CN109187222A - The test method and device of oil shale fracture - Google Patents
The test method and device of oil shale fracture Download PDFInfo
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- CN109187222A CN109187222A CN201811162937.3A CN201811162937A CN109187222A CN 109187222 A CN109187222 A CN 109187222A CN 201811162937 A CN201811162937 A CN 201811162937A CN 109187222 A CN109187222 A CN 109187222A
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- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 302
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 217
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000007592 spray painting technique Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The test method and device of a kind of oil shale fracture provided by the invention, method includes: to obtain oil shale test specimen；Oil shale test specimen is heated；It pressurizes to oil shale test specimen, so that oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch, and forms man-made fracture；During pressurizeing to oil shale test specimen, the first acoustic emission signal that oil shale issues is obtained by sound emission microphone；And speckle is continuously shot by video camera；The first corresponding relationship between the spatial position and rupture time of man-made fracture is calculated according to the first acoustic emission signal；The first whole field deformation data of oil shale surface of test piece are calculated according to the pattern that video camera shoots speckle obtained, and according to the second corresponding relationship between the opening displacement and rupture time at the tip of the first whole field deformation data calculating man-made fracture.The application embodiment provides the test method and device of a kind of oil shale fracture that can describe fracture characteristic comprehensively.
Description
Technical field
The test method and dress being broken the present invention relates to petroleum works rock mechanics field more particularly to a kind of oil shale
It sets.
Background technique
Oil shale is a kind of unconventional resource.
The fracture characteristic of oil shale under room temperature is concentrated mainly on to the research of oil shale in the prior art.But oil shale
Mining principle is that oil shale layer is heated and cracked in underground, promotes it to be converted to the oil of high-quality or gas, then pass through phase
Channel is closed to extract oil, gas respectively.Compared to normal temperature condition, the oil shale rock property under hot conditions is had occurred that very
Big to change, the fracture mechanism that the experimental study of oil shale fracture characteristic is carried out under normal temperature condition has obviously been not enough to explain high temperature item
The fracture mechanism of oil shale under part.It is only very limited and inaccurate by artificial observation information obtained and in hot conditions
Really, so that the oil shale fracture process under hot environment can not be described specific and comprehensively.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the application embodiment provides a kind of test of oil shale fracture that can describe fracture characteristic comprehensively
Method and apparatus.
Following technical proposal can be used to realize in above-mentioned purpose of the invention: a kind of test method of oil shale fracture, packet
It includes: obtaining oil shale test specimen；The oil shale test specimen is heated so that the temperature of the oil shale test specimen can reach default
Value；So that the temperature of the oil shale is maintained at the preset value, and pressurize to the oil shale test specimen, so that described
Oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch, and form man-made fracture；Wherein, the notch is located at the oily page
On the outer wall of rock test specimen；During pressurizeing to the oil shale test specimen, the oil is obtained by sound emission microphone
The first acoustic emission signal that shale issues；And the speckle is continuously shot by video camera；Wherein, the sound emission connects
Device is received to be set on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen；The speckle is set to the oil shale test specimen, and to be located at the notch vertical
In on the surface of the side of the cut direction；The spatial position of the man-made fracture is calculated according to first acoustic emission signal
The first corresponding relationship between rupture time；According to the video camera shoot the speckle obtained pattern calculate described in
First whole field deformation data of oil shale surface of test piece, and the man-made fracture is calculated according to the first whole field deformation data
The second corresponding relationship between the opening displacement at tip and the rupture time.
As a preferred embodiment, step obtains oil shale test specimen, specifically include: obtaining oil shale sillar；It will
The oil shale test specimen of the oil shale sillar processing in cuboid shape, wherein the oil shale test specimen has along length side
To the side wall of extension, the side wall includes opposite facing the first side wall and second sidewall and is located at the first side wall and described
The third side wall and the 4th side wall between second sidewall；From the center line edge of the first side wall perpendicular to first side
The oil shale test specimen is cut in the direction of wall, to form the notch between the third side wall and the 4th side wall, and
Penetrate through the both ends of the notch by the third side wall and the 4th side wall respectively.
As a preferred embodiment, after forming the notch, the black spray of spraying high temperature on the third side wall
Paint；And to the white spray painting of third side wall spraying high temperature after the black spray drying, so as to can be formed on the third side wall
The speckle.
As a preferred embodiment, after forming the speckle, in the first side wall and the second sidewall
8 sound emission microphones of upper installation, and coordinate of 8 sound emission microphones in three-dimensional system of coordinate be respectively (0,
40,10), (0, -40,10), (0,20,40), (0, -20,40), (20,10,20), (20, -10,20), (20,10,40),
(20,-10,40)；Wherein, the three-dimensional system of coordinate is using the position of the notch as coordinate origin, extremely with the first side wall
The direction of the second sidewall is X-direction, using the direction of the notch to the right as Y direction, with the upward side of the notch
To the coordinate system established by Z-direction.
As a preferred embodiment, step makes the temperature of the oil shale be maintained at the preset value, and right
The oil shale test specimen pressurizes, so that the oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch, and forms people
Work crack；Wherein, the notch is located on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen, specifically includes: the oil shale test specimen is placed
In on three-axis tester；Wherein, fixture is provided on the three-axis tester, the fixture includes first pressure with wedge-shaped part
Head and two fulcrums being located at below first pressure head；The second sidewall of the oil shale test specimen offsets with the wedge-shaped part,
The first side wall of the oil shale test specimen offsets with two fulcrums, and the wedge-shaped part is located at the surface of the notch；Two
A fulcrum is symmetrical arranged relative to the notch；The fixture is located in heating mantle；The heating mantle is for making the oil
The temperature of shale is maintained at the preset value；Start the three-axis tester, so that the second pressure head of the three-axis tester
Downward active force can be applied to the first pressure head of the fixture.
As a preferred embodiment, being wound with pipeline, one end of the pipeline and water pump on first pressure head
It communicates, the other end of the pipeline is connected with water tank, and the water pump is used to make described in the ice water inflow in the water tank
In pipeline, to cool down to first pressure head.
As a preferred embodiment, before starting the three-axis tester, by graduated scale along first side
The length direction of wall is placed in parallel with the first side wall, and is opened the video camera and shot the graduated scale and first side
Wall.
As a preferred embodiment, adjusting the camera lens of the video camera before starting the three-axis tester
Height so that the third side wall is located at the front of the camera lens, and the focal length of the camera lens is adjusted, so that institute
Top to the region between the wedge-shaped part for stating the notch of oil shale test specimen can clearly be taken the photograph full of entirely described completely
The camera lens of camera.
