CN109151672A - Audio source tracking system and its control method based on array microphone - Google Patents

Audio source tracking system and its control method based on array microphone Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109151672A
CN109151672A CN201811094328.9A CN201811094328A CN109151672A CN 109151672 A CN109151672 A CN 109151672A CN 201811094328 A CN201811094328 A CN 201811094328A CN 109151672 A CN109151672 A CN 109151672A
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array
microphone
signal
filter
tracking system
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CN109151672B (en
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王中方
张建国
王宇威
雍洋
孙新
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/027Spatial or constructional arrangements of microphones, e.g. in dummy heads
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones

Abstract

Audio source tracking system and its control method based on array microphone, including, including array microphone, filter amplification circuit, single-chip microcontroller, rotary head and encoder;In use, first carrying out pickup with array microphone;Microphone pickup signal is handled by Sampling frequency filter;Then treated signal is sampled by the ADC of single-chip microcontroller;DOA estimation is carried out to sampled data after finally sampling terminates, the angle changing rate of the angle and current holder estimated, to determine whether rotary platform and rotation direction, so that camera or high directivity microphone be made to be directed at sound source;The present invention has the advantages that tracking is accurate.

Description

Audio source tracking system and its control method based on array microphone
Technical field
The present invention relates to audio source tracking technical fields, in particular to based on the audio source tracking system of array microphone and its control Method processed.
Background technique
In the prior art, in traditional array signal processing, master to be processed is narrow band signal, and narrow band signal refers to band Width is far smaller than the signal of centre frequency, and assumes that signal source is located at the far field of array, therefore plane wave propagation can be used It is theoretical, it is believed that signal is incident in parallel, does not have amplitude difference between the signal that each array element receives, caused by only existing propagation delay The model and algorithm of phase difference traditional array signal processing are all built upon under conditions of narrow band signal, but voice signal Frequency range is 300-3400Hz, and bandwidth is larger, so cannot directly handle voice signal.
Existing audio source tracking system shows the acquisition of sound-source signal by traditional array signal, and disadvantage cannot be real The accurate positionin tracking of existing sound source.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides based on array microphone audio source tracking system and Its control method, can estimate the incoming wave orientation of sound source, thus realize the real-time tracking of target, the denoising of target correlated characteristic The function of extraction.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
Audio source tracking system based on array microphone, including array microphone, filter amplification circuit, single-chip microcontroller, rotation Holder and encoder;
The pickup signal of the array microphone passes to filter amplification circuit;
The filter amplification circuit is carried out by filtering, amplification, biasing is transmitted to single-chip microcontroller six channel ADC after setting Sampling;
The angle calculated is sent instructions to encoder by serial port module by the central processing unit of the single-chip microcontroller, Control rotation rotary head.
Further, the array microphone is placed on airspace according to array manifold using the microphone of certain amount In, airspace signal is sampled, the Space domain sampling data of information source is obtained and is handled.
Further, the central processing unit of the single-chip microcontroller shows the angle calculated by LCD screen.
The control method of audio source tracking system based on array microphone, the steps include:
Step 1: pickup first is carried out with array microphone;Microphone pickup signal is handled by Sampling frequency filter;
Step 2: treated signal is sampled by the ADC of single-chip microcontroller;
Step 3: sampling carries out DOA estimation to sampled data after terminating, the angle and current holder estimated Angle changing rate, to determine whether rotary platform and rotation direction, to make camera or high directivity microphone alignment sound Source.
The array microphone is placed in airspace using the microphone of certain amount according to even linear array, is believed airspace It number is sampled, the signal of even linear array is incident in parallel, and array element spacing is d, and note signal wavelength is λ, element number of array N, array Effective aperture are as follows:If the distance of signal source to array is r, far field condition can be represented simply asSpatial sampling frequencies are
The Sampling frequency filter is made of comb filter resonator: Comb filter has N number of equally distributed zero point on unit circle: i.e.Each resonator is in unit circle On have a pole:The pole of resonator respectively offsets pectination just in Sampling frequency filter The zero point of filter, coefficient are exactly that filter existsThe response at place;By the pole of the zero point resonator of comb filter Point moves a bit simultaneously into circle, it may be assumed thatGuarantee the stabilization of filter.
The model of the DOA estimation are as follows: the signal that each array element of array microphone receives are as follows:
s(t) s(T+τ) s(t+2τ) … s(t+(M-1)τ)
WhereinD is array element spacing, and θ is incident angle, and c is speed of sound, and M is array element number, for Narrowband parses complex signal, has:
s(t) s(t)ejωτ(θ) s(t)ej2ωτ(θ) … s(t)ej(M-1)ωτ(θ)
The signal that i-th of array element receives are as follows:
Indicated with vector form: wherein E (θ) is guiding vector: E (θ)=[1 e to X (t)=s (t) E (θ)jωτ(θ) … ej (M-1)ωτ(θ)]T, E (θ) is guiding vector;
