CN109175710A - A kind of metal board laser derusting method - Google Patents
A kind of metal board laser derusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109175710A CN109175710A CN201811070841.4A CN201811070841A CN109175710A CN 109175710 A CN109175710 A CN 109175710A CN 201811070841 A CN201811070841 A CN 201811070841A CN 109175710 A CN109175710 A CN 109175710A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of metal board laser derusting methods, pass through the shape for the sheet metal corrosion that spectrum picture acquisition system obtains, position and thickness information, operator can formulate the movement speed of initial laser opposing metallic plate based on above- mentioned information, movement routine and lifting position, and controlling terminal in time can control the output power of the power generator of laser output system according to the signal that oscillograph is fed back, mobile device is controlled when corroding region clean and finishing, and laser is moved into next corrosion region, it can effectively prevent damage of the laser to sheet metal surface, and improve the working efficiency of away rust by laser.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal surface treating method, in particular to a kind of metal board laser derusting method.
Background technique
Metal material by surrounding medium effect and damage, referred to as metal erosion.The corrosion of metal is the most common corrosion
Form.When corrosion, chemistry or electrochemistry heterogeneous reaction have occurred on the interface of metal, metal is made to be transferred to oxidation (ion) shape
State.This can significantly reduce the mechanical properties such as the intensity, plasticity, toughness of metal material, destroy the geometry of metal component, increase
Abrasion between part deteriorates the physical properties such as electrical and optical, shorten the service life of equipment, or even cause fire, explosion etc.
Catastrophic failure.
Currently, there are many method of metal surface derusting, the rust on different types of its surface of metal material is different,
Therefore the method for its derusting is also different.Common surface derusting method has chemical immersion method, derustit, Mechanical Method
And hand cleaning method etc..But chemical immersion method, derustit will consume a large amount of chemical reagent, and sewage technique
It is complicated.
Also, since the rust staining of usual sheet metal surface only exists partial region, and traditional chemical immersion method, electrification
Rust removal method, mechanical derusting method are all to carry out derusting operation to whole surface, can not targetedly be removed for rust staining region
Rust processing, not only damages normal plate region, also increases the cost of processing of rust removing.
Summary of the invention
A kind of metal board laser derusting method proposed the purpose of the present invention is to solve background technique, Neng Gouyou
The corrosion region of effect identification sheet metal is targetedly carried out processing of rust removing to rust staining region, and is handled using away rust by laser
The waste water that the dust and chemical derusting method that mechanical derusting method can be overcome to generate generate, has broad application prospects.
To achieve the goals above, present invention employs following technical solutions:
A kind of metal board laser derusting method, comprising the following steps:
(1) the sheet metal surface image that different corrosion degrees are acquired using spectrum picture acquisition system, establishes spectra database
And extract spectral signature；
(2) sheet metal surface spectrum picture to be derusted is acquired using spectrum picture acquisition system；
(3) according to the high-spectral data library of different corrosion degrees, the corrosion degree assessment of sheet metal surface is carried out；
(4) the accurate shape in reducing metal plate surface corrosion region, elaborate position, and the shape of corrosion, position input are controlled
Terminal processed, and movement speed, movement routine and the lifting position of default laser opposing metallic plate；
(5) shape for the corrosion that controlling terminal is obtained according to step (4), position control laser laser head to corrosion region into
Row processing of rust removing；
(6) controlling terminal controls the position and output power of laser, is corroding according to the signal of monitoring system feedback
After region has been cleared up completely, mobile device is controlled by laser and moves to next corrosion region.
In the prior art, it generallys use camera (such as CCD camera) to image plate for clearance, to judge
The region to be cleaned of plate surface, but since the corrosion situation of sheet metal surface is complicated, and to the thickness of corrosion layer into
Row judgement.
And spectrum picture is the same area to be imaged on different-waveband as a result, and in the space for having recorded target area
Location information has recorded reflectivity of the target area under different-waveband also by numerous spectral informations, a certain by studying
The spectral reflectivity of a objectives can be identified and be classified to specified target by spectrum picture.Spectrum picture can
It realizes and obtains target images in several hundred, even thousands of continuous spectral bands, spectral band has been related to visible light, red
Outside, the extensive SPECTRAL REGION such as near-infrared and to have higher Spectral resolution very high.
The extraction spectral signature of spectrum picture is handled spectral image data under spectral space in step (1), first
Non-corroding and the corresponding several signal in band of different corrosion degrees are first selected from full spectral space, then extract spectral signature
And space characteristics, obtain one group of optimization, low-dimensional, effective new spectral space signal.
