CN109118742A - A kind of Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device based on LoRa communication - Google Patents
A kind of Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device based on LoRa communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN109118742A CN109118742A CN201811160019.7A CN201811160019A CN109118742A CN 109118742 A CN109118742 A CN 109118742A CN 201811160019 A CN201811160019 A CN 201811160019A CN 109118742 A CN109118742 A CN 109118742A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition devices based on LoRa communication, it includes microprocessor and the radio-frequency module that connect with acquisition terminal, microprocessor carries out data communication using LoRa wan communication agreement and multiple energy consumption data acquisition terminals, and radio-frequency module includes the radio-frequency transmitter connecting with the microprocessor and the radio frequency sending set that connect with energy consumption data acquisition terminal.The present invention greatly improves site operation efficiency so that energy consumption data collecting system construction and disposing extremely convenient, quick by using the data collector of LoRaWan communication protocol gateway, easy to operate, debugs easy to use;Simultaneously reduce field wiring process, save the expense of on-scene communication cable, have it is low in energy consumption, anti-noise is strong, and propagation distance is remote, support 200 terminals more than the advantages that.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of energy management, and in particular to it is a kind of based on LoRa communication Internet of Things energy consumption data adopt
Storage.
Background technique
As the development of China's economic society and environmental resource pressure are increasing, energy-saving and emission-reduction situation is increasingly severe.?
It carries forward vigorously in the energy conservation of the fields such as intelligent building, manufacture, government offices' office building, large-scale public, manufacturing industry build high energy consumption
The problem of become increasingly conspicuous.Energy management work, which is especially, carries out the relatively high manufacturer of large-scale public intelligent building, energy consumption
Administration of energy conservation work it is particularly important, utilize the generation information technologies such as modern communication, Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, it is real
Energy consumption dynamic monitoring now is carried out to intelligent building, reinforces intelligent building conservation operational management, establishes and improve efficiency assessment, with energy
Standard, energy consumption statistic, energy auditing, efficiency publicity, with can quota, energy conservation service system, for intelligent building operation rise in value.
Current energy management platform energy consumption data Transmission system is by data acquisition subsystem, monitoring building to data center
The portions such as (or data relay station) transmission subsystem, data center (or data relay station) to upper level data center transmission subsystem
It is grouped as;Data acquisition subsystem includes a metering device, data collector and data acquisition channel in monitoring building.Current
Data collector use Modbus (CJ/T 188-2004,645 DL/T electric power specification)/485 bus structures, i.e., metering device with
The physical connection of data collector uses RS-485 bus interface, using 645 electric power of Modbus/CJ/T 188-2004/DL/T
Specification agreement.
Communication network based on RS-485 data collector in on-scene communication has following deficiency:
Common mode interference caused by 1.RS-485 bus is grounded: being letter when connecting RS-485 communication link in many cases
Singly " A " of each interface, the end " B " are connected with a pair of of twisted pair, and have ignored the connection of signal ground, this connection side
Method is that can work normally, but buried very big hidden danger in many occasions, and generate common mode interference: RS-485 interface is using poor
Point mode transmits aspect, does not need to detect signal relative to some reference point, system need to only detect between two lines
Potential difference can, but be easy to ignore transceiver and have certain common-mode voltage range, RS-485 transceiver only meets altogether
Mode voltage (range is -7~+12V), whole network could work normally;When common-mode voltage exceeds this range in network line
It just will affect the reliable and stable of communication, or even damage interface.
EMI problem caused by 2.RS-485 bus is grounded: the common mode part sent in driver output signal needs one
Return path will return to source, entire bus is just such as the backward channel (signal ground) of none low-resistance in the form of radiation
Electromagnetic interference can be formed as a huge outside radiated electromagnetic wave of antenna.
3.RS485 is usually that half- or full-duplex communicates, 1200 meters of theoretical communication distance, but transmitted in practical application
The distance also difference due to transmission characteristic of chip and cable.Being easy to be interfered causes data to lose, for resolved impedance spectroscopy
With problem, terminal resistance is also used, to lose a part of power, load-carrying ability is reduced, counts in practical applications
It is 32 according to the measuring equipment that each data acquisition channel of collector is supported, negligible amounts.
