CN109171726A - Infrared nerve stimulation induces full brain function magnetic resonance high-resolution imaging method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of infrared nerve stimulations to induce full brain function magnetic resonance high-resolution imaging method.Experimental subjects is placed in magnetic resonance device, and optical fiber is fixed to connect cortex, and infrared laser stimulation is stimulated by fiber optic conduction to cortex, carries out infrared laser stimulation and carry out functional MRI scanning using magnetic resonance device simultaneously to realize that imaging obtains image data；The cranial nerve that analysis processing obtains stimulation cortical sites activates network map；Incentive condition are as follows: optical maser wavelength 1875nm, laser emission energy 0.1-1.0J/cm2,0.25 millisecond a length of, frequency is 200 hertz when each stimulation is by pulse, the pulse train that total duration is 0.5s-1s forms.INS system binding function magnetic resonance imaging system can be realized neural network connection imaging in full brain range by the present invention, by the INS to the specific focal position of cortex, be obtained and the functional brain network map contacted in this position.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of stimulation activation cortical functional imaging, especially a kind of infrared nerve stimulations
(INS) full brain function magnetic resonance high-resolution imaging method is induced.
Background technique
Research brain in connection mode map to understand cerebral nerve network and its with the relationship of behavior and disease to close
It is important.There are many methods can study the network connection map of the brain in brain.It can be in work however, there is presently no a kind of methods
The brain network connection diagram of millimeter class resolution ratio is drawn to rapid system within the scope of the full brain of body.Tracer based on 1-5 mm in size
The anatomical mapping method of injection is only limitted to a small amount of injection site (usual 3-5 tracer), needs just can be carried out tracer within 2-3 weeks
Transport, animal put to death the image reconstruction of slice and time-consuming.In fMRI, the tranquillization state connection based on low correlation in brain
Network map is commonly used in research cranial nerve network connection；However, the relationship between these correlations and dissection connection is still not
It determines.
High spatial resolution may be implemented in method of diffusion imaging (DTI), but larger using being still limited only in full brain range
Nerve fibre bundle.The stimulation of fMRI combination light science of heredity is a kind of completely new full brain network connection imaging method；However, such as
In the animal of primate, this needs virus injection expression time several weeks to wait, and is only limitted to a small number of sites.And by fMRI
Up to the present there are no provide high-resolution brain network map in full brain scale in conjunction with electro photoluminescence.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the nerve stimulation of pulse near-infrared is utilized The present invention gives a kind of
(INS) the full brain function nerve that Induction of neuronal activity is combined with functional MRI is connected to the network imaging method, in function
It is stimulated using infrared laser in magnetic resonance (fMRI) to study the high-resolution cortex neural network connection activity of full brain.
The technical proposal for solving the technical problem of the invention includes the following steps:
Living animal high-field magnetic resonance functional imaging process is carried out using the present invention as shown in Figure 1, experimental subjects is by pre-
Processing is placed on magnetic resonance device, carries out infrared laser stimulation and carry out functional MRI scanning using magnetic resonance device simultaneously to realize
Imaging: the parameter of setting infrared laser stimulation, optical fiber are fixedly connected with cortex, and infrared laser stimulation (INS) passes through fiber optic conduction
It is stimulated to cortex, magnetic resonance imaging is carried out while infrared nerve stimulation, obtain image data；To image data into
Row Data Analysis Services obtain the cranial nerve activation network map for fixing a stimulation cortical sites, and then for studying full brain high score
The cortex neural network connection activity of resolution；Infrared nerve stimulation is stimulated using Infrared laser emission to experimental subjects,
Incentive condition are as follows: optical maser wavelength 1875nm, laser emission energy 0.1-1.0J/cm2, a length of 0.25 when each stimulation is by pulse
Millisecond, the pulse train that frequency is 200 hertz, total duration is 0.5s-1s composition；It opens in the stage within 18 seconds in magnetic resonance
It is initially once stimulated, rests in 18 seconds pass stages of magnetic resonance without stimulation, the switch-phases of magnetic resonance are repeated with this
36 seconds 10-20 times total.
The present invention studies cortex neural network in functional MRI using infrared laser stimulation, obtains high-resolution
Rate and targetedly image.
