CN1091590C - 含有环糊精的粘膜粘着性乳剂 - Google Patents

含有环糊精的粘膜粘着性乳剂 Download PDF

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CN1091590C
CN1091590C CN95193083A CN95193083A CN1091590C CN 1091590 C CN1091590 C CN 1091590C CN 95193083 A CN95193083 A CN 95193083A CN 95193083 A CN95193083 A CN 95193083A CN 1091590 C CN1091590 C CN 1091590C
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P·普特曼
M·K·J·弗朗索瓦
E·C·L·施诺克斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及环糊精或其衍生物作为乳剂或水溶液中的粘膜粘着剂的应用,所述环糊精或其衍生物的用量为该组合物总重量的10%-70%(重量)。

Description

含有环糊精的粘膜粘着性乳剂
用于阴道的疗效好、使用方便的组合物的发展要求该组合物具有对阴道粘膜的满意粘着力,以防止该制品被排泄掉。因此,一种阴道组合物应优选地表现出充分的粘膜粘着性能。目前用来治疗阴道不适的凝胶、泡沫、乳膏、栓剂以及片剂在置入阴道腔内之后便很快散开了,而且对阴道壁的生物粘着性不足。因此,在用药后常常出现令人不愉快的外泄,至使这种制品的疗效受到限制。本发明通过提供一种含有10%-70%(重量)环糊精的粘膜粘着性乳剂来解决这一问题。
具体地说,本发明涉及环糊精或其衍生物作为乳剂或水溶液中的一种粘膜粘着剂的应用,以该组合物的总重量为基准,其中所述环糊精或其衍生物的用量是10%-70%(重量)。所说的这种粘膜组合物可施于,例如鼻腔、口腔,特别是阴道的粘膜上。优选的是,该组合物含有一种药物,例如灭菌、灭微生物、避孕,特别是抗真菌的药物。可以被包括在该组合物中的抗真菌药物是,例如咪康唑、克霉唑、酮康唑、特康唑、益康唑、布康唑、氟康唑,而尤其优选的是伊曲康唑。
本发明的另一方面涉及粘膜粘着性乳剂,它含有伊曲康唑和以该组合物总重量为基准其含量为10%-70%(重量)的环糊精或其衍生物。任选地,所说的组合物,除环糊精之外还含有其他具有粘膜粘着性的成分。
伊曲康唑是一种广谱抗真菌化合物,公开在美国专利号4,267,179中。除了其有用的粘膜粘着性能之外,本发明的伊曲康唑组合物表现出的优越性还在于,对阴道不适的治愈率比目前市售的抗真菌组合物高,复发率低。而且,本发明的伊曲康唑组合物还具有优异的理化稳定性。
伊曲康唑的通用名称是4-[4-[4-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3二草脲胺-4-基]甲氧基]苯基]-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2,4-二氢-2-(1-甲基丙基)-3-H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮。本文使用的术语“伊曲康唑”包括其游离碱形式、药物上可接受的加成盐、立体化学异构体形式以及其互变形式。优选的伊曲康唑化合物是游离碱形式的(±)-(顺式)的形式。酸加成形式可以通过该碱形式与适当的酸反应获得。合适的酸包括,例如无机酸,如氢卤酸,象盐酸和氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等;或者有机酸,如乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、2-羟基丙酸、2-氧代丙酸、乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、(Z)-丁烯二酸、(E)-丁烯二酸、2-羟基丁二酸、2,3-二羟基丁二酸、2-羟基-1,2,3-丙烷三羧酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、4-甲基苯磺酸、环己氨基磺酸、2-羟基苯甲酸、4-氨基-2-羟基苯甲酸等酸。上面所使用的加成盐一词还包括溶剂化物。所述溶剂化物应属于本发明范围之内。这类溶剂化物的例子是,比如水合物、醇化物之类。