4. impedance discontinuity, if encountering change in the instantaneous impedance in transmission process, signal will cause signal in this place
Reflection, it is to solve this problem, an equal amount of with the characteristic impedance of cable in the end of cable bridging one in Practical Project
Terminal resistance, but the application environments such as the characteristic impedance due to transmission cable and communication baud rate are related, characteristic impedance can not
Signal reflex essentially equal with terminal resistance therefore more or less can also exist, and trigger the comparator of receiver input terminal,
So that receiver is had received the signal of mistake, leads to CRC check mistake or entire data frame error.
5. scene needs a large amount of wirings, time-consuming and laborious and uneconomical, also easily because wiring lack of standardization causes signal reflex
Cause bus signal transmission unstable, whole system is highly stable sometimes, but then always goes wrong sometimes, again
It is difficult to search reason.
6. expending great manpower and material resources when field adjustable;Complexity is safeguarded when operation management, as the communication of high-tension distribution chamber of converting
Route is very troublesome when breaking down, and is all just to carry out in practical application after fixed cycle general overhaul power failure.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the invention is: in order to solve problem above existing in the prior art, the invention proposes one kind
Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device based on LoRa communication.
The technical scheme is that a kind of Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device based on LoRa communication, including micro process
Device and the radio-frequency module being connect with acquisition terminal;
The microprocessor inline operations system, using LoRa wan communication agreement and multiple energy consumption data acquisition terminals
Data communication is carried out, and for controlling energy consumption data acquisition terminal and GPS module, forwards energy consumption data acquisition terminal and server
Between uplink and downlink application message, organize and issue beacon message to synchronize to each energy consumption data acquisition terminal;
The radio-frequency module includes the radio-frequency transmitter connecting with the microprocessor and connects with energy consumption data acquisition terminal
The radio frequency sending set connect;The radio-frequency module is provided with multiple communication channels, carries out channel selection according to channel clear, and
Rate adaptation is carried out using rate adaptation mode.
Further, the microprocessor is connect with radio-frequency module using Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and uses Modbus data
Transport protocol carries out data communication.
Further, the Modbus Data Transport Protocol establishes the request format for having client computer to start, when server pair
When client responds, normal response and exception response are indicated using function code domain.
Further, the Modbus Data Transport Protocol uses high priority data coding mode, is sending multiple words
Most significant bit is preferentially sent when section.
Further, the Modbus Data Transport Protocol using with the data on different characteristic table as data mould
Type, including discrete magnitude input, coil, input register and holding register.
Further, hardware abstraction layer interface is provided between the microprocessor and radio-frequency module, by radio-frequency module number
Four types are divided into according to structure interface, are respectively used to the centre frequency and switch shape of setting radio frequency sending set and radio-frequency transmitter
State, setting channel central frequency and radio frequency chip parameter, the valid data of received data packet and metadata send having for data packet
Imitate data and radio frequency parameter.
Further, the microprocessor from energy consumption data acquisition terminal obtain mote uplink application message simultaneously framing at
PUSH_DATA message is sent to server.
Further, the microprocessor receives the downlink application message that server is sent, and is organized into beacon message and adds
Enter JiT queue;Beacon message is obtained from JiT queue again and is sent to each energy consumption data acquisition terminal.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: data collector of the present invention by using LoRaWan communication protocol gateway, so that
Energy consumption data collecting system is built and disposes extremely convenient, quick, and site operation efficiency is greatly improved, easy to operate, adjusts
It tries easy to use;Simultaneously reduce field wiring process, save the expense of on-scene communication cable, have it is low in energy consumption, anti-noise is strong,
The advantages that propagation distance is remote, supports 200 terminals or more, greatly reduces the investment of first stage of construction data collector, to reduce
The gross investment at energy management platform construction initial stage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device of the invention based on LoRa communication;
Fig. 2 is Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device network topological diagram in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, for the structural schematic diagram of the Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device of the invention based on LoRa communication.One
The Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device that kind is communicated based on LoRa, including microprocessor and the radio-frequency module being connect with acquisition terminal;
The microprocessor inline operations system, using LoRa wan communication agreement and multiple energy consumption data acquisition terminals
Data communication is carried out, and for controlling energy consumption data acquisition terminal and GPS module, forwards energy consumption data acquisition terminal and server
Between uplink and downlink application message, organize and issue beacon message to synchronize to each energy consumption data acquisition terminal;
The radio-frequency module includes the radio-frequency transmitter connecting with the microprocessor and connects with energy consumption data acquisition terminal
The radio frequency sending set connect;The radio-frequency module is provided with multiple communication channels, carries out channel selection according to channel clear, and
Rate adaptation is carried out using rate adaptation mode.
