CN109104225A - A kind of optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency - Google Patents
A kind of optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0426—Power distribution
- H04B7/043—Power distribution using best eigenmode, e.g. beam forming or beam steering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention proposes the extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission methods that a kind of efficiency is optimal, specifically include that cell base station configures large-scale antenna array, extensive beam set is generated by wave beam forming and covers entire cell, and carries out multi-casting communication with user on the wave beam of generation；Base station estimates the statistical channel status information of each user according to the user uplink detectable signal received, and carries out the optimal Beam Domain power distribution of efficiency according to statistical channel status information.Wherein, the optimal Beam Domain power distribution algorithm of the efficiency proposed mainly utilizes Dinkelbach transformation and certainty doctrine of equivalents, and the efficiency optimal beam domain Multicast power allocation matrix of global optimum is obtained by iteratively solving a series of convex optimization problems.And with the movement of user, the statistical channel status information between base station and each user changes, and base station obtains statistical channel status information, the optimal Beam Domain Multicast power distribution of dynamic implementation efficiency according to different application scenarios.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the communications fields, and in particular to one kind utilizes large-scale antenna array and statistics letter under multicast scene
Optimal extensive input multi output (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, the MIMO) wave beam of the efficiency of channel state information
Domain transmission method.
Background technique
In extensive mimo system, base station end arrangement services multiple users using large-scale antenna array simultaneously.Using big
Inter-user interference can be effectively reduced in scale MIMO technology, greatly improves the availability of frequency spectrum and power effect of wireless communication system
Rate.Wave beam divides during multicast, base station side by unitary transformation by send signal be transformed into Beam Domain, Beam Domain channel into
The transmission of row signal, makes full use of the locality of the space angle resolution ratio and subscriber channel of large-scale antenna array in Beam Domain
Characteristic.
Under multi-casting communication scene, same information is passed to targeted group by base station simultaneously.In extensive MIMO wave beam
Under the scene of domain multicast, optimization system efficiency is generally required.This kind of optimization problem due to objective function be it is non-convex, be generally difficult to
Globally optimal solution is obtained, and when base station side antenna number is larger, asks in System Multicast rate process and ask desired process complicated
It spends very high.For this purpose, the invention proposes the efficiencies using statistical channel status information of a kind of low complex degree and global optimum most
Excellent extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the present invention is to provide one kind to utilize large-scale antenna array and system under base station multicast scene
Count the optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain transmission method of efficiency of channel state information.
Technical solution: for achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency, comprising the following steps:
(1) base station configures large-scale antenna array, and base station generates extensive beam set by wave beam forming and covers
Entire cell, and multi-casting communication is carried out with user on the wave beam of generation.
(2) base station is distributed using the optimal Multicast power of Beam Domain statistical channel status information building Beam Domain efficiency obtained
Optimization problem, solves the optimization problem using Dinkelbach transformation and certainty equivalent processes, carries out function to signal is sent
Rate distribution.
(3) in each user's moving process, with the variation of the statistical channel status information between base station and each user, base
The optimal Beam Domain rate distribution of side dynamic implementation efficiency of standing.
Base station side in the step (1) configures the aerial array being made of a large amount of antennas, and base station uses the identical tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Transformation generates the extensive wave beam that can cover entire cell, and each wave beam is the division to space resources.Base station is in Beam Domain
Multi-casting communication is carried out with target user.
Each user sends uplink detection signal in the ascending channel detecting stage in the step (2), and base station is according to receiving
Detectable signal, estimation implement Beam Domain power distribution Beam Domain statistical channel status information.Beam Domain power is embodied
The method of distribution is based on Dinkelbach transformation and certainty equivalent processes.
The above-mentioned Beam Domain power distribution method based on Dinkelbach transformation includes:
(a) objective function for solving the optimal power distribution problems of efficiency is a divisional equation, this is one non-convex
Optimization problem is often difficult to obtain globally optimal solution.It is converted by Dinkelbach and introduces an auxiliary variable, by optimization problem
It is converted into convex optimization problem, globally optimal solution can be obtained while obtaining locally optimal solution.
(b) in generation, solves the convex optimization problem of efficiency optimal power allocation, and auxiliary variable therein is continuous with iterative process
It updates.Iterative process is terminated when the difference of adjacent iteration result twice is less than some given threshold value.
The above-mentioned Beam Domain power distribution method equivalent based on certainty include:
(a) according to big dimension Random Matrices Theory, pass through the Beam Domain statistical channel status information of multicast users, iterative calculation
The certainty of multicast rate item is equal to auxiliary variable until convergence in objective function.