As a preferred embodiment, the sound emission microphone is arranged in copper cap, the sound emission microphone
Couplant is provided between the copper cap, the copper cap is pasted on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen by fire resistant resin
On.
As a preferred embodiment, before the black spray painting of spraying high temperature on the third side wall, further includes: right
The third side wall is polished, so that the roughness of the third side wall is in default range.
As a preferred embodiment, the number of the video camera shooting per second increases in first acoustic emission signal
Increase after more.
As a preferred embodiment, passing through the sound during heating to the oil shale test specimen
Transceiver obtains the second acoustic emission signal that the oil shale issues；And speckle is continuously shot by video camera；
Second whole audience that the pattern of the speckle obtained calculates the oil shale surface of test piece can be shot according to the video camera
Deformation data.
A kind of experimental rig of oil shale fracture comprising: first obtains module, and the first acquisition module is for obtaining
Oil shale test specimen；Heating module, the heating module is for heating the oil shale test specimen so that the oil shale tries
The temperature of part can reach preset value；Compression module, the compression module are described for being maintained at the temperature of the oil shale
Preset value, and pressurize to the oil shale test specimen, so that the oil shale test specimen can occur along the cut direction of notch
Fracture, and form man-made fracture；Wherein, the notch is located on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen；Second obtains module, described
Second, which obtains module, is used for during pressurizeing to the oil shale test specimen, obtains the oil by sound emission microphone
The first acoustic emission signal that shale issues；And the speckle is continuously shot by video camera；Wherein, the sound emission connects
Device is received to be set on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen；The speckle is set to the oil shale test specimen, and to be located at the notch vertical
In on the surface of the side of the cut direction；Computing module, the computing module are used for according to first acoustic emission signal
Calculate the first corresponding relationship between the spatial position and rupture time of the man-made fracture；It is obtained according to video camera shooting
The pattern of the speckle obtained calculates the first whole field deformation data of the oil shale surface of test piece, and according to first whole audience
Deformation data calculates the second corresponding relationship between the opening displacement at the tip of the man-made fracture and the rupture time.
The test method and device beneficial effect of oil shale fracture provided by the present application are: the oily page of the application embodiment
The test method of rock fracture is by being arranged notch, oil shale test specimen being enabled to be broken in the cut direction of notch, and the two of notch
End is opened wide, so notch forms opening on the first surface, so in the fracture process of oil shale test specimen, the tip of opening
Opening displacement data are the opening displacement data at the tip of man-made fracture.So as to pass through the whole field deformation for calculating first surface
Obtain the opening displacement data at the tip of man-made fracture.It can obtain what the oil shale issued by sound emission microphone again simultaneously
First acoustic emission signal can so orient the man-made fracture in oil shale test specimen fracture process by first acoustic emission signal
The spatial position of generation.And then first can be respectively obtained by the opening displacement data at the spatial position and the tip of man-made fracture
Corresponding relationship and the second corresponding relationship.First corresponding relationship describes the spy of the variation inside each time point oil shale sample
Sign, second corresponding relationship describe the variation characteristic outside each time point oil shale sample, so can be corresponding by first
Inside and outside variation characteristic during relationship and the second corresponding relationship accurate description oil shale sample fracture.Therefore, the application is real
The mode of applying provides the test method and device of a kind of oil shale fracture that can describe fracture characteristic comprehensively.
Detailed description of the invention
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the test method for the oil shale fracture that one embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 2 is the test process schematic for the oil shale fracture that one embodiment of the present invention provides；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of sound emission microphone arrangement on the third side wall of one embodiment of the present invention offer；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of sound emission microphone arrangement on the 4th side wall of one embodiment of the present invention offer；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the heating mantle that one embodiment of the present invention provides and fixture assembling process；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the heating mantle that one embodiment of the present invention provides and fixture assembly effect；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the sound emission microphone that one embodiment of the present invention provides and copper cap assembling process；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the sound emission microphone that one embodiment of the present invention provides and copper cap assembly effect；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of pipeline on the first pressure head of one embodiment of the present invention offer；
Figure 10 is the module map of the experimental rig for the oil shale fracture that one embodiment of the present invention provides.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2.The test method for the oil shale fracture that a kind of embodiment of the application provides, can wrap
It includes: step S11: obtaining oil shale test specimen；Step S13: heating the oil shale test specimen so that the oil shale test specimen
Temperature can reach preset value；Step S15: the temperature of the oil shale is made to be maintained at the preset value, and to the oil
Shale test specimen pressurizes, so that the oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch 21, and is formed and is manually split
Seam；Wherein, the notch 21 is located on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen；Step S17: add to the oil shale test specimen
During pressure, the first acoustic emission signal that the oil shale issues is obtained by sound emission microphone 25；And pass through video camera
23 pairs of speckles are continuously shot；Wherein, the sound emission microphone 25 is set on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen；
The speckle is set to the oil shale test specimen and is located at the notch 21 perpendicular on the surface of the side of the cut direction；Step
Rapid S19: first pair between the spatial position and rupture time of the man-made fracture is calculated according to first acoustic emission signal
It should be related to；The first of the oil shale surface of test piece is calculated according to the pattern that the video camera 23 shoots the speckle obtained
Whole field deformation data, and according to the first whole field deformation data calculate the opening displacement at the tip of the man-made fracture with it is described
The second corresponding relationship between rupture time.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions: the test method of the oil shale fracture of the application embodiment is cut by setting
Mouth 21 enables oil shale test specimen to be broken in the cut direction of notch 21, so that oil shale test specimen is located at notch 21 vertically
In can be torn on the surface of the side of cut direction, so in the fracture process of oil shale test specimen, the tip of man-made fracture
Opening displacement data can be torn the whole field deformation on surface by calculating and obtain.And then the tip of man-made fracture can be established
The second corresponding relationship between opening displacement and rupture time.Simultaneously the oil shale can be obtained by sound emission microphone 25 again
The first acoustic emission signal issued can so orient the people in oil shale test specimen fracture process by first acoustic emission signal
The spatial position that work crack generates.And then the first corresponding pass between the spatial position of man-made fracture and rupture time can be established
System.First corresponding relationship describes the variation characteristic inside each time point oil shale sample 11, and second corresponding relationship
The variation characteristic outside each time point oil shale sample 11 is described, can so be closed by the way that the first corresponding relationship and second are corresponding
It is the inside and outside variation characteristic in 11 fracture process of accurate description oil shale sample.