The present invention is using the Internet of Things communication communicated based on LoRa instead of traditional measuring instrument to data
Collector wired mode, so that energy consumption data collecting system construction and disposing extremely convenient, quick, the scene of greatly improving is applied
Work efficiency rate, it is easy to operate, it debugs easy to use.As shown in Fig. 2, for Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device network topology in the present invention
Figure.
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention where, microprocessor of the invention is adopted using raspberry pie chip, radio-frequency module
With SX1301 radio frequency chip, SX1301 radio frequency chip has the up to receiving sensitivity of -142.5dBm, 49 LoRa " virtual " logical
Road and ADR technology possess 7 LoRa channels and a FSK communication channel, can guarantee that the same time receives lower section multiple ends
Hold message.Data collector of the invention controls the communication channel of lower section terminal by network layer, which channel idle preferentially makes
With idle channel, and configure the channel occupancy ratio of each terminal;More than channel sky accounting, can postpone to send message.SX1301
External 2 SX1257 (or SX1255) of radio frequency chip, SX125x is radio frequency front end chip, is used for I/Q (In-phase/
Quadrature, inphase quadrature digital signal) it is converted into radio emulation signal.
Microprocessor of the invention carries out data using LoRa wan communication agreement and multiple energy consumption data acquisition terminals
Communication, radio-frequency module carry out rate adaptation, principle using rate adaptation mode are as follows: rely on energy consumption data acquisition terminal and net
The distance of pass, closer, radio-frequency module will use high-speed;Remoter, radio-frequency module will use low rate.SX1301 radio-frequency module
8 channels of IF0~IF7, be provided with 8 centre frequencies, but each channel can receive SF7~SF12 totally 6 kinds of rates
LoRa signal.So, End Node can be according to signal strength, and unrestricted choice SF (i.e. rate) sends data.
Radio-frequency module can be switched to any one in 8 frequencies, and co-channel interference is effectively reduced;It can also use any in 6 kinds of rates
One kind, gateway do not have to the rate for recording it, simplify;Antenna diversity may be implemented in data collector, is effectively improved mobile collection
The multipath of terminal fails.
It is attached between raspberry pie chip and SX1301 radio frequency chip using patching Du Pont's line;Specifically, raspberry pie core
The pin 2 of piece passes through red Du Pont's line and connect with the pin 2 of SX1301 radio frequency chip, and the pin 6 of raspberry pie chip passes through black
Du Pont's line is connect with the pin 4 of SX1301 radio frequency chip, and the pin 15 of raspberry pie chip is penetrated by brown Du Pont line with SX1301
The pin 14 of frequency chip connects, and the pin 19 of raspberry pie chip passes through blue Du Pont's line and the pin 18 of SX1301 radio frequency chip connects
It connects, the pin 21 of raspberry pie chip passes through green Du Pont's line and connect with the pin 15 of SX1301 radio frequency chip, raspberry pie chip
Pin 23 is connect by yellow Du Pont line with the pin 16 of SX1301 radio frequency chip, and the pin 24 of raspberry pie chip passes through white Du
Nation's line connect with the pin 17 of SX1301 radio frequency chip
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention where, microprocessor of the invention and radio-frequency module use Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
Connection, and data communication is carried out using Modbus Data Transport Protocol, to abandon the MAX485 interface communication on original pcb board
Chip directlys adopt the mode of LoRa communication, and the (SuSE) Linux OS based on raspberry pie carries out Modbus protocol development, firmly
Part system is directly designed using raspberry pie and functional verification, is also convenient for the later period and is transplanted to the SCM system based on ARM.
For the present invention using Modbus Data Transport Protocol as application layer Message Protocol, realization is passing through different type
Bus or network connection equipment between client/server communication.MODBUS protocol definition one and Base communication
The unrelated simple protocol data cell (PDU) of layer.MODBUS agreement mapping in specific bus or network can apply data
Some additional fields are introduced on unit (ADU), such as address field, error checking and correction domain.
