monitoring system 120 and/or the charge monitoring system 122 determines whether the MCV 104 is within a second target distance (e.g., by detecting the relative positions of the EV 102 and MCV 104 obtained from the

GPS receivers

124, 126, the alignment sensor 322, etc.). Once the MCV 104 is within the second target distance, the arm 118 may be deployed to engage the second charging interface 112 with the first charging interface 110, and energy may be transferred from the MCV 104 to the EV 102. In some examples, switching the EV 102 to the autonomous driving mode before moving the MCV 104 closer to the EV 102 (with the arm 118 deployed) increases the safety of the process. In other examples, more than two target distances may be employed.

While the EV 102 is traveling, the MCV 104 is synchronized to travel with the EV 102 (e.g., via adaptive cruise control or another autonomous control). In some examples, the MCV 104 includes one or more sensors that automatically detect the location of the EV 102 and adjust the speed, direction, etc. of the MCV 104 to stay within a target distance. In some examples, the driving information is communicated to the MCV 104 so that the MCV 104 can synchronize its driving. In the illustrated example, the EV 102 includes a communication system 134 and the MCV 104 includes a communication system 136. The

communication systems

134, 136 may be, for example, Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC). DSRC is a two-way, medium-short range wireless communication capability that can allow high-rate data transmission. In other examples, the

communication systems

134, 136 may employ bluetooth, radio, and/or any other vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication device. Driving information (e.g., speed, steering, intended braking, etc.) is transmitted from the EV 102 to the MCV 104. The autonomous driving system 128 of the MCV 104 uses the driving information to adjust its speed, steering, etc. to stay within the target distance.

In other examples, the EV 102 is not autonomously driven, and the driver of the EV 102 continues to control the EV 102 while in the deployed and/or charging modes. In this example, the EV 102 includes a driving detection system 138. The driving detection system 138 receives inputs from the steering column, the position of the brake pedal, the position of the accelerator pedal, a speedometer, etc. The driving information is similarly transmitted to the MCV 104 so that the MCV 104 can adjust its speed, steering, etc. to stay within the target distance.

After charging is complete, the system 100 operates in the disengaged mode. In some examples, the charge monitoring system 120 determines when the battery 106 is charging and requests (e.g., using the communication system 134) disengagement. The charge monitoring system 122 uses the arm controller 130 to disengage the second charging interface 112 from the first charging interface 110. The EV 102 continues to travel to its desired location, and then the MCV 104 may be redirected to a new destination (e.g., back to a charging station). In some examples, the EV 102 and/or the MCV 104 switch back to the manual mode. It can be seen that the EV 102 is not required to park, slow down, or change its route during charging. Thus, EV 102 may continue to its intended destination with minimal interference.

In some examples, energy is transferred via a direct or physical connection between the first charging interface 110 and the second charging interface 112. Fig. 2 shows a rear portion 114 of EV 102 showing first charging interface 110. In the illustrated example, the first charging interface 110 is implemented as a female socket connector 200 (e.g. a female connector). The first charging interface 110 is mounted in a recess 202 (e.g., a nozzle) formed in the rear portion 114 of the EV 102 (e.g., formed in an outer surface of the EV 102). In the example shown, the recess 202 is conical, which facilitates aligning or docking the second charging interface 112 with the first charging interface 110. In other examples, the recess 202 may have a different shape. In some examples, the female socket connector 200 is not seated in a recess (e.g., flush or flat with the rear 114 of the EV 102).

Fig. 3 is a top view showing the arm 118 in a retracted position, and fig. 4 is a top view showing the arm 118 in a deployed position. For example, during the deployed mode, the arms 118 may extend between a retracted position and a deployed position. In the example shown, the arm 118 includes a first arm portion 300 that is rotatably coupled to the front 116 of the MCV 104 at a first joint 302. The first arm portion 300 is rotatable about a first joint 302 via a first motor 304 (e.g., an actuator). The first motor 304 also moves the first arm portion 300 vertically so that the arm 118 can move up and down as desired. In the example shown, the second arm portion 306 is rotatably coupled to an end of the first arm portion 300 at a second joint 308. The second arm portion 306 is rotatable about a second joint 308 via a second motor 310. In the example shown, the second charging interface 112 is rotatably coupled to an end of the second arm portion 306 at a third joint 312. The second charging interface 112 is rotatable around the third joint 312 via a third motor 314. Arm controller 130 (fig. 1) controls first motor 304, second motor 310, and third motor 314 to move second charging interface 112 toward or away from first charging interface 110. A charging cable or wire 316 extends from the MCV 104 to the second charging interface 112 and couples the battery 108 (fig. 1) to the second charging interface 112.