Experimental subjects in specific implementation is that monkey and people are used in rat, mouse, cat and experiment, but not limited to this.
The optical fiber is fixed quartz capillary as fibre-optic catheter by sphenotresia and fixes, and optical fiber head is made to be placed in skin
Layer surface.
The optical fiber has diameter 100,200, three kinds of 400um, and numerical aperture 0.22, fiber exit end is apart from cortex
Surface is 0mm.
The infrared nerve stimulation stimulates cortex focally, and it is diameter 100- that active region is generated on cortex
500um range.
Magnetic resonance imaging is imaged using the high-field nuclear magnetic resonance of 7T-9.4T magnetic resonance device.
The magnetic resonance imaging is to obtain EPI function image by functional MRI single echo-planar imaging (EPI),
Then EPI function image is successively carried out to slice correction of timing and motion correction, then inclined with three rank multinomial functions removal baseline
Thus shifting and baseline restorer complete pretreatment, then analysis obtains significant difference and (activates conspicuousness in Matlab software tool
Horizontal P < 0.05) activation site, obtain cranial nerve activate network map.
The present invention, which further carries out the cranial nerve activation network map that data analysis obtains using image data, to be characterized
Relationship in cortex neural network between infrared nerve stimulation and functional MRI.
It is functional that the present invention carries out intracerebral using focal infrared nerve stimulation (INS) in functional MRI (fMRI)
Tracer.The specificity and focal property of the target site of activation illustrate the internuncial true reflection of the dissection between active site.This
Outside, between the neuron that the activation of infrared nerve stimulation (INS) generates signal may map to it is entirely different under conditions of (two differences
Sensory cortex region, two different species and two different ultra-high field MRI machines), show the universality of method.
Compared with anatomy maps map, the used INS-fMRI combination of the present invention has advantage, it is answered in vivo
With (quantity of animal needed for reducing), cranial nerve activates network map to be directly rendered as 3D in brain dissection scanning and (eliminates
Time-consuming reconstruction), and quickly (can be obtained in 1-2 hours fMRI).The use of the functional MRI (fMRI) of High-Field
Enough signal-to-noise ratio are provided for high spatial resolution mapping, to realize the cerebral nerve network research of living body mesoscale.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention activates cortex neural tissue using the fuel factor of the infrared nerve stimulation (INS) of fiber optic conduction, opposite to pass
The electrophysiological stimulation of system, because being particluarly suitable for high-field magnetic resonance system imaging without galvanomagnetic-effect, it is characterized in that stimulated zone model
Enclose it is focal, without galvanomagnetic-effect, by specific sequence of stimuli, can effectively induce focal cortical neuron excited,
To further activation and the functional activation for contacting brain area position in the focal position of this cortex.
Invention activation effect is safe, repeatability height to cortex neural tissue, and in certain laser intensity
Range, the activation effect and laser intensity of nerve fiber are also linearly related.
The present invention can realize mind in full brain range using near-infrared nerve stimulation (INS) binding function magnetic resonance (fMRI)
It is imaged through network connection, it is available to have with this position by the near-infrared nerve stimulation (INS) to the specific focal position of cortex
The brain network map of functional cohesion, then the imaging network in different focal sites is integrated, it further can rapidly and efficiently obtain full brain
Neural network connects map.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the imaging method procedure chart of infrared nerve stimulation binding function magnetic resonance.
Fig. 2 is the imaging system instance graph of infrared nerve stimulation binding function magnetic resonance.
Fig. 3 is the focal infrared nerve stimulation imaging brain network connection activation map of cat visual cortex.
Fig. 4 is the infrared neural stimulation intensity dependency relationships figure of BOLD signal.
Fig. 5 is that cat brain area activates tracer that map is imaged.
Fig. 6 is that map is imaged in the function tracer of Squirrel monkey somatosensory cortex.
Fig. 7 is that the blood flow of INS induction changes time graph and blood flow change intensity is related to infrared neural stimulation intensity
Property figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Imaging system employed in present invention specific implementation is as shown in Fig. 2, include main control computer, laser controller, magnetic
Resonate instrument and laser, and laser output connects one end of optical fiber, and the other end zero distance of optical fiber touches cortex surface,
Laser issues infrared laser and carries out infrared nerve stimulation by fiber optic conduction to cortex.Laser control end connects laser control
Device processed, laser controller are connected with main control computer, and main control computer is connected with magnetic resonance device, and human brain is placed under magnetic resonance device.