制成该药物的加成盐形式可能是为了增加其在水相中的溶解度。
本发明的组合物包含环糊精或其衍生物。合适的环糊精衍生物是α-,β-,γ-环糊精或其醚和混合醚,其中环糊精的葡糖酐单元中的一个或多个羟基被下列基团所取代:C1-6烷基,尤其是甲基、乙基或异丙基;羟基C1-6烷基,尤其是羟乙基、羟丙基和羟丁基;羧基C1-6烷基,尤其是羧甲基或羧乙基;C1-6烷基羰基,特别是乙酰基;C1-6烷氧羰基-C1-6烷基或羧C1-6烷氧-C1-6烷基,尤其是羧甲氧丙基或羧乙氧丙基;C1-6烷-羰-氧-C1-6烷基,尤其是2-乙酰氧丙基。作为配位剂和/或加溶剂,尤其值得一提的是β-环糊精衍生物(CD)、2,6-二甲基-β-CD、2-羟乙基-β-CD、2-羟乙基-γ-CD、2-羟丙基-γ-CD和(2-羧甲氧基)丙基-β-CD,特别是2-羟丙基-β-CD。
上面的混合醚指的是这样的环糊精衍生物,其中至少有两个环糊精羟基被不同的基团,例如羟丙基或羟乙基所醚化。
采用平均摩尔取代度(M.S.)来衡量每摩尔葡糖酐的烷氧单元的平均摩尔数。M.S.值可以用各种分析技术测定,例如核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)以及红外光谱(IR)等方法。对于某一给定的环糊精衍生物,依据所使用的技术不同,得到的数值可能稍有不同。在应用于根据本发明的组合物的环糊精羟烷基衍生物中,按照质谱法测定的M.S.为0.125-10,特别为0.3-3,或0.3-1.5。M.S.的优选范围是约0.3-约0.8,特别是约0.35-约0.5,更特别是约0.4。用NMR或IR测定的M.S.值的优选范围是0.3-1,特别是0.55-0.75。
平均取代度(D.S.)指的是每个葡糖酐单元上被取代的羟基的平均个数。D.S.的数值可以用各种分析技术测定,例如核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)以及红外光谱(IR)等方法。对于某一给定的环糊精衍生物,依据所使用的技术不同,得到的数值可能稍有不同。在应用于根据本发明的组合物的环糊精羟烷基衍生物中,按照质谱法测定的D.S.为0.125-3,特别为0.2-2,或0.2-1.5。D.S.的优选范围是约0.2-约0.7,特别是约0.35-约0.5,更特别是约0.4。用NMR或IR测定的D.S.值的优选范围是0.3-1,特别是0.55-0.75。
未取代的β-或γ-环糊精的含量优选地低于环糊精总含量的5%,尤其低于1.5%。特别令人感兴趣的环糊精衍生物是无规甲基化的β-环糊精。用于根据本发明的组合物中的更好的β-和γ-环糊精羟烷基衍生物是这样的部分取代的环糊精衍生物,其中在葡糖酐单元中不同位置的羟基处的平均烷基化程度分别为,在3位约0%-20%,2位约2%-70%,6位约5%-90%。
用于本发明的最优选的环糊精衍生物是那些含有羟丙基、羟乙基,特别是含2-羟丙基和/或2-(1-羟丙基)取代基的β-环糊精醚或混合醚。用于本发明组合物的最优选的环糊精衍生物是,M.S.为0.35-0.50、而且未取代β-环糊精含量低于1.5%的羟丙基-β-环糊精。用NMR或IR测定的M.S.的数值优选地为0.55-0.75。
取代的环糊精可以按照US-3,459,731、EP-A-0,149,197、EP-A-0,197,571、US-4,535,152、WO-90/12035以及GB-2,189,245所述方法制备。其他描述可用于本发明的组合物,并可作为环糊精制备、提纯和分析的指南的参考文献包括:“环糊精技术”,作者Jozsef Szejtli,“药物中的环糊精”一章,1988年Kluwer Academic Publishers出版;“环糊精化学”,作者M.L.Bender等,1978年Springer Verlag(柏林)出版;“糖类化学进展”,第12卷,由M.L.Wolfrom主编,Dexter French等撰写的“Schardinger糊精”一章中189-260页,纽约Academic Press出版(157);“环糊精及其包合配合物”,作者J.Szejtli,1982年Akademiai Kiado出版,匈亚利布达佩斯;I.Tabushi的文章:Acc.Chem.Research,1982年第15期,66-72页;W.Sanger,Angewandte Chemie,92,343-361页(1981);A.P.Croft和R.A.Bartsch的文章:Tetrahedron,39,1417-1474页(1983);Irie等,“药物研究”,5,713-716,(1988);Pitha等,Int.J.Pharm.,29,73,(1986);DE 3,118,218;DE-3,317,064;EP-A-94,157;US-4,659,696;以及US-4,383,992。