Spectra feature extraction mainly includes principal component analysis, minimal noise separation transformation, singularity analysis；Space characteristics mention
Taking main includes two-dimentional singularity analysis, cyberspace feature extraction.
As further restriction of the invention, step (3) is specific are as follows: obtains sheet metal surface difference corrosion degree
Spectra database, then judged according to expertise, select the sample point under wherein different severity, obtain corresponding
Spectral signature, and the quantization to progress severity in region is corroded at this, carry out corrosion degree using regression analysis model later
Assessment, the scanning finally put pixel-by-pixel to unmarked spectrum picture using the regression analysis model obtains gold
Belong to the corrosion regional analysis image of plate surface.
As further restriction of the invention, step (3) is specific are as follows:
(1) high spectrum image pre-processes, and mainly includes black and white verification, denoising, obtains the correct spectral information of sheet metal and several
What information；
(2) spectral signal is corresponded to according to sheet metal non-corroding and different corrosion degrees to classify with true to different corrosion degrees
Determine the classification of corrosion degree；
(3) classification data adjusts, and obtains the spectral signal of sheet metal surface difference corrosion degree, is then sentenced according to expertise
It is disconnected, the sample point under wherein different severity is selected, the corrosion degree classification that upper step determines is adjusted；
(4) spectral reflectivity for extracting spectrum picture, the different SPECTRAL DIVERSITYs shown when according to different corrosion severity, is adopted
The analysis of the corrosion severity of the pixel position in spectrum picture is carried out with Least Square Regression Analysis model；
(5) scanning put pixel-by-pixel using the regression analysis model to unmarked spectrum picture, obtains metal plate
The corrosion regional analysis image on material surface.
Limited as of the invention further, spectrum picture acquisition system include spectrum camera with spectrometer,
Signal transmission fiber, headlamp and computer；In the case where headlamp is opened, the spectrum camera with spectrometer acquires rust
It loses the spectral information of sheet metal and is inputted in computer by signal transmission fiber.
It is limited as of the invention further, mobile device includes transverse moving mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism and vertical
Mobile device；Transverse moving mechanism includes bracket, two stepper motors, two shafts, driving gear and driven gear, sliding tooth
Wheel is evenly arranged on the outside of shaft, and side corresponding with driving gear is arranged on bracket in driven gear, and two stepper motors, which are located at, to be turned
Simultaneously shaft connection, laser output system are set on bracket at the both ends of axis；Longitudinal moving mechanism is stepper motor driven movement
Platform；Vertical movement apparatus includes being symmetrically distributed in the piston cylinder of support board ends being vertically arranged and being symmetrically distributed in bracket
Both ends and the piston rod connecting with piston cylinder, it is mobile that controlling terminal controls piston cylinder telescopic band piston bar, and then drives bracket
On laser output system it is mobile in vertical direction, realize and the spacing of laser and sheet metal adjusted.
As further restriction of the invention, the laser head of control laser removes corrosion region in step (5)
Rust processing specifically: laser head transverse shifting is controlled by the driving mechanism of laser head；Elevating lever liter is controlled by cylinder
Drop, it is mobile in vertical direction to control laser head；The support plate of corrosion metals plate is carried in longitudinal direction by conveyer belt control
It is mobile, it is mobile relative to corrosion metals plate accurate three-dimensional that laser head can be realized.
During away rust by laser, it usually needs judge whether that processing of rust removing is clean, the excessively high meeting damaging substrate of laser energy,
Energy is too low, cannot remove clean.Since away rust by laser is substantially that laser and substance (such as corrosion layer) interact, in the process
Along with the sound and glittering laser induced plasma of whip, the on-line monitoring method of away rust by laser can substantially be divided into two at present
Major class, one kind is sound detection method, using pulsed laser radiation substrate surface, generates strong vibration punching in a short period of time
Wave is hit, substrate surface generates sound wave, collects by using acoustic instruments such as microphones and believes with the sound issued in treatment process
Number, the parameters such as the signal strength and frequency are related with substrate processing of rust removing degree.Since sound wave monitoring is vulnerable to Environmental Noise Influence,
The disadvantages of that there are equipment costs is high for spectral method of detection, operating difficulties.
Another kind of is camera method of real-time, is carried out by clean condition of the CCD camera to metal surface real-time
Monitoring.But since the metallic dust particles of melting evaporation can form certain interference to camera, so that can not be effectively to clear
Clean state is monitored.
Since the plasma of high-energy can be generated when laser pulse exposed material, by plasma spectrographic detection,
The situation of change for measuring spectral signal in descaling process can judge the degree of removing rust on sheet metal processing.