Laser controller also sends synchronization signal to main control computer while issuing laser control signal to laser, by master control electricity
Brain controls magnetic resonance device and issues laser in laser while carrying out magnetic resonance imaging.
Living animal high-field magnetic resonance functional imaging process is carried out using the present invention as shown in Figure 1, experimental animal is by pre-
Processing is placed on magnetic resonance device, and functional MRI scanning is carried out while carrying out infrared laser stimulation, obtains image data
The cranial nerve activation network map that Data Analysis Services obtain particular stimulation cortical sites is carried out later.
The embodiment of the present invention 1:
Infrared laser is generated by infrared nerve stimulation (INS) (non-destructive radiation energy: 0.1- by 200 μm of optical fiber
1.0J/cm 2) it is transmitted to cat visual cortex and obtains the image that resolution ratio is 1.0 or 1.5 millimeters in 7T magnetic resonance device.As a result
As shown in figure 3, the 0.1-1.0 in each subgraph in Fig. 3 from top to bottom indicates infrared neural stimulation intensity.As it can be seen that thorn in Fig. 3
The visual cortex position for swashing site (asterisk in Fig. 3) corresponding to 17/18 near border of brain area domain extends to brain area domain 17 and 18
(shown in Fig. 3 arrow).Different INS stimulus intensities have activated the active region of the brain area for thering is dissection to contact with stimulation location with
Stimulus intensity enhancing and enhance.
Simultaneously to haemodynamics blood oxygen saturated level (BOLD) signal of infrared nerve stimulation (INS) induction stimulation location
It is detected, as shown in Figure 4.In Fig. 4, A subgraph is that the BOLD signal reaction of the time shaft of the infrared nerve stimulation of varying strength is (right
Answer Fig. 3), B subgraph, C subgraph, D subgraph are respectively infrared nerve stimulation position, ipsilateral 18th area active site, 17/18 brain area of opposite side
BOLD signal and the correlation of INS intensity.
The Hemodynamics time-histories of infrared nerve stimulation (INS) induction has than feeling that the haemodynamics blood oxygen of induction is full
With horizontal (BOLD) signal faster rise time (the A subgraph of Fig. 4), and these hemodynamics responses are intensity dependences
(Fig. 3 entirely schemes and Fig. 4 stimulation location and active region are analyzed), it is seen that infrared nerve stimulation (INS) is with intensity dependence
Mode induced blood flow dynamics blood oxygen saturated level (BOLD) signal changes.This experimental result situation is and existing optical imagery
Objective fact is consistent.
Fig. 5 is obtained by the specific 17 area's stimulation test of activation cat visual cortex of INS.In Fig. 5, the vision projection tract of cat
As shown in A subgraph, 17 area's projection tracts；7T magnetic resonance imaging thalamic activation map such as B subgraph institute when 17th area of visual cortex stimulates
Show；7T magnetic resonance imaging Cortical activation map is as shown in C subgraph when 17th area of visual cortex stimulates.
The dissection of cat vision system summarizes (Fig. 5 A) and shows that these projected areas include ipsilateral thalamus and ipsilateral and to lateral areas
17/18/19th area, 20/21st area, ipsilateral thalamus include lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and thalamus pillow (pulvinar writes a Chinese character in simplified form pul).Such as figure
Shown in 5B and Fig. 5 C, voxel of the site by volume diameter up to several millimeters is activated to form, and present focal and specific.With low strong
The laser stimulation for spending (0.3J/cm2) transmission mainly generates activation (Fig. 5 B left figure) in ipsilateral LGN.