As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, step S11: obtaining oil shale test specimen.Wherein, the outer wall of oil shale test specimen
On be provided with the notch 21 of both ends open；Sound emission microphone 25 is provided on the outer wall of oil shale test specimen；Oil shale test specimen position
In being provided with speckle on surface of the notch 21 perpendicular to the side of cut direction.The notch 21 is for making man-made fracture along fracture side
To extension, i.e., the notch 21 play the role of control man-made fracture direction.The sound emission microphone 25 is for receiving oil shale
The first acoustic emission signal issued.The speckle is used for the object of reference to deform as surface in oil shale test specimen fracture process.
Further, which can obtain from the oil shale rock of nature.
Further, step S11: oil shale test specimen is obtained；It specifically includes:
Step 111: obtaining oil shale sillar.The oil shale sillar is the oil shale rock of nature.
As shown in figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5, step 113: oil shale sillar is processed into oil shale test specimen in cuboid shape,
In, oil shale test specimen has the side wall extended along its length, and side wall includes opposite facing the first side wall 13 and second sidewall 15
And third side wall 17 and the 4th side wall 19 between the first side wall 13 and second sidewall 15.I.e. the oil shale test specimen has
First end and second end along its length, the side wall are located between the first end and second end.Specifically, the oil shale test specimen
Length be 90m, width 20m, be highly 60m.So first side, second side, third side and the 4th side
The side length of longest edge is 90m.And first side is parallel with second side, third side is parallel with the 4th side.Certainly,
Length, width, the height of the oil shale test specimen are without being limited thereto, do not provide to this application.
Step 115: oil shale test specimen is cut along the direction perpendicular to the first side wall 13 from the center line of the first side wall 13, with
Notch 21 is formed between third side wall 17 and the 4th side wall 19, and makes the both ends of notch 21 respectively by third side wall 17 and the 4th
Side wall 19 penetrates through.I.e. when the first side wall 13 is the bottom wall of oil shale test specimen, from the cutting oil page of the first side wall 13 straight up
Rock test specimen.And notch 21 is located on third side wall 17 and the 4th side wall 19 perpendicular to the both ends of cut direction.And notch 21
Both ends opening is formed on third side wall 17 and the 4th side wall 19.I.e. notch 21 is third side perpendicular to the side of cut direction
Wall 17 or the 4th side wall 19.To which when cut direction extension of the man-made fracture along notch 21, notch 21 is in third side wall 17
On opening size and change with the extension of man-made fracture in the size of 19 upper opening of the 4th side wall, so as to by should
The opening displacement at man-made fracture tip is known in the variation of openings of sizes.Further, which is by being sanded with Buddha's warrior attendant
The bench drill of piece carries out cutting and is formed by width to be 1mm, and length is the notch through oil shale test specimen of 10mm.
Further, after forming notch 21, the black spray painting of spraying high temperature on third side wall 17；And after black spray drying
To the white spray painting of 17 spraying high temperature of third side wall, so as to which speckle can be formed on third side wall 17.That is the effect of speckle is: as calculating
The object of reference of the whole field deformation of third side wall 17.The Computing Principle of whole field deformation is: using the principle of Digital Image Correlation Method,
Required picture is found out from the plurality of pictures of the third side wall 17 shot during generation in man-made fracture, by not
It is disconnected and shoot the picture before this picture and compare, the variation of a certain zonule displacement is found out, to obtain third side wall 17
Whole field deformation.Since third side wall 17 is provided with speckle, so obtaining third side wall 17 by the variation of the displacement of the speckle
Whole field deformation enable to calculate whole field deformation it is more convenient and more acurrate.Further, when operation, it is possible, firstly, to by oily page
Rock test specimen is laid flat on the ground, and the first side wall 13 is made to be bottom wall.To which third side wall 17 can vertical direction placement.Then, exist
The black spray painting of high temperature is sprayed in front apart from 17 preset distance of third side wall, so that the black spray painting of high temperature can uniformly land by spraying
To sillar.Finally, it is white in the front apart from 17 preset distance of third side wall to spray high temperature at a distance after black spray drying
Spray painting, so that the white spray painting of high temperature can uniformly be drop on sillar by spraying.The preset distance is about 350mm.The black spray of the high temperature
Paint and the temperature of the white spray painting of high temperature are 550 DEG C.It can be avoided using the black spray painting and white spray painting of high temperature in subsequent heat process
Middle black and white spray painting color has significant change and depainting phenomenon, influences entire test effect.
Preferably, in order to avoid during subsequent paint the lesser paint spray of particle can converge the biggish water of adult form
Drop-wise paint, influences subsequent optical collection effect, before the black spray painting of spraying high temperature on third side wall 17, further includes: to the
Three side walls 17 are polished, so that the roughness of third side wall 17 is in default range.So as to make the black spray painting of high temperature and height
The white spray painting of temperature can form speckle.The preset range can be limited according to practical situation, not provided to this application.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, further, after forming speckle, 8 are installed on the first side wall 13 and second sidewall 15
Sound emission microphone 25, and coordinate of 8 sound emission microphones 25 in three-dimensional system of coordinate is (0,40,10) respectively, (0, -40,
10), (0,20,40), (0, -20,40), (20,10,20), (20, -10,20), (20,10,40), (20, -10,40)；Wherein,
Three-dimensional system of coordinate be using the position of notch 21 as coordinate origin, using the first side wall 13 to the direction of second sidewall 15 as X-direction,
Using the direction of notch 21 to the right as Y direction, the coordinate system established using 21 upwardly direction of notch by Z-direction.
As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, it is preferable that sound emission microphone 25 is arranged in copper cap 49.In order to enhance acoustic emission probe
The effect of monitoring signals is provided with couplant between sound emission microphone 25 and copper cap 49.Glue under hot environment in order to prevent
Rotten, so that copper cap 49, which falls off, influences the acquisition of acoustic emission signal, copper cap 49 is pasted on oil shale test specimen by fire resistant resin
Outer wall on.Further, as shown in Fig. 2, the sound emission microphone 25 is electrically connected one end of amplifier 28, amplifier 28
The other end and acoustic emission detector 30 are electrically connected.Acoustic emission signal is obtained so as to which detector 30 occurs by sound.When operation,
High temperature resistant is used first, and specifically, which can be 1000 DEG C, and copper cap 49 is pasted on the of oil shale test specimen by epoxide-resin glue
On three side walls 17 and the 4th side wall 19.Then after copper cap 49 is fixed, in the bottom end daubing coupling agent of sound emission microphone 25.It connects
The bottom end of sound emission microphone 25 is put into copper cap 49 and is compressed.The top connection acoustic emission of sound emission microphone 25 is led
Line 26.
As shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, in the present embodiment, step S13: heating oil shale test specimen so that oil shale tries
The temperature of part can reach in preset value, which is heated by heating cap.Simultaneously in order to below can be to oil
Shale test specimen pressurizes, which is fixed in fixture 35.Specifically, oil shale test specimen is fixed on folder first
In tool 35.Oil shale test specimen is placed between the first pressure head 37 of fixture 35 and fulcrum 41.First pressure head 37 has wedge
Shape portion 39.In order to make the propagation direction of man-made fracture along the cut direction of notch 21, by wedge-shaped part 39 and oily page when fixed
The part faced in the second sidewall 15 of rock test specimen with notch 21 offsets.By the first side wall 13 of oil shale test specimen and two branch
Point 41 offsets, and is symmetrical arranged two fulcrums 41 relative to notch 21.So apply downward active force to the first pressure head 37
When, which can act on oil shale test specimen along the opposite direction of the cut direction of notch 21, to guarantee oil shale test specimen
It can be broken along the cut direction of notch 21, and form man-made fracture.After the fixation of oil shale test specimen is on fixture 35, it will press from both sides
Tool 35 is placed in heating mantle 51 together with oil shale test specimen.Start heating mantle 51, so that heating mantle 51 can be to oil shale test specimen
It is heated, and the temperature of oil shale test specimen is enable to reach preset value.The preset value is, for example, 400 DEG C.
In one embodiment, it during being heated to oil shale test specimen, is obtained by sound emission microphone 25
The second acoustic emission signal for taking oil shale to issue；And speckle is continuously shot by video camera 23；With can be according to video camera
The pattern of 23 shooting speckles obtained calculates the second whole field deformation data of oil shale surface of test piece.Due to the process temperature of heating
Degree variation may cause to damage to rock, so can analyze heating by the second acoustic emission signal and the second whole field deformation data
Oil shale test specimen micro rupture feature in the process.
Further, it in order to shoot speckle by video camera 23 during heating, heats
Form 53 is provided on set 51.Video camera 23 is located at the front of the form 53.The width of the form 53 can be 6cm, height
It can be 6cm.And it is provided with light source in the heating mantle 51, so that light can pass through view when heating mantle 51 wraps fixture 35
Window 53 enters in the camera lens of video camera 23.Specifically, it when operation, is heated in starting heating mantle 51 to oil shale test specimen
Before, the height for adjusting the camera lens of video camera 23 is located at the third side of oil shale test specimen in form 53.And open heating mantle
Light source in 51, while adjusting the focal length of 23 camera lens of video camera, so that the top of the notch 21 of oil shale test specimen is to wedge-shaped part 39
Between region completely clearly be full of entire 23 camera lens of video camera.Then start heating mantle 51, video camera 23 and sound simultaneously
Transceiver 25.
In the present embodiment, step S15: making the temperature of oil shale be maintained at preset value, and to oil shale test specimen into
Row pressurization, so that oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch 21, and forms man-made fracture.When oil shale test specimen
When being broken along the cut direction of notch 21, man-made fracture is extended along cut direction, so as to make the extension of man-made fracture
Path is located in 23 camera lens of video camera, and the picture so as to be obtained according to captured by video camera 23 obtains the tip of man-made fracture
Opening displacement, and then the fracture characteristic in crack can be appreciated more fully.Further, in order to the temperature for making oil shale be maintained at it is pre-
If value close sound emission microphone 25 and video camera 23 after the temperature of oil shale test specimen can reach preset value, and by rock
Block places 4 hours under target temperature environment.
In one embodiment, step S15: the temperature of oil shale is made to be maintained at preset value, and to oil shale test specimen
It pressurizes, so that oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch 21, and forms man-made fracture；Wherein, notch
21 are located on the outer wall of oil shale test specimen, specifically include:
Step S105: oil shale test specimen is placed on three-axis tester 29；Wherein, folder is provided on three-axis tester 29
Tool 35, fixture 35 include first pressure head 37 and two fulcrums 41 being located at below the first pressure head 37 with wedge-shaped part 39；Oily page
The second sidewall 15 of rock test specimen offsets with wedge-shaped part 39, and the first side wall 13 of oil shale test specimen offsets with two fulcrums 41, wedge shape
Portion 39 is located at the surface of notch 21；Two fulcrums 41 are symmetrical arranged relative to notch 21；Fixture 35 is located in heating mantle 51；Add
Hot jacket 51 is for making the temperature of oil shale be maintained at preset value.
Step S107: starting three-axis tester 29, so that the second pressure head 33 of three-axis tester 29 can be to the of fixture 35
One pressure head 37 applies downward active force.To which the second pressure head 33 can act on first along the opposite direction of the cut direction of notch 21
On pressure head 37, and then act on oil shale test specimen to guarantee that it is disconnected that oil shale test specimen can occur along the cut direction of notch 21
It splits, and forms man-made fracture.Further, the perforation of the first pressure head 37 stretching for fixture 35 is provided in heating mantle 51.Three
The lifting device 31 placed for fixture 35 is provided on shaft experiment machine 29.When operation, by lifting device 31, rise fixture 35,
So that the first pressure head 37 offsets with the second pressure head 33, and the loading device for starting three-axis tester 29 is loaded with 0.02mm/min
Rate is loaded.Predetermined force is 0.1KN to 0.2KN.
As shown in Figure 9, it is preferable that the first pressure head 37 of fixture 35 leads to heat transfer and makes the second pressure head 33 in order to prevent
Temperature increases and destroys the sensitive device at the second pressure head 33, is wound with pipeline 43 on the first pressure head 37, one end of pipeline 43 with
Water pump 45 communicates, and the other end of pipeline 43 is connected with water tank 47, and water pump 45 is used to make the ice water in water tank 47 to flow into pipe
In line 43, to cool down to the first pressure head 37.So that water pump 45 is opened, so that water tank when starting three-axis tester 29
In ice water energy inflow line 43 in 47, to cool down to the first pressure head 37.
In the present embodiment, it step S17: during pressurizeing to oil shale test specimen, is received by sound emission
Device 25 obtains the first acoustic emission signal that oil shale issues；And speckle is continuously shot by video camera 23；Wherein, sound is sent out
Receiver 25 is penetrated to be set on the outer wall of oil shale test specimen；Speckle is set to oil shale test specimen and is located at notch 21 perpendicular to cutting side
To side surface on.