In order to bias and maintain the relatively tight connection of second charging interface 112 towards first charging interface 110, arm 118 comprises a shock absorber or strut 318 with a spring 320. The spring 320 serves to absorb the rebound or disturbance. In the illustrated example, the post 318 is coupled to an end of the second arm portion 306, and the second charging interface 112 is coupled to the post 318 (i.e., the post is coupled between the second charging interface 112 and the second arm portion 306). The spring 320 biases the second charging interface 112 outward (e.g., away from the front 116 of the MCV 104). In some examples, the arm 118 is controlled to apply a predetermined amount of force when the second charging interface 112 is engaged with the first charging interface 110, which partially or fully compresses the spring 320, as shown in fig. 4. Thus, if the EV 102 and/or MCV 104 become separated from each other, move toward each other, or otherwise undergo small movements relative to each other (e.g., caused by bumps on the road), the spring 320 maintains a biasing force to maintain the second charging interface 112 engaged with the first charging interface 110. In some examples, a latch or lock (e.g., having a limited locking force or release threshold) is provided to temporarily couple second charging interface 112 to first charging interface 110. In other examples, no lock or latch means are provided so that the second charging interface 112 can easily disengage the first charging interface 110 if a significant deviation is experienced, thereby minimizing the possibility of damage.

In some examples, the alignment sensor 322 is employed to align the second charging interface 112 with the first charging interface 110. In the example shown, the alignment sensor 322 is carried on an end of the arm 118 adjacent to the second charging interface 112. Alignment sensor 322 detects the position or location of first charging interface 110 and communicates the relative position between first charging interface 110 and second charging interface 112 to arm controller 130 (fig. 1), which uses this information to control arm 118 (e.g., via first motor 304, second motor 310, and/or third motor 314) to move second charging interface 112 toward first charging interface 110. Alignment sensor 322 may be, for example, one or more of a camera, a laser, a radar, a sonic sensor (e.g., an ultrasonic sensor), or a maser. In other examples, other types of alignment sensors may be employed. For example, alignment sensor 322 may include a GPS receiver. The alignment sensor 322 may align the second charging interface 112 based on a relative position between the position of the alignment sensor 322 and the position of the first charging interface 110. In some examples, the alignment sensor 322 communicates a relative position to the autonomous driving system 128 of the MCV 104 in addition to, or instead of, the driving information sent from the EV 102 so that the MCV 104 may adjust its speed, direction, etc. to stay within the target distance.

In some examples, the alignment sensor 322 is coupled to another other position for detecting the relative position of the first charging interface 110 and the second charging interface 112. For example, in some examples, the alignment sensor 322 is installed on the EV 102, and the alignment sensor 322 detects the location of the second charging interface 112 and communicates the location (e.g., via the communication system 130 (fig. 1)) to the MCV 104. The arm controller 130 (fig. 1) controls the arm 118 based on the position detected by the alignment sensor 322. In some examples, multiple alignment sensors (and/or receivers) are employed.

Depending on the position of the second charging interface 112 relative to the first charging interface 110, the arm 118 moves to engage the second charging interface 112 with the first charging interface 110. Additionally or alternatively, the speed and/or direction of the EV 102 and/or MCV 104 may be controlled to adjust the relative position between the first charging interface 110 and the second charging interface 112. In the illustrated example, the second charging interface 112 is implemented as a male pin connector 324 (e.g., a male connector) and the first charging interface 110 is a female socket connector 200. Thus, the arm 118 is controlled to insert the male pin connector 324 into the female socket connector 200, as shown in fig. 4. The conical shape of the recess 202 facilitates aligning the second charging interface 112 (e.g., the male pin connector 324) with the first charging interface 110 (e.g., the female socket connector 200) when the second charging interface 112 is proximate. In the example shown, the second charging interface 112 comprises an angled or tapered surface 326. When the second charging interface 112 is moved towards the first charging interface 110, the tapered surface 326 engages the conical wall of the recess 202 to align the second charging interface 112 and the first charging interface 110.