On this basis, as further restriction of the invention, the present invention detects plasma using photodiode
Light intensity variation, to judge away rust by laser effect, specifically, in step (6) monitoring system include lens, photodiode and
Oscillograph behind the corrosion region of laser irradiation to sheet metal, inspires bright plasma, and lens are by plasma
Light converges to photodiode, intensity signal is converted to information of voltage by oscillograph, controlling terminal extracts the voltage of oscillograph
Data simultaneously control the parameter of laser.
Using firstly the need of determining processing of rust removing parameter being laser type and laser wavelength when away rust by laser, then
Determine that the energy threshold of away rust by laser processing, the energy threshold of away rust by laser will determine the effect of away rust by laser processing.Selection is closed
Performance, microstructure, pattern defect and the laser that suitable away rust by laser processing energy threshold needs us to comprehensively consider material
Wavelength and the effects of pulsewidth element influence.When processing of rust removing condition is extremely complex, in order to ensure the effect of processing of rust removing,
Several groups of sampling tests can be first done, most suitable away rust by laser processing parameter is determined by the assessment to processing of rust removing effect.
It is tested and is found based on applicant, using wavelength 1064nm, repetition rate is that the adjustable acousto-optic of 0.5~50kHz tunes to open
When pass Nd:YAG continuous laser has carried out processing of rust removing to steel substrate surface corrosion region, test result passes through metallographic microscope and sees
Discovery is examined, when laser peak power density is 5.4~7.3 × 106W/cm2When derusting effect it is best, in Fig. 2 shown in (a), swash
Light peak power density is 5.4 × 106W/cm2, sheet metal surface has no damage.(b) is close in laser peak power in Fig. 2
Degree is 7.3 × 106W/cm2When derusting after photo, sheet metal surface corrode region it is fully erased, but sheet metal surface omit
It has damage.It is 11.5 × 10 that (c), which is laser peak power density, in Fig. 26W/cm2When pattern, though corrosion region it is fully erased,
But sheet metal surface damage is obvious.
Meanwhile when laser energy increases, the linear ascendant trend of the crest voltage of oscillograph, corrosion layer and laser it
Between effect enhancing, laser induced plasma enhancing, away rust by laser treatment effect gradually improves within the scope of this.And work as laser
Peak power density is more than 5.4 × 106W/cm2Afterwards, crest voltage is in rising trend, illustrates laser in addition to acting on corrosion layer
Outside, effect also takes place with matrix, the damage of matrix is also gradually increased.
Therefore, laser of the invention selects wavelength 1064nm, and pulsewidth is about 10ns, repetition rate 10Hz, and control is just
Beginning laser peak power density is 5.4~7.3 × 106W/cm2。
In addition, when laser is with certain tilt angle incidence, laser directly radiates the lower section in corrosion region, generate compared with
High thermoelastic stress, pollutant are easier to be disposed of, and can effectively prevent generating the metallic dust particles of melting evaporation
It is adhered to sheet metal surface again.With the increase of tilt angle, laser emission area is broader, such as when control laser
When with sheet metal surface angle being 30 °, 8 times or so when the area in away rust by laser region is vertical incidence, so that laser removes
The efficiency of rust greatly improves.
It is preferred, therefore, that the shoot laser and sheet metal surface angle of setting laser are 30 °.
Meanwhile it derusting system the invention also discloses a kind of metal board laser, including high spectrum image collector, hold
Carry sheet metal support plate, further include transverse moving mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism, vertical movement apparatus, laser output system,
Monitoring system, gas injection system, collection system and controlling terminal；Laser output system and support plate setting and longitudinal movement machine
On the upside of structure, laser output system and transverse moving mechanism are all set in above support plate, and controlling terminal is set to longitudinal movement machine
Structure side, vertical movement apparatus setting with the two sides of support plate and be fixedly connected with transverse moving mechanism；Cleaning systems pass through cross
Three of laser output system relative to sheet metal are realized in cooperation to mobile mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism and vertical movement apparatus
Maintenance and operation is dynamic；Monitoring system is used to monitor the clean conditions in sheet metal surface corrosion region；Gas injection system is for ejecting
Boost gas blows off the residue of removing laser cleaning region；Collection system is used to collect the residue of removing.
Limited as of the invention further, transverse moving mechanism include bracket, two stepper motors, two shafts,
Gear and driven gear are driven, driving gear is evenly arranged on the outside of shaft, and driven gear is arranged on bracket corresponding with driving gear
Side；Two stepper motors are located at the both ends of shaft and shaft connection；Laser output system is set on bracket.