环糊精及其衍生物是已知的溶解性和/或稳定性增强剂。尤其对本发明的伊曲康唑组合物而言,环糊精对抗真菌剂在组合物水相中的溶解性具有促进的作用。出乎意料的是,发现当组合物中含有超过制剂总重量的10%的环糊精或其衍生物时,该组合物表现出有用的粘膜粘合性能。
下文将乳剂中每种成分的含量表示为,以制剂总重量为基准的重量百分数。类似地,所有的比例一词也用于定义重量与重量的比。
具体地说,药物的含量可为0.1%-20%,优选0.5%-10%,更优选1%-5%,特别是1%-2%。环糊精在本发明的组合物中的含量为10%-约70%,优选25%-60%,特别是40%-50%、一般而言,药物,具体说伊曲康唑,与环糊精的比例为约1∶700-1∶2,优选7∶120-1∶10,特别是1∶50-1∶25。
本发明的乳剂由水相和油相组成。该组合物可以采取水包油(O/W)乳剂的形式,其中油相被看作内相或分散相,而水相被看作外相或连续相。所述O/W乳剂的优点在于,该药物,具体说伊曲康唑,溶解在水相,即外相中,它是直接接触粘膜的。因此,后者将提高药物的效力并可以降低单位时间内要求的上药次数。
替代的方案是,组合物采取油包水(W/O)的乳剂形式,其中水相被看作内相或分散相,而油相被看作外相或连续相。所述W/O乳剂的优点在于,它表现出较好的摊开特性和最佳的粘膜粘着性,因此构成本发明的对患者特别有利的实施方案。优选的是,该乳剂的油相含有矿物油,更具体地说,含有石蜡油。
该组合物可以以传统的产品形式,例如乳膏、胶囊、阴道栓剂、明胶胶囊、包衣塞、靠人工或机械压力(喷沫)使用插入套管给药器具直接引入阴道的制剂等。
除药物和环糊精成分之外,本发明组合物还可以包含各种添加剂,例如乳化剂、缓冲体系、酸或碱、稳定剂、增稠剂、防腐剂等。
合适的乳化剂是,例如阴离子、阳离子,或者较优选地,非离子乳化剂,例如蔗糖酯;葡糖酯;聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯;聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚;甘油酯,例如甘油单硬脂酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇酯,例如脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯(=Span 40)、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯(=Span 60);脱水山梨糖醇酯的聚氧乙烯衍生物,例如聚山梨酯40(=Tween 40)、聚山梨酯60(=Tween60)、鲸蜡基二甲硅油共聚醇等。鲸蜡基二甲硅油共聚醇的优选用量是0.5%-10%,更优选约2%。
缓冲体系包含合适数量的酸,例如磷酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、乳酸或柠檬酸,和碱,具体说,氢氧化钠或磷酸氢二钠的混合物。优选的是,所述缓冲体系能将制剂的pH值维持在1-4,更优选在2-3。或者,通过加入一种酸,例如盐酸,或者一种碱,例如氢氧化钠等,使组合物的pH值得到固定。阴道粘膜完全可以耐受pH小于3的本发明组合物。从阴道组合物技术上的pH值的角度来看,这显然是出乎意料的,因为该值通常仅为微酸性(pH约为4)。而且,本组合物的这种低pH特性将对组合物的抗微生物作用产生有利的影响。
能确保组合物的理化稳定性的合适稳定剂是,例如无机盐,如氯化钠等,1,2-丙二醇、甘油等等。氯化钠和1,2-丙二醇的用量,优选地各为0.5%-5%,更优选地,约1%的氯化钠和3%的1,2-丙二醇。
本发明制剂的粘度在加入下列增稠剂之后会提高,例如加入疏液性增稠剂,如1-十八醇、1-十六醇、甘油单硬脂酸酯、Carnuba蜡、蜂蜡、三羟基硬脂酸酯等;或者加入亲液性增稠剂,例如纤维素衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素钠;聚乙二醇;壳多糖及其衍生物,如脱乙酰壳多糖;泊洛沙姆;粘土;天然树胶;淀粉衍生物等。三羟基硬脂酸酯优选的用量为0.05-5%,更优选约0.5%。
优选的组合物是组成如下的组合物:
伊曲康唑含量为0.1-5%;