The algorithm of the DOA estimation are as follows: known reception signal observation sample sequence { xi(t) }, i=1,2 ..., M are to have Limit for length's sequence, is denoted as
X (t)=[x1(t) x2(t) … xM(t)]T
By calculating the power of each angle incoming signal, angle corresponding to maximum value is then found out, is exactly uniform line The parallel incidence angle of signal that battle array is put;First estimation autocorrelation matrix is averaging to the n times snap of acquisition:
Then power corresponding to each angle can be calculated:Wherein, R is auto-correlation Matrix, M are array element number.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention is sent voice signal into the ADC of single-chip microcontroller by array microphone, and single-chip microcontroller is by collected voice Instruction carries out direction estimation, is estimated using the DOA technology in array signal processing sound source, thus make cloud platform rotation, with Track images target.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structure principle chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Shown in referring to Fig.1, the audio source tracking system based on array microphone, including array microphone, filter amplification circuit, Single-chip microcontroller, rotary head and encoder;
The pickup signal of the array microphone passes to filter amplification circuit;
The filter amplification circuit is carried out by filtering, amplification, biasing is transmitted to single-chip microcontroller six channel ADC after setting Sampling;
The angle calculated is sent instructions to encoder by serial port module by the central processing unit of the single-chip microcontroller, Control rotation rotary head.
The array microphone is placed in airspace using the microphone of certain amount according to array manifold, is believed airspace It number is sampled, obtains the Space domain sampling data of information source and handled.
The central processing unit of the single-chip microcontroller shows the angle calculated by LCD screen.
The linear array for having selected 6 array elements, due to velocity of sound v=340m/s, voice frequency is between 300-3400Hz, wherein f= Corresponding half wavelength lambda=the 0.5*v/f=0.1m=10cm of 1700Hz, array element spacing are 10cm.
The control method of audio source tracking system based on array microphone, the steps include:
Step 1: pickup first is carried out for the array microphone of 10cm with using 6 array elements, array element spacing, to airspace signal It is sampled, the signal of even linear array is incident in parallel, and array element spacing is d, and note signal wavelength is λ, element number of array N, array etc. Imitate aperture are as follows:If the distance of signal source to array is r, far field condition can be represented simply as Spatial sampling frequencies areMicrophone pickup signal is handled by Sampling frequency filter;Normal voice The power of frequency component is maximum in 600Hz-1200Hz, so being sliced within this range, using 200Hz as interval, altogether Cut four;Frequency slice sampling is Sampling frequency filter, and Sampling frequency filter is divided into the comb filter of 40 ranks With the resonator of 4 different frequencies;
Comb filter has N number of equally distributed zero point on unit circle: i.e.Each resonator There is a pole on unit circle:The pole of resonator is just respective in Sampling frequency filter The zero point of comb filter is offset, coefficient is exactly that filter existsThe response at place;
N number of zero point of comb filter is since delay is formed, as long as the numerical stability of delay, the position of zero point is exactly Stable, weighting coefficient of N number of pole of the resonator on unit circle depending on single order resonator system feedback branch, but these Weighting coefficient suffers from the influence of finite word length effect, it is difficult to guarantee N number of pole all on unit circle, thus it cannot be guaranteed that N number of pole is completely counterbalanced by with N number of zero point, once cannot be completely counterbalanced by, filter will be unstable, in order to prevent such case Occur, the pole of the zero point resonator of comb filter can be moved a bit into circle simultaneously, so that it may guarantee filter Stablize, it may be assumed that
After 200 snapshot datas are by comb filter, pass through 40 transition points before filter output is stablized After removal, obtain 160 dimensions stablize output, then data pass through each road resonator again, respectively obtain 600Hz, 800Hz, The signal component of 1000Hz, 1200Hz realize frequency slice;
Step 2: treated signal is sampled by the ADC of single-chip microcontroller;
In the case where only one sound source, signal that each array element of array microphone receives are as follows:
s(t) s(t+τ) s(t+2τ) … s(t+(M-1)τ)
WhereinD is array element spacing, and θ is incident angle, and c is speed of sound, and M is array element number for narrow Band parsing complex signal, has:
s(t) s(t)ejωτ(θ) s(t)ej2ωτ(θ) … s(t)ej(M-1)ωτ(θ)
The signal that i-th of array element receives are as follows:
Indicated with vector form: wherein E (θ) is guiding vector to X (t)=s (t) E (θ):
E (θ)=[1 ejωτ(θ) … ej(M-1)ωτ(θ)]T
Known reception signal observation sample sequence { xi(t) }, i=1,2 ..., M are finite length sequence, are denoted as
X (t)=[x1(t) x2(t) … xM(t)]T
Period map method is the power by calculating each angle incoming signal, then finds out angle corresponding to maximum value, It is exactly the angle of voice signal incidence.
Way is first to be averaging estimation autocorrelation matrix to the n times snap of acquisition:
Then power corresponding to each angle can be calculated
This method is more steady, is not very stringent in required precision although main lobe is wider from the point of view of simulation result In the case where can apply, especially have mixing interfere in the case where period map method also can relatively accurately estimate angle.And The algorithm complexity of the algorithm is lower, is easy to realize on single-chip microcontroller.
Step 3: sampling carries out DOA estimation to sampled data after terminating, the angle and current holder estimated Angle changing rate, to determine whether rotary platform and rotation direction, to make camera or high directivity microphone alignment sound Source.