As further restriction of the invention, longitudinal moving mechanism is stepper motor driven mobile platform.
As further restriction of the invention, vertical movement apparatus includes being symmetrically distributed in setting vertically for support board ends
The piston cylinder set and the piston rod for being symmetrically distributed in the both ends of bracket and connecting with piston cylinder, it is flexible that controlling terminal controls piston cylinder
It drives piston rod mobile, and then drives the laser output system on bracket mobile in vertical direction, realize to laser and metal plate
The spacing of material is adjusted.
Limited as of the invention further, laser output system include sequentially connected power generator, laser,
Lens one, lens two, plane mirror, lens three, lens one, lens two, plane mirror three are centrally disposed in same horizontal line,
Lens three are set to immediately below plane mirror, and power generator and controlling terminal are electrically connected, by the signal for monitoring system feedback
Power generator is controlled；And lens one are arranged in the emitting light path of laser, lens two be set to laser and
For optical path to be adjusted between plane mirror, the emergent ray of laser is formed instead by lens one, lens two and plane mirror
Optical path is penetrated, is introduced into lens three by plane mirror and forms hot spot.
As further restriction of the invention, monitoring system includes lens four, photodiode and oscillograph, photoelectricity two
It is electrically connected between pole pipe and oscillograph, is electrically connected between oscillograph and controlling terminal；Lens four acquire laser irradiation to gold
After belonging to the plasma inspired behind the corrosion region of plate, the light of plasma is converged into photodiode and output intensity
Signal, light intensity signal is converted to voltage signal by oscillograph, and voltage signal is transmitted to controlling terminal, and controlling terminal extraction is shown
The voltage data of wave device simultaneously controls the parameter of laser output system.
It is limited as of the invention further, controlling terminal includes that box body, operator control panel, monitoring system interface, laser are defeated
System interface, work light out, controlling terminal are provided with support in two sides up and down, and controlling terminal is fixed on piston by support
Cylinder side；Controlling terminal is connect by monitoring system interface with the oscillograph of the system of monitoring, and controlling terminal is exported by laser is
System interface connect with the power generator of laser output system, by control transverse moving mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism and vertically
Mobile device is moved according to preset movement speed, movement routine and lifting position, the hot spot that laser output system is formed
It is radiated on the corrosion region of sheet metal and corrosion region is scanned clearly according to the speed of setting, path and lifting position
Clean processing, while the signal that controlling terminal is fed back according to oscillograph is in time to the output work of the power generator of laser output system
Rate is controlled, and damage of the laser to sheet metal surface is prevented.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows: in the case where headlamp is opened, the spectrum camera acquisition with spectrometer
The sheet metal surface image of different corrosion degrees is simultaneously inputted in computer by signal transmission fiber, and operator is according to calculating
Spectroscopic data obtained in machine establishes spectra database and extracts spectral signature；It is acquired using spectrum picture acquisition system wait derust
Sheet metal surface spectrum picture carries out the corrosion journey of sheet metal surface according to the high-spectral data library of different corrosion degrees
Degree assessment, and the accurate shape in reducing metal plate surface corrosion region, elaborate position, and the shape of corrosion, position are inputted
To controlling terminal, and movement speed, movement routine and the lifting position of default laser opposing metallic plate；Controlling terminal according to
The shape for the corrosion arrived, the laser head of position control laser carry out processing of rust removing to corrosion region, and anti-according to monitoring system
The signal of feedback controls the position and output power of laser, after corrosion region has been cleared up completely, controls mobile device
Laser is moved into next corrosion region.
When controlling the relative movement of laser opposing metallic plate, the transverse direction of laser is controlled by driving stepper motor
Mobile, stepper motor is sequentially connected by shaft and bracket, i.e. controllable movement of the laser on bracket of control stepper motor；
It drives support plate mobile by mobile platform again, can control the longitudinal movement of laser relative support plate；Finally by piston cylinder
It is gone up and down to control corresponding piston rod, to control the vertical direction movement of laser.
The present invention can be believed by shape, position and the thickness that the sheet metal that spectrum picture acquisition system obtains corrodes
Breath, operator can formulate movement speed, movement routine and the liter of initial laser opposing metallic plate based on above- mentioned information
Demotion is set, and controlling terminal can be according to the signal that oscillograph is fed back in time to the defeated of the power generator of laser output system
Power is controlled out, controls mobile device when corroding region clean and finishing and laser is moved to next corrosion region, energy
It is enough effectively prevent damage of the laser to sheet metal surface, and improves the working efficiency of away rust by laser.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, shape, position and the thickness information of sheet metal corrosion can be effectively identified by spectrum picture acquisition system.