The present invention establishes the request format of client computer starting using Modbus Data Transport Protocol, when server is to client computer
When response, normal response and exception response are indicated using function code domain.For a normal response, server is only to original
Function code response;For exception response, server returns to a code being equal with original function code, and the original function code is arranged
Most significant bit is logic 1.
Modbus Data Transport Protocol indicates address and data item using high priority data coding mode in the present invention, i.e.,
Most significant bit is preferentially sent when sending multiple bytes.Such as Ox1234, sending the first byte first is 0x12, is then being sent
0x34 byte.
In the present invention Modbus Data Transport Protocol using with the data on different characteristic table as data model, including
Discrete magnitude input, coil, input register and holding register, as shown in table 1.
Table 1, basic table
Basic table | Object type | Access type | Content |
Discrete magnitude input | 1bit | It is read-only | I/O system provides this categorical data |
Coil | 1bit | Read-write | Change this categorical data by application program |
Input register | 16bit | It is read-only | I/O system provides this categorical data |
Holding register | 16bit | Read-write | Change this categorical data by application program |
Difference between input and output and between the data item of bit address addressed word does not imply any
Application operating.If this is most naturally explained suspect object core, this difference can receive completely, and
And it is very common, to think that four tables all cover another table.
For any one of basic table, agreement all allows individually to select 65536 data item, and designs those
Read-write operation can cross multiple continuous items until size of data specification limit, this size of data specification limitation with
Issued transaction function code is related.
It will be apparent that all data that handled by MODBUS must be placed in equipment application memory.But it stores
The physical address of device should not be obscured with data reference, it is desirable that be only linking for data reference and physical address.MODBUS function
MODBUS reference logic number used in energy code is the signless integer index started with 0.
The present invention in server side ModBus transaction process successively to MODBUS indicate carry out confirmation operation code, really
Recognize data address, confirm data value, execute MODBUS operation, send MODBUS response, is back to reception MODBUS instruction and carries out
Circulation;Exception code is generated respectively when confirming invalid and sends MODBUS exception response, is back to and is received MODBUS instruction.
The present invention transmission serial on the line using the position content that RTU mode of serial transmission defines message domain, determines letter
How breath is packaged as message and decoding, and the transmission mode (and serial port parameter) of all devices on Modbus serial link is arranged
It is identical.Although being to require in specific field ascii mode, the interoperability reached between Modbus equipment is only each
Equipment has identical mode: all devices must must realize RTU mode.In addition, setting ASCII transmission mode is option.
When equipment is every in Modbus serial link communication, message using RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) mode
A octet is containing there are two 4 hexadecimal characters.The major advantage of this mode is higher packing density, identical
There is higher throughput than ascii mode under baud rate, each message is transmitted with continuous character stream.
When controller is communicated in Modbus bus with ascii mode, every 8bit byte in an information is made
It is transmitted for 2 ascii characters, the major advantage of this mode is to allow the time interval between character up to 1S, and will not go out
Existing mistake.Modbus message is configured to the frame with known starting and ending label by sending device by ascii mode.This makes to set
It is standby to start reception new frame in message, and it is aware of when the message ends.Incomplete message allows for being detected
And error flag must be set as a result.
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention where, the present invention uses LoRa wan communication protocol realization collector and energy
Consume the data communication of data collection station and server.LoRa wide area network includes the communication entity of three levels: LoRa terminal,
LoRa gateway and LoRa server;Using LoRa wide area network, multiple channels access, frequency error factor, adaptation rate, channel are realized
Management, timing are received and dispatched, the functions such as node access authentication and data encryption, roaming.
The present invention operates in package transponder above the host of data collector, main to realize forwarding concentrator and service
Message and transmission beacon between device is with synchronization node.Its function is by data collector key control unit, start and stop concentrator
And GPS, the uplink and downlink application message of (nontransparent) between concentrator and server is forwarded, GPS is managed, receives GPS time and position
Confidence breath, as synchronization/coordination basis, and hoc beacons message, drive beacon under concentrator to collect to synchronize each node
The network state informations such as uplink and downlink message quantity forwarded, success rate, and periodically report server.