Stimulation is in ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus LGN and ipsilateral thalamus pillow pulvinar (figure at higher-strength (0.7J.cm2)
5B right figure) in generate increased activation.Also observing activation in opposite side lateral posterior nucleus LP and thalamus pillow pulvinar, (Fig. 5 B is right
Figure), result can only carry out the cortex of self-activation corpus callosum connection, most likely 17/18th area of opposite side (Fig. 5 C left figure).Focal skin
The infrared nerve stimulation of floor can lead to more cynapses (ipsilateral 17/18th area and 17/18th area of heteropleural activate metathalamus image comparison) activation,
The cortical sites (Fig. 5 C) that he directly activates include ipsilateral 18/19/20/21st area, the area Xue Shi and contralateral regions 19/20/ on inside
21st area, on inside the area Xue Shi.The response activation amplitude at response activation Amplitude Ratio laser tip at these positions is much weaker (big
About 10 times, compare the A subgraph of Fig. 4).Although amplitude reduces, some positions (such as 17/18th area of ipsilateral 18th area and opposite side, figure
3 following figures) still show intensity dependence.In view of the fast energy of INS dissipates, this is unlikely to be due to local thermal effect
Caused by answering.
Also observe that other connection activation include: corresponding sharp on (1) ipsilateral topological diagram with opposite side 17/18/19 simultaneously
Position correlation living；The projection of (2) 17/18 area's corpus callosums is similar to studying in the past, is not mirror symmetry.These activation are all
It is consistent with the objective connection of anatomy.
INS also activates the cortex site being indirectly connected with stimulation location.Including
(1) outside Vickers area (AES) before more sensory areas, it receives vision by the area thalamus LP and the cortex lateral sulcus area (LS)
It inputs (Fig. 5 C right figure),
(2) cingulum visual area (CVA) receives to pass through pulvinar (Fig. 5 C left figure, and (3) 7 areas and 19/ from 17/18
The input in 20/21st area and the side region Xue Shi.
In short, the known dissection connectivity one in entire cranial nerve activation network map and 17th area and 18th area stimulation focal position
It causes.These activation are not random, and dissimilar with quiescent condition connection mode yet；On the contrary, they may be by activating
Dissection connection mediate function connects.
The embodiment of the present invention 2:
Squirrel monkey somatosensory cortex specific site stimulation test is activated to obtain Fig. 6 by INS.In Fig. 6, A subgraph is squirrel
The somatosensory cortex subprovince of monkey connects floor map.B subgraph is that the feedforward of the subprovince of Squirrel monkey somatosensory cortex is shown with feedback link
It is intended to.C subgraph is that the infrared nerve stimulation in the subprovince 3b activates NMR imaging floor map.When D subgraph, which is that C figure is same, to stimulate, just
Cross surface activation imaging map has depth information.
Squirrel monkey somatic cortex (SI) subregion is organized on two orthogonal axes: medial-lateral refers to an inner shaft
(D1-D5) axis (3a, 3b, 1,2) (Fig. 6 A) between anterior-posterior number particular surface.The region SI also has specific by stages information
The characteristics of circulation pattern includes: feedforward (middle layer label) and feedback (surface and deep layer) connection mode (Fig. 6 B).
One 400 μm of INS optical fiber is placed on the optical window on the region Squirrel monkey SI, and laser stimulation is positioned
In the cortex subprovince region (size about 1mm) determined by optical imagery.In 9.4T MRI scanner and signal enhancing contrast medium
(MION) local surface coil is used in, and imaging slice is obtained in side grain (Fig. 6 C) or its normal surface (Fig. 6 D) to cortex table
Face.From Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B as it can be seen that focal infrared nerve stimulation generates intensity dependence cerebral blood volume at laser tip position
(CBV) associated activation.Illustrate that INS can disclose this locally connected's mode.
Fig. 6 C (tangential plane slice) illustrates an example, and wherein the target of fiber optic tip is the specific region SI subprovince position
It sets (for carrying out digital positioning by optical imagery).INS produces in fiber optic tip~activation of 2mm and burnt far from stimulation
200-300 μm of activation of point.Active site matched D3 digital representation and region in region 3a and region 1 (black arrow)
The position consistency of (white arrow) is connected between dissection fingerprint in 3b, it is consistent with previously described two quadrature axis (Fig. 6 A).By
It is directed toward digital cutting-edge position in fiber optic tip, so activation drops to 3a/3b near border and not in 3b/1 near border, with
The tip of 3a/3b boundary to tip indicates consistent and in the expression in one's hands of the palm of 3b/1 boundary.