Further, since during heating, temperature change may cause to damage to rock, so in starting three
Before shaft experiment machine 29, adjust video camera 23 camera lens height so that third side wall 17 be located at 23 camera lens of video camera just before
Side, and the focal length of camera lens is adjusted, so that the top of the notch 21 of oil shale test specimen to the region between wedge-shaped part 39 can be completely clear
It is full of the camera lens of entire video camera 23 clearly.
The foundation for judging oil shale size when further, in order to be handled as follow-up data, in starting triaxial test
Before machine 29, the length direction by graduated scale along the first side wall 13 is placed in parallel with the first side wall 13, and opens the bat of video camera 23
Take the photograph graduated scale and the first side wall 13.To be demarcated to the length of the first side wall 13 before pressurization.
Preferably, the number of the shooting per second of video camera 23 increases after the first acoustic emission signal increases.Specifically, first
Before violent phenomenon occurs in sound emission, setting video camera 23 per minute open by shooting one or half a minute one.When the first sound emission is believed
When number increasing, the shooting three per second of setting video camera 23 prevents computer from causing to collapse because of memory space inadequate.
Further, when the pressure curve for observing the acquisition of three-axis tester 29 declines by a relatively large margin suddenly, illustrate oily page
Rock test specimen has been destroyed, and is first passed through lifting device 31 at this time and is declined fixture 35, removes axis pressure, turn off 25 He of sound emission microphone
Video camera 23.
In the present embodiment, spatial position and the fracture of man-made fracture step S19: are obtained according to the first acoustic emission signal
The first corresponding relationship between time；The first complete of first surface is calculated according to the pattern that video camera 23 shoots speckle obtained
Field deformation data, and according between the opening displacement and rupture time at the tip of the first whole field deformation data calculating man-made fracture
Second corresponding relationship.First corresponding relationship describes the variation characteristic inside each time point oil shale sample 11, and this
Two corresponding relationships describe the variation characteristic outside each time point oil shale sample 11, so can by the first corresponding relationship with
Inside and outside variation characteristic in second corresponding relationship accurate description oil shale sample, 11 fracture process.
Please refer to Figure 10.The experimental rig for the oil shale fracture that a kind of embodiment of the application provides may include: the
One obtains module 50, and the first acquisition module 50 is for obtaining oil shale test specimen；Heating module 52, heating module 52 are used for oily page
Rock test specimen is heated so that the temperature of oil shale test specimen can reach preset value；Compression module 54, compression module 54 is for making
The temperature of oil shale is maintained at preset value, and pressurizes to oil shale test specimen, so that oil shale test specimen can be along notch 21
Cut direction is broken, and forms man-made fracture；Wherein, notch 21 is located on the outer wall of oil shale test specimen；Second obtains mould
Block 56, second, which obtains module 56, is used for during pressurizeing to oil shale test specimen, is obtained by sound emission microphone 25
The first acoustic emission signal that oil shale issues；And speckle is continuously shot by video camera 23；Wherein, sound emission microphone
25 are set on the outer wall of oil shale test specimen；Speckle is set to oil shale test specimen and is located at notch 21 perpendicular to the side of cut direction
Surface on；Computing module 58, computing module 58 be used for according to the first acoustic emission signal calculate man-made fracture spatial position with
The first corresponding relationship between rupture time；Oil shale test specimen table is calculated according to the pattern that video camera 23 shoots speckle obtained
The first whole field deformation data in face, and according to the opening displacement at the tip of the first whole field deformation data calculating man-made fracture and fracture
The second corresponding relationship between time.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions: the experimental rig of the oil shale fracture of the application embodiment is cut by setting
Mouth 21 enables oil shale test specimen to be broken in the cut direction of notch 21, so that oil shale test specimen is located at notch 21 vertically
In can be torn on the surface of the side of cut direction, so in the fracture process of oil shale test specimen, the tip of man-made fracture
Opening displacement data can be torn the whole field deformation on surface by calculating and obtain.And then the tip of man-made fracture can be established
The second corresponding relationship between opening displacement and rupture time.Oil shale can be obtained by sound emission microphone 25 again simultaneously to issue
The first acoustic emission signal, so can be oriented by first acoustic emission signal in oil shale test specimen fracture process artificial splitting
Stitch the spatial position generated.And then the first corresponding relationship between the spatial position of man-made fracture and rupture time can be established.It should
First corresponding relationship describes the variation characteristic inside each time point oil shale sample 11, and second corresponding relationship describes
Variation characteristic outside each time point oil shale sample 11, so can be accurate by the first corresponding relationship and the second corresponding relationship
Inside and outside variation characteristic in 11 fracture process of oil shale sample is described.
As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, first, which obtains module 50, obtains oil shale test specimen.Wherein, oil shale test specimen
Outer wall on be provided with the notch 21 of both ends open；Sound emission microphone 25 is provided on the outer wall of oil shale test specimen；Oil shale
Test specimen is located at notch 21 perpendicular to being provided with speckle on the surface of the side of cut direction.The notch 21 is for making man-made fracture edge
Rift direction extension, the i.e. notch 21 play the role of controlling the direction of man-made fracture.The sound emission microphone 25 is for receiving
The first acoustic emission signal that oil shale issues.The speckle is used for the ginseng to deform as surface in oil shale test specimen fracture process
According to object.Further, which can obtain from the oil shale rock of nature.
Further, first the acquisition oil shale test specimen of module 50 is obtained；It specifically includes:
Third obtains module, which obtains module for obtaining oil shale sillar.The oil shale sillar is nature
Oil shale rock.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, processing module, the processing module are used for the oily page by the processing of oil shale sillar in cuboid shape
Rock test specimen, wherein oil shale test specimen has the side wall that extends along its length, and side wall includes opposite facing the first side wall 13 and the
Two side walls 15 and third side wall 17 and the 4th side wall 19 between the first side wall 13 and second sidewall 15.That is the oil shale
Test specimen has first end and second end along its length, which is located between the first end and second end.Specifically, the oil
The length of shale test specimen is 90m, width 20m, is highly 60m.So first side, second side, third side and
The side length of the longest edge of four sides is 90m.And first side is parallel with second side, third side is equal with the 4th side
Row.Certainly, the length of the oil shale test specimen, width, height are without being limited thereto, do not provide to this application.