(b) it is equal to the certainty of the multicast rate item in auxiliary variable calculating target function using the certainty that iteration obtains
Equivalent expressions.
(c) the certainty equivalent expressions of multicast rate item are brought into the optimization of the optimal Beam Domain Multicast power distribution of efficiency
In problem, avoid high complexity seeks expectation computing.
With the movement of user in the step (3), the statistical channel status information between base station and each user becomes
Change, base station obtains statistical channel status information, dynamic implementation Beam Domain according to different application scenarios with corresponding time interval
Power distribution.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
It, can be wireless with it 1. each user implements the optimal multi-casting communication of efficiency on Beam Domain in base station and user group
The spatial character of channel matches, to obtain mentioning using power efficiency brought by large-scale antenna array and spectrum efficiency
It rises.
2. being designed using the Beam Domain statistical channel status information of multicast users to signal is sent, required each user
Beam Domain statistical channel status information can be obtained by sparse detectable signal, the multicast transmission method proposed while suitable
For time division duplex and frequency division duplex system.
3. carrying out the power distribution of efficiency using Dinkelbach transformation and certainty doctrine of equivalents, significantly reduces optimization and ask
The complexity that topic solves and physical layer is realized, and the power distribution method can obtain globally optimal solution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method flow chart of efficiency.
Fig. 2 is extensive MIMO multicast system schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the iterative algorithm flow chart converted based on Dinkelbach.
Fig. 4 is the iterative algorithm flow chart equivalent based on Dinkelbach and certainty.
Specific embodiment
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.
As shown in Figure 1, the extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method that a kind of efficiency disclosed by the invention is optimal, mainly
The following steps are included:
1) base station configures large-scale antenna array, can cover the extensive of entire cell by beam form-endowing method generation
Beam set.In this step, base station can be covered whole by the generation of the method for simulation multi-beam figuration or digital multiple beam figuration
The extensive beam set of a cell, to realize that the Beam Domain of space resources divides.Base station on same running time-frequency resource with
Family carries out the optimal multi-casting communication of efficiency, and the process of the multi-casting communication is implemented on Beam Domain.
2) base station obtains the Beam Domain statistical channel status information of multicast users, constructs energy using statistical channel status information
Optimal Beam Domain Multicast power assignment problem is imitated, and solves the optimization using Dinkelbach transformation and certainty equivalent processes
Problem completes the power distribution optimal to transmission signal efficiency.
3) during each user's dynamic mobile, with Beam Domain statistical channel between user in base station and multicast users group
State information change, base station side dynamic implementation Beam Domain power distribution, multicast process dynamic update.
Below by taking extensive MIMO multicast system shown in Fig. 2 as an example, consider that single cell scenario, base station side configure M root hair
Penetrate the large-scale antenna array (M 10 of antenna2~103The order of magnitude), antenna spacing is half-wavelength.There is K multicast destination in cell
User, each user configuration NrRoot receiving antenna.
In the channel detection stage, multicast users send uplink detection signal, and base station is estimated according to the detectable signal received
The Beam Domain statistical channel status information of each userWherein HkRespectively k-th multicast users
Beam Domain channel matrix, operator ⊙ are matrix H adamard product, and * is the conjugation for seeking matrix,Indicate expectation computing.
Base station will be sent to the space-domain signal of user and convert Beam Domain by unified unitary transformation, base station Beam Domain to
Each user sends multicast signals.To assuming that the Beam Domain multicast signals that base station is sent are x, the covariance matrix for sending signal isMulticast users rate can indicate are as follows:
The wherein conjugate transposition of subscript H representing matrix, min expression are minimized operation, and log indicates logarithm operation, det table
Show and takes determinant of a matrix.In view of the correlation of Beam Domain channel base station side is very low, base station is sent mutually on each wave beam
Independent data flow, i.e. matrix Λ are diagonal matrix.
It notices the efficiency problem in Beam Domain multi-casting communication, in order to obtain the higher multicast efficiency of efficiency, needs pair
The covariance matrix Λ for sending signal is optimized, i.e., carries out power distribution to launching beam in base station side, that is, is solved following excellent
Change problem:
Here P (Λ) is to send general power, and meet P (Λ)=μ tr { Λ }+Pc, wherein tr { Λ } is signal transmission
Power, μ (> 1) are amplification coefficient, PcFor the circuit power to dissipate within hardware, PconIt is constrained for Base Transmitter total power signal,
Above-mentioned tr { } is the operation for taking trace of a matrix.