In the illustrated example, the second charging interface 112 is implemented as a male pin connector 324 and the first charging interface 110 is implemented as a female socket connector 200. The male pin connector 324 may be a 2-pin connector, a 3-pin connector, a 4-pin connector, or the like. In other examples, other types of direct-connect connectors may be implemented, such as cylindrical connectors. In some examples, the second charging interface 112 is implemented as a female socket connector and the first charging interface 110 is implemented as a male pin connector.

Fig. 5 and 6 illustrate another example charging interface that may be implemented to transfer energy from the MCV 104 to the EV 102. An example charging interface employs inductive charging (e.g., wireless charging). In the example shown, first charging interface 110 includes an inductive receiving board 500 (e.g., a first board) and second charging interface 112 includes an inductive transmitting board 502 (e.g., a second board). The inductive transmitting pad 502 includes a primary coil, and the inductive receiving pad 500 includes a secondary coil. To transmit power, inductive receive plate 500 and inductive transmit plate 502 are positioned proximate to each other (e.g., without physical contact between plates 500, 502) or in direct contact with each other. When inductive receive pad 500 and inductive transmit pad 502 are within a certain distance, power may be transferred via inductive coupling.

In the example shown, inductive receiver plate 500 has a larger surface area than inductive transmitter plate 502. For example, inductive receiver pad 500 may be 12 inches (") x 8" and inductive transmitter pad 502 may be 6 "x 4". The size difference enables inductive transmitter pad 502 to move back and forth and/or left and right while still maintaining inductive coupling with inductive receiver pad 500. In other examples, the

plates

500, 502 may be other sizes. In other examples, inductive transmitter pad 502 has a larger surface area than inductive receiver pad 500.

In fig. 6, the arms 118 are in an extended or deployed position. In some examples, the arm 118 is controlled to engage the inductive transmitter pad 502 with the inductive receiver pad 500. The

plates

500, 502 may slide over each other while still maintaining a wireless inductive connection. For example, if the distance or position between the EV 102 and the MCU 104 changes, the

plates

500, 502 may slide relative to each other. This may be advantageous, for example, if the arm 118 does not include a spring or other biasing member. In other examples, arm 118 is controlled to position the inductive transmitter pad 502 close to or adjacent (e.g., 2 "away) to the inductive receiver pad 500 without contacting the inductive receiver pad 500. In some examples, induction receiving plate 500 and/or induction transmitting plate 502 are covered with a material, such as plastic, creating a small gap between induction receiving plate 500 and induction transmitting plate 502, thereby providing protection for

plates

500, 502. The covering may also be more aesthetically pleasing (e.g., by hiding the metal plates of inductive receiver plate 500 and/or inductive transmitter plate 502).

In the illustrated example of fig. 5 and 6, the inductive receiver plate 500 is angled downward toward the ground and the inductive transmitter plate 502 is angled upward away from the ground. In this way, a flat contact surface is formed between the induction transmission plate 502 and the induction reception plate 500. In other examples, inductive transmitter pad 502 and inductive receiver pad 500 may have different angles (e.g., vertical, horizontal).

In the illustrated example of fig. 1-6, the first charging interface 110 is on a rear portion 114 of the EV 102 and the second charging interface 112 is on a front portion 116 of the MCV 104. However, in other examples, the position of the first charging interface 110 and/or the second charging interface 112 may be different. For example, the first charging interface 110 may instead be on the front of the EV 102, and the second charger interface 112 may be on the rear of the MCV 104. In other examples, the first charging interface 110 may be on one side of the EV 102 and the second charging interface 112 may be on one side of the MCV 104.

Although an example manner of implementing the system 100 is shown in fig. 1, one or more of the elements, processes and/or devices illustrated in fig. 1 may be combined, divided, rearranged, omitted, eliminated and/or implemented in any other way. Further, the example charge monitoring system 120, the example charge monitoring system 122, the example autonomous driving system 128, the example arm controller 130, the example autonomous driving system 132, the example communication system 134, the example communication system 136, the example driving detection system 138, and/or, more generally, the example system 100 of fig. 1 may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, and/or any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Thus, for example, any of the example charge monitoring system 120, the example charge monitoring system 122, the example autonomous driving system 128, the example arm controller 130, the example autonomous driving system 132, the example communication system 134, the example communication system 136, the example driving detection system 138, and/or more generally, the example system 100 may be implemented by one or more analog or digital circuits, logic circuits, one or more programmable processors, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), and/or one or more Field Programmable Logic Devices (FPLDs). When reading any of the device or system claims of this patent to encompass a purely software and/or purely firmware implementation, at least one of the example charge monitoring system 120, the example charge monitoring system 122, the example autonomous driving system 128, the example arm controller 130, the example autonomous driving system 132, the example communication system 134, the example communication system 136, and/or the example driving detection system 138 is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible computer-readable storage or memory disk such as a memory, a Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), a Compact Disk (CD), a blu-ray disk, etc. that stores software and/or firmware. Further, the example 100 of fig. 1 may include one or more elements, processes, and/or devices in addition to or in place of those shown in fig. 1, and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes, and devices.