Cutting module, the cutting module is from the center line edge of the first side wall 13 perpendicular to the direction cutting oil of the first side wall 13
Shale test specimen to form notch 21 between third side wall 17 and the 4th side wall 19, and makes the both ends of notch 21 respectively by third
Side wall 17 and the perforation of the 4th side wall 19.I.e. when the first side wall 13 be oil shale test specimen bottom wall when, from the first side wall 13 vertically to
On cutting oil shale test specimen.And notch 21 is located at third side wall 17 and the 4th side wall 19 perpendicular to the both ends of cut direction
On.And the both ends of notch 21 form opening on third side wall 17 and the 4th side wall 19.I.e. notch 21 is perpendicular to cut direction
Side is third side wall 17 or the 4th side wall 19.Thus when cut direction extension of the man-made fracture along notch 21, notch 21
The size of opening on third side wall 17 and change with the extension of man-made fracture in the size of 19 upper opening of the 4th side wall,
The opening displacement at man-made fracture tip is known so as to the variation by the openings of sizes.Further, which is to pass through
Bench drill with carborundum disk carries out cutting and is formed by width to be 1mm, the lacking through oil shale test specimen that length is 10mm
Mouthful.
Further, after forming notch 21, the black spray painting of spraying high temperature on third side wall 17；And after black spray drying
To the white spray painting of 17 spraying high temperature of third side wall, so as to which speckle can be formed on third side wall 17.That is the effect of speckle is: as calculating
The object of reference of the whole field deformation of third side wall 17.The Computing Principle of whole field deformation is: using the principle of Digital Image Correlation Method,
Required picture is found out from the plurality of pictures of the third side wall 17 shot during generation in man-made fracture, by not
It is disconnected and shoot the picture before this picture and compare, the variation of a certain zonule displacement is found out, to obtain third side wall 17
Whole field deformation.Since third side wall 17 is provided with speckle point, so obtaining third side by the variation of the displacement of the speckle point
The whole field deformation of wall 17 enables to calculating whole field deformation more convenient and more acurrate.Further, when operation, it is possible, firstly, to will
Oil shale test specimen is laid flat on the ground, and the first side wall 13 is made to be bottom wall.To which third side wall 17 can vertical direction placement.So
Afterwards, the black spray painting of high temperature is sprayed in the front apart from 17 preset distance of third side wall, so that the spraying of the black spray painting of high temperature can be
It is even to drop on sillar.Finally, being sprayed at a distance after black spray drying in the front apart from 17 preset distance of third side wall
The white spray painting of high temperature, so that the white spray painting of high temperature can uniformly be drop on sillar by spraying.The preset distance is about 350mm.The height
The temperature of the black spray painting of temperature and the white spray painting of high temperature is 550 DEG C.It can be avoided using the black spray painting and white spray painting of high temperature and add subsequent
Black and white spray painting color has significant change and depainting phenomenon in thermal process, influences entire test effect.
Preferably, in order to avoid during subsequent paint the lesser paint spray of particle can converge the biggish water of adult form
Drop-wise paint, influences subsequent optical collection effect, before the black spray painting of spraying high temperature on third side wall 17, further includes: to the
Three side walls 17 are polished, so that the roughness of third side wall 17 is in default range.So as to make the black spray painting of high temperature and height
The white spray painting of temperature can form speckle.The preset range can be limited according to practical situation, not provided to this application.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, further, after forming speckle, 8 are installed on the first side wall 13 and second sidewall 15
Sound emission microphone 25, and coordinate of 8 sound emission microphones 25 in three-dimensional system of coordinate is (0,40,10) respectively, (0, -40,
10), (0,20,40), (0, -20,40), (20,10,20), (20, -10,20), (20,10,40), (20, -10,40)；Wherein,
Three-dimensional system of coordinate be using the position of notch 21 as coordinate origin, using the first side wall 13 to the direction of second sidewall 15 as X-direction,
Using the direction of notch 21 to the right as Y direction, the coordinate system established using 21 upwardly direction of notch by Z-direction.
As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, it is preferable that sound emission microphone 25 is arranged in copper cap 49.In order to enhance acoustic emission probe
The effect of monitoring signals is provided with couplant between sound emission microphone 25 and copper cap 49.Glue under hot environment in order to prevent
Rotten, so that copper cap 49, which falls off, influences the acquisition of acoustic emission signal, copper cap 49 is pasted on oil shale test specimen by fire resistant resin
Outer wall on.When operation, high temperature resistant is used first, specifically, which can be 1000 DEG C, and epoxide-resin glue pastes copper cap 49
In on the third side wall 17 and the 4th side wall 19 of oil shale test specimen.Then after copper cap 49 is fixed, in sound emission microphone 25
Bottom daubing coupling agent.Then sound emission microphone 25 is put into copper cap 49 and is compressed.
In the present embodiment, heating module 52 heats oil shale test specimen so that the temperature of oil shale test specimen can reach
Into preset value, which is heated by heating cap.While in order to be carried out below to oil shale test specimen
Pressurization, the oil shale test specimen are fixed in fixture 35.Specifically, oil shale test specimen is fixed in fixture 35 first.It will
Oil shale test specimen is placed between the first pressure head 37 of fixture 35 and fulcrum 41.First pressure head 37 has wedge-shaped part 39.In order to
The propagation direction of man-made fracture can be made along the cut direction of notch 21, by wedge-shaped part 39 and the second of oil shale test specimen when fixed
The part faced on side wall 15 with notch 21 offsets.The first side wall 13 of oil shale test specimen and two fulcrums 41 are offseted, and
It is symmetrical arranged two fulcrums 41 relative to notch 21.When so applying downward active force to the first pressure head 37, the active force
It can be acted on oil shale test specimen along the opposite direction of the cut direction of notch 21, to guarantee that oil shale test specimen can be along notch 21
Cut direction is broken, and forms man-made fracture.After the fixation of oil shale test specimen is on fixture 35, by fixture 35 together with oily page
Rock test specimen is placed in heating mantle 51.Start heating mantle 51, so that heating mantle 51 can heat oil shale test specimen, and makes
The temperature of oil shale test specimen can reach preset value.The preset value is, for example, 400 DEG C.
In one embodiment, it during being heated to oil shale test specimen, is obtained by sound emission microphone 25
The second acoustic emission signal for taking oil shale to issue；And speckle is continuously shot by video camera 23；With can be according to video camera
The pattern of 23 shooting speckles obtained calculates the second whole field deformation data of oil shale surface of test piece.Due to the process temperature of heating
Degree variation may cause to damage to rock, so can analyze heating by the second acoustic emission signal and the second whole field deformation data
Oil shale test specimen micro rupture feature in the process.