This problem objective function is non-convex, hardly results in globally optimal solution, and implementation complexity it is very high for this purpose, the present invention is based on
Dinkelbach transformation and certainty equally solve above-mentioned Beam Domain multicast transmission power distribution optimization problem.Wherein it is based on
The thinking of Dinkelbach transformation is: the objective function of the optimal power distribution problems of efficiency is a divisional equation, this is one
A non-convex optimization problem is often difficult to obtain globally optimal solution, is converted by Dinkelbach and introduces an auxiliary variable, will
Optimization problem is converted into convex optimization problem, and globally optimal solution can be obtained while obtaining locally optimal solution.It is asked by iteration
The convex optimization problem of efficiency optimal power allocation is solved, auxiliary variable therein is constantly updated with iterative process, and iterative process exists
The difference of adjacent iteration result twice terminates when being less than some given threshold value.
Fig. 3 shows the implementation process for the power distribution method based on Dinkelbach transformation that the present invention is implemented, in detail
Process is as follows:
Step 1: initialization sends the covariance matrix Λ of signal(0), setting the number of iterations instruction i=0.It is sent out in initialization
The covariance matrix Λ for the number of delivering letters(0)When, it can be the strongest N number of wave of beam gain according to Beam Domain statistical channel status information
Beam distribution power Pcon/ N, wherein PconFor the constraint of Base Transmitter total power signal.N can use channel statistical status information and obtain
, the value mode of N can be such that the Beam Domain channel Correlation Matrix for calculating each userRkIt is a M
The diagonal matrix of × M, each diagonal element areThe wave covered for user's energy up to 80% can be taken
Constriction closes, and then the beam collection conjunction union of all K multicast users obtains set Υ, and N is exactly the number of element in set Υ.
Step 2: according to power distribution matrix Λ(0), calculate corresponding multicast efficiency functionFor
Step 3: introducing Dinkelbach auxiliary variable η, η, iteration updates in the following way
Step 4: being converted using Dinkelbach becomes following form for optimization problem:
Step 5: solving convex optimization problem (5) using interior point method or other convex optimization methods.
Step 6: the solution of convex optimization problem (5) being brought into multicast efficiency function expression (3), new multicast efficiency is calculated
Functional value
Step 7: the result of i+1 time iteration multicast efficiency functionWith i-th resultIt is compared, if
Difference twiceLess than some given threshold ε1, then iteration is terminated；Otherwise, the number of iterations i is added into 1, i.e. i=i+
1, jump to step 3.
In the power distribution method based on Dinkelbach transformation being presented above, multicast efficiency function representation is being solved
It when formula (6) and convex optimization problem (5), requires to traverse channel, calculates desired value.Since the expectation does not have enclosed table
Up to formula, thus need Monte-Carlo simulation calculation.In order to avoid the expectation computing of asking of high complexity, the present invention utilizes big dimension
Matrix random theory calculates the certainty equivalent expressions of multicast rate item, to reduce the power distribution based on Dinkelbach transformation
The computation complexity of method.Certainty equivalent processes are equivalent by iterative calculation certainty merely with statistical channel status information
Auxiliary variable can be obtained the Approaching Results of multicast rate item.Because the equivalent result of certainty can approach multicast speed very well
The accurate expression of rate item, the invention proposes based on Dinkelbach transformation and the equivalent power distribution method of certainty.
Fig. 4 shows the implementation process based on Dinkelbach transformation and the equivalent power distribution method of certainty, in detail
Process is as follows:
Step 1: initialization sends the covariance matrix Λ of signal(0), setting the number of iterations instruction i=0.It is sent out in initialization
The covariance matrix Λ for the number of delivering letters(0)When, it can be the strongest N number of wave of beam gain according to Beam Domain statistical channel status information
Beam distribution power Pcon/N。
Step 2: calculating multicast rate item certainty and be equal to initial valueIt is firstly introduced into really
Qualitative equivalent auxiliary variable
Γk=Bk(Φk)-1 (7)
In an iterative process, three auxiliary variables can all tend to restrain, when auxiliary variable changing value is less than given threshold value
Stop iteration.Wherein BkAnd CkIt is all diagonal matrix, diagonal entry can be expressed as
[Bk(X)]i,i=tr { diag { [Ωk]:,i}X} (10)
Therefore multicast rate item RmcR in (Λ)kThe certainty of (Λ) can be equally expressed as
The certainty of multicast rate item can be equally expressed as in this way
Step 3: according to Λ(i)Calculate multicast efficiency functional value
Step 4: introducing Dinkelbach auxiliary variable η, η, iteration updates in the following way
Step 5: being converted using Dinkelbach becomes following form for optimization problem:
Step 6: solving convex optimization problem (16) using interior point method or other convex optimization methods, obtaining optimization problem, this changes
The solution Λ in generation(i+1)。
Step 7: by the solution Λ of convex optimization problem (16)(i+1)It brings into multicast efficiency function expression, calculates new multicast
Efficiency functional value
Step 8: by the result of i+1 time iteration multicast efficiency functionWith i-th resultIt is compared, such as
The difference of fruit twiceLess than some given threshold ε1, then iteration is terminated；Otherwise, the number of iterations i is added into 1, i.e. i=
I+1 returns to step 3 for the solution of current iteration and brings formula (8) into, recalculates certainty and is equal to auxiliary variable Γk、And Φk,
It repeats the above steps.