Claims (8)

1. the audio source tracking system based on array microphone, which is characterized in that including array microphone, filter amplification circuit, list Piece machine, rotary head and encoder;
The pickup signal of the array microphone passes to filter amplification circuit;
The filter amplification circuit is adopted by filtering, amplification, biasing is transmitted to single-chip microcontroller six channel ADC after setting Sample;
The angle calculated is sent instructions to encoder by serial port module by the central processing unit of the single-chip microcontroller, control Rotate rotary head.
2. the audio source tracking system according to claim 1 based on array microphone, which is characterized in that the array wheat The microphone of gram elegance certain amount is placed in airspace according to array manifold, is sampled to airspace signal, is obtained information source Space domain sampling data and handled.
3. the audio source tracking system according to claim 1 based on array microphone, which is characterized in that the single-chip microcontroller Central processing unit the angle calculated is shown by LCD screen.
4. the control method of the audio source tracking system based on array microphone, which is characterized in that the steps include:
Step 1: pickup first is carried out with array microphone;Microphone pickup signal is handled by Sampling frequency filter;
Step 2: treated signal is sampled by the ADC of single-chip microcontroller;
Step 3: sampling carries out DOA estimation to sampled data after terminating, the angle of the angle and current holder estimated Compare, to determine whether rotary platform and rotation direction, so that camera or high directivity microphone be made to be directed at sound source.
5. the control method of the audio source tracking system according to claim 4 based on array microphone, which is characterized in that institute The array microphone stated is placed in airspace using the microphone of certain amount according to even linear array, is adopted to airspace signal The signal of sample, even linear array is incident in parallel, and array element spacing is d, and note signal wavelength is λ, element number of array N, array effective aperture Are as follows:If the distance of signal source to array is r, far field condition can be represented simply asIt adopts in space Sample frequency is
6. the control method of the audio source tracking system according to claim 4 based on array microphone, which is characterized in that institute The Sampling frequency filter stated is made of comb filter resonator:Comb filter There is N number of equally distributed zero point on unit circle: i.e.Each resonator has a pole on unit circle Point:The pole of resonator respectively offsets the zero of comb filter just in Sampling frequency filter Point, coefficient are exactly that filter existsThe response at place;By the pole of the zero point resonator of comb filter simultaneously to circle Interior shifting is a bit, it may be assumed that
Guarantee the stabilization of filter.
7. the control method of the audio source tracking system according to claim 4 based on array microphone, which is characterized in that institute The model for the DOA estimation stated are as follows: the signal that each array element of array microphone receives are as follows:
s(t) s(t+τ) s(t+2τ) … s(t+(M-1)τ)
WhereinD is array element spacing, and θ is incident angle, and c is speed of sound, and M is array element number, for narrowband solution Complex signal is analysed, is had:
s(t) s(t)ejωτ(θ) s(t)ej2ωτ(θ) … s(t)ej(M-1)ωτ(θ)
The signal that i-th of array element receives are as follows:
Indicated with vector form: wherein E (θ) is guiding vector to X (t)=s (t) E (θ):
E (θ)=[1 ejωτ(θ) … ej(M-1)ωτ(θ)]T, E (θ) is guiding vector.
8. the control method of the audio source tracking system according to claim 4 based on array microphone, which is characterized in that institute The algorithm for the DOA estimation stated are as follows: known reception signal observation sample sequence { xi(t) }, i=1,2 ..., M are finite length sequence, It is denoted as
X (t)=[x1(t) x2(t) … xM(t)]T
By calculating the power of each angle incoming signal, angle corresponding to maximum value is then found out, is exactly that even linear array is put The parallel incidence angle of signal;First estimation autocorrelation matrix is averaging to the n times snap of acquisition:
Then power corresponding to each angle can be calculated:Wherein R is autocorrelation matrix, M For array element number.
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CN113640805A (en) * 2021-07-16 2021-11-12 中国科学院声学研究所 Omnibearing automatic monitoring and tracking device and method for acoustic image of field birds
CN114822579A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-07-29 天津大学 Signal estimation method based on first-order differential microphone array

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CN112788482A (en) * 2021-03-01 2021-05-11 北京电信易通信息技术股份有限公司 Microphone array positioning and holder linkage method and device
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CN114822579A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-07-29 天津大学 Signal estimation method based on first-order differential microphone array

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