环糊精含量为10-70%;
增稠剂含量为0.05-5%;
乳化剂含量为0.5-10%;以及
稳定剂含量为0.5-10%。
以组合物总重量为基准,更优选的组合物包含:
(a)0.5-3%的伊曲康唑;
(b)30-70%的环糊精;
(c)0.1-1%的增稠剂;
(d)1-5%的乳化剂;
(e)1-4%的稳定剂;
(f)使组合物的pH值保持在1-3之间的缓冲体系、酸或碱;
(g)0.5-50%的皮科可接受的油;以及
(h)水。
以组合物总重量为基准,特别优选的组合物大致包含:
(a)1%的伊曲康唑;
(b)约43%的羟丙基-β-环糊精;
(c)0.5%的三羟基硬脂酸酯;
(d)2%的鲸蜡基二甲硅油共聚醇;
(e)1%氯化钠和3%1,2-丙二醇;
(f)大约0.4%的盐酸和数量足以使组合物的pH值保持在大约2.7的氢氧化钠;
(g)20%的石蜡油;以及
(h)水。
以组合物总重量为基准,另一种特别优选的组合物大致包含:
(a)2%的伊曲康唑;
(b)约50%的羟丙基-β-环糊精;
(c)0.5%的三羟基硬脂酸酯;
(d)2%的鲸蜡基二甲硅油共聚醇;
(e)1%氯化钠和3%1,2-丙二醇;
(f)大约0.9%的盐酸和数量足以使组合物的pH值保持在大约2.2的氢氧化钠;
(g)12.5%的石蜡油;以及
(h)水。
为了制备本发明的药物组合物,可把有效数量的药物和环糊精配制成包括乳液中的水相和油相的紧密混合物。在一个优选的模式中,本发明的组合物的制备过程包括下列步骤:
(1)制备包含药物和环糊精的水相;
(2)在相(1)中加入酸、碱或缓冲物质,直至pH值达到希望的数值;
(3)在80-85℃的温度下搅拌制备成油相;
(4)将相(3)冷却到40℃以下,然后加入乳化剂;
(5)在搅拌下将相(2)和相(4)混合。
任选地,可采用本领域已知的方法将这样制得的组合物均化。
任选地,上述操作程序在惰性气氛,例如氮或无氧的氩气中进行。使用微粉化形式的药物是有利的。微粉化形式的制备可以采用本领域已知的微粉化技术,例如通过在适当的磨中研磨,然后采用适当的筛子过筛。
就另一方面而言,本发明涉及按上面定义的组合物在预防、减缓或治疗粘膜,特别是阴道粘膜不适等症状方面的用途。
本发明还涉及热血动物,尤其是人类,体内粘膜失调以及与此相关的种种不适,特别是阴道感染的预防、减缓或治疗的方法,该方法包括在所述热血动物的阴道部位施用按上文定义的组合物,其剂量应能足以预防、减缓或治疗这种不适。
一般地,可以预期,本发明的组合物的有效剂量约为每日一次,用药1至3天。显然,上述的有效剂量可以根据治疗对象的反应和/或根据采用本发明组合物的开方医师的意见,加以增减。因此,上面提到的有效剂量只不过给出一个指导原则,绝不是要对本发明的范围或应用作出任何限制。
给出下面的实例的目的是为了举例说明本发明在所有方面的范围,而不是对其作出界定。
实例1:F1(乳膏)成分                                    含量,mg/g乳膏伊曲康唑                                10盐酸(药用)                              4.4羟丙基-β-CD                            4361,2-丙二醇                             30氢氧化钠                                使pH=2.7的数量氯化钠                                  10石蜡油                                  200鲸蜡基二甲硅油共聚醇                    20三羟基硬脂酸酯                          5纯水                                    加至1克
步骤:
(1)在35-40℃和搅拌的条件下将10mg伊曲康唑和4.4mg盐酸溶解在30mg 1,2-丙二醇中;
(2)在搅拌下把436 mg羟丙基-β-CD溶解在284.6mg纯水中;
(3)然后,在搅拌下将相(1)与相(2)混合;
(4)在搅拌下将10mg氯化钠溶解在相(3)中;
(5)加入浓氢氧化钠,直至pH=2.7;
(6)将200mg石蜡油和5mg三羟基硬脂酸酯在80-85%下搅拌(25rpm)、混合30分钟;
(7)在搅拌下使相(6)冷却到40℃以下,然后在搅拌下加入20mg鲸蜡基二甲硅油共聚醇;
(8)然后,将相(5)和相(7)在搅拌下混合30分钟。
类似地制备了:
F2(乳膏)成分                                 含量,mg/g乳膏伊曲康唑                             20盐酸(药用)                           8.9羟丙基-β-CD                         5001,2-丙二醇                          30氢氧化钠                             使pH=2.2的数量氯化钠                               10石蜡油                               125鲸蜡基二甲硅油共聚醇                 20三羟基硬脂酸酯                       5纯水                                 加至1克
F3(乳膏)成分                                  含量,mg/g乳膏伊曲康唑                              25盐酸(药用)                            11.1羟丙基-β-CD                          5301,2-丙二醇                           35氢氧化钠                              使pH=2的数量石蜡油                                45鲸蜡基二甲硅油共聚醇                  15三羟基硬脂酸酯                        5纯水                                  加至1克
实例2
对6只雌性新西兰白兔做了阴道内施用F3乳膏的试验,剂量为每千克体重0.05克。在4周内每天对所有的动物进行检查,看是否有逐渐衰弱、行为异常或表象异常的临床迹象、是否出现不正常的临床效应,以及刺激、中毒和药理反应等证据。
结论:
所考察的乳膏未对动物的临床表象和行为产生影响。在4周的时间里,未见任何一只试验动物的阴道有泄漏发生。
实例3
试验溶液:
苯甲酸            2mg
羟丙基-β-CD      250mg
浓盐酸            使pH=3.04的数量
纯水              加至1克
对3只雌性Albino兔做了阴道内施用上表所示试验溶液的试验,在试验的连续5天里,剂量为每千克体重0.25克试验溶液。在这5天时间里,未见任何一个试验动物发生制剂逼出。

Claims (10)

1.环糊精或其衍生物作为乳剂或水溶液中的粘膜粘着剂的用途,以组合物总重量为基准,所述环糊精或其衍生物的用量为10%-70%。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该环糊精的用量,以组合物总重量为基准,为30%-60%。
3.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该组合物还另外含有药物。
4.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该组合物是一种阴道用制剂。
5.一种粘膜粘着性乳剂,含有伊曲康唑,和以组合物总重量为基准其量为10%-70%的环糊精或其衍生物。
6.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中该乳剂是油包水型乳剂。
7.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中pH值为1-4。
8.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中伊曲康唑与环糊精的重量比为1∶700-1∶2。
9.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中:
伊曲康唑的含量为0.1-5%;
环糊精的含量为10-70%;
增稠剂的含量为0.05-5%;
乳化剂的含量为0.5-10%;以及
稳定剂的含量为0.5-10%。
10.制备如同权利要求5-9中任何一项所要求的组合物的方法,其特征在于将有效数量的伊曲康唑和环糊精或其衍生物与水相和油相紧密地混合。
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