Further, it in order to shoot speckle by video camera 23 during heating, heats
Form 53 is provided on set 51.Video camera 23 is located at the front of the form 53.The width of the form 53 can be 6cm, height
It can be 6cm.And it is provided with light source in the heating mantle 51, so that light can pass through view when heating mantle 51 wraps fixture 35
Window 53 enters in the camera lens of video camera 23.Specifically, it when operation, is heated in starting heating mantle 51 to oil shale test specimen
Before, the height for adjusting the camera lens of video camera 23 is located at the third side of oil shale test specimen in form 53.And open heating mantle
Light source in 51, while adjusting the focal length of 23 camera lens of video camera, so that the top of the notch 21 of oil shale test specimen is to wedge-shaped part 39
Between region completely clearly be full of entire 23 camera lens of video camera.Then start heating mantle 51, video camera 23 and sound simultaneously
Transceiver 25.
In the present embodiment, compression module 54 makes the temperature of oil shale be maintained at preset value, and to oil shale test specimen
It pressurizes, so that oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch 21, and forms man-made fracture.When oil shale tries
When part is broken along the cut direction of notch 21, man-made fracture is extended along cut direction, so as to make the expansion of man-made fracture
Exhibition path is located in 23 camera lens of video camera, and the picture so as to be obtained according to captured by video camera 23 obtains the tip of man-made fracture
Opening displacement, and then the fracture characteristic in crack can be appreciated more fully.Further, in order to be maintained at the temperature of oil shale
Preset value closes sound emission microphone 25 and video camera 23, and will after the temperature of oil shale test specimen can reach preset value
Sillar places 4 hours under target temperature environment.
In one embodiment, compression module 54 makes the temperature of oil shale be maintained at preset value, and tries oil shale
Part pressurizes, so that oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch 21, and forms man-made fracture；Wherein, it cuts
Mouth 21 is located on the outer wall of oil shale test specimen, specifically includes:
Placement module, the placement module are used to oil shale test specimen being placed in three-axis tester 29；Wherein, triaxial test
Be provided with fixture 35 on machine 29, fixture 35 include have wedge-shaped part 39 the first pressure head 37 and two be located at 37 lower section of the first pressure head
Fulcrum 41；The second sidewall 15 of oil shale test specimen offsets with wedge-shaped part 39, the first side wall 13 of oil shale test specimen and two branch
Point 41 offsets, and wedge-shaped part 39 is located at the surface of notch 21；Two fulcrums 41 are symmetrical arranged relative to notch 21；Fixture 35 is located at
In heating mantle 51；Heating mantle 51 is for making the temperature of oil shale be maintained at preset value.
Starting module, the starting module is for starting three-axis tester 29, so that the second pressure head 33 of three-axis tester 29
Downward active force can be applied to the first pressure head 37 of fixture 35.To which the second pressure head 33 can be along the anti-of the cut direction of notch 21
Direction acts on the first pressure head 37, and then acts on oil shale test specimen to guarantee that oil shale test specimen can cutting along notch 21
It cuts direction to be broken, and forms man-made fracture.Further, the first pressure head 37 being provided in heating mantle 51 for fixture 35 is stretched
Perforation out.The lifting device 31 placed for fixture 35 is provided on three-axis tester 29.When operation, by lifting device 31,
Rise fixture 35 so that the first pressure head 37 offsets with the second pressure head 33, and start the loading device of three-axis tester 29 with
0.02mm/min loading speed is loaded.Predetermined force is 0.1KN to 0.2KN.
Preferably, in order to prevent the first pressure head 37 of fixture 35 lead to heat transfer make the second pressure head 33 temperature increase and
The sensitive device at the second pressure head 33 to be destroyed, pipeline 43 is wound on the first pressure head 37, one end of pipeline 43 is communicated with water pump 45,
The other end of pipeline 43 is connected with water tank 47, and water pump 45 is used to make in the ice water inflow line 43 in water tank 47, with right
First pressure head 37 cools down.So that water pump 45 is opened, so that the ice water energy in water tank 47 when starting three-axis tester 29
In inflow line 43, to cool down to the first pressure head 37.
In the present embodiment, second module 56 is obtained during pressurizeing to oil shale test specimen, sent out by sound
It penetrates receiver 25 and obtains the first acoustic emission signal that oil shale issues；And speckle is continuously shot by video camera 23；Its
In, sound emission microphone 25 is set on the outer wall of oil shale test specimen；Speckle is set to oil shale test specimen and is located at notch 21 vertically
In on the surface of the side of cut direction.
Further, since during heating, temperature change may cause to damage to rock, so in starting three
Before shaft experiment machine 29, adjust video camera 23 camera lens height so that third side wall 17 be located at 23 camera lens of video camera just before
Side, and the focal length of camera lens is adjusted, so that the top of the notch 21 of oil shale test specimen to the region between wedge-shaped part 39 can be completely clear
It is full of the camera lens of entire video camera 23 clearly.
The foundation for judging oil shale size when further, in order to be handled as follow-up data, in starting triaxial test
Before machine 29, the length direction by graduated scale along the first side wall 13 is placed in parallel with the first side wall 13, and opens the bat of video camera 23
Take the photograph graduated scale and the first side wall 13.To be demarcated to the length of the first side wall 13 before pressurization.
Preferably, the number of the shooting per second of video camera 23 increases after the first acoustic emission signal increases.Specifically, first
Before violent phenomenon occurs in sound emission, setting video camera 23 per minute open by shooting one or half a minute one.When the first sound emission is believed
When number increasing, the shooting three per second of setting video camera 23 prevents computer from causing to collapse because of memory space inadequate.
Further, when the pressure curve for observing the acquisition of three-axis tester 29 declines by a relatively large margin suddenly, illustrate oily page
Rock test specimen has been destroyed, and is first passed through lifting device 31 at this time and is declined fixture 35, removes axis pressure, turn off 25 He of sound emission microphone
Video camera 23.
In the present embodiment, computing module 58 obtains the spatial position of man-made fracture according to the first acoustic emission signal and breaks
Split the first corresponding relationship between the time；The first of first surface is calculated according to the pattern that video camera 23 shoots speckle obtained
Whole field deformation data, and according between the opening displacement and rupture time at the tip of the first whole field deformation data calculating man-made fracture
The second corresponding relationship.First corresponding relationship describes the variation characteristic inside each time point oil shale sample 11, and is somebody's turn to do
Second corresponding relationship describes the variation characteristic outside each time point oil shale sample 11, can so pass through the first corresponding relationship
With the inside and outside variation characteristic in 11 fracture process of the second corresponding relationship accurate description oil shale sample.