A flow diagram representing an example method 700 for implementing: a charge monitoring system 120, an example charge monitoring system 122, an example autonomous driving system 128, an example arm controller 130, an example autonomous driving system 132, an example communication system 134, an example communication system 136, an example driving detection system 138, and/or, more generally, the example system 100 of fig. 1. In this example, the method 700 may be implemented using machine readable instructions comprising a program for execution by a processor, such as the processor 812 shown in the example processor platform 800 discussed below in connection with fig. 8. The program may be embodied in software stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), a blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor 812, but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor 812 and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware. Further, although the example program is described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 7, many other methods of implementing the example system 100 may alternatively be used. For example, the order of execution of the blocks may be changed, and/or some of the blocks described may be changed, eliminated, or combined.

As described above, the example method 700 of fig. 7 may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), a cache, a random-access memory (RAM), and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for buffering information for long periods of time, permanently, temporarily, and/or for caching information). As used herein, the term tangible computer readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. As used herein, "tangible computer-readable storage medium" and "tangible machine-readable storage medium" are used interchangeably. Additionally or alternatively, the example process 700 of fig. 7 may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer and/or machine readable medium, such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a random-access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for buffering information for long periods of time, permanently, (briefly), temporarily, and/or for caching information). As used herein, the term non-transitory computer readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. As used herein, the phrase "at least" is open-ended as the term "comprising" is used as a transitional term in the preamble of the claims.

The example method 700 is for charging an EV with an MCV. The example method 700 is disclosed in connection with the example system 100 of FIG. 1. However, in other examples, other systems may be employed to perform the example method 700.

At block 702, the charge monitoring system 120 of the EV 102 determines whether the battery 106 requires charging. In some examples, the charge monitoring system 120 automatically requests charging when the battery 106 reaches a threshold (e.g., 10% capacity). Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, charging is manually requested by a driver and/or another operator of the EV 102. The EV 102 sends a request to an MCV, such as MCV 104, to receive a charge from the MCV 104. If charging is not requested, the example method 700 continues to monitor the charge of the battery 106.

Once a request to receive charging from the MCV 104 is sent from the EV 102, the MCV 104 is navigated to the rendezvous location (block 704). As disclosed herein, the charge monitoring system 122 of the MCV 104 can switch to a rendezvous mode, where the MCV 104 is navigated to the rendezvous location.

At block 706, the charge monitoring system 120 and/or the charge monitoring system 122 determines whether the MCV 104 is within a target distance from the EV 102. For example, the target distance may be a range (e.g., 2' to 6' behind the EV 102 and 3' to either side of the center of the rear portion 114 of the EV 102). In some examples, the charge monitoring system 120 and/or the charge monitoring system 122 determines whether the MCV 104 is within the target distance based on input from the

GPS receivers

124, 126 and/or alignment information from the alignment sensor 322 (fig. 3). If the MCV 104 is not within the target distance from the EV 102, the MCV 104 continues traveling toward the meeting point (block 704) until the MCV 104 is within the target distance.

Once the MCV 104 is within the target distance, the EV 102 and/or the MCV 104 may operate in the deployed mode. At block 708, the EV 102 and/or MCV 104 switch to autonomous driving mode. For example, the charge monitoring system 120 of the EV 102 may switch the EV 102 to the autonomous driving mode when the MCV 104 is detected to be within a target distance. As shown in fig. 1, the autonomous driving system 128 drives the MCV 104, and the autonomous driving system 132 drives the EV 102. At block 710, driving information is communicated between the EV 102 and the MCV 104 using the

communication system

134, 136. The driving information may include the speed of the EV 102, the speed of the MCV 104, the direction of travel of the EV 102, the direction of travel of the MCV 104, the intended braking of the EV 102, road conditions, traffic conditions, and the like. In some examples, the MCV 104 receives the driving information and adjusts the speed, direction, etc. of the MCV 104 to synchronize the driving motions between the EV 102 and the MCV 104.