2, operator can that information formulates initial laser be opposite based on spectrum picture acquisition system acquires, treated
Movement speed, movement routine and the lifting position of sheet metal can be realized the three-dimensional of sheet metal relative laser device to be derusted
It is mobile.
3, by using photodiode detection plasma light intensity variation, intensity signal is converted into electricity by oscillograph
Information is pressed, to judge away rust by laser effect, and then by the voltage data of controlling terminal extraction oscillograph and to laser
Parameter is controlled, and can effectively prevent damage of the laser to sheet metal surface, and improve the working efficiency of away rust by laser.
4, it is ground by corroding region progress away rust by laser to sheet metal to laser initial laser peak power density
Study carefully, show that optimal initial laser peak power density is 5.4~7.3 × 106W/cm2。
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of metal board laser derusting method flow diagram proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is derusting effect figure under different laser peak power density.
Fig. 3 is a kind of metal board laser derusting system structure diagram proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a kind of metal board laser derusting system transverse moving mechanism top view proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is laser output system, the monitoring system, gas of a kind of metal board laser derusting system proposed by the present invention
The structural schematic diagram of spraying system, collection system and controlling terminal.
Specific embodiment
It is next combined with specific embodiments below that the present invention is further described.
Referring to Fig.1, a kind of metal board laser derusting method, comprising the following steps:
(1) the sheet metal surface image that different corrosion degrees are acquired using spectrum picture acquisition system, establishes spectra database
And extract spectral signature；
(2) sheet metal surface spectrum picture to be derusted is acquired using spectrum picture acquisition system；
(3) according to the high-spectral data library of different corrosion degrees, the corrosion degree assessment of sheet metal surface is carried out；
(4) the accurate shape in reducing metal plate surface corrosion region, elaborate position, and the shape of corrosion, position input are controlled
Terminal processed, and movement speed, movement routine and the lifting position of default laser opposing metallic plate；
(5) shape for the corrosion that controlling terminal is obtained according to step (4), position control laser laser head to corrosion region into
Row processing of rust removing；
(6) controlling terminal controls the position and output power of laser, is corroding according to the signal of monitoring system feedback
After region has been cleared up completely, mobile device is controlled by laser and moves to next corrosion region.
Wherein, in step (1) the extraction spectral signature of spectrum picture under spectral space to spectral image data at
Reason, selects non-corroding and the corresponding several signal in band of different corrosion degrees from full spectral space first, then extracts light
Spectrum signature and space characteristics obtain one group of optimization, low-dimensional, effective new spectral space signal.
Wherein, Spectra feature extraction mainly includes principal component analysis, minimal noise separation transformation, singularity analysis；Space
Feature extraction mainly includes two-dimentional singularity analysis, cyberspace feature extraction.
Wherein, step (3) is specific are as follows: obtains the spectra database of sheet metal surface difference corrosion degree, then root
Judge according to expertise, select the sample point under wherein different severity, obtains corresponding spectral signature, and become rusty at this
The quantization that region carries out severity is lost, carries out the assessment of corrosion degree using regression analysis model later, finally uses this time
The scanning for returning analysis model to put unmarked spectrum picture pixel-by-pixel obtains the corrosion region of sheet metal surface
Analyze image.
Alternatively, step (3) is specific are as follows:
(1) high spectrum image pre-processes, and mainly includes black and white verification, denoising, obtains the correct spectral information of sheet metal and several
What information；
(2) spectral signal is corresponded to according to sheet metal non-corroding and different corrosion degrees to classify with true to different corrosion degrees
Determine the classification of corrosion degree；
(3) classification data adjusts, and obtains the spectral signal of sheet metal surface difference corrosion degree, is then sentenced according to expertise
It is disconnected, the sample point under wherein different severity is selected, the corrosion degree classification that upper step determines is adjusted；
(4) spectral reflectivity for extracting spectrum picture, the different SPECTRAL DIVERSITYs shown when according to different corrosion severity, is adopted
The analysis of the corrosion severity of the pixel position in spectrum picture is carried out with Least Square Regression Analysis model；
(5) scanning put pixel-by-pixel using the regression analysis model to unmarked spectrum picture, obtains metal plate
The corrosion regional analysis image on material surface.