The above is only several embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can be right according to application documents disclosure
The embodiment of the present invention carries out various changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of test method of oil shale fracture characterized by comprising
Obtain oil shale test specimen；
The oil shale test specimen is heated so that the temperature of the oil shale test specimen can reach preset value；
So that the temperature of the oil shale is maintained at the preset value, and pressurize to the oil shale test specimen, so that described
Oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch, and form man-made fracture；Wherein, the notch is located at the oily page
On the outer wall of rock test specimen；
During pressurizeing to the oil shale test specimen, obtain that the oil shale issues by sound emission microphone the
One acoustic emission signal；And speckle is continuously shot by video camera；Wherein, the sound emission microphone is set to the oil
On the outer wall of shale test specimen；The speckle is set to the oil shale test specimen and is located at the notch perpendicular to the cut direction
On the surface of side；
It is calculated between the spatial position of the man-made fracture and rupture time according to first acoustic emission signal first corresponding
Relationship；First whole audience of the oil shale surface of test piece is calculated according to the pattern that the video camera shoots the speckle obtained
Deformation data, and according to the first whole field deformation data calculate the tip of the man-made fracture opening displacement and the fracture
The second corresponding relationship between time.
2. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step obtains oil shale test specimen,
It specifically includes:
Obtain oil shale sillar；
By the oil shale test specimen of oil shale sillar processing in cuboid shape, wherein the oil shale test specimen has edge
Length direction extend side wall, the side wall include opposite facing the first side wall and second sidewall and be located at the first side wall
Third side wall and the 4th side wall between the second sidewall；
The oil shale test specimen is cut along the direction perpendicular to the first side wall from the center line of the first side wall, in institute
It states and forms the notch between third side wall and the 4th side wall, and make the both ends of the notch respectively by the third side wall
It is penetrated through with the 4th side wall.
3. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
After forming the notch, the black spray painting of spraying high temperature on the third side wall；And to institute after the black spray drying
The white spray painting of third side wall spraying high temperature is stated, so as to which the speckle can be formed on the third side wall.
4. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: after forming the speckle,
8 sound emission microphones are installed, and 8 sound emission microphones are three on the first side wall and the second sidewall
Coordinate in dimension coordinate system is (0,40,10) respectively, (0, -40,10), (0,20,40), (0, -20,40), (20,10,20),
(20, -10,20), (20,10,40), (20, -10,40)；Wherein, the three-dimensional system of coordinate is using the position of the notch as seat
Origin is marked, using the first side wall to the direction of the second sidewall as X-direction, using the direction of the notch to the right as Y-axis
Direction, the coordinate system established using the notch upwardly direction by Z-direction.
5. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 2, which is characterized in that step makes the temperature of the oil shale
Degree is maintained at the preset value, and pressurizes to the oil shale test specimen, so that the oil shale test specimen can be along notch
Cut direction is broken, and forms man-made fracture；Wherein, the notch is located on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen, specifically
Include:
The oil shale test specimen is placed on three-axis tester；Wherein, fixture, the folder are provided on the three-axis tester
Tool includes first pressure head and two fulcrums being located at below first pressure head with wedge-shaped part；The of the oil shale test specimen
Two side walls offset with the wedge-shaped part, and the first side wall of the oil shale test specimen offsets with two fulcrums, the wedge-shaped part
Positioned at the surface of the notch；Two fulcrums are symmetrical arranged relative to the notch；The fixture is located in heating mantle；
The heating mantle is for making the temperature of the oil shale be maintained at the preset value；
Start the three-axis tester, so that the second pressure head of the three-axis tester can apply to the first pressure head of the fixture
Downward active force.
6. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
Pipeline is wound on first pressure head, one end of the pipeline is communicated with water pump, the other end and water storage of the pipeline
Tank is connected, and the water pump is used to make the ice water in the water tank to flow into the pipeline, to carry out to first pressure head
Cooling.
7. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: starting the three-axis tester
Before, the length direction by graduated scale along the first side wall is placed in parallel with the first side wall, and opens the video camera
Shoot the graduated scale and the first side wall.
8. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
Before starting the three-axis tester, the height of the camera lens of the video camera is adjusted, so that the third side wall is located at
The front of the camera lens, and the focal length of the camera lens is adjusted, so that the top of the notch of the oil shale test specimen
The camera lens that the entire video camera can be clearly full of completely is held to the region between the wedge-shaped part.
9. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the sound emission microphone is worn
In copper cap, couplant is provided between the sound emission microphone and the copper cap, the copper cap is viscous by fire resistant resin
It is affixed on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen.
10. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 3, which is characterized in that on the third side wall
Before the black spray painting of spraying high temperature, further includes:
It polishes the third side wall, so that the roughness of the third side wall is in default range.
11. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the video camera shooting per second
Number increase after first acoustic emission signal increases.
12. the test method of oil shale fracture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: to the oil shale test specimen
During being heated, the second acoustic emission signal that the oil shale issues is obtained by the sound emission microphone；And lead to
Video camera is crossed to be continuously shot speckle；Institute is calculated so that the pattern of the speckle obtained can be shot according to the video camera
State the second whole field deformation data of oil shale surface of test piece.
13. a kind of experimental rig of oil shale fracture, characterized in that it comprises:
First obtains module, and the first acquisition module is for obtaining oil shale test specimen；
Heating module, the heating module is for being heated the temperature so that the oil shale test specimen to the oil shale test specimen
Preset value can be reached；
Compression module, the compression module are used to that the temperature of the oil shale to be made to be maintained at the preset value, and to the oil
Shale test specimen pressurizes, so that the oil shale test specimen can be broken along the cut direction of notch, and forms man-made fracture；
Wherein, the notch is located on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen；
Second obtains module, and described second, which obtains module, is used for during pressurizeing to the oil shale test specimen, passes through
Sound emission microphone obtains the first acoustic emission signal that the oil shale issues；And speckle is continuously clapped by video camera
It takes the photograph；Wherein, the sound emission microphone is set on the outer wall of the oil shale test specimen；The speckle is set to the oil shale
Test specimen is located at the notch perpendicular on the surface of the side of the cut direction；
Computing module, the computing module are used to calculate the spatial position of the man-made fracture according to first acoustic emission signal
The first corresponding relationship between rupture time；According to the video camera shoot the speckle obtained pattern calculate described in
First whole field deformation data of oil shale surface of test piece, and the man-made fracture is calculated according to the first whole field deformation data
The second corresponding relationship between the opening displacement at tip and the rupture time.
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