At block 712, charge monitoring station 122 controls arm 118 (via arm controller 130) to move second charging interface 112 toward first charging interface 110 while MCV 104 is in motion. In some examples, a direct connection charging interface is employed. For example, in fig. 2-4, the second charging interface 112 includes a male pin connector 324 and the first charging interface 110 on the EV 102 includes a female socket connector 200. In other examples, such as in fig. 5 and 6, a wireless charging interface may be implemented. In such an example, arm 118 is controlled to engage induction transmitter plate 502 with induction receiver plate 502 or to position induction transmitter plate 502 proximate or adjacent to induction receiver plate 500 without physically contacting induction receiver plate 500.

In some examples, after switching the EV 102 to the autonomous driving mode and before deploying the arm 118, the EV 102 may be controlled (via the autonomous driving system 132) to reduce the distance between the MCV 104 and the EV 102 to a second target distance that is closer than the initial target distance. For example, the charge monitoring system 120 may detect when the MCV 104 is within a first target distance (e.g., 10 'to 30') from the EV 102 and switch the EV 102 to the autonomous driving mode. The charge monitoring system 120 may then control the EV 102 (via the autonomous driving system 132) to reduce the distance between the EV 102 and the MCV to a second target distance (e.g., 3 'to 6'). Once the MCV 104 is within the second target distance, the arm 118 may be deployed to engage the second charging interface 112 with the first charging interface 110, and energy may be transferred from the MCV 104 to the EV 102.

At block 714, the

charge monitoring system

120, 122 switches to a charging mode, and the MCV 104 transmits energy from the battery 108 to the battery 106 of the EV 102 (e.g., the EV 102 receives energy from the MCV 104 to charge the battery 106). In some examples, the charging operation (block 714) lasts about 15 minutes. In other examples, the charging process may last longer or shorter. At block 716, the charge monitoring system 120 continues to monitor the charge level of the battery 106 while receiving energy. If the charging is not complete, the MCV 104 continues to transfer energy to the batteries 106 of the EV (block 714).

If the charge monitoring system 120 determines that charging is complete (e.g., when the battery 106 is at or near 100% capacity) (block 718), the arm 118 is retracted to disengage the second charging interface 112 from the first charging interface 110, and the example method 700 ends at block 720. In some examples, the EV 102 sends instructions (e.g., via the communication system 134) to the MCV 104 to disengage when the charge level meets a threshold level. After the arm 118 disengages from the EV 102, the EV 102 continues to its desired destination, and the MCV 104 may be routed to the new destination. In some examples, after the MCV 104 has been disengaged, the EV 102 switches back to the manual driving mode and the driver takes control of the EV 102.

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an example processor platform 800 capable of executing instructions to implement the method 700 of fig. 7 and the system 100 of fig. 1. The processor platform 800 may be, for example, a server, a personal computer, a mobile device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, such as an iPad), a smart phone, a ^TM Tablet computer), personal digital assistantA Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), an internet appliance, a DVD player, a CD player, a blu-ray player, or any other type of computing device.

The processor platform 800 of the illustrated example includes a processor 812. The processor 812 of the illustrated example is hardware. For example, the processor 812 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer.

The processor 812 of the illustrated example includes local memory 813 (e.g., a cache). The processor 812 of the illustrated example communicates with a main memory including a volatile memory 814 and a non-volatile memory 816 via a bus 818. The volatile memory 814 may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM), and/or any other type of random access memory device. The non-volatile memory 816 may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to the

main memory

814, 816 is controlled by a memory controller.

The processor platform 800 of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit 820. The interface circuit 820 may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an ethernet interface, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, and/or a peripheral component interconnect express (PCI express) interface.

In the illustrated example, one or more input devices 822 are connected to the interface circuit 820. The input device 822 allows a user to enter data and commands into the processor 812. The input means may be implemented by, for example, an audio sensor, a microphone, a camera (camera or video camera), a keyboard, buttons, a mouse, a touch screen, a track pad, a trackball, an isocenter and/or a speech recognition system.