Wherein, spectrum picture acquisition system include with the spectrum camera of spectrometer, signal transmission fiber, headlamp and
Computer；In the case where headlamp is opened, the spectral information of the spectrum camera acquisition corrosion metals plate with spectrometer
And it is inputted in computer by signal transmission fiber.
Wherein, mobile device includes transverse moving mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism and vertical movement apparatus；Transverse moving mechanism
Including bracket, two stepper motors, two shafts, driving gear and driven gear, driving gear is evenly arranged on the outside of shaft, passively
Side corresponding with driving gear is arranged on bracket in gear, and two stepper motors are located at the both ends of shaft and shaft connection, swash
Light output system is set on bracket；Longitudinal moving mechanism is stepper motor driven mobile platform；Vertical movement apparatus includes
It the piston cylinder being vertically arranged and the both ends for being symmetrically distributed in bracket that are symmetrically distributed in support board ends and connect with piston cylinder
Piston rod, controlling terminal control the movement of piston cylinder telescopic band piston bar, and then drive the laser output system on bracket perpendicular
Histogram is realized and is adjusted to the spacing of laser and sheet metal to movement.
Wherein, the laser head of control laser carries out processing of rust removing to corrosion region in step (5) specifically: passes through laser
The driving mechanism of head controls laser head transverse shifting；Lifter rod lifting is controlled by cylinder, to control laser head vertical
Direction is mobile；It is being vertically moved by the support plate that conveyer belt control carries corrosion metals plate, laser head phase can be realized
It is mobile to corrosion metals plate accurate three-dimensional.
Meanwhile the present invention is changed using photodiode detection plasma light intensity, thus judge away rust by laser effect,
Specifically, monitoring system includes lens, photodiode and oscillograph, the corrosion of laser irradiation to sheet metal in step (6)
Behind region, bright plasma is inspired, the light of plasma is converged to photodiode by lens, by oscillograph by light
Strong information is converted to information of voltage, and controlling terminal is extracted the voltage data of oscillograph and controlled the parameter of laser.
Referring to shown in (a) in Fig. 2, laser peak power density is 5.4 × 106W/cm2, sheet metal surface has no damage；
It is 7.3 × 10 that (b), which is in laser peak power density, in Fig. 26W/cm2When derusting after photo, sheet metal surface corrode region
It is fully erased, but sheet metal surface slightly damages；It is 11.5 × 10 that (c), which is laser peak power density, in Fig. 26W/cm2When
Pattern, though corrosion region is fully erased, sheet metal surface damage is obvious.
Therefore, laser of the invention selects wavelength 1064nm, and pulsewidth is about 10ns, repetition rate 10Hz, and control is just
Beginning laser peak power density is 5.4~7.3 × 106W/cm2。
Wherein, the shoot laser of laser is set and sheet metal surface angle is 30 °.
Referring to Fig. 3-5, a kind of metal board laser derusting system, including high spectrum image collector 1, bearing metal plate
The support plate 11 of material further includes transverse moving mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism, vertical movement apparatus, laser output system, monitoring system
System, gas injection system, collection system and controlling terminal；In laser output system and the setting of support plate 11 and longitudinal moving mechanism
Side, laser output system and transverse moving mechanism are all set in 11 top of support plate, and controlling terminal is set to longitudinal moving mechanism
Side, vertical movement apparatus setting with the two sides of support plate 11 and be fixedly connected with transverse moving mechanism；Cleaning systems pass through cross
Three of laser output system relative to sheet metal are realized in cooperation to mobile mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism and vertical movement apparatus
Maintenance and operation is dynamic；Monitoring system is used to monitor the clean conditions in sheet metal surface corrosion region；Gas injection system is for ejecting
Boost gas blows off the residue of removing laser cleaning region；Collection system is used to collect the residue of removing.
Wherein, transverse moving mechanism includes 2, two, bracket stepper motor 26, two shaft 27, driving gear 28 and passive
Gear 29, driving gear 28 are evenly arranged on 27 outside of shaft, and driven gear 29 is arranged on bracket 2 and driving gear 28 corresponding one
Side；Two stepper motors 26 are located at the both ends of shaft 27 and shaft 7 connects；Laser output system is set on bracket 2.
Wherein, longitudinal moving mechanism is stepper motor driven mobile platform 10.
Wherein, vertical movement apparatus includes being symmetrically distributed in the piston cylinder 9 being vertically arranged at 11 both ends of support plate and symmetrical
The piston rod 8 for being distributed in the both ends of bracket 2 and connecting with piston cylinder 9, controlling terminal control 9 telescopic band piston bar 8 of piston cylinder
It is mobile, and then drive the laser output system on bracket 2 mobile in vertical direction, realize the spacing tune to laser and sheet metal
Section.