Microcode of the present invention runs SX1301 radio frequency chip, and specially microprocessor sends microcode extremely after the power-up
SX1301 radio frequency chip considers a variety of radio-frequency channels and transceiver (such as: SX1257 or SX1255) and different hardware realizations
Mode (such as: 1 SX1301 or 8 SX1301) is set between microprocessor and radio-frequency module to simplify design and facilitating transplanting
It is equipped with hardware abstraction layer interface, radio-frequency module data structure interfaces are divided into four types, is respectively used to setting radio-frequency transmissions
Channel central frequency and radio frequency chip parameter, received data packet is arranged in the centre frequency and switch state of machine and radio-frequency transmitter
Valid data and metadata, send data packet valid data and radio frequency parameter, as shown in table 2.
Table 2, radio-frequency module data structure interfaces table
The present invention is in the transmission of the data of data collector and server, 7 threads being provided with including main thread,
It is thread_up, thread_down, thread_gps, thread_valid, thread_jit, thread_ respectively
timersync;Microprocessor obtains mote uplink application message and framing into PUSH_DATA message from energy consumption data acquisition terminal
It is sent to server, and receives the downlink application message of server transmission, beacon message is organized into and JiT queue is added;Again from
JiT queue obtains beacon message and is sent to each energy consumption data acquisition terminal, as shown in table 3.
Table 3, thread menu
The present invention provides the system UNIX time using embedded (SuSE) Linux OS, while utilizing the crystal oscillator in concentrator
Timing provides the concentrator time, and provides the accurately GPS way of numbering the years time using GPS, to realize UNIX using the concentrator time
Conversion between time and GPS way of numbering the years time.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field
Those of ordinary skill disclosed the technical disclosures can make according to the present invention and various not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific variations and combinations of kind, these variations and combinations are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. it is a kind of based on LoRa communication Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device, which is characterized in that including microprocessor and with acquisition
The radio-frequency module of terminal connection;
The microprocessor inline operations system is carried out using LoRa wan communication agreement and multiple energy consumption data acquisition terminals
Data communication, and for controlling energy consumption data acquisition terminal and GPS module, it forwards between energy consumption data acquisition terminal and server
Uplink and downlink application message, organize and issue beacon message to synchronize to each energy consumption data acquisition terminal;
The radio-frequency module includes the radio-frequency transmitter connecting with the microprocessor and connect with energy consumption data acquisition terminal
Radio frequency sending set;The radio-frequency module is provided with multiple communication channels, carries out channel selection according to channel clear, and use
Rate adaptation mode carries out rate adaptation.
2. the Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device as described in claim 1 based on LoRa communication, which is characterized in that micro- place
Reason device is connect with radio-frequency module using Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and carries out data communication using Modbus Data Transport Protocol.
3. the Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device as claimed in claim 2 based on LoRa communication, which is characterized in that described
Modbus Data Transport Protocol establishes the request format for having client computer to start, when server is to client responds, using function
Code domain indicates normal response and exception response.
4. the Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device as claimed in claim 2 based on LoRa communication, which is characterized in that described
Modbus Data Transport Protocol uses high priority data coding mode, and it is effective preferentially to send highest when sending multiple bytes
Position.
5. the Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device as claimed in claim 2 based on LoRa communication, which is characterized in that described
Modbus Data Transport Protocol using with the data on different characteristic table as data model, including discrete magnitude input, coil,
Input register and holding register.
6. the Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device as described in claim 1 based on LoRa communication, which is characterized in that micro- place
It is provided with hardware abstraction layer interface between reason device and radio-frequency module, radio-frequency module data structure interfaces are divided into four types,
It is respectively used to centre frequency and switch state, setting channel central frequency and the radio frequency of setting radio frequency sending set and radio-frequency transmitter
Chip parameter, the valid data of received data packet and metadata, the valid data and radio frequency parameter for sending data packet.
7. the Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device as described in claim 1 based on LoRa communication, which is characterized in that micro- place
Reason device obtains mote uplink application message from energy consumption data acquisition terminal and framing is sent to server at PUSH_DATA message.
8. the Internet of Things energy consumption data acquisition device as claimed in claim 7 based on LoRa communication, which is characterized in that micro- place
It manages device and receives the downlink application message that server is sent, be organized into beacon message and JiT queue is added;It is obtained again from JiT queue
Beacon message is simultaneously sent to each energy consumption data acquisition terminal.
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Application publication date: 20190101 |