(Fig. 6 D) in another case, fiber optic tip is placed in region 2, and the scan slice in orthogonal plane.
In the tip INS near sites, stimulation causes~activation of 2mm and the focusing activation (arrow) of front and rear.Active region
Positioned at the area primary motor cortex (M1), the area 3a, the area 3b and 1 area's front region and 5 area's rear areas.Notice region 3a and M1
In active voxel fall in middle layer cortex (grey triangles arrow), and active voxel in region 3b and region 1 is presented double-deck point
Cloth (respectively white and grey triangles arrow).In region 5, it is known that receive the region of feedforward input, the layer of activation from region 2
Shape position is not clear, because it falls in the lateral sulcus bizet (white arrow) of big blood vessel place brain area.
In general, these activation maps and previously described feedforward (to the area 3a and M1) and feedback (to 3b and 1st area) connect
General character mode is similar (Fig. 6 B).The size of fiber optic tip active site also with label the position (~200-300 μ that is sliced after dissection
M) size is similar.Illustrate that INS can be used for disclosing to connect in regional area with interregional high-resolution.These connection modes compared with
It is more significant under high stimulus intensity (0.38J/cm2), intensity decline it is weaker when about half (0.17J/cm2), support it is non-stimulated
The activation at position hypothesis related with INS.
Above-mentioned specific embodiment is used to illustrate the present invention, rather than limits the invention, of the invention
In spirit and scope of protection of the claims, to any modifications and changes that the present invention makes, protection model of the invention is both fallen within
It encloses.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of infrared nerve stimulation induces full brain function magnetic resonance high-resolution imaging method, it is characterised in that including following step
Rapid: experimental subjects is placed in magnetic resonance device, carries out infrared laser stimulation and carries out functional MRI scanning using magnetic resonance device simultaneously
Realize imaging: the parameter of setting infrared laser stimulation, optical fiber are fixedly connected with cortex, and infrared laser stimulation is arrived by fiber optic conduction
Cortex is stimulated, and magnetic resonance imaging is carried out while infrared nerve stimulation, obtains image data；Image data is carried out
The cranial nerve that Data Analysis Services obtain constant stimulus cortical sites activates network map；Infrared nerve stimulation uses infrared laser
Being emitted to experimental subjects is stimulated, incentive condition are as follows: optical maser wavelength 1875nm, laser emission energy 0.1-1.0J/cm2, often
0.25 millisecond a length of, frequency is 200 hertz when a stimulation is by pulse, the pulse train that total duration is 0.5s-1s forms；
It is once stimulated in opening in the stage for 18 seconds for magnetic resonance, rests in 18 seconds pass stages of magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance is repeated with this
Switch-phases 36 seconds 10-20 times total.
2. a kind of infrared nerve stimulation according to claim 1 induces full brain function magnetic resonance high-resolution imaging method,
It is fixed it is characterized by: the optical fiber is fixed quartz capillary as fibre-optic catheter by sphenotresia, sets optical fiber head
In cortical surface.
3. a kind of infrared nerve stimulation according to claim 1 induces full brain function magnetic resonance high-resolution imaging method,
It is characterized by: the optical fiber has diameter 100,200, three kinds of 400um, numerical aperture 0.22, fiber exit end distance
Cortical surface is 0mm.
4. a kind of infrared nerve stimulation according to claim 1 induces full brain function magnetic resonance high-resolution imaging method,
It is characterized by: the infrared nerve stimulation stimulates cortex focally, it is diameter that active region is generated on cortex
100-500um range.
5. a kind of infrared nerve stimulation according to claim 1 induces full brain function magnetic resonance high-resolution imaging method,
It is characterized by: magnetic resonance imaging is imaged using the high-field nuclear magnetic resonance of 7T-9.4T magnetic resonance device.
6. a kind of infrared nerve stimulation according to claim 1 induces full brain function magnetic resonance high-resolution imaging method,
It is characterized by: the magnetic resonance imaging is to obtain EPI functional diagram by functional MRI single echo-planar imaging (EPI)
Then EPI function image is successively carried out slice correction of timing and motion correction, then removes baseline with three rank multinomial functions by picture
Offset and baseline restorer, then analysis obtains the activation site of significant difference, obtains cranial nerve and activates network map.
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