Wherein, laser output system includes sequentially connected power generator, laser, lens one, lens two, plane
Mirror, lens three, lens one, lens two, plane mirror three are centrally disposed in same horizontal line, and lens three are set to plane mirror
Underface, power generator and controlling terminal are electrically connected, and the signal by monitoring system feedback controls power generator
System；And lens one are arranged in the emitting light path of laser, and lens two are set between laser and plane mirror for light
Road is adjusted, and the emergent ray of laser forms reflected light path by lens one, lens two and plane mirror, is drawn by plane mirror
Enter in lens three and forms hot spot.
Wherein, monitoring system includes lens four, photodiode and oscillograph, electrical property between photodiode and oscillograph
Connection, is electrically connected between oscillograph and controlling terminal；Lens four swash after acquiring laser irradiation to the corrosion region of sheet metal
After the plasma of sending, the light of plasma is converged into photodiode and output intensity signal, oscillograph believes light intensity
Voltage signal number is converted to, and voltage signal is transmitted to controlling terminal, the voltage data that controlling terminal extracts oscillograph is simultaneously right
The parameter of laser output system is controlled.
Wherein, controlling terminal includes box body, operator control panel 13, monitoring system interface 14, laser output system interface 15, work
Indicator light 16, two sides are provided with support 12 to controlling terminal up and down, and controlling terminal is fixed on 9 side of piston cylinder by support 12；
Controlling terminal is connect by monitoring system interface 14 with the oscillograph of the system of monitoring, and controlling terminal passes through laser output system interface
15 connect with the power generator of laser output system, by control transverse moving mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism and vertically move
Device is moved according to preset movement speed, movement routine and lifting position, the hot spot irradiation that laser output system is formed
It is scanned at cleaning on the corrosion region of sheet metal and according to the speed of setting, path and lifting position to corrosion region
Reason, at the same the signal that is fed back according to oscillograph of controlling terminal in time to the output power of the power generator of laser output system into
Row control, prevents damage of the laser to sheet metal surface.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows: in the case where headlamp is opened, the spectrum camera acquisition with spectrometer
The sheet metal surface image of different corrosion degrees is simultaneously inputted in computer by signal transmission fiber, and operator is according to calculating
Spectroscopic data obtained in machine establishes spectra database and extracts spectral signature；It is acquired using spectrum picture acquisition system 1 wait remove
Rust sheet metal surface spectrum picture carries out the corrosion of sheet metal surface according to the high-spectral data library of different corrosion degrees
Scale evaluation, and the accurate shape in reducing metal plate surface corrosion region, elaborate position, and the shape of corrosion, position is defeated
Enter to controlling terminal, and movement speed, movement routine and the lifting position of default laser opposing metallic plate；Controlling terminal according to
The shape of obtained corrosion, the laser head of position control laser carry out processing of rust removing to corrosion region, and according to monitoring system
The signal of feedback controls the position and output power of laser, after corrosion region has been cleared up completely, controls mobile dress
It sets and laser is moved into next corrosion region.
When controlling the relative movement of laser opposing metallic plate, the cross of laser is controlled by driving stepper motor 26
To movement, stepper motor 26 is sequentially connected by shaft 27 and bracket 2, and the i.e. controllable laser of control stepper motor 26 is in bracket
Movement on 2；It drives support plate 11 mobile by mobile platform 10 again, the longitudinal of laser relative support plate 11 can control to move
It is dynamic；It controls corresponding piston rod 8 finally by piston cylinder 9 to go up and down, to control the vertical direction movement of laser.
The present invention can be believed by shape, position and the thickness that the sheet metal that spectrum picture acquisition system obtains corrodes
Breath, operator can formulate movement speed, movement routine and the liter of initial laser opposing metallic plate based on above- mentioned information
Demotion is set, and controlling terminal can be according to the signal that oscillograph is fed back in time to the defeated of the power generator of laser output system
Power is controlled out, controls mobile device when corroding region clean and finishing and laser is moved to next corrosion region, energy
It is enough effectively prevent damage of the laser to sheet metal surface, and improves the working efficiency of away rust by laser.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of metal board laser derusting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the sheet metal surface image that different corrosion degrees are acquired using spectrum picture acquisition system, establishes spectra database
And extract spectral signature；
(2) sheet metal surface spectrum picture to be derusted is acquired using spectrum picture acquisition system；
(3) according to the high-spectral data library of different corrosion degrees, the corrosion degree assessment of sheet metal surface is carried out；
(4) the accurate shape in reducing metal plate surface corrosion region, elaborate position, and the shape of corrosion, position input are controlled
Terminal processed, and movement speed, movement routine and the lifting position of default laser opposing metallic plate；
(5) shape for the corrosion that controlling terminal is obtained according to step (4), position control laser laser head to corrosion region into
Row processing of rust removing；
(6) controlling terminal controls the position and output power of laser, is corroding according to the signal of monitoring system feedback
After region has been cleared up completely, mobile device is controlled by laser and moves to next corrosion region.