In each user's moving process, with the variation of the Beam Domain statistical channel status information between base station and user,
Base station side repeats abovementioned steps according to updated statistical channel status information, carries out efficiency optimal beam domain Multicast power point
Match.To realize that the dynamic of multicast transmission process updates.The variation and concrete application scene of Beam Domain statistical channel status information
Related, typical statistic time window is the several times or decades of times of transmission time window in short-term, relevant statistical channel status information
Acquisition also carries out on biggish time width.
It should be pointed out that the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
In this, anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can readily occur in variation or replace
It changes, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.The available prior art of each component part being not known in the present embodiment
It is realized.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) base station for configuring large-scale antenna array generates extensive beam set by wave beam forming and covers entire cell, and
And multi-casting communication is carried out with user on the wave beam of generation；
(2) base station obtains the statistical channel status information of each user, and constructs Beam Domain efficiency according to statistical channel status information
Optimal Multicast power allocation optimization problems solve the optimization problem using Dinkelbach transformation and certainty equivalent processes,
Power distribution is carried out to signal is sent；The optimization aim of the power distribution optimization problem is to maximize multicast efficiency, and optimization becomes
Amount is that base station side sends signal covariance matrix；Constraint condition is that base station side transmission signal covariance matrix meets power constraint；
The multicast efficiency is the ratio of System Multicast rate and system total power；
(3) in each user's moving process, with the variation of statistical channel status information between base station and each user, base station side is dynamic
State implements the optimal Beam Domain power distribution of efficiency.
2. the optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It states base station in step (1) and generates the extensive wave beam that can cover entire cell using identical unitary transformation, each wave beam is pair
The division of space resources；Base station carries out the optimal Beam Domain multi-casting communication of efficiency in Beam Domain and target user.
3. the optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
The uplink detection signal estimation that Beam Domain statistical channel status information is sent by base station according to the multicast users received is stated to obtain.
4. the optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
The optimal Multicast power allocation optimization problems of Beam Domain efficiency in the step of stating (2) indicate are as follows:
s.t.tr{Λ}≤Pcon,Λ≥0
Wherein, HkFor the Beam Domain channel matrix of k-th of user, Λ is the covariance matrix for sending signal, and I is unit matrix, P
(Λ)=μ tr { Λ }+PcIt is to send general power, μ is amplification coefficient, PcFor the circuit power to dissipate within hardware, PconFor base station
Emit total power signal constraint,Indicate expectation computing, det expression takes determinant of a matrix, and tr () indicates calculating matrix
Mark.
5. the optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
State the fraction fortune that converting in step (2) using Dinkelbach introduces an auxiliary variable for original optimization problem objective function
Calculation, which is converted into, subtracts formula operation, so that the subproblem iteratively solved every time is convex optimization problem.
6. the optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: institute
The computational complexity for reducing optimization problem solving using certainty equivalent processes in step (2) is stated, is specifically included:
(a) target is iterated to calculate by the Beam Domain statistical channel status information of multicast users according to big dimension Random Matrices Theory
The certainty of multicast rate item is equal to auxiliary variable Γ in functionk、WithUntil convergence；Wherein, Γk=Bk(Φk)-1,Bk(X) and CkIt (X) is diagonal matrix；
[Bk(X)]i,i=tr { diag { [Ωk]:,i}X}
⊙ representing matrix Hadamard product, subscript i indicate the number of iterations, subscript i representing matrix member
Plain ranks number；
(b) certainty for being equal to the multicast rate item in auxiliary variable calculating target function using the certainty that iteration obtains is equivalent
Expression；
(c) the certainty equivalent expressions of multicast rate item are brought into the optimization problem of the optimal Beam Domain Multicast power distribution of efficiency
In, avoid high complexity seeks expectation computing.
7. the optimal extensive MIMO Beam Domain multicast transmission method of efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
State the movement in step (3) with user, the statistical channel status information between base station and each user changes, base station according to
Different application scenarios with corresponding time interval obtain statistical channel status information, dynamic implementation using Dinkelbach transformation and
Based on the power distribution that the equivalent Beam Domain efficiency of certainty is optimal.
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