One or more output devices 824 are also connected to the interface circuit 820 of the illustrated example. The output devices 824 can be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a Light Emitting Diode (LED), an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, tactile output devices, a printer, and/or speakers). Thus, the interface circuit 820 of the illustrated example generally includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip, or a graphics driver processor.

The interface circuit 820 of the illustrated example also includes a communication device such as a transmitter, receiver, transceiver, modem, and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., any kind of computing device) via a network 826 (e.g., an ethernet connection, a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).

The processor platform 800 of the illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices 828 for storing software and/or data. Examples of such mass storage devices 828 include floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, optical disk drives, blu-ray disk drives, redundant array of disks systems, and Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) drives.

Coded instructions 832 for implementing the method 700 of fig. 7 may be stored in the mass storage device 828, in the volatile memory 814, in the non-volatile memory 816, and/or on a removable tangible computer-readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD.

As can be appreciated from the foregoing, the above disclosed methods, systems/apparatus, and articles of manufacture enable charging of an EV while the EV is traveling. Example methods, systems/devices, and articles of manufacture form a less cumbersome charging process that enables charging EVs more frequently, relatively quickly, and with minimal interface with the EVs. EVs may employ relatively smaller batteries with smaller capacities, thereby improving the efficiency of the EV and reducing manufacturing costs. Thus, a relatively inexpensive EV may be manufactured, which makes the price of a gas vehicle more competitive.

Although certain example methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture have been disclosed herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle, comprising:

a battery; and

a first charging interface for the battery, the first charging interface disposed on an outer surface of the electric vehicle, the first charging interface configured to engage with a second charging interface on an articulated arm of a mobile charging vehicle to transfer energy from an energy source of the mobile charging vehicle to the battery when the electric vehicle is in motion,

wherein the first charging interface comprises an inductive receiving plate for receiving the energy from an inductive transmitting plate of the second charging interface,

wherein the induction receiving plate is angled downward, and

wherein the articulated arm positions the induction transmitter plate in contact with the induction receiver plate.

2. The electric vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a charge monitoring system to switch the electric vehicle to an autonomous driving mode while the energy is transferred from the energy source to the battery.

3. The electric vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a communication system for transmitting driving information to the mobile charging vehicle, the driving information including at least one of a speed of the electric vehicle, a direction of the electric vehicle, a road condition, or a traffic condition.

4. A mobile charging vehicle for charging an electric vehicle having a battery and a first charging interface, the mobile charging vehicle comprising:

an energy supply device;

an articulated arm;

a second charging interface coupled to an end of the articulated arm; and a controller for moving the articulated arm to engage the second charging interface with the first charging interface while the mobile charging vehicle is moving,

wherein the first charging interface comprises an inductive receiving plate for receiving energy from an inductive transmitting plate of the second charging interface,

wherein the induction receiving plate is angled downward, and

wherein the controller is to control the articulated arm to position the inductive transmitter pad in contact with the inductive receiver pad.

5. The mobile charging vehicle of claim 4, wherein the articulated arm comprises:

a first arm portion rotatably coupled to a front of the mobile charging vehicle; and

a second arm portion rotatably coupled to an end of the first arm portion, the second charging interface being rotatably coupled to the second arm portion.

6. The mobile charging vehicle of claim 5, further comprising a strut having a spring coupled between the second charging interface and the second arm portion to bias the second charging interface outward.

7. The mobile charging vehicle of claim 4, wherein a surface area of the inductive transmitter plate is less than a surface area of the inductive receiver plate.

8. The mobile charging vehicle of claim 4, further comprising an alignment sensor carried by an end of the articulated arm to detect a position of the first charging interface.

9. The mobile charging vehicle of claim 8, wherein the alignment sensor comprises at least one of a camera, a laser, an acoustic sensor, or a maser.

10. An apparatus, comprising:

a first vehicle having a first charging interface; and

a second vehicle having an articulated arm for extending a second charging interface to engage the first charging interface when the first and second vehicles are moving, a second charging interface carried on an end of the articulated arm,

wherein the induction receiving plate is angled downward, an

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the articulated arm is positioned on a front portion of the second vehicle.

12. The device of claim 10, wherein the hinged arm comprises a post having a spring, the second charging interface carried by the post, the spring for biasing the second charging interface toward the first charging interface when the second charging interface is engaged with the first charging.