2. a kind of metal board laser derusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: light in the step (1)
The extraction spectral signature of spectrogram picture is handled spectral image data under spectral space, is selected from full spectral space first
Then non-corroding and the corresponding several signal in band of different corrosion degrees out extract spectral signature and space characteristics, obtain one group
Optimization, low-dimensional, effective new spectral space signal.
3. a kind of metal board laser derusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (3) is specific
Are as follows: then the spectra database for obtaining sheet metal surface difference corrosion degree judges according to expertise, selects wherein
Sample point under different severity obtains corresponding spectral signature, and the quantization to progress severity in region is corroded at this,
The assessment for carrying out corrosion degree using regression analysis model later, finally using the regression analysis model to unmarked light
The scanning that spectrogram picture is put pixel-by-pixel obtains the corrosion regional analysis image of sheet metal surface.
4. a kind of metal board laser derusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (3) is specific
Are as follows:
(1) high spectrum image pre-processes, and mainly includes black and white verification, denoising, obtains the correct spectral information of sheet metal and several
What information；
(2) spectral signal is corresponded to according to sheet metal non-corroding and different corrosion degrees to classify with true to different corrosion degrees
Determine the classification of corrosion degree；
(3) classification data adjusts, and obtains the spectral signal of sheet metal surface difference corrosion degree, is then sentenced according to expertise
It is disconnected, the sample point under wherein different severity is selected, the corrosion degree classification that upper step determines is adjusted；
(4) spectral reflectivity for extracting spectrum picture, the different SPECTRAL DIVERSITYs shown when according to different corrosion severity, is adopted
The analysis of the corrosion severity of the pixel position in spectrum picture is carried out with Least Square Regression Analysis model；
(5) scanning put pixel-by-pixel using the regression analysis model to unmarked spectrum picture, obtains metal plate
The corrosion regional analysis image on material surface.
5. a kind of metal board laser derusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mobile device includes
Transverse moving mechanism, longitudinal moving mechanism and vertical movement apparatus；Transverse moving mechanism includes bracket, two stepper motors, two
A shaft, driving gear and driven gear, driving gear are evenly arranged on the outside of shaft, and driven gear is arranged on bracket and sliding tooth
Corresponding side is taken turns, two stepper motors are located at the both ends of shaft and shaft connection, laser output system are set on bracket；It is vertical
It is stepper motor driven mobile platform to mobile mechanism；Vertical movement apparatus includes being symmetrically distributed in support the vertical of board ends
The piston cylinder of setting and the piston rod for being symmetrically distributed in the both ends of bracket and connecting with piston cylinder, controlling terminal control piston cylinder are stretched
Contracting drives piston rod mobile, and then drives the laser output system on bracket mobile in vertical direction, realizes to laser and metal
The spacing of plate is adjusted.
6. a kind of metal board laser derusting method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: control in the step (5)
The laser head of laser processed carries out processing of rust removing to corrosion region specifically: controls laser head by the driving mechanism of laser head
Transverse shifting；Lifter rod lifting is controlled by cylinder, it is mobile in vertical direction to control laser head；It is held by conveyer belt control
The support plate for being loaded with corrosion metals plate is vertically moving, and laser head can be realized and move with respect to corrosion metals plate accurate three-dimensional
It is dynamic.
7. a kind of metal board laser derusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: prison in the step (6)
Examining system includes lens, photodiode and oscillograph, behind the corrosion region of laser irradiation to sheet metal, is inspired bright
Plasma, the light of plasma converges to photodiode by lens, and intensity signal is converted to voltage letter by oscillograph
Breath, controlling terminal are extracted the voltage data of oscillograph and are controlled the parameter of laser.
8. a kind of metal board laser derusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the laser selects wave
Long 1064nm, pulsewidth are about 10ns, repetition rate 10Hz, and control initial laser peak power density is 5.4~7.3 ×
106W/cm2。
9. a kind of metal board laser derusting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the outgoing of the laser
Laser and sheet metal surface angle are 30 °.
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Application publication date